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Thalassas 20 Thalassas, 2004, 20 (2): 39-53 An International Journal of Marine Sciences POLYCHAETE ASSEMBLAGES OF INTERTIDAL MIXOHALINE FLATS OF BAHÍA SAMBOROMBÓN (LA PLATA RIVER ESTUARY-ARGENTINA) J. P. MARTIN(1,3), R. BASTIDA(1,2) & M. TRASSENS(1,2) Keywords: polychaete, macrobenthos, tidal flats, estuaries, Bahía Samborombón , La Plata River. ABSTRACT dominated by Laeonereis culveri and presented as secondary species Heteromastus similis, Neanthes During November 1998- December 1999 period, a succinea, Nephtys fluviatilis and Scolecolepides sp.. monthly benthic sample program was carried out along The other assemblage had Laeonereis culveri as the intertidal flats of the southernmost part of Bahía dominant species and Capitella capitata as Samborombón (external zone of La Plata River subdominant member, being secondary species estuary). The main objectives of this study were to Heteromastus similis, Neanthes succinea, Polydora define the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of cornuta and Scolecolepides sp.. The polychaete polychaete species in this mixohaline environment and assemblages of the studied area showed great affinities to determinate the main environmental factors related with other mixohalines coastal areas of Northern with the distribution of these invertebrates. Two low Buenos Aires Province and Southern Brazil diversity faunistic assemblages were identified in the studied area. One of them was related to muddy INTRODUCTION intertidal flats of San Clemente creek, characterized by its high clay and organic matter contents. The other The coasts of the Buenos Aires province are assemblage was related to the sandy bottoms of Punta characterized by two main environments: marine Rasa, an area with a higher marine influence, lower sandy beaches and mixohaline intertidal muddy organic matter content and fine sand as the sediment flats. This last environment is mainly distributed dominant fraction. The first of these assemblages was along La Plata River estuary and Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon. There are also other less important estuarial areas as Bahía Blanca, Quequén Grande and Colorado rivers. (1) Depto. de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 43 (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina, e-mail: [email protected] The mixohaline intertidal flats play an important (2) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas ecological role and are characterized by the presence y Técnicas (CONICET) of muddy-sandy sediments conforming beaches of (3) Centro de Investigaciones de Puerto Deseado, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, low slope. The more extended ones are those present Puerto Deseado, Argentina in the southernmost area of Bahía Samborombón, in 39 J. P. Martin, R. Bastida & M. Trassens the external zone of La Plata River estuary. These Benthic invertebrates of intertidal flats, mainly intertidal flats have low water energy but great polychaetes, are the most important trophic items of variability in relation with physical and chemical many resident and migratory fishes and birds of the factors, and are inhabited by infaunal communities mixohaline environments of the Buenos Aires province. of low diversity (Ieno & Bastida, 1998). Among the In this way, energy is transferred from low trophic levels few faunistic groups that conform these to higher ones (Olivier et al., 1972b; Ieno, 2000; Martin, communities it can be mentioned decapods 2002), being the top predators of Bahía Samborombón crustaceans and polychaetes. several marine mammal species (Rodriguez et al., 2002). These infaunal organisms exert also an important The first mixohaline polychaete studies of influence in the substratum characteristics through their Argentina were carried out in Mar Chiquita coastal biological actions, mainly related with sediment lagoon by Olivier et al. (l972 a, 1972 b), and followed particles transport and organic matter transformation by Ieno & Elías (1995), Schwindt & Iribarne (2000), (Palomo & Iribarne, 2000; Martin, 2002). Palomo & Iribarne (2000), among others. The coastal polychaetes of Bahía Blanca were studied by Elías Based on these aspects the main objectives of this (1992a, 1992b), Elías & Ieno (1993) and Elías & study were to characterize the temporal and spatial Bremec (1994). More recently, polychaete distribution pattern of polychaete fauna of the communities of Río Quequén estuary were studied by intertidal flats of Bahía Sambombón, and to know its López Gappa et al. (2001). relation with several environmental parameters. Figure 1. Study area and sampling stations. 40 Polychaete A ssemblages of Intertidal Mixohaline Flats of Bahía Samborombón (La Plata River Estuary-Argentina) MATERIALS AND METHODS water influence. The studied zone can be classified as a typical mixohaline (oligohaline and polihaline) Study area environment (Urien, 1972). La Plata River estuary, together with its oceanic Sample collection and analysis front, forms a wide ecosystem or "ecosystem complex" of great ecological significance, probably one of the Between November 1998 and December 1999 a main natural phenomena that regulate, together with monthly sample program was developed in the the Malvinas-Falklands and Brazil currents, the intertidal flats of the southernmost sector of Bahía general dynamics and biological production of the Samborombón. Four sampling stations were Argentine biogeographical province (Ieno & Bastida, established at different intertidal levels of the San 1998). The present study was conducted in the external Clemente creek (36º 19' 30" S; 56º 46' 30" W) and sector of La Plata River estuary at the extreme Punta Rasa (36º 20' S; 56º 45' W): stations SC1 and southeastern section of Bahía Samborombón, in the SC2 correspond to the higher and lower levels of the estuarine zone located between Punta Rasa and San intertidal zone of San Clemente creek, and stations Clemente harbor (Fig. 1). PR1 and PR2 correspond to the same levels at Punta Rasa (Fig. 1). The studies were carried out in an environment characterized by soft bottoms of fine sediments with One sample and two replicates were obtained at high percentage of mud and organic matter. In the each station during low tide, with a 12 cm diameter southern tip of Bahía Samborombón there is a sandy core to a depth of 30 cm. The invertebrates were coastal bar, oriented NW, known as Punta Rasa. This separated from the sediments using different mesh size formation is generated as a result of the coastal drift, sieves. The first 10 centimeters of the sediment core and in its internal bay margin, there is an important were sieved in the laboratory under stereoscopic sector dominated by intertidal flats. These are microscope using a mesh of 0.1mm that allowed to characterized by fine sand sediments, over which retain both macro and meiobenthos organisms. The important mud sedimentation processes takes place rest of the sediment core was sieved in the laboratory due to the low water energy of the environment and using a 0.5mm mesh. All benthic organisms were fixed the great extension of the very low slope beach in 10% formalin neutralized solution, and some (lower than 0,4%, according to Bértola & Morosi, polychaetes were preserved afterwards in 70% ethanol. 1997). All organisms were identified to species level and counted (Holme & Mc Intyre, 1984). The margins and bottom of the tidal creeks that flow into Bahía Samborombón are mainly dominated Simultaneously, a seasonal sampling was carried by silt and clay sediments. The dominant vegetation of out in the intertidal level of San Clemente creek this mixohaline marsh area is composed of Spartina (stations SC2, SC3 and SC4) and Punta Rasa (stations densiflora Brong, Spartina densiflora Loisel, PR1, PR2 and PR3) (Fig. 1). During each sampling, Salicornia ambigua Michaux and Scirpus sp., while sediments were also obtained for granulometric the most conspicuous invertebrate is the mud crab studies, organic matter content and depth of the redox Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 who makes big layer determination. In all of them, standard burrows in the soft bottom sediments (Botto & sedimentological methods were used (Ingram, 1971; Irigoyen, 1979; Ieno & Bastida, 1998). Galehouse, 1971). Sediment fractions were classified using the Wentworth (1922) scale, and the The tidal amplitude is below 2 meters, with spring granulometric parameters considered were mean grain tides between 0.37 and 1.46 m and ebb tides between size (Mz) in phi units (- log2 of grain diameter) and the 0.58 and 1.25 m (Bértola & Ferrante, 1996). standard deviation (Sd), which indicates the selection Superficial water temperature ranges from 9 to 25° C, grade of the sediment. Organic matter determinations while the salinity ranges between 0.5 and 25 ‰, were based on the oxidation method proposed by depending of the tidal level and the fresh and marine Walkley & Black (1965). 41 J. P. Martin, R. Bastida & M. Trassens During monthly sampling, other data was also was composed by fine sands (5 to 30%) and medium obtained as: air, water and sediment temperature; water sands (0.3 to 2.5%) (Table 1). and interstitial sediment salinity. Both parameters were obtained in-situ using a digital thermometer and a The mean grain size (Mz.) varied between 7 and 9 pocket refractometer. phi, while high values in standard deviation of the sediment (Sd. 1 to 2.7) indicated a poor selection. No Statistical analysis seasonal significant differences were observed in granulometric values of sediments, indicating that the Polychaete abundance and density variations
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