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The Buddha's Wager by Piya Tan
Revisioning Buddhism ©Piya Tan, 2017 The Buddha’s wager1 The Buddha always holds the Dharma first, as evident from the Gārava Sutta (S 6.2),2 which records one of the first key events in the Buddha’s life after the great awakening. In the Mahā,- parinibbāna Sutta (D 16),3 which records his last moments, too, the Buddha declares that the Dharma comes first, before the teacher. However, against the Buddha’s clear instructions, other Buddhist sectarians and later teachers put their Sutras and Teachings first. Such disregard from the Buddha arises from various reasons and conditions, but basically it was (and is) on account of desire for worldly gains and following, for putting down rivalry and dissent, and the influence of worldly conditions and other religions. The Buddha does not make such vital statements frivolously or as an option that we may dis- regard. He has very good reasons for giving us such initial and final instructions. To remind ourselves of the vitality of these instructions we will call them the “Buddha’s wager.” This wager or challenge can be simply put like this: The Buddha holds Dharma above himself. Buddha or no Buddha, Dharma is always there. The later sectarian Buddhist teachers place their Sutras and Teachings first. Without these gurus’ Sutras and Teachings, there are no later Buddhist sects. We don’t need the later Buddhist sects, and can and must go directly to the Dharma. Here, I think, is an almost infallible test for the authenticity of the historical Buddha’s teaching or the Buddha Dharma, the teaching of awakening. -
The Role of Puñña and Kusala in the Dialectic of the Twofold Right Vision and the Temporary Integration of Eternalism in the P
The Role of puñña and kusala in the Dialectic of the Twofold Right Vision and the Temporary Integration of Eternalism in the Path Towards Spiritual Emancipation According to the Pāli Nikāya s Krishna Del Toso Esercizi Filosofici 3, 2008, pp. 32-58 ISSN 1970-0164 THE ROLE OF PUÑÑA AND KUSALA IN THE DIALECTIC OF THE TWOFOLD RIGHT VISION AND THE TEMPORARY INTEGRATION OF ETERNALISM IN THE PATH TOWARDS SPIRITUAL EMANCIPATION ∗ ACCORDING TO THE PĀLI NIKĀYA S Krishna Del Toso …a motto adopted from one of Salvor Hardin’s epigrams, “ever let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right!” Isaac Asimov 1 Abstract : This article shows how in the Pāli Nikāya s, after having defined Eternalism and Nihilism as two opposed positions, Gotama makes a dialectical use of Eternalism as means to eliminate Nihilism, upheld to be the worst point of view because of its denial of kammic maturation in terms of puñña and pāpa . Assuming, from an Eternalist perspective, that actions have effects also beyond the present life, Gotama underlines the necessity of betting on the validity of moral kammic retribution. Having thus demonstrated the central ethical error of Nihilism, he subtly introduces peculiar Buddhist moral concepts ( kusala/akusala ) to purify the Eternalist vision from the doctrine of a real existing self ( attāvāda ) and from the puñña /pāpa dichotomy. We can summarize this dialectical course as follows: Nihilism is pāpa /akusala because it denies kamman , Eternalism is puñña /not-akusala because it upholds kamman from a non-Buddhist perspective, Buddhism is kusala because it admits the law of kamman not centered on a theory of a real existing self (anattāvāda ). -
4.35 B.A. /M.A. 5 Years Integrated Course in Pali A.Y. 2017-18
Cover Page AC___________ Item No. ______ UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Syllabus for Approval Sr. No. Heading Particulars Title of the B.A./M.A. Five Year Integrated Course In 1 Course Pali Eligibility for As per existing Ordinances & policy 2 Admission Passing As per University Credit Semester System 3 Marks 2017 Ordinances / 4 - Regulations ( if any) No. of Years / 5 5 Years Semesters P.G. / U.G./ Diploma / Certificate 6 Level ( Strike out which is not applicable) Yearly / Semester 7 Pattern ( Strike out which is not applicable) New / Revised 8 Status ( Strike out which is not applicable) To be implemented 9 From Academic Year 2017-2018 from Academic Year Date: Signature : Name of BOS Chairperson / Dean : ____________________________________ 1 Cover Page UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Essentials Elements of the Syllabus B.A./M.A. Five Year Integrated Course In 1 Title of the Course Pali 2 Course Code - Preamble / Scope:- The traditional way of learning Pali starts at an early age and gradually develops into ethically strong basis of life. Now at the university though we cannot give the monastic kind of training to the students, the need of the time is -a very strong foundation of sound mind and body, facing the stress and challenges of the life. There is necessity of Pali learning for a long time from early age which few schools in Maharashtra are giving, but not near Mumbai. Mumbai University has only one college which satisfies the need of Pali learning at the undergraduate and graduate level those too only three papers in Pali. The interest in the study of Pali language and literature is on the rise. -
The Role of Puñña and Kusala in The
The Role of puñña and kusala in the Dialectic of the Twofold Right Vision and the Temporary Integration of Eternalism in the Path Towards Spiritual Emancipation According to the Pāli Nikāya s Krishna Del Toso Esercizi Filosofici 3, 2008, pp. 32-58 ISSN 1970-0164 THE ROLE OF PUÑÑA AND KUSALA IN THE DIALECTIC OF THE TWOFOLD RIGHT VISION AND THE TEMPORARY INTEGRATION OF ETERNALISM IN THE PATH TOWARDS SPIRITUAL EMANCIPATION ∗ ACCORDING TO THE PĀLI NIKĀYA S Krishna Del Toso …a motto adopted from one of Salvor Hardin’s epigrams, “ever let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right!” Isaac Asimov 1 Abstract : This article shows how in the Pāli Nikāya s, after having defined Eternalism and Nihilism as two opposed positions, Gotama makes a dialectical use of Eternalism as means to eliminate Nihilism, upheld to be the worst point of view because of its denial of kammic maturation in terms of puñña and pāpa . Assuming, from an Eternalist perspective, that actions have effects also beyond the present life, Gotama underlines the necessity of betting on the validity of moral kammic retribution. Having thus demonstrated the central ethical error of Nihilism, he subtly introduces peculiar Buddhist moral concepts ( kusala/akusala ) to purify the Eternalist vision from the doctrine of a real existing self ( attāvāda ) and from the puñña /pāpa dichotomy. We can summarize this dialectical course as follows: Nihilism is pāpa /akusala because it denies kamman , Eternalism is puñña /not-akusala because it upholds kamman from a non-Buddhist perspective, Buddhism is kusala because it admits the law of kamman not centered on a theory of a real existing self (anattāvāda ). -
Số 305-Ngày-15-09-2018
GIÁO HỘI PHẬT GIÁO VIỆT NAM 15 - 9 - 2018 Phật lịch 2562 Số 305 Ánh đạo vàng Như Lai Tr. 7 Nặng lòng với Ngã ba Đông Dương Tr. 57 Tr. 16 T r o n g s ố n à y GIÁO HỘI PHẬT GIÁO VIỆT NAM Sương mai 3 TẠP CHÍ VĂN HÓA PHẬT GIÁO Phát hành vào đầu và giữa tháng Sự đóng góp của Phật giáo Nam tông Kinh trong sự phát triển của Phật giáo Việt Nam (Thích Thiện Nhơn) 4 Tổng Biên tập THÍCH TRUNG HẬU Ánh đạo vàng Như Lai (Trần Quê Hương) 7 Phó Tổng Biên tập Thường trực Giàn giao hưởng còn lỗi nhịp (Nguyên Cẩn) 9 kiêm Thư ký Tòa soạn TRẦN TUẤN MẪN Năm phương pháp đưa đến định tâm (Nguyên Xuân) 12 Phó Tổng Biên tập Như hóa (Nguyễn Thế Đăng) 16 THÍCH MINH HIỀN Phật Giáo tại Đức quốc (Thích Nguyên Tạng) 18 Trị sự Những mẩu chuyện thiền (Lâm Hạnh Nhiên sưu tầm và dịch) 22 NGUYỄN BỒNG Năm chướng ngại trong khi hành thiền (Thích Trung Định) 24 Trình bày MAI PHƯƠNG NAM Hạnh phúc thực tại giữa thế giới vô thường (Huỳnh Thị Cẩm Nhung) 28 Phòng Phát hành Trụ sở Tòa soạn VHPG Phật giáo Hà Tiên dưới thời Mạc Cửu (Thích Minh Nghĩa) 32 ĐT: (84-28) 3 8484 335 Ngô Văn Thông, DĐ: 0906 934 252 Về tổ ngành nhiếp ảnh ở Việt Nam (Tôn Thất Thọ) 35 Quảng cáo Đưa chánh niệm vào học đường (Hoa Tâm Thủy) 38 Pháp Tuệ, Dương Đạt “Mẹ ơi! Đừng để con ngủ!” (Cao Huy Hóa) 42 Tòa soạn Về sách giáo khoa lịch sử phổ thô ng hiện nay (Cao Văn Thức) 44 294 Nam Kỳ Khởi Nghĩa, Quận 3, TP. -
Lumbini Buddhist University
Lumbini Buddhist University Course of Study M.A. in Theravada Buddhism Lumbini Buddhist University Office of the Dean Senepa, Kathmandu Nepal History of Buddhism M.A. Theravada Buddhism First Year Paper I-A Full Mark: 50 MATB 501 Teaching Hours: 75 Unit I : Introductory Background 15 1. Sources of History of Buddhism 2 Introduction of Janapada and Mahajanapadas of 5th century BC 3. Buddhism as religion and philosophy Unit II : Origin and Development of Buddhism 15 1. Life of Buddha from birth to Mahaparinirvan 2. Buddhist Councils 3. Introduction to Eighteen Nikayas 4. Rise of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism Unit III: Expansion of Buddhism in Asia 15 1. Expansion of Buddhism in South: a. Sri Lanka b. Myanmar c. Thailand d. Laos, e. Cambodia 2. Expansion of Buddhism in North a. China, b. Japan, c. Korea, d. Mongolia e. Tibet, Unit IV: Buddhist Learning Centres 15 1. Vihars as seat of Education Learning Centres (Early Vihar establishments) 2. Development of Learning Centres: 1 a. Taxila Nalanda, b. Vikramashila, c. Odantapuri, d. Jagadalla, e. Vallabi, etc. 3. Fall of Ancient Buddhist Learning Centre Unit IV: Revival of Buddhism in India in modern times 15 1 Social-Religious Movement during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 2. Movement of the Untouchables in the twentieth century. 3. Revival of Buddhism in India with special reference to Angarika Dhaminapala, B.R. Ambedkar. Suggested Readings 1. Conze, Edward, A Short History of Buddhism, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1980. 2. Dhammika, Ven. S., The Edicts of King Ashoka, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1994. 3. Dharmananda, K. -
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of the International Journal of Molecular Science in 2018 International Journal of Molecular Sciences Editorial Office MDPI, St
Editorial Acknowledgement to Reviewers of the International Journal of Molecular Science in 2018 International Journal of Molecular Sciences Editorial Office MDPI, St. Alban-Anlage 66, 4052 Basel, Switzerland Published: 8 January 2019 Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2018, a total of 4095 papers were published in the journal, with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 36 days. The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for their cooperation and dedication in 2018: Aalen, Reidunn Birgitta Adunyah, Samuel E. Aasen, Trond Aeddula, Narothama Reddy Abd El Hakim, Yasmina Afrin, Rehana Abdelrahman, Mostafa Afrin, Sadia Abdel-Sayed, Philippe Agarwal, Sumit Abdel-Tawab, M. Agatemor, Christian Abejón, Ricardo Ageitos, Jose Manuel Abenavoli, Ludovico Agerbirk, Niels Abend, Michael Aggarwal, Abhishek Abeywardana, Tharindumala Agnelli, Luca Abou Neel, Ensanya A. Agnieszka, Szopa Abraham, Dietmar Agnoli, Kirsty Abraham, Eleni Agostini, Marco Abu-Romman, Saeid Agrawal, Prashansa Abuzaid, Ahmed Agrawal, Swati Acheva, Anna Aguilar, Ludwig Erik Achinivu, Ezinne Agut, Montserrat Acosta Contreras, Florentina Niuris Ahlenstiel, Chantelle Acosta-Motos, Jose Ramón Ahluwalia, Amrita Acuña-Castroviejo, Darío Ahmad, Aamir Ada, Popolo Ahmad, Ejaz Adam, Vojtěch Ahmad, Shakil Adamakis, Ioannis-Dimosthenis Ahmed, Chulbul Adamek, Agnieszka Ahmed, Hafiz Adams, James Ahmed, Mahmoud S. Adhikary, Amitava Ahmed, Marya Adriaensens, Peter J. Ahn, Jee-Yin Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 232; doi:10.3390/ijms20010232 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Int. -
00-Title JIABU (V.11 No.1)
The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities (JIABU) Vol. 11 No.1 (January – June 2018) Aims and Scope The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities is an academic journal published twice a year (1st issue January-June, 2nd issue July-December). It aims to promote research and disseminate academic and research articles for researchers, academicians, lecturers and graduate students. The Journal focuses on Buddhism, Sociology, Liberal Arts and Multidisciplinary of Humanities and Social Sciences. All the articles published are peer-reviewed by at least two experts. The articles, submitted for The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities, should not be previously published or under consideration of any other journals. The author should carefully follow the submission instructions of The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities including the reference style and format. Views and opinions expressed in the articles published by The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities, are of responsibility by such authors but not the editors and do not necessarily refl ect those of the editors. Advisors The Most Venerable Prof. Dr. Phra Brahmapundit Rector, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand The Most Venerable Xue Chen Vice President, Buddhist Association of China & Buddhist Academy of China The Most Venerable Dr. Ashin Nyanissara Chancellor, Sitagu International Buddhist Academy, Myanmar Executive Editor Ven. Prof. Dr. Phra Rajapariyatkavi Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand ii JIABU | Vol. 11 No.1 (January – June 2018) Chief Editor Ven. Phra Weerasak Jayadhammo (Suwannawong) International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC), Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Editorial Team Ven. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Thailand Prof. -
The Buddha Discovered Dhyana
SD 33.1b The Buddha Discovered Dhyana The Buddha Discovered Dhyana 1b The nature of dhyana as a basis for liberation An essay1 by Piya Tan ©2010 1 Significance of dhyana Dhyana (P jhāna; Skt dhyāna) is as old as Buddhism itself, probably older. In early Buddhism, how- ever, it developed into a progressive four-stage suprasensory experience of altered consciousness, and has become uniquely Buddhist.2 The importance of dhyana in early Buddhism is attested by the fact that we have numerous discourses where the Buddha describes his experiences of them.3 In such discourses, the Buddha frequently admonishes his disciples to attain dhyana. In the suttas, we also see the word jhna used in both its two basic Buddhist senses: the general sense of “meditation,” and as “dhyana” or “mental absorption,” such as in this discourse: If a monk cultivates the first dhyana (jhāna) for even the duration of a mere finger-snap, then, bhikshus, he is called a monk who dwells as one whose meditation is not in vain (aritta-j,jhāna): a doer of the Teacher’s teaching, a follower of his advice. He does not eat the country’s alms in vain [for nothing].4 (Eka,dhamma Acchar,saghata Sutta, A 1.20/1:38) The well known meditation monk, Ajahn Brahmavaso, opens his insightful experiential paper on “The Jhnas” (2003) with this important declaration: In the original Buddhist scriptures, there is only one word for any level of meditation. Jhna designates meditation proper, where the meditator’s mind is stilled from all thought, secluded from all five-sense activity and is radiant with other-worldly bliss. -
28.14 Iddhipada Vibhanga S S51.20 Piya
Sayutta Nikya *** S *** Iddhi,pāda Vibhaga Sutta The Discourse on the Analysis of the Bases of Spiritual Power | S 51.20/5:276-281 Theme: Keeping one’s meditation balanced Translated by Piya Tan ©2006 Introduction 1 The Iddhi,pāda Vibhaṅga Sutta (S 51.20) is one of the most instructive texts on the fourfold “path to spiritual power” (iddhi,pāda), that is, aspects of meditation practice.1 It gives an “analysis” of psychic power (iddhi) in the classic vibhaṅga style.2 It shares some significant and unusual features with the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (M 10): the terms “constricted mind” (saṅkhitta citta) (S 51.20.22) and “distract- ed mind” (vikkhita citta) (S 51.20.23), and the 31 parts of the body (S 51.20.25), in the analysis of mind.3 The Sutta’s key passage gives an interesting analysis that provides details on the manner of cultivat- ing all four of these factors. Here, bhikshus, a monk cultivates the basis of psychic power consisting of samadhi due to enthusiasm …to energy…to mind…to investigation and active striving, thinking: “Thus my enthusiasm will be neither too slack nor too tense, and it will neither be constricted within (due to sloth & torpor) nor be distracted externally (due to sense pleasures).” He abides perceiving before and after: “As before, so after; as after, so before; as below, so above; as above, so below; as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.” Thus with heart open and unenveloped, he cultivates a mind imbued with luminosity. (Iddhi,pāda Vibhaṅga Sutta, S 51.20/5:276-278; abridged) 2 The Iddhi,pāda Vibhaṅga Sutta says that these spiritual powers should be progressively moderated so as to avoid the four faults (catu,dosa), that is, it is (1) too slack (atilīna), (2) too tense (atipaggahita), (3) narrow [constricted] internally (ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitta), or (4) distracted externally (bahiddhā vikkhitta). -
Friend in Buddhist Perspective: the Benefit of Social Welfare
Friend In Buddhist Perspective: The Benefit of Social Welfare Sitthiporn Khetjoi[a]* [a] Mahamakut Buddhist University,Isan Campus, Thailand. *Author for coresspondence email; [email protected] [Abstract] This article has the objective to describe about the nature of good and bad friend, the characteristics of a good and bad friend, how to associate with a good friend, how to avoid a bad friend, what the benefit of good friendship based on the Buddha’s discourse. The help of good friend is necessary for the development of welfare because no one can live alone or isolate in the society. When he tries to make an effort for the development of his welfare, he absolutely needs the help of his good friends. He cannot get the development of his welfare without the help of his good friends. The reason is that human being is interrelated or inter-dependent on one another as well as welfare of human being. Similarly, friends need the mutual help of each other to develop their welfare in the society. Thus, the Buddha emphasizes the help of good friendship for the development of social welfare and social work. Keywords: Buddhism, Friend, Social Work, Social Welfare. Received: 2019-06-11; Reviewed: 2019-06-21; Accepted: 2019-06-21 Journal of International Buddhist Studies Vol. 10 No. 2 (December 2019) 93-106 Introduction Definition and Interpretation of Friend The meaning of friend is, in the sense, equal to the terms of ‘mitta, sahaya, sakha, etc, in Pali language. The word ‘Mitta’ is defined in the commentary as follow: “Mitteyantiti mitta, minantiti va mitta; sabbaguyhesu anto pakkhipantiti attho” meaning that ‘one is called ‘mitta’ because he is affectionate and loves his friend and he encloses in all that is hidden (Ashin Janakabhivamsa, 1995:73). -
Aaryn Choo Fui Thin & Jeremy Ong Abdullah, Herman Abe
AARYN CHOO FUI THIN & JEREMY ONG AGUAS, ANA CAMILLE S ABDULLAH, HERMAN AGUENZA, MAILYN ABE, CHIGUSA AGUENZA, PAOLO ABE, HIDEKI AGUILAR, CHERRY YAGUIL ABE, HIDEYUKI AGUIRRE, MARIA ANUNCIACION M. ABE, KUMIKO AGUSTIN, ERWIN ABE, YUKI AGUSTIN, KATHLEEN DACERA ABINSAY, ROSELYN V. AGUSTINA ABOLINO, JAN JOSEPH AGUSTINAH RIPTANTI,SE ABRAJANO, PAOLO JOSE AGUSTINI ABROGAR, JENNIFER A. AGUSTINI, SRI ABUBAKAR, CHRISTINA YUN AGUSTINUS EKO ATMAJA ACHIRACHAOVAPAS, PINYADA AHADIYAH, WAHYU ACTAVIASTUTI, KETTY TRIMURYANI AHMAD ACUNA, MERVILA L. AHMAD NUR, HASAN ADACHI, MASUMI AHN, EUN JIN ADACHI, MIKI AHN, JONG IL ADELINE NOVARIA PANGESTU AHN, YOU JINE ADELINE SHE & GOH, CHEE WEE AI KHIM, PUNG ADELINE YAP LI WOON AI, KEQIANG ADILAH, NURUL AIADWAREE, SANSANEE ADINATA, SINDIANI SURYA AIHARA, SATOMI ADITYAWARMAN & MARCELLA AILY ADRIANI AINI ADRIANI, RETNO, S.PD. AISHAH MUHAMMAD RASHAD PARKES ADRYANA AISYAH CAMELIA WONG ADRYANA AISYAH DWI SISWI SAPUTRI ADULPIJIT, MANASPORN & AURJARUPORN, AIZAWA, TAKAKO SUPAPORN AIZEZI, OWEN ADUNAYANTI, ADYA AJENG INDAH ISTIQOMAH AEM-AORN YONGPAKIT & KRITSADEE AJENG NIDAR RAMANDA CHOTRUNGROJ AJENG, ANDI TENRI AEOCHAROEN, RADA AKAGI, MICHIE AFRICA, VIAVA JANE LOPEZ AKAKURA, KOUSEI AFRILIA AKAKURA, MARIKO AFRILIA AKAMINE, TOMOKO AGAPITO, GABRIEL AKAZAKI, YUUKI AGATHA CITRAWATI ANOM AKAZAWA, MASAHITO AGCAOILI, CARLA ANN QUIJANO AKETASANANT ,MENAT & LAVAPIPAT, AGIANITA, GISHA MONTRI AGNES CHEE SOOK SHIEN & YONG MEW AKHYAR PURNAMA SIDDIQ KIAN AKIBA, MUTSUMI AGNES ONG & DANIEL CHEN AKITA, NAOMI AGNIZA, DIVINE GRACE AKIYOSHI, KUMI AKOL, YOLANDA AN, JOUNG HEE AKUTO, HIROYUKI AN, MI OK AKUTSU, YOKO AN, MYEONG JIN ALAN CHONG FOOK SENG & SHEH SENG AN, PETER YAN AN, PING JIN ALCANTARA, MA. KRISTINE AN, QIANG ALCARAZ, ALGEN AN, REN SHAN ALEXANDRA VICKY HAMIKO AN, SHUHONG ALFINA AN, WEI ALI, SABILAH AN, WENJIN ALICANDO, ALVIN ANAK AGUNG SAGUNG ANIE ASMORO ALICIA LAW ZEE NGEE & CHOW, SOON HUA ANANTAPRAYOON, ARPA ALISA & SUPITCHA SRIPRACHAYANUN ANASTASIA MURDJIWATI ,S.SOS ALLIENDA, YOLANDA B.