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Domestic Content Policies in the Broadband Age: a Four-Country Analysis

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Domestic Content Policies in the Broadband Age: a Four-Country Analysis DOMESTIC CONTENT POLICIES IN THE BROADBAND AGE: AOU FOUR-C NTRY ANALYSIS Sora Park, Charles H. Davis, Franco Papandrea, and Robert G. Picard January 2015 NEWS & MEDIA RESEARCH CENTRE DOMESTIC CONTENT POLICIES IN THE BROADBAND AGE A Four-Country Analysis Sora Park, Charles H. Davis, Franco Papandrea, and Robert G. Picard A report published by the News & Media Research Centre, University of Canberra 2015 This report can be cited as: Park, S., Davis, C.H., Papandrea, F., & Picard, R.G. (2015). Domestic Content Policies in the Broadband Age: A Four-Country Analysis. Canberra: News & Media Research Centre, University of Canberra. ISBN: 978-1-74088-413-6 1 Table of Contents About the authors ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Overview of the four countries .................................................................................................................... 9 Elements of national systems and policies................................................................................................ 13 Australia ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Rationale for domestic support ........................................................................................................... 13 Domestic content requirements .......................................................................................................... 14 Effectiveness of regulation .................................................................................................................. 15 Canada .................................................................................................................................................... 19 Objectives of domestic content support in Canada ............................................................................ 19 Policies, programs, and regulations regarding domestic content ...................................................... 20 Snapshot of domestic content programming ..................................................................................... 23 Digital distribution and the incumbents.............................................................................................. 25 Ireland ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 The broadcasting environment ........................................................................................................... 26 Multichannel and digital services ....................................................................................................... 28 Linguistic and external content challenges ......................................................................................... 28 Broadcast regulation and policy ......................................................................................................... 29 Content requirements and support programs .................................................................................... 29 South Korea ............................................................................................................................................ 30 Brief market summary ........................................................................................................................ 30 Broadcast policy overview................................................................................................................... 31 Supporting domestic content .............................................................................................................. 31 Effectiveness and performance of existing measures ......................................................................... 34 Emerging issues in the digital environment including changes in the market .................................... 34 Cross Case Comparison .............................................................................................................................. 35 How are the country policies alike and different? .................................................................................. 35 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................... 35 Generating domestic content consumption vs. providing access ........................................................... 36 Quality vs. quantity of domestic content ................................................................................................ 36 Protecting national culture vs. protecting domestic industries .............................................................. 37 References .................................................................................................................................................. 38 2 Tables Table 1 Characteristics of the four countries .............................................................................................. 12 Table 2 Aggregate expenditure on new Australian drama by subscription TV drama services AUD$ mil) .................................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 3 Average weekly viewing hours of Canadian programs distributed by Canadian English- and French-language television services, by program origin, genre, and region .............................................. 24 Table 4 Irish Broadcasting Services (2010) ................................................................................................. 27 Table 5 Audience shares, cable and satellite services (2010) ..................................................................... 28 Table 6 Domestic program quota (2012) .................................................................................................... 33 Table 7 Required quota and actual programming of broadcasters (2011) ................................................ 34 3 Figures Figure 1 Transmission quota compliance (2001-2012) ......................................................................... 16 Figure 2 First release Australian drama yearly scores (2001-2012) ...................................................... 17 Figure 3 Three-year first release drama score (2001-2010) ................................................................. 17 Figure 4 First release Australian drama genres on commercial television networks (2003-2012) ...... 18 Figure 5 Funding and spending flows in the Canadian television system (2011-2012) ........................ 22 4 About the authors Charles H. Davis Charles H. Davis is a professor in the RTA School of Media at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada. He also serves as Associate Dean for Scholarly Research and Creative Activities in the Faculty of Communication & Design. His current research and teaching interests have to do with audience analysis, media product development, and media labour. He earned his Ph.D. from the Université de Montréal. Franco Papandrea Franco Papandrea is Adjunct Professor in the News and Media Research Centre at the University of Canberra (formerly Professor of Communication and Director of the Communication and Media Policy Institute). His primary research interests are in communication and media policy and industrial organisation of media. As a well-established expert with decades of experience in those fields he has frequently been called to provide research and consultancy services to Australian and International regulatory authorities and other major clients. His appointment to advise the two foremost Australian public inquiries into newspapers (House of Representatives Select Committee on the Print Media – 1991, and the Independent Inquiry into Media and Media Regulation – 2011) twenty years apart has been a highlight in his career. He has a Ph.D in public Policy awarded by The Australian National University. Sora Park Sora Park is Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Canberra and a member of the News & Media Research Centre. Her research focuses on the digital media users, media markets and media policy and has written widely on the economics of television, newspaper markets and other information industries. She has extensive experience in policy research and consultancy regarding digital media in South Korea. Her previous positions include Research Fellow at Korea Press Foundation, Director of the Interdisciplinary Program of Women’s Studies at Hanyang University, Chair of the School of Communication Arts at Kwangwoon University, and Visiting Scholar at the University of California, San Diego. She received her Ph.D in Communication Studies from Northwestern University. Robert G. Picard Robert G. Picard is North American Advisor for the Reuters Institute in the Department of Politics and International Relations at University of Oxford, a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, and an adjunct professor at University of Canberra. He was formerly director of research for the Reuters Institute and a research fellow at Green Templeton College (Oxford) A specialist in media economics and policy, he is the author and editor
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