DOCSLIB.ORG

In- Secta, Neuroptera, Nymphidae) from the Crato Formation of Brazil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In- Secta, Neuroptera, Nymphidae) from the Crato Formation of Brazil View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisinos (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos): SEER Unisinos Menon, Martins-Neto & Martill 1(1):11-15, jan/jun 2005 @ Copyright 2005 by Unisinos A new Lower Cretaceous Nymphid (In- secta, Neuroptera, Nymphidae) from the Crato Formation of Brazil Federica Menon, Rafael G. Martins-Neto, David M. Martill Department of Earth Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Paleoartropodologia–SBPr. Rua Arnaldo Victaliano, 150 apto 81, Jdm Palma Travassos, 14091-220-Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brasil. [email protected] School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, England, PO1 3QL. [email protected] ABSTRACT The family Nymphidae Rambur 1842 (Neuroptera) has only recently been recorded from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Chapada do Araripe, northeast Brazil, with three new genera and species. The new, exceptionally preserved nymphid Araripenymphes seldeni n. gen. et sp., comes from the Nova Olinda Member, basal unit of the Crato Formation. The new species shows some unique characteristics in wing venation, such as the cubital area, number of radial cells and RP branches, not shared by the other known genera. Key words: Araripe Basin, fossil, lacewing, Brazil, new genus and species RESUMO A Família Nymphidae Rambur 1842 (Neuroptera) foi recentemente registrada para a Formação Crato (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil, com três gêneros monotípicos. Um novo neuróptero, excepcionalmente preservado, Araripenymphes seldeni n. gen. et sp. é aqui proposto e descrito. O material é proveniente do nível de calcário laminado do Membro Nova Olinda, unidade inferior da Formação Crato. As relações morfológicas e diferenças na venação alar entre outros gêneros brasileiros e mesozóicos, também são discutidas. Palavras-chave: insetos fósseis, Neuroptera, Nymphidae, Formação Crato, Cretáceo Inferior, Bacia do Araripe. INTRODUCTION Psychopsidae, Berothidae, Sisyridae, laminated Plattenkalks, which are quarried Roeslerianaridae, Paleoleontidae, for the building industry. The Member The earliest fossil lacewings Ascalaphidae, Allopteridae and bears one of the most impressive arthro- (Neuroptera) occur in early Permian strata Nemopteridae (Martins-Neto, 1990a, b, pod (mainly insect) fossil faunas in the of Eastern Europe and North America. 1994, 1997, 2001, 2002; Martins-Neto and world. Insects, arachnids, crustaceans and The oldest described specimen is from Vulcano, 1989a, b, c, 1990a, b, 1997). De- myriapods are associated with a high di- the Artinskian of Kansas (Carpenter, spite being widespread records of versity of plants (including angiosperms), 1976); but the group becomes more wide- Nymphidae in the Cretaceous of Brazil frogs, turtles, lizards, pterosaurs, rare spread by the late Permian where it are rather recent and only three genera and feathers and the fish Dastilbe. Other fish achieves a Worldwide distribution species have been described (Martins- species also occur. The fossil assemblage (Rasnitsyn and Quicke, 2002). Most Cre- Neto, 2004). is representative of a mainly terrestrial eco- taceous forms are insects with broad The Crato Formation is one of the system; even the aquatic forms, such as wings, narrow at the base and very rich in sedimentary units of the Araripe Basin in insect larvae and freshwater bugs, are venation. Most characteristic of this pe- northeast Brazil (Martill, 1993, Figure 1). thought to be allochtonous (Martill, 1993; riod are the Neuropteran assemblages Its base sits on top of older formations, Grimaldi, 1990) and were probably intro- found in Chinese and Russian sites largely the fluvial sediments of the Rio duced by periodic floods of rivers or by (Rasnitsyn and Quicke, 2002), and the Batateiras Formation. It consists of a se- the wind. Animals and plants would have Myrmeleontoidea fauna of the Araripe quence of laminated, organic-rich lime- been quickly buried, in the anoxic and/or Basin in Brazil (Martins-Neto, 2000). The stones with important outcrops around hyper saline lake bottom. The new speci- latter includes species belonging to the the towns of Crato and Nova Olinda. men comes from the Nova Olinda Mem- Myrmeleontidae, Araripeneuridae, The lowermost unit, the Nova Olinda ber, but its exact provenance is unknown. It Babinskaiidae, Nymphidae, Chrysopidae, Member, is a sequence of millimetre-scale is likely that it comes from one of the small volume 1, número 1, janeiro/junho de 2005 11 Art02_novo.pmd 11 14/07/2005, 16:04 A new Lower Cretaceous nymphid (Insecta, Neuroptera, Nymphidae) from the Crato Formation of Brazil Figure 1. Outline of the Araripe Basin; outcrop of the Crato Formation shown in bold (after Martill, 1993). quarries near Nova Olinda, Ceará State. The posterior radial; MA: anterior median; Araripenymphes gen. nov. specimen is deposited in the collection of MP: posterior median; CuA: anterior the Sociedade Brasileira de cubital; CuP: posterior cubital; Cr: radial Etymology. Araripe from the Chapada do Paleoartropodologia (SBPr –I–2365), São cells; AcS: subcostal area; Ap: posterior Araripe where it was found; nymphes, de- Paulo. anal vein; h: hipostigmal cell; ac costal rived from the family name Nymphidae. area. All measurements are in milimeter. Type species. Araripenymphes seldeni n. sp., MATERIAL AND METHODS designated here. SYSTEMATIC Diagnosis. Fore wing with costal area no- The lacewing occurs on a slab of typi- PALAEONTOLOGY tably narrow at wing base. RP with at least cal laminated limestone, preserved as a 16 branches, and 17 cr.; hispostigmal cell (h) limonitic replacement after pyrite (Martill, Order NEUROPTERA Linnaeus, 1758 long and narrow; RP origin close to the wing 1995), with the typical orange/brown Family NYMPHIDAE Rambur, 1842 base. MP1 distally fused to MA and RP16; colour of these fossils. Local workers CuP is long, distally fused with MP2+CuA made an initial preparation of the speci- Comments. Insects belonging to this fam- Etymology. after Dr Paul Selden of the men on site, and preparation was subse- ily, as well as Osmylidae, Polystoechotidae University of Manchester. quently completed in the Palaeontology and Myrmeleontidae, have the typical Diagnosis. as for genus Research Laboratory of the University of ‘osmylid-like’ wing venation: medium Holotype. SBPr–I–2365, held in Manchester using an aeroneedle (Selden, size, Sc and RA fused apically and numer- Sociedade Brasileira de 2003). Not all the sediment surrounding ous pectinate branches of RP (Lambkin, Paleoartropodologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, the fossil could be removed without 1988). The distinguishing features of Brazil. damaging the fossil. Drawings were made Nymphidae are the absence of the oblique Type locality. Nova-Olinda, Ceará, Bra- with a camera lucida attached to an vein, the small veinlet between MP1 and zil. Olympus SZH stereomicroscope, and MP2, and the presence of at least one basal Stratum typicum. Nova Olinda Mem- digital photographs were taken with a Sony subcostal cross vein, usually accompanied ber, lower unit of Crato Formation, DCS-717 camera at 2560 ´ 1920 pixel reso- by numerous others: MP forked near wing Araripe Basin. Lower Cretaceous (Upper lution. base or simple, origin of R near wing base Aptian). The wing venation terminology used and anal field small; in the hind wings the Description. Adult Neuroptera. Head in the text and figures follows Martins- origin of R close to the base or more dis- wider (2.5) than long (1.5). Eyes large Neto (2000): RA: anterior radial; RP: tally placed. (0.5), prominent, situated laterally and 12 Art02_novo.pmd 12 14/07/2005, 16:04 Menon, Martins-Neto & Martill Figure 2. Araripenymphes seldeni n. gen. et sp., Figure 3. Araripenymphes seldeni gen. et sp. n. forewing venation reconstructed from right forewing. hindwing venation, reconstructed form left hindwing. Many cross-veins in the marginal and costal area are Distal marginal area not preserved, and some veinlets not preserved. are missing in the anal area. occupying nearly half the width of the head. Antennae long, multisegmented. Prothorax square (1.0 ´ 1.0). Mesothorax + metathorax oval, 4.0 long ´ 2.0 wide. Abdomen stout, composed of nine seg- ments, 14.0 long ´ 1.2 (max.) wide. Forewings 28.0 long, 7.0 wide near mar- gins; hindwings 26.0 long, 5.8 wide near margins. Forewing (Figure 2): oblique vein absent; Sc distally fused to RA; ac narrow near wing base, widening towards wing margin, larger than ar and with numer- ous, apparently non-dichotomous, cross- veins; ASc without cross-veins; origin of RA+RP situated at less than one third of the length from the wing base; cr numer- ous (e”17), the terminal one is long and narrow; 16 branches of RP not all dichoto- mous; sectorial area is consequently very large; origin of MA at approximately one third of wing length; origin of M+CuA situated near wing base; M+CuA subse- quently dichotomizes into MP1 and MP2+CuA level with distal end of first radial cell; MP1 simple, unbranched, joins MA and the last branch of RP at approxi- mately one third of length from wing margin; CuP long, curved, joins MP2+CuA midway along the wing; anal area very small, only one strong, short AP discernible. Hindwing venation less clear; marginal area incompletely preserved (Fig- ure 3). DISCUSSION The preservation of the new neu- Figure 4. Specimen SBPr – I – 2365: holotype of Araripenymphes seldeni gen et ropteran is exceptional (Figure 4). Wing sp. n. Scale bar = 10 mm. volume 1, número 1, janeiro/junho de 2005 13 Art02_novo.pmd 13 14/07/2005, 16:04 A new Lower Cretaceous nymphid (Insecta, Neuroptera, Nymphidae) from the Crato Formation of Brazil venation details are clearly discernible in Manchester) for their comment on the (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formação the right forewing and the left hindwing. manuscript, and Dr Artur Andrade Santana (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Details and characteristics of the body are (DNPM Crato) for assistance with field- Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China
    European Journal of Taxonomy 733: 146–159 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1229 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2021 · Zheng Y. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:043C9407-7E8A-4E8F-9441-6FC43E5A596E New fossil records of Xyelidae (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China Yan ZHENG 1,*, Haiyan HU 2, Dong CHEN 3, Jun CHEN 4, Haichun ZHANG 5 & Alexandr P. RASNITSYN 6,* 1,4 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Shuangling Rd., Linyi 276000, China. 1,4,5 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China. 2 School of Agronomy and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Techonoly, Jinguang Road, Shouguang, 262700, China. 3 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China. 6 Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647, Russia. 6 Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. * Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 5 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:28EB8D72-5909-4435-B0F2-0A48A5174CF9 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:91B2FB61-31A9-449B-A949-7AE9EFD69F56 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:51D01636-EB69-4100-B5F6-329235EB5C52 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:8BAB244F-8248-45C6-B31E-6B9F48962055 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:18A0B9F9-537A-46EF-B745-3942F6A5AB58 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E7277CAB-3892-49D4-8A5D-647B4A342C13 Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
    Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • (Neuroptera) from the Upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa Amber, Northern Siberia
    Cretaceous Research 93 (2019) 107e113 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Short communication New Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) from the upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa amber, northern Siberia * Vladimir N. Makarkin a, Evgeny E. Perkovsky b, a Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia b Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel'nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine article info abstract Article history: Libanoconis siberica sp. nov. and two specimens of uncertain affinities (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) are Received 28 April 2018 described from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Cenomanian) Nizhnyaya Agapa amber, northern Siberia. Received in revised form The new species is distinguished from L. fadiacra (Whalley, 1980) by the position of the crossvein 3r-m 9 August 2018 being at a right angle to both RP1 and the anterior trace of M in both wings. The validity of the genus Accepted in revised form 11 September Libanoconis is discussed. It easily differs from all other Aleuropteryginae by a set of plesiomorphic 2018 Available online 15 September 2018 character states. The climatic conditions at high latitudes in the late Cenomanian were favourable enough for this tropical genus, hitherto known from the Gondwanan Lebanese amber. Therefore, the Keywords: record of a species of Libanoconis in northern Siberia is highly likely. © Neuroptera 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Coniopterygidae Aleuropteryginae Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa amber 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods The small-sized neuropteran family Coniopterygidae comprises This study is based on three specimens originally embedded in ca.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chewing to Sucking Via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing Via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera
    Chapter 11 From Chewing to Sucking via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera Dominique Zimmermann, Susanne Randolf, and Ulrike Aspöck Abstract The Neuroptera are highly heterogeneous endopterygote insects. While their relatives Megaloptera and Raphidioptera have biting mouthparts also in their larval stage, the larvae of Neuroptera are characterized by conspicuous sucking jaws that are used to imbibe fluids, mostly the haemolymph of prey. They comprise a mandibular and a maxillary part and can be curved or straight, long or short. In the pupal stages, a transformation from the larval sucking to adult biting and chewing mouthparts takes place. The development during metamorphosis indicates that the larval maxillary stylet contains the Anlagen of different parts of the adult maxilla and that the larval mandibular stylet is a lateral outgrowth of the mandible. The mouth- parts of extant adult Neuroptera are of the biting and chewing functional type, whereas from the Mesozoic era forms with siphonate mouthparts are also known. Various food sources are used in larvae and in particular in adult Neuroptera. Morphological adaptations of the mouthparts of adult Neuroptera to the feeding on honeydew, pollen and arthropods are described in several examples. New hypoth- eses on the diet of adult Nevrorthidae and Dilaridae are presented. 11.1 Introduction The order Neuroptera, comprising about 5820 species (Oswald and Machado 2018), constitutes together with its sister group, the order Megaloptera (about 370 species), and their joint sister group Raphidioptera (about 250 species) the superorder Neuropterida. Neuroptera, formerly called Planipennia, are distributed worldwide and comprise 16 families of extremely heterogeneous insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Autecology and Biology of Nemoptera Sinuata Olivier (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae)
    Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 293–299, 2002 AUTECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF NEMOPTERA SINUATA OLIVIER (NEUROPTERA: NEMOPTERIDAE) A. POPOV National Museum of Natural History, Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1, BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Specimens of Nemoptera sinuata were reared from eggs to second instar larvae in captivity, and observations on imagos were carried out in the Struma Valley, Bulgaria. The adults occur in open sunny places in river gorges and feed only on pollen. They are most active at noon be- tween the middle of May and the end of June. The males occur one week earlier than the fe- males. The eggs are laid directly on the ground, most often in the morning. They are spherical (rare among Neuroptera), white, opaque, with one micropyle. Up to 70 eggs are laid by a fe- male over a period of 10 days. The egg stage usually lasts from 23 to 25 days. The lid is cut off by an eggbreaker during hatching. The newly hatched larvae are 2.0–2.1 mm long, are terricolous and always buried themselves by digging to 1 cm in depth. The larvae rejected liv- ing or freshly killed arthropods, or roots and blossoms of plants. They were only observed to take water and vegetable sap. The longest surviving larva moulted in September (first instar lasts 72 days) and hibernated. It increased in length to5 mm and died in April after being reared for nine months. Key words: Nemoptera sinuata, imaginal ethology, feeding, oviposition, egg, hatching, larva INTRODUCTION Investigations on the autecology and the early stages of Nemoptera sinuata OLIVIER, which are reported here, were carried out more than 30 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Endopterygote Insects, the Most Successful Lineage of Living Organisms*
    REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 96: 237-253, 1999 ISSN 1210-5759 Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms* N iels P. KRISTENSEN Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Insecta, Endopterygota, Holometabola, phylogeny, diversification modes, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleóptera, Strepsiptera, Díptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera Abstract. The monophyly of the Endopterygota is supported primarily by the specialized larva without external wing buds and with degradable eyes, as well as by the quiescence of the last immature (pupal) stage; a specialized morphology of the latter is not an en­ dopterygote groundplan trait. There is weak support for the basal endopterygote splitting event being between a Neuropterida + Co­ leóptera clade and a Mecopterida + Hymenoptera clade; a fully sclerotized sitophore plate in the adult is a newly recognized possible groundplan autapomorphy of the latter. The molecular evidence for a Strepsiptera + Díptera clade is differently interpreted by advo­ cates of parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data, and the morphological evidence for the monophyly of this clade is ambiguous. The basal diversification patterns within the principal endopterygote clades (“orders”) are succinctly reviewed. The truly species-rich clades are almost consistently quite subordinate. The identification of “key innovations” promoting evolution­
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis (PDF, 13.51MB)
    Insects and their endosymbionts: phylogenetics and evolutionary rates Daej A Kh A M Arab The University of Sydney Faculty of Science 2021 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Authorship contribution statement During my doctoral candidature I published as first-author or co-author three stand-alone papers in peer-reviewed, internationally recognised journals. These publications form the three research chapters of this thesis in accordance with The University of Sydney’s policy for doctoral theses. These chapters are linked by the use of the latest phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary techniques for analysing obligate mutualistic endosymbionts and their host mitochondrial genomes to shed light on the evolutionary history of the two partners. Therefore, there is inevitably some repetition between chapters, as they share common themes. In the general introduction and discussion, I use the singular “I” as I am the sole author of these chapters. All other chapters are co-authored and therefore the plural “we” is used, including appendices belonging to these chapters. Part of chapter 2 has been published as: Bourguignon, T., Tang, Q., Ho, S.Y., Juna, F., Wang, Z., Arab, D.A., Cameron, S.L., Walker, J., Rentz, D., Evans, T.A. and Lo, N., 2018. Transoceanic dispersal and plate tectonics shaped global cockroach distributions: evidence from mitochondrial phylogenomics. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(4), pp.970-983. The chapter was reformatted to include additional data and analyses that I undertook towards this paper. My role was in the paper was to sequence samples, assemble mitochondrial genomes, perform phylogenetic analyses, and contribute to the writing of the manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, Western North America
    Zootaxa 3838 (3): 385–391 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7431AB99-1BE8-4A81-97F0-CC341730FEDF An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN1,3 & S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD2 1Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia 2Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The new genus and species Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus gen. et sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A. We preliminarily assign it to the Psychopsidae; however, its venation is unusual within this family, particularly by its pectinate branches of AA1 originating at a steep angle, a character state more suggestive of the Osmylidae. Key words: Neuroptera, Psychopsidae, Osmylidae, Okanagan Highlands Introduction A rich assemblage of fossil Neuroptera has been reported in the last several decades from early Eocene Okanagan Highlands lacustrine shales, recovered from depositional basins scattered across about a thousand kilometers of southern British Columbia, Canada, into Washington State, U.S.A. (Archibald et al. 2011). These include 26 described species, 18 named and a further 8 unnamed, belonging to a diverse suite of families: Ithonidae (including Polystoechotidae), Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Nymphidae and Berothidae (Makarkin & Archibald 2003, 2009, 2013; Makarkin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with Biological Notes
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 4-6-2012 A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes Robert B. Miller Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] Lionel A. Stange Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Miller, Robert B. and Stange, Lionel A., "A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes" (2012). Insecta Mundi. 737. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/737 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0226 A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes Robert B. Miller and Lionel A. Stange Florida State Collection of Arthropods 1911 SW 34th Street Gainesville, Florida, 32608, U.S.A. Date of Issue: April 6, 2012 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Robert B. Miller and Lionel A. Stange A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes Insecta Mundi 0226: 1-8 Published in 2012 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Cretaceous Research 30 (2009) 1325–1338 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes New lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden supergroup of Southern England James E. Jepson a,*, Vladimir N. Makarkin b, Edmund A. Jarzembowski c a School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK b Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation c Maidstone Museum and Bentlif Art Gallery, St Faith’s Street, Maidstone, Kent ME14 1LH, UK article info abstract Article history: Eight new genera and thirteen new species of lacewings (Neuroptera) are described from the Lower Received 5 February 2009 Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup, Weald Sub-basin: Principiala rudgwickensis sp. nov. (Ithonidae), Sten- Accepted in revised form 29 July 2009 omylina medialis gen. et sp. nov., Protosmylina bifasciata gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuropterida of the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England, with a Study on Fossil and Extant Raphidioptera
    NEUROPTERIDA OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHERN ENGLAND, WITH A STUDY ON FOSSIL AND EXTANT RAPHIDIOPTERA A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 JAMES EDWARD JEPSON SCHOOL OF EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES.......................................................................................................................8 TABLES......................................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................14 LAY ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................15 DECLARATION...........................................................................................................16 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT...........................................................................................17 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.................................................................................................18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................19 FRONTISPIECE............................................................................................................20 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................21 1.1. The Project.......................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
    Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Index More information INDEX 12S rDNA, 32, 228, 269 Aenetus, 557 91; general, 57; inclusions, 57; menageries 16S rDNA, 32, 60, 237, 249, 269 Aenigmatiinae, 536 in, 56; Mexican, 55; parasitism in, 57; 18S rDNA, 32, 60, 61, 158, 228, 274, 275, 285, Aenne, 489 preservation in, 58; resinite, 55; sub-fossil 304, 307, 335, 360, 366, 369, 395, 399, 402, Aeolothripidae, 284, 285, 286 resin, 57; symbioses in, 303; taphonomy, 468, 475 Aeshnoidea, 187 57 28S rDNA, 32, 158, 278, 402, 468, 475, 522, 526 African rock crawlers (see Ambermantis wozniaki, 259 Mantophasmatodea) Amblycera, 274, 278 A Afroclinocera, 630 Amblyoponini, 446, 490 aardvark, 638 Agaonidae, 573, 616: fossil, 423 Amblypygida, 99, 104, 105: in amber, 104 abdomen: function, 131; structure, 131–136 Agaoninae, 423 Amborella trichopoda, 613, 620 Abies, 410 Agassiz, Alexander, 26 Ameghinoia, 450, 632 Abrocomophagidae, 274 Agathiphaga, 560 Ameletopsidae, 628 Acacia, 283 Agathiphagidae, 561, 562, 567, 630 American Museum of Natural History, 26, 87, acalyptrate Diptera: ecological diversity, 540; Agathis, 76 91 taxonomy, 540 Agelaia, 439 Amesiginae, 630 Acanthocnemidae, 391 ages, using fossils, 37–39; using DNA, 38–40 ametaboly, 331 Acari, 99, 105–107: diversity, 101, fossils, 53, Ageniellini, 435 amino acids: racemization, 61 105–107; in-Cretaceous amber, 105, 106 Aglaspidida, 99 ammonites, 63, 642 Aceraceae, 413 Aglia, 582 Amorphoscelidae, 254, 257 Acerentomoidea, 113 Agrias, 600 Amphientomidae,
    [Show full text]