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The Search for the Franklin Expedition

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The Search for the Franklin Expedition News in Review – October 2012 – Teacher Resource Guide THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION MINDS‐ON ACTIVITY Discuss the following questions before reading: 1. Name as many explorers as you can. Note what country each explorer was from and what lands they were exploring and claiming. Discuss your findings as a class. 2. Define the terms imperialism, colonialism and indigenous. 3. Why might explorers be considered heroes of their own nation? Why might they be viewed less favourably by indigenous peoples? Why are explorers considered important historical figures? 4. Who would you consider as present day examples of explorers? Why? SETTING THE STAGE Captain Sir John Franklin and his crew of 130 Arctic Archipelago. Victorians wondered their men set off from Britain 160 years ago on an fate and sent several expeditions to find answers expedition of the Arctic. The two ships, the to the mystery. Dozens of expeditions were HMS Erebus and HMS Terror were some of the launched in an attempt to search for the lost biggest and strongest vessels ever to make the men. journey. Stocked with food, water and other necessities to last seven years, the expedition In 1859, a search party hired by Lady Jane hoped to detail the last un-navigated section of Franklin found a message left in a cairn (a pile the Northwest Passage (a route from the Atlantic of stones made by humans) on Victory Point, to Pacific Ocean through Canada). King William Island that detailed how the two ships had become trapped in the ice in Victoria Naval explorers like Franklin were heroes of Strait in late 1846, and remained there a year Victorian Britain; brave men who risked life and and a half. The message also stated that Sir John limb to examine the mysteries of uncharted Franklin died on June 11, 1847 and by spring lands and to lay claim to those lands for their 1848 another 24 members of the crew has mother country. perished. In April 1848 the rest of the crew left a note saying they were setting out on foot, for a After two years with no communications back to destination they never reached. Britain from Franklin, everyone feared the worse. The entire crew had vanished in the 25 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION Despite the tragic ending to his journey, In recent times, the Canadian government has Franklin remained a hero in British popular also invested time and money to search for the culture and other expeditions were launched to doomed vessels, but the reasons for the latest find out more about the disaster. Some revived interest in Franklin seem to be scientific, speculated that the crew had fell victim to economic and political interest related to Arctic scurvy, lead poisoning, or tuberculosis. Earlier sovereignty. The latest hunt for wreckage was speculation of cannibalism was finally proven led by Parks Canada. Franklin's ships were not when skeletal remains were found in later search found but important artifacts were discovered. It parties (bones revealed evidence of being was the fourth government-led expedition over intentionally severed). The story of the doomed the past five years and the biggest. The lost ships quest in the unforgiving North remains a remain an undiscovered national historical site. historical mystery. Class Discussion 1. Why is the Arctic important to the government of Canada? List as many reasons as you can (i.e. natural resources, national identity, military/defense, environmental)? 2. Why is the Arctic important to the Inuit people? List as many reasons as you can. News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 26 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION Examining Primary Evidence of the Franklin Mystery Primary evidence is important to historians. Primary evidence provides us with details about a historical person, place or event from the viewpoint of a person who had knowledge of the person, place or event being examined. For that reason, primary evidence is called "first-hand" evidence or "original" evidence. With a small group, examine the following selection of primary evidence that can be found on the web and complete the chart. Primary Who is the When was it Why did the What does this primary Evidence of author/creator? written/made? author/creator record evidence tell us about the Franklin this evidence? the Franklin mystery? Expedition Cairn note Map of collected evidence from searches for Franklin Inuit testimony* News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 27 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION Primary Who is the When was it Why did the What does this primary Evidence of author/creator? written/made? author/creator record evidence tell us about the Franklin this evidence? the Franklin mystery? Expedition Engraving of Frederick Schwatka's search party for Franklin URLs • Cairn note – http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/franklin-cairn-note/ • 1927 map of information related to Franklin searches – http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/franklin- searches-map/ • Frederick Schwatka’s search party – http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/photos/2762/#igImgId_45768 • Inuit Testimony – http://www.ric.edu/faculty/rpotter/inuittest.html Note to Teachers Students could focus on one piece of Inuit evidence, such as Iggiararjuk's testimony, as told to Rasmussen in 1923. Further Exploration To learn more about the doomed expedition and the 2012 search efforts for Franklin's ships go to the CBC website Searching for Franklin: Making history in the Canadian Arctic. View special reports, timelines, photographs and interviews: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/features/franklin/ News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 28 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION VIDEO REVIEW Pre‐viewing Questions Answer the following questions individually, then discuss them with a partner. Prepare to debrief as a class. 1. What challenges do you anticipate facing in a present-day search for Franklin's ships? 2. How do you think technology will help the search? 3. Why do you think some people want to find the remains of the Franklin expedition? 4. Why do you think the Canadian government wants to find the remains of the Franklin expedition? Viewing Questions While you watch the CBC News in Review video, answer the questions below: 1. What was the importance of the Northwest Passage? 2. What happened to Franklin and his men? News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 29 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION 3. What is the main objective of the Parks Canada team? 4. How close was Franklin and his crew to achieving their goal? 5. What remains were found of the crew? 6. Who has vital testimony regarding what happened to the Franklin crew? 7. Why is the researchers’ work described as monotonous? 8. Why is the search important even if the ships are not found? 9. What other information is being gathered on the expedition in regards to a potential oil spill? 10. How did the expedition conclude? 11. Why is the search considered important? News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 30 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION Post‐viewing Discussion 1. Do you think the Canadian government should continue its search for the Franklin ships? Why or why not? News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 31 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION Inuit History and the Franklin Expedition Hungry Qallunaat (white people, in Inuktitut) is how Inuit people remember the survivors of the Franklin expedition in their oral history. The testimony of the Inuit people was sought in the early 20th century and is being sought again today as important primary evidence in the search for Franklin's ships. Going Deeper On the CBC.ca website, watch The National segment, Inuit History and Franklin Ships: www.cbc.ca/player/News/TV+Shows/The+National/ID/2278124371/ 1. Why do the Inuit care about the fate of Franklin and his crew? 2. Describe the land where the Inuit live. 3. What is oral history and why is it important? 4. Why is the Inuit account considered credible and reliable? 5. How could the Inuit be impacted by further exploration of the Arctic? For Further Research Go to the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Website at www.itk.ca to gain first‐hand information on the peoples and cultures of the four Inuit regions and their social, economic, political and environmental concerns. News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 32 OCTOBER 2012 — THE SEARCH FOR THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS 1. Find out what indigenous peoples once inhabited and still inhabit the land of your community. 2. Contact an Aboriginal Friendship Centre to invite a speaker to talk about the impact of exploration on aboriginal peoples. 3. Ask a family or community member if they can recall a historical mystery/tragedy that they learned about when they were young. Compare this story to the one of the Franklin expedition. News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 33 .
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