Conseil Économique Et Social Distr. Générale 27 Janvier 2010 Français

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Conseil Économique Et Social Distr. Générale 27 Janvier 2010 Français Nations Unies E/C.12/LKA/2-4 Conseil économique et social Distr. générale 27 janvier 2010 Français Original: anglais Session de fond de 2010 Application du Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels Deuxième, troisième et quatrième rapports périodiques présentés, en un même document, en application des articles 16 et 17 du Pacte Sri Lanka*,** [9 juin 2008] * Conformément aux informations communiquées aux États parties concernant le traitement de leurs rapports, le présent document n’a pas été revu par les services d’édition avant d’être envoyé aux services de traduction de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. ** Les annexes au présent rapport peuvent être consultées dans les archives du secrétariat. GE.10-40566 (F) 030510 040510 E/C.12/LKA/2-4 Table des matières Paragraphes Page Abbrévations.................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1−12 4 II. Réponses aux observations et recommandations finales formulées par le Comité à l’issue de l’examen du rapport initial de Sri Lanka ....................... 13−145 5 2 GE.10-40566 E/C.12/LKA/2-4 Abréviations AMGI Agence multilatérale de garantie des investissements CICR Comité international de la Croix-Rouge ECHO Office humanitaire de la Communauté européenne HCR Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés IPEC Programme international pour l’abolition du travail des enfants LTTE Tigres de libération de l’Eelam tamoul BCAH Bureau de la coordination des affaires humanitaires OIT Organisation internationale du Travail OMS Organisation mondiale de la santé ONG Organisation non gouvernementale PAM Programme alimentaire mondial PNUD Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement UNICEF Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance GE.10-40566 3 E/C.12/LKA/2-4 I. Introduction 1. La politique de Sri Lanka en matière de droits économiques, sociaux et culturels découle de l’idée fondamentale que la promotion, l’instauration et la protection des droits de l’homme relèvent d’une obligation contractée par l’État du fait que Sri Lanka est partie à 16 instruments internationaux majeurs se rapportant aux droits de l’homme, dont le Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels . 2. Conformément à sa politique en matière de droits de l’homme, Sri Lanka a déployé sans relâche et avec détermination des efforts de grande envergure, au plan national comme au plan international, pour promouvoir et protéger les droits de l’homme. 3. Le Gouvernement sri-lankais a ratifié le Pacte le 11 juin 1980. Le rapport initial présenté en application des articles 16 et 17 du Pacte a été soumis le 5 mars 1996 et examiné par le Comité à ses 3e et 5e séances tenues les 28 et 29 avril 1998. Le présent rapport apporte une réponse circonstanciée aux conclusions et recommandations formulées par le Comité. 4. En outre, il convient de noter que lorsqu’elle a présenté sa candidature au Conseil des droits de l’homme en 2006, Sri Lanka s’est engagée à promouvoir la réforme des organes conventionnels. Dans son aide-mémoire1, elle a pris l’engagement de concert avec les pays attachés aux mêmes principes «[d]’aider le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme à formuler des propositions de réforme des organes conventionnels tendant à renforcer ces organes et à faire en sorte qu’ils soient plus efficaces et mieux adaptés aux besoins actuels des États membres». Dans cet esprit, le Gouvernement sri- lankais a élaboré le document de base commun où figurent toutes les informations générales et statistiques pertinentes relatives au pays et l’a soumis au Haut Commissariat aux droits de l’homme en avril 2008. Il convient donc de lire en parallèle le présent rapport périodique et le document de base. 5. Des mesures économiques et sociales importantes visant à satisfaire les besoins essentiels que sont l’alimentation, les services médicaux, l’éducation et le logement ont été prises à Sri Lanka; elles assurent aux habitants une qualité de vie élevée. Il ne s’agit pas uniquement de favoriser le bien-être, mais également de permettre le plein épanouissement de la personnalité en harmonie avec les droits civils et politiques dont jouissent les citoyens. Toutes ces mesures sont interdépendantes et ont contribué à concrétiser les droits consacrés dans le Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels. Des programmes spéciaux tels que le Mouvement samurdhi ont amélioré la qualité de la vie, même des Sri-Lankais relativement moins favorisés, ce qui les a incités à participer au processus de développement, tout en leur en donnant les moyens. Les politiques mises en œuvre par les pouvoirs publics ont contribué également à réduire les disparités de revenus entre les différents secteurs économiques et entre les différents groupes sociaux. 6. La réalisation des droits consacrés dans le Pacte a été facilitée dans le pays par l’existence d’un système démocratique multipartite qui repose sur l’exercice régulier du droit de vote par tous les adultes. Depuis l’indépendance, en 1948, les gouvernements qui se sont succédé se sont aussi efforcés de promouvoir le bien-être social de la population. L’importance des avantages retirés des programmes d’aide sociale à Sri Lanka a été analysée et quantifiée et elle se manifeste par l’amélioration systématique d’indicateurs clefs tels que le taux de mortalité des moins de 5 ans, le taux de mortalité maternelle, l’espérance de vie à la naissance − en augmentation pour les hommes comme pour les 1 Aide-mémoire accompagnant la candidature de Sri Lanka au Conseil des droits de l’homme, 2006. 4 GE.10-40566 E/C.12/LKA/2-4 femmes −, les taux d’alphabétisation ou encore le taux de scolarisation2. Comme c’est l’ensemble de la population qui a bénéficié des programmes d’aide sociale, celle-ci n’est peut-être pas toujours en mesure de bien en saisir l’importance, d’en apprécier les résultats ou de quantifier les avantages qu’elle retire de tel ou tel service social. Il semblerait que, d’une manière générale, l’accès gratuit, à l’échelle nationale, à tous les niveaux de l’enseignement et à l’ensemble des services de santé soit désormais considéré par la population comme un droit fondamental de l’homme. Défis contemporains majeurs 7. Depuis près de vingt-cinq ans, Sri Lanka est contrainte de combattre les actes de terrorisme commis par une organisation terroriste séparatiste, les Tigres de libération de l’Eelam tamoul (LTTE), considérée comme une organisation terroriste par un grand nombre d’États Membres de l’ONU, notamment les 27 pays de l’Union européenne, l’Inde, les États-Unis d’Amérique et le Canada, et comme l’une des plus implacables. Les LTTE se battent pour obtenir un État séparé dans le nord et l’est du pays. En juillet 2007, le Gouvernement les a chassés de toute la province orientale et il s’emploie maintenant à y stabiliser la vie économique, sociale et politique d’une population qui a vécu dans une zone de conflit pendant plus de vingt ans. Il s’efforce notamment de rétablir l’administration civile, le développement économique à court et à long terme et l’infrastructure pour appuyer le progrès économique. Les structures politiques locales sont redynamisées pour garantir et promouvoir les droits démocratiques des habitants de la province. Entre autres conséquences directes, le conflit a semé la mort, détruit les biens personnels et collectifs, déplacé les populations, fait des réfugiés, entravé le développement économique, mis à rude épreuve des ressources économiques limitées, causé des traumatismes psychosociaux, obligé à réadapter et à réinsérer les ex-combattants, y compris les enfants soldats, et créé un climat d’insécurité et de peur dû à la menace terroriste. 8. En décembre 2004, le tsunami dans l’océan Indien a dévasté près des deux tiers des côtes du pays, causant d’énormes pertes humaines et matérielles dont le pays ne s’est pas encore entièrement remis. Ni le conflit terroriste, ni les ravages du tsunami n’ont entamé la ferme volonté du Gouvernement d’assurer le respect des droits de l’homme en prenant des mesures pour promouvoir et protéger les droits de l’homme de tous les citoyens, indépendamment de leur religion, de leur appartenance ethnique ou de leur langue. II. Réponses aux observations et recommandations finales formulées par le Comité à l’issue de l’examen du rapport initial de Sri Lanka 9. Les renseignements fournis ci-après complètent ceux communiqués par la délégation du Gouvernement sri-lankais au Comité des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels lors de l’examen de son rapport initial en 1998, ainsi que les réponses apportées aux questions posées par les membres du Comité en séance. 10. Le document de base commun soumis par Sri Lanka en avril 2008 renferme des informations complémentaires concernant les stratégies nationales, les statistiques recueillies et l’étude de la conformité des lois du pays avec les principaux instruments internationaux ayant trait aux droits de l’homme et aux droits du travail auxquels Sri Lanka est partie, conformément aux directives concernant l’établissement des rapports par les États parties. 2 Voir le rapport annuel pour 2007 de la Banque centrale (www.cbsl.gov.lk). GE.10-40566 5 E/C.12/LKA/2-4 11. Le Gouvernement sri-lankais réaffirme sa détermination à poursuivre et à alimenter le dialogue constructif engagé avec le Comité, à répondre au mieux à toutes les questions et interrogations et à envisager de faire siennes les recommandations formulées par le Comité. Dans le présent rapport, le Gouvernement sri-lankais répondra aux conclusions et recommandations du Comité (E/C.12/1/Add.24). 12. Le Gouvernement sri-lankais prend note de la satisfaction exprimée par le Comité, et des aspects positifs énumérés par lui aux paragraphes 2 et 3 de ses observations finales.
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