Hubble Space Telescope
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Historian Corner
Historian Corner - Low Earth Orbit (roughly circular orbit) By Barb Sande - Perigee: 537.0 km (333.7 miles) [email protected] - Apogee: 540.9 km (336.1 miles) - Inclination: 28.47 degrees - Period: 95.42 minutes ANNOUNCEMENT: MARK YOUR CALENDARS!!! HST Mission: th The Titan Panel Discussion in honor of the 15 - On-going optical (near-infrared to UV wavelength) anniversary of the end of the program has been astronomical observations of the universe scheduled for Thursday, October 15 from 1:00 to 3:00 - End of HST mission estimated to be 2030-2040 pm MDT via a Zoom teleconference (virtual panel). - Estimated costs of the HST program (including There are ten volunteers currently enlisted to participate replacement instruments and five servicing missions) in the panel, including Norm Fox, Bob Hansen, Ken = ~ $10 billion – does not include on-going science Zitek, Ralph Mueller, Larry Perkins, Dave Giere, Dennis Connection to Lockheed Martin: Brown, Jack Kimpton, Fred Luhmann, and Samuel - Lockheed Sunnyvale built and integrated the main Lukens. If you want to call into the panel discussion to HST spacecraft and systems hear the roundtable, please RSVP to me at the email - Martin Marietta/Lockheed Martin provided six above (emails only for RSVP, no phone calls). There are external tanks and associated subsystems for the limitations to Zoom attendance for meetings. The shuttle launches supporting the HST program. details of the meeting will be emailed to the attendees - at a later date (Zoom link). Program Profile This 2020 Q3 issue profiles the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in honor of its 30th anniversary in orbit. -
The Reflecting Telescope
The Reflecting Telescope Lens telescopes exist since 1609 when the Dutch maker of The optical properties data of the AstroMedia* reflecting tel- spectacles, Jan Lippershey, sold the first telescopes, then as escope roughly correspond to those of the first instrument a curiosity, to his astonished customers. It was made out of a built by Newton. The mirror has a focal length f=450mm (”f” concave and a convex lens, produced an upright standing from the Latin ”focus” is the abbreviation of focal length). It’s image and had a 3 1/2 times magnification. Galileo Galilei curve is spherical, i.e. is has the same round surface as a (1564-1642) improved on this invention and was the first to globe. make astronomical observations with it. Today almost A spherical concave mirror has one disadvantage: the all lens telescopes are built according to the prin- light rays reflected from the edge meet a little nearer ciples of Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). His tel- to the mirror than those reflected from the centre, escope, based on two convex lenses, produced causing a slight focus distortion. However, since an upside down but much bigger and better this distortion is is not grave and such mirrors focused image which of course for observing are relatively easy to grind, they are neverthe- the heavens are the most important factors. less used in smaller telescopes. In telescopes Building larger telescopes however with larger openings and stronger mag- brings two problems with it: Firstly, nification mirrors with parabolic curves in a lens the light rays are broken, are used. -
Telescopes and Binoculars
Continuing Education Course Approved by the American Board of Opticianry Telescopes and Binoculars National Academy of Opticianry 8401 Corporate Drive #605 Landover, MD 20785 800-229-4828 phone 301-577-3880 fax www.nao.org Copyright© 2015 by the National Academy of Opticianry. All rights reserved. No part of this text may be reproduced without permission in writing from the publisher. 2 National Academy of Opticianry PREFACE: This continuing education course was prepared under the auspices of the National Academy of Opticianry and is designed to be convenient, cost effective and practical for the Optician. The skills and knowledge required to practice the profession of Opticianry will continue to change in the future as advances in technology are applied to the eye care specialty. Higher rates of obsolescence will result in an increased tempo of change as well as knowledge to meet these changes. The National Academy of Opticianry recognizes the need to provide a Continuing Education Program for all Opticians. This course has been developed as a part of the overall program to enable Opticians to develop and improve their technical knowledge and skills in their chosen profession. The National Academy of Opticianry INSTRUCTIONS: Read and study the material. After you feel that you understand the material thoroughly take the test following the instructions given at the beginning of the test. Upon completion of the test, mail the answer sheet to the National Academy of Opticianry, 8401 Corporate Drive, Suite 605, Landover, Maryland 20785 or fax it to 301-577-3880. Be sure you complete the evaluation form on the answer sheet. -
Find Your Telescope. Your Find Find Yourself
FIND YOUR TELESCOPE. FIND YOURSELF. FIND ® 2008 PRODUCT CATALOG WWW.MEADE.COM TABLE OF CONTENTS TELESCOPE SECTIONS ETX ® Series 2 LightBridge ™ (Truss-Tube Dobsonians) 20 LXD75 ™ Series 30 LX90-ACF ™ Series 50 LX200-ACF ™ Series 62 LX400-ACF ™ Series 78 Max Mount™ 88 Series 5000 ™ ED APO Refractors 100 A and DS-2000 Series 108 EXHIBITS 1 - AutoStar® 13 2 - AutoAlign ™ with SmartFinder™ 15 3 - Optical Systems 45 FIND YOUR TELESCOPE. 4 - Aperture 57 5 - UHTC™ 68 FIND YOURSEL F. 6 - Slew Speed 69 7 - AutoStar® II 86 8 - Oversized Primary Mirrors 87 9 - Advanced Pointing and Tracking 92 10 - Electronic Focus and Collimation 93 ACCESSORIES Imagers (LPI,™ DSI, DSI II) 116 Series 5000 ™ Eyepieces 130 Series 4000 ™ Eyepieces 132 Series 4000 ™ Filters 134 Accessory Kits 136 Imaging Accessories 138 Miscellaneous Accessories 140 Meade Optical Advantage 128 Meade 4M Community 124 Astrophotography Index/Information 145 ©2007 MEADE INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION .01 RECRUIT .02 ENTHUSIAST .03 HOT ShOT .04 FANatIC Starting out right Going big on a budget Budding astrophotographer Going deeper .05 MASTER .06 GURU .07 SPECIALIST .08 ECONOMIST Expert astronomer Dedicated astronomer Wide field views & images On a budget F IND Y OURSEL F F IND YOUR TELESCOPE ® ™ ™ .01 ETX .02 LIGHTBRIDGE™ .03 LXD75 .04 LX90-ACF PG. 2-19 PG. 20-29 PG.30-43 PG. 50-61 ™ ™ ™ .05 LX200-ACF .06 LX400-ACF .07 SERIES 5000™ ED APO .08 A/DS-2000 SERIES PG. 78-99 PG. 100-105 PG. 108-115 PG. 62-76 F IND Y OURSEL F Astronomy is for everyone. That’s not to say everyone will become a serious comet hunter or astrophotographer. -
Solar System Solar System
Delta Science Reader SolarSolar SystemSystem Delta Science Readers are nonfiction student books that provide science background and support the experiences of hands-on activities. Every Delta Science Reader has three main sections: Think About . , People in Science, and Did You Know? Be sure to preview the reader Overview Chart on page 4, the reader itself, and the teaching suggestions on the following pages. This information will help you determine how to plan your schedule for reader selections and activity sessions. Reading for information is a key literacy skill. Use the following ideas as appropriate for your teaching style and the needs of your students. The After Reading section includes an assessment and writing links. OVERVIEW Students will: discover facts about the Solar System In the Delta Science Reader Solar System, students take a tour of the Sun and the explore the planets and other objects in the planets. Other space objects such as dwarf Solar System planets, comets, asteroids, and meteoroids discuss the function of a table of contents, are explored. Students read about the headings, and a glossary rotation and revolution of the planets and interpret photographs and graphics to the causes of night and day, seasonal answer questions changes, and the phases of the Moon. The book describes the work of a planetary complete a KWL chart geologist. In addition, students discover organize information in a variety of ways how telescopes work. delta science modules Solar System 119 © Delta Education LLC. All rights reserved. -
First Telescope Purchase
Recommendation Report: First Telescope Purchase Purchasing a telescope can be very confusing for a person who is new to astronomy. This reports provides a comparison of entry-level telescopes for the amateur astronomer and recommends a specific type of telescope for the typical beginning astronomer. This report will focus on different types of telescopes, and not on specific brands. In addition to comparing several different types of telescopes, this report also compares different telescope mounts. Note: This report was prepared for the Austin Telescope Society, which is a non-profit organization dedicated to the enjoyment of astronomy and the education of the public about astronomy. Many people interested in astronomy waste money on a telescope of poor quality. A telescope in a department store may advertise that it can magnify several hundred times; however, the user is often disappointed when the image is dim, shaky, and hazy. To help avoid this confusion, it is important that the beginning astronomer understand the advantages and disadvantages of various types of telescopes. It is vitally important that the telescope have high quality optics and a sturdy mount. No extra gadgets and frills will help a telescope that has poor optics. Definition of Terms Before the actual comparison report, it is vital that several common terms are defined. The following terms must be understood before proceeding with this comparison: • Alt-azimuth mount. A type of telescope mount that moves in two directions: altitude and azimuth. This is the type of motion best illustrated by a cannon. It can be moved up or down, or rotated left or right. -
Will the Real Monster Black Hole Please Stand Up? 8 January 2015
Will the real monster black hole please stand up? 8 January 2015 how the merging of galaxies can trigger black holes to start feeding, an important step in the evolution of galaxies. "When galaxies collide, gas is sloshed around and driven into their respective nuclei, fueling the growth of black holes and the formation of stars," said Andrew Ptak of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, lead author of a The real monster black hole is revealed in this new new study accepted for publication in the image from NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Astrophysical Journal. "We want to understand the Array of colliding galaxies Arp 299. In the center panel, mechanisms that trigger the black holes to turn on the NuSTAR high-energy X-ray data appear in various and start consuming the gas." colors overlaid on a visible-light image from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The panel on the left shows NuSTAR is the first telescope capable of the NuSTAR data alone, while the visible-light image is pinpointing where high-energy X-rays are coming on the far right. Before NuSTAR, astronomers knew that the each of the two galaxies in Arp 299 held a from in the tangled galaxies of Arp 299. Previous supermassive black hole at its heart, but they weren't observations from other telescopes, including sure if one or both were actively chomping on gas in a NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the process called accretion. The new high-energy X-ray European Space Agency's XMM-Newton, which data reveal that the supermassive black hole in the detect lower-energy X-rays, had indicated the galaxy on the right is indeed the hungry one, releasing presence of active supermassive black holes in Arp energetic X-rays as it consumes gas. -
The Most Dangerous Ieos in STEREO
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 6, EPSC-DPS2011-682, 2011 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 c Author(s) 2011 The most dangerous IEOs in STEREO C. Fuentes (1), D. Trilling (1) and M. Knight (2) (1) Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA, (2) Lowell Observatory, Arizona, USA ([email protected]) Abstract (STEREO-B) which view the Sun-Earth line using a suite of telescopes. Each spacecraft moves away 1 from the Earth at a rate of 22.5◦ year− (Figure 1). IEOs (inner Earth objects or interior Earth objects) are ∼ potentially the most dangerous near Earth small body Our search for IEOs utilizes the Heliospheric Imager population. Their study is complicated by the fact the 1 instruments on each spacecraft (HI1A and HI1B). population spends all of its time inside the orbit of The HI1s are centered 13.98◦ from the Sun along the the Earth, giving ground-based telescopes a small win- Earth-Sun line with a square field of view 20 ◦ wide, 1 dow to observe them. We introduce STEREO (Solar a resolution of 70 arcsec pixel− , and a bandpass of TErrestrial RElations Observatory) and its 5 years of 630—730 nm [3]. Images are taken every 40 minutes, archival data as our best chance of studying the IEO providing a nearly continuous view of the inner solar population and discovering possible impactor threats system since early 2007. The nominal visual limit- ing magnitude of HI1 is 13, although the sensitivity to Earth. ∼ We show that in our current search for IEOs in varies somewhat with solar elongation, and asteroids STEREO data we are capable of detecting and char- fainter than 13 can be seen near the outer edges. -
NASA Program & Budget Update
NASA Update AAAC Meeting | June 15, 2020 Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @PHertzNASA Outline • Celebrate Accomplishments § Science Highlights § Mission Milestones • Committed to Improving § Inspiring Future Leaders, Fellowships § R&A Initiative: Dual Anonymous Peer Review • Research Program Update § Research & Analysis § ROSES-2020 Updates, including COVID-19 impacts • Missions Program Update § COVID-19 impact § Operating Missions § Webb, Roman, Explorers • Planning for the Future § FY21 Budget Request § Project Artemis § Creating the Future 2 NASA Astrophysics Celebrate Accomplishments 3 SCIENCE Exoplanet Apparently Disappears HIGHLIGHT in the Latest Hubble Observations Released: April 20, 2020 • What do astronomers do when a planet they are studying suddenly seems to disappear from sight? o A team of researchers believe a full-grown planet never existed in the first place. o The missing-in-action planet was last seen orbiting the star Fomalhaut, just 25 light-years away. • Instead, researchers concluded that the Hubble Space Telescope was looking at an expanding cloud of very fine dust particles from two icy bodies that smashed into each other. • Hubble came along too late to witness the suspected collision, but may have captured its aftermath. o This happened in 2008, when astronomers announced that Hubble took its first image of a planet orbiting another star. Caption o The diminutive-looking object appeared as a dot next to a vast ring of icy debris encircling Fomalhaut. • Unlike other directly imaged exoplanets, however, nagging Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Gáspár and G. Rieke (University of Arizona) puzzles arose with Fomalhaut b early on. Caption: This diagram simulates what astronomers, studying Hubble Space o The object was unusually bright in visible light, but did not Telescope observations, taken over several years, consider evidence for the have any detectable infrared heat signature. -
Cosmic Evolution Through Uv Surveys (Cetus) Final Report
COSMIC EVOLUTION THROUGH UV SURVEYS (CETUS) FINAL REPORT Thematic Activity: Project (probe mission concept) Program: Electromagnetic observations from space Authors of Final Report: Jonathan Arenberg, Northrop Grumman Corporation Sally Heap, Univ. of Maryland, [email protected] Tony Hull, Univ. of New Mexico Steve Kendrick, Kendrick Aerospace Consulting LLC Bob Woodruff, Woodruff Consulting Scientific Contributors: Maarten Baes, Rachel Bezanson, Luciana Bianchi, David Bowen, Brad Cenko, Yi-Kuan Chiang, Rachel Cochrane, Mike Corcoran, Paul Crowther, Simon Driver, Bill Danchi, Eli Dwek, Brian Fleming, Kevin France, Pradip Gatkine, Suvi Gezari, Lea Hagen, Chris Hayward, Matthew Hayes, Tim Heckman, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Alexander Kutyrev, Thierry Lanz, John MacKenty, Steve McCandliss, Harvey Moseley, Coralie Neiner, Goren Östlin, Camilla Pacifici, Marc Rafelski, Bernie Rauscher, Jane Rigby, Ian Roederer, David Spergel, Dan Stark, Alexander Szalay, Bryan Terrazas, Jonathan Trump, Arjun van der Wel, Sylvain Veilleux, Kate Whitaker, Isak Wold, Rosemary Wyse Technical Contributors: Jim Burge, Kelly Dodson, Chip Eckles, Brian Fleming, Jamie Kennea, Gerry Lemson, John MacKenty, Steve McCandliss, Greg Mehle, Shouleh Nikzad, Trent Newswander, Lloyd Purves, Manuel Quijada, Ossy Siegmund, Dave Sheikh, Phil Stahl, Ani Thakar, John Vallerga, Marty Valente, the Goddard IDC/MDL. September 2019 Cosmic Evolution Through UV Surveys (CETUS) TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO CETUS ................................................................................................................ -
Prelude To, and Nature of the Space Photometry Revolution
EPJ Web of Conferences 101, 0001(0 2015) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20151010000 1 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2015 Prelude to, and Nature of the Space Photometry Revolution Ronald L. Gilliland1,a Space Telescope Science Institute and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA Abstract. It is now less than a decade since CoRoT initiated the space photometry revo- lution with breakthrough discoveries, and five years since Kepler started a series of similar advances. I’ll set the context for this revolution noting the status of asteroseismology and exoplanet discovery as it was 15-25 years ago in order to give perspective on why it is not mere hyperbole to claim CoRoT and Kepler fostered a revolution in our sciences. Primary events setting up the revolution will be recounted. I’ll continue with noting the major discoveries in hand, and how asteroseismology and exoplanet studies, and indeed our approach to doing science, have been forever changed thanks to these spectacular missions. 1 Introduction I would like to start by thanking Rafa Garcia, Jer´ omeˆ Ballot and the Science Organizing Committee for inviting me to give the introductory talk at this conference. It is a great honor for me to do so. Of course we’re here to discuss the results that come from CoRoT and Kepler; these were French and American missions respectively with Annie Baglin as the PI for CoRoT and Bill Borucki as the PI for Kepler. -
A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography National Aeronautics and Space Administration A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography Dr. Sten Odenwald NASA Space Science Education Consortium Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Cover designs and editing by Abbey Interrante Cover illustrations Front: Aurora (Elizabeth Macdonald), moon (Spencer Collins), star trails (Donald Noor), Orion nebula (Christian Harris), solar eclipse (Christopher Jones), Milky Way (Shun-Chia Yang), satellite streaks (Stanislav Kaniansky),sunspot (Michael Seeboerger-Weichselbaum),sun dogs (Billy Heather). Back: Milky Way (Gabriel Clark) Two front cover designs are provided with this book. To conserve toner, begin document printing with the second cover. This product is supported by NASA under cooperative agreement number NNH15ZDA004C. [1] Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 5 How to use this book ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.0 Light Pollution ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.0 Cameras ................................................................................................................................................