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Impacts of Alien Land Arthropods and Mollusks on Native Plants and Animals in Hawaii
7. IMPACTS OF ALIEN LAND ARTHROPODS AND MOLLUSKS ON NATIVE PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN HAWAIfI Francis G. Howarth ABSTRACT Over 2,000 alien arthropod species and about 30 alien non-marine mollusks are established in the wild in Hawai'i, While the data are too meager to assess fully the impacts of any of these organisms on the na- tive biota, the documentation suggests several areas of critical concern. Alien species feed directly on na- tive plants or their products, thus competing with na- tive herbivores and affecting host plants. Alien pred- ators and parasites critically reduce the populations of many native species and seriously deplete the food resources of native predators. Some immigrant species spread diseases that infect elements of the native bio- ta. Others are toxic to native predators. There is also competition for other resources, such as nesting and resting sites. Even apparently innocuous intro- duced species may provide food for alien predators, thus keeping predator populations high with an atten- dant greater impact on native prey. Control measures targeted at alien pests may be hazardous to natives. Mitigative measures must be based on sound research and firmer understanding of the complex interactions and dynamics of functioning ecosystems. Strict quarantine procedures are cost effective in preventing or delaying the establishment of potential pests. Strict control or fumigation is needed for nonessential importations (such as cow chips, Christmas trees, and flowers in bulk). Improved review of introductions for biological control is required in order to prevent repeating past mistakes. Biocontrol introductions must be used only for bona fide pests and used in native ecosystems only in special circumstances. -
Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9 -
Ticks and Mites from a Wild Bird Survey Performed by the Wild Animal Medical Center of Rakuno Gakuen University in Japan
J. Acarol. Soc. Jpn., 25(S1): 189-192. March 25, 2016 © The Acarological Society of Japan http://www.acarology-japan.org/ 189 Ticks and mites from a wild bird survey performed by the Wild Animal Medical Center of Rakuno Gakuen University in Japan 1, 2 3 2, 3 Tomoo YOSHINO , Kii USHIYAMA and Mitsuhiko ASAKAWA * 1Kushiro Zoo, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0201, Japan 2Wild Animal Medical Center, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan 3Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan ABSTRACT A summary of avian ticks and mites from an epidemiological survey performed by the Wild Animal Medical Center of the Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine of Rakuno Gakuen University is reported, with errata for mite taxa. Ten taxa were recorded, and their taxonomic positions are shown in a table. Key words: ticks, mites, birds, Wild Animal Medical Center, Japan Epidemiological surveys are an essential conservation tool for fully understanding infectious diseases. In 2004, we began an investigation of avian parasitic diseases at the Wild Animal Medical Center of the Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine of Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan (Asakawa 2010; Asakawa et al. 2002, 2013; Hirayama et al. 2013). This paper summarizes the findings of seven publications on avian ticks and parasitic mites (Nakamura et al. 2003; Uemura et al. 2010; Yoshino et al. 2003, 2009a, b, 2011, 2013). During submission of a publication for the proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Acarology, Kyoto, taxonomical inconsistencies, including invalid names or synonyms for mite species, were reported to us. -
Malubago Malubago Wilding (Taken a Young Malubago Tree (Perspective)
ASSISTED REGENERATION OF BEACH FORESTS AND MANGROVES Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC) Manila Observatory Bldg. Ateneo de Manila University Campus Loyola Heights, Katipunan Road, Quezon City Dried fruit of Malubago Malubago wilding (taken A Young Malubago tree (perspective). from Camarines Sur). growing in a sandy beach portion away from the shoreline (Inland Beach Forest) Sagnay, Camarines Sur. TREE SPECIE PROFILE: Name/s: MALUBAGO (Tagalog) • COTTON-WOOD (English) • HIBISCUS TILIACEUS, TALIPARITI TILIACEUM (Scientific) GENERAL DESCRIPTION: A small tree reaching 8-10 meters with heart-shaped leaves and large yellow gumamela-like flowers. When planted in rows, can be pruned into a tall hedge or when solitary develops a full round crown. PLANTING ZONE: Inland beach forest. Sandy portions of the beach, but away from the water and not directly exposed to strong winds. Can take extreme sun and salt spray. IDEAL SUBSTRATE: Sand or sandy soil. WATER REQUIREMENT: Plant in the rainy season and water only occasionally during the summers until well established. SEED / WILDING AVAILABILITY: September to December. PLANTING RECOMMENDATIONS: Gather wildings (1-6 inch seedlings will be found to grow underneath mature trees in the said months) and nurse in small- medium seedling bags until 2-3 feet high, before planting into the ground. Select a sandy portion with full sun, but protected from harsh winds. Ideal for landscaping. NOTES: When in bloom, flowers are numerous and can be collected to make for exotic table pieces. RELATED LINKS: http://www.hibiscus.org/species/htiliaceus.php AREAS IN LUZON WHERE SEEN IN ABUNDANCE: Bicol region PHOTO GALLERY: Malubago Tree, Sagnay, Malubago flower buds. -
United States of America
anran Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT COUNTRY REPORTS NITED TATES OF MERICA U S A FRA2005/040 Rome, 2005 FRA 2005 – Country Report 040 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up- to-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005), which is the most comprehensive assessment to date. More than 800 people have been involved, including 172 national correspondents and their colleagues, an Advisory Group, international experts, FAO staff, consultants and volunteers. Information has been collated from 229 countries and territories for three points in time: 1990, 2000 and 2005. The reporting framework for FRA 2005 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes more than 40 variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources. -
Cyrtandra and Other Supertramps
Cyrtandra and other supertramps Quentin Cronk University of British Columbia Canada PSI 2009 Acknowledgements • Jean-Yves Meyer, Pacific Cyrtandra • B.L. “Bill” Burtt, Asian Cyrtandra • Students: Hannah Atkins, Gemma Bramley, Jill Preston • Jim Smith, Boise, Idaho • The organizers, PSI Supertramp Diamond (1974) coined the term ‘supertramp’ for species (birds) of high dispersability that are mainly found on small or isolated islands— evidence that, in these cases, high dispersability compensates for ecological specialization/ poor competitive ability . DIAMOND, J. M. 1974. Colonization of exploded volcanic islands by birds: the supertramp strategy. Science 184: 803– 806. Indo-pacific strand flora - supertramps? • Native - Thespesia populnea, Ipomoea pes- caprae, Vigna marina, Cordia subcordata, Scaevola taccada, Pisonia grandis • Palaeosynanthropic - Hibiscus tiliaceus, Calophyllum inophyllum • Neosynanthropic - Terminalia catappa, Casuarina equisetifolia Types of supertramp • those in which little speciation has occured (e.g. Thespesia ) • those characterized by at least some island radiations ( Bidens , Metrosideros ). Question 1: Patterns of invasion in the Pacific • species widespread among many islands - Pandanus tectorius (Pandanaceae; Wagner et al., 1990) • multiple radiations on many islands - Psychotria (Rubiaceae; Nepokroeff et al., 2003 • combination of a few widespread species and endemic island species - Scaevola (Goodeniaceae; Howarth et al., 2003); Metrosideros (Myrtaceae: Percy et al., 2008) • single island lineages - Hillebrandia -
Terrestrial Arthropods)
Fall 2004 Vol. 23, No. 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA (TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS) Table of Contents General Information and Editorial Notes..................................... (inside front cover) News and Notes Forest arthropods project news .............................................................................51 Black flies of North America published...................................................................51 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada entomology web products...............................51 Arctic symposium at ESC meeting.........................................................................51 Summary of the meeting of the Scientific Committee, April 2004 ..........................52 New postgraduate scholarship...............................................................................59 Key to parasitoids and predators of Pissodes........................................................59 Members of the Scientific Committee 2004 ...........................................................59 Project Update: Other Scientific Priorities...............................................................60 Opinion Page ..............................................................................................................61 The Quiz Page.............................................................................................................62 Bird-Associated Mites in Canada: How Many Are There?......................................63 Web Site Notes ...........................................................................................................71 -
Hotspots of Mite New Species Discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015)
Zootaxa 4208 (2): 101–126 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Editorial ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47690FBF-B745-4A65-8887-AADFF1189719 Hotspots of mite new species discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015) GUANG-YUN LI1 & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG1,2 1 School of Biological Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, New Zealand; corresponding author; email: [email protected] Abstract A list of of type localities and depositories of new species of the mite order Sarciptiformes published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology) during 2013–2015 is presented in this paper, and trends and patterns of new species are summarised. The 242 new species are distributed unevenly among 50 families, with 62% of the total from the top 10 families. Geographically, these species are distributed unevenly among 39 countries. Most new species (72%) are from the top 10 countries, whereas 61% of the countries have only 1–3 new species each. Four of the top 10 countries are from Asia (Vietnam, China, India and The Philippines). Key words: Acari, Sarcoptiformes, new species, distribution, type locality, type depository Introduction This paper provides a list of the type localities and depositories of new species of the order Sarciptiformes (Acari: Acariformes) published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology (SAA)) during 2013–2015 and a summary of trends and patterns of these new species. It is a continuation of a previous paper (Liu et al. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
November 2009 an Analysis of Possible Risk To
Project Title An Analysis of Possible Risk to Threatened and Endangered Plant Species Associated with Glyphosate Use in Alfalfa: A County-Level Analysis Authors Thomas Priester, Ph.D. Rick Kemman, M.S. Ashlea Rives Frank, M.Ent. Larry Turner, Ph.D. Bernalyn McGaughey David Howes, Ph.D. Jeffrey Giddings, Ph.D. Stephanie Dressel Data Requirements Pesticide Assessment Guidelines Subdivision E—Hazard Evaluation: Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms Guideline Number 70-1-SS: Special Studies—Effects on Endangered Species Date Completed August 22, 2007 Prepared by Compliance Services International 7501 Bridgeport Way West Lakewood, WA 98499-2423 (253) 473-9007 Sponsor Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Saint Louis, MO 63167 Project Identification Compliance Services International Study 06711 Monsanto Study ID CS-2005-125 RD 1695 Volume 3 of 18 Page 1 of 258 Threatened & Endangered Plant Species Analysis CSI 06711 Glyphosate/Alfalfa Monsanto Study ID CS-2005-125 Page 2 of 258 STATEMENT OF NO DATA CONFIDENTIALITY CLAIMS The text below applies only to use of the data by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) in connection with the provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) No claim of confidentiality is made for any information contained in this study on the basis of its falling within the scope of FIFRA §10(d)(1)(A), (B), or (C). We submit this material to the United States Environmental Protection Agency specifically under the requirements set forth in FIFRA as amended, and consent to the use and disclosure of this material by EPA strictly in accordance with FIFRA. By submitting this material to EPA in accordance with the method and format requirements contained in PR Notice 86-5, we reserve and do not waive any rights involving this material that are or can be claimed by the company notwithstanding this submission to EPA. -
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Councils 2017 List Of
CATEGORY II (continued) Gov. The 2017 list was prepared by the Scientific Name** Common Name List Zone FLEPPC List Definitions: Exotic – a species FLEPPC Plant List Committee Florida Exotic Pest Plant Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant C, S introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a (Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor) natural range outside of Florida. Native – a species Patricia L. Howell, Chair 2012-2017, Broward Tribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut N, C, S Council’s 2017 List of whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized County Parks, Natural Resources and Land Vitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree C, S Management Section, [email protected] Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm C, S exotic – an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation Invasive Plant Species Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria N, C (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native). Invasive Stephen H. Brown, UF / IFAS Lee County Xanthosoma sagittifolium malanga, elephant ear N, C, S exotic – an exotic that not only has naturalized, Extension, Parks and Recreation Division, The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant [email protected] Council is to support the management of invasive Recent changes to plant names exotic plants in Florida’s natural areas by communities. Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida providing a forum for the exchange of scientific, Department of Environmental Protection, educational and technical information. Old Name New Name Abbreviations: Government List (Gov. List): [email protected] www.fleppc.org Possession, propagation, sale, and/or transport of Aleurites fordii Vernicia fordii David W. -
Wake Island Grasses Gra Sse S
Wake Island Grasses Gra sse s Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Sandbur Cenchrus echinatus Poaceae Naturalized Swollen Fingergrass Chloris inflata Poaceae Naturalized Bermuda Grass Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Naturalized Beach Wiregrass Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Naturalized Goosegrass Eleusine indica Poaceae Naturalized Eustachys petraea Poaceae Naturalized Fimbristylis cymosa Poaceae Indigenous Dactyloenium Aegyptium Lepturus repens Poaceae Indigenous Manila grass Zoysia matrella Poaceae Cultivated Cenchrus echinatus Chloris inlfata Fimbristylis cymosa Lepturus repens Zoysia matrella Eustachys petraea Wake Island Weeds Weeds Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Spanish Needle Bidens Alba Asteraceae Naturalized Hairy Spurge Chamaesyce hirta Euphorbiaceae Naturalized Wild Spider Flower Cleome gynandra Capparidaceae Naturalized Purslane Portulaca oleracea Portulaceaceae Naturalized Puncture Vine Tribulus cistoides Zygophyllaceae Indigenous Coat Buttons Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Naturalized Tridax procumbens Uhaloa Waltheria Indica Sterculiacae Indigenous Bidens alba Chamaesyce hirta Cleome gynandra Portulaca oleracea Tribulus cistoides Waltheria indica Wake Island Vines Vines Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Beach Morning Glory Ipomoea pes-caprae Convolvulaceae Indigenous Beach Moonflower Ipomoea violacea Convolvulaceae Indigenous Passion fruit Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae Naturalized Ipomoea violacea Ipomoea pes-caprae Passiflora foetida Wake Island Trees Trees Common Name Scientific Name Family Status