Environmental Health Australia
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Environmental Health The Journal of the Australian Institute of Environmental Health ...linking...linking thethe sciencescience andand practicepractice ofof EnvironmentalEnvironmental HealthHealth Environmental Health The Journal of the Australian Institute of Environmental Health ABN 58 000 031 998 Advisory Board Ms Jan Bowman, Department of Human Services, Victoria Professor Valerie A. Brown AO, University of Western Sydney Dr Nancy Cromar, Flinders University Associate Professor Heather Gardner Mr Murray McCafferty, Acting Company Secretary, Australian Institute of Environmental Health Mr John Murrihy, Bayside City Council, Victoria and Director, Australian Institute of Environmental Health Mr Ron Pickett, Curtin University Dr Eve Richards, TAFE Tasmania Dr Thomas Tenkate, Queensland Health Editor Associate Professor Heather Gardner Editorial Committee Dr Ross Bailie, Menzies School of Health Research Mr Dean Bertolatti, Curtin University of Technology Mr Peter Davey, Griffith University Ms Louise Dunn, Swinburne University of Technology Professor Christine Ewan, University of Wollongong Associate Professor Howard Fallowfield, Flinders University Ms Jane Heyworth, University of Western Australia Mr Stuart Heggie, Tropical Public Health Unit, Cairns Dr Deborah Hennessy, Developing Health Care, Kent, UK Professor Steve Hrudey, University of Alberta, Canada Professor Michael Jackson, University of Strathclyde, Scotland Mr Ross Jackson, Maddock Lonie & Chisholm, Melbourne Mr Steve Jeffes, TAFE Tasmania Mr Eric Johnson, Department of Health & Human Services, Hobart Mr George Kupfer, Underwriters Laboratories Inc, Illinois, USA Professor Vivian Lin, La Trobe University Mr Ian MacArthur, The Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, London Dr Bruce Macler, U.S. Environment Protection Agency Dr Anne Neller, University of the Sunshine Coast Professor Peter Newman, Murdoch University Dr Eric Noji, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, USA Dr Dino Pisaniello, Adelaide University Dr Scott Ritchie, Tropical Public Health Unit, Cairns Professor Rod Simpson, University of the Sunshine Coast Mr Jim Smith, President, AIEH Victoria Division Mr Peter Stephenson, University of Western Sydney Ms Melissa Stoneham, Queensland University of Technology Ms Sharon Tuffin, Department of Health & Aged Care, Canberra Ms Glenda Verrinder, La Trobe University Bendigo Ms Jennie Westaway, Curtin University of Technology Environmental Health © 2001 ISSN 1444-5212 …linking the science and practice of environmental health Environmental Health Vol. 1 No. 3 2001 3 Environmental Health The Journal of the Australian Institute of Environmental Health The Australian Institute of Environmental Health gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance and support provided by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care in relation to the publication of Environmental Health. However, the opinions expressed in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Commonwealth. Copyright is reserved and requests for permission to reproduce all or any part of the material appearing in Environmental Health must be made in writing to the Editor. All opinions expressed in the journal are those of the authors. The Editor, Advisory Board, Editorial Committee and the publishers do not hold themselves responsible for statements by contributors. Published by Environmental Health, The Journal of the Australian Institute of Environmental Health. Correspondence to: Associate Professor Heather Gardner, Editor, P O Box 68 Kangaroo Ground, Victoria, 3097, Australia. Cover Design by: Motiv Design, Stepney, South Australia Typeset by: Mac-Nificent, Northcote, Victoria Printed by: MatGraphics & Marketing, Notting Hill, Victoria The Journal is printed on recycled paper. Environmental Health © 2001 ISSN 1444-5212 4 Environmental Health Vol. 1 No. 3 2001 Environmental Health The Journal of the Australian Institute of Environmental Health Call for Papers The Journal is seeking papers for GUEST EDITORIALS publication. Guest Editorials address topics of current interest. Environmental Health is a quarterly, international, These may include Reports on current research, peer-reviewed journal designed to publish articles policy or practice issues, or on Symposia or on a range of issues influencing environmental Conferences. Editorials should be approximately health. The Journal aims to provide a link 700 words in length. between the science and practice of environmental health, with a particular emphasis RESEARCH AND THEORY on Australia and the Asia-Pacific Region. Articles under Research and Theory should be The Journal publishes articles on research and 3000-5000 words in length and can include either theory, policy reports and analyses, case studies of professional practice initiatives, changes in quantitative or qualitative research and legislation and regulations and their implications, theoretical articles. Up to six key words should be global influences in environmental health, and included. Name/s and affiliation/s of author/s to book reviews. Special Issues of Conference be included at start of paper and contact details Proceedings or on themes of particular interest, including email address at the end. and review articles will also be published. The Journal recognises the diversity of issues PRACTICE,POLICY AND LAW addressed in the environmental health field, and Articles and reports should be approximately seeks to provide a forum for scientists and 3000 words in length and can include articles and practitioners from a range of disciplines. Environmental Health covers the interaction reports on successful practice interventions, between the natural, built and social environment discussion of practice initiatives and applications, and human health, including ecosystem health and case studies; changes in policy, analyses, and and sustainable development, the identification, implications; changes in laws and regulations and assessment and control of occupational hazards, their implications, and global influences in communicable disease control and prevention, environmental health. Up to six key words should and the general risk assessment and management be included. Name/s and affiliation/s of author/s of environmental health hazards. should be included at start of paper and contact Aims details including email address at the end. • To provide a link between the science and practice of environmental health, with a REPORTS AND REVIEWS particular emphasis on Australia and the Short reports of topical interest should be Asia-Pacific Region approximately 1500 words. Book reviews should • To promote the standing and visibility of environmental health be approximately 700 words and Review Articles should not exceed 3000 words in length. • To provide a forum for discussion and information exchange • To support and inform critical discussion on Correspondence environmental health in relation to Associate Professor Heather Gardner Australia's diverse society Editor, Environmental Health • To support and inform critical discussion on PO Box 68, Kangaroo Ground, Victoria, 3097, environmental health in relation to Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait AUSTRALIA Islander communities Guidelines for Authors can be obtained from the • To promote quality improvement and best Editor practice in all areas of environmental health Telephone: 61 3 9712 0550 • To encourage contributions from students Fax: 61 3 9712 0511 Papers can be published under any of the Mobile: 0417 580 507 following content areas: Email: [email protected] Environmental Health Vol. 1 No. 3 2001 5 6 Environmental Health Vol. 1 No. 3 2001 CONTENTS EDITORIAL Heather Gardner........................................................................................................................................................................................9 ARTICLES RESEARCH AND THEORY The Assessment of the Impact of Air Pollution on Daily Mortality and Morbidity in Australian Cities: Description of a Study R.W. Simpson, G.William, A. Petroeschevsky, L. Denison, A. Hinwood, G. Morgan and G. Neville..................................................................................................................................................................13 Application of Lung Deposition Model in Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Nasrin R. Khalili and Salimol Thomas........................................................................................................................................18 Environmental Health Challenges in a Developing Country: Mozambique - A Literature Review Melissa Stoneham and Maria Hauengue...............................................................................................................................32 Health and Wellbeing in the School Community Environment: Evidence for the Effectiveness of a Health Promoting Schools Approach Dru Carlsson, Fiona Rowe and Donald Stewart..................................................................................................................40 PRACTICE,POLICY AND LAW Domestic Drinking Water in Rural Areas: Are Water Tanks on Farms a Health Hazard? Glenda Verrinder and Helen Keleher..........................................................................................................................................51 Assessing the Microbial Health Risks of Tank Rainwater Used for Drinking Water Greg Simmons, Jane Heyworth and Miroslava Rimajova...............................................................................................57