pppt// J'/I/~~ FISH FOOD HABITS STUDIES 1ST PACIFIC NORTHWEST TECHNICAL WORKSHOP WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS ASTORIA, OREGON OCTOBER 13-15, 1976 WSMWO 77-2 WashingtonSea Grani Divisionof MarineResooroes EDITORS: CHARLES A. SIMENSTAD AND SANDY J. LIPOVSKY Universityot WashingtonttG-30 Seattle9tt195 WASHINGTON SEA GRANT Division ot Marine Resources WSG WO 77-2 ss.oo UniversityOf Washington HG 30, Seattle,Washington 98195 CONTENTS ACigfceLEIXNEMS, vl I FOREIIORD. lx INTRODUCTORYADDRE'SS, . xI I I Afonso2'. Proter SESSIONI: PURPOSEAND SAMPLING DESIGN fJJ~ xSavaralApproaches tothe Feeding Ecology ofFishes.. CraqorIf. CoiHiat Narltlc ReefFish Ccewunitles Soae Problems and a PossibleSolution. Ia ffioftotvfC. Stainer C~ A Studyof Fish FoodHab I ts as Relatedto the Biological Enrichmentof an Area, 19 JofstS. Stephens,Jr, ard JohnP. STffson SamplingCopslderatlops In the Analysis of FoodHeb Relationships. 25 corti a. a ith InteractionsBetveen Juvenile Salmon and Benthic InvertebratesIn the Skaglt Salt lasrsh, 51 COSPONSORSOF I IIE-WOFIKSIIOP Jomaaf Cangfatonand lama@ a. Sivith FishrnesResearch liisiiiuli, Elniversily ofWashington WashingtonSea Orant. Univrrsily of Washinglon Discussion:Session I . Purposeand Sampling Design... NaliOnaiMarine f iaherieaSeiviCD hiorlhwealand Ala ka I ishenesCenlei Edilcra.Charlea A Simenatad andSandy J Lipcvaky SupporllorIhis workshop aiiripublicalicn olIhe Proceediiigs wasprovided in partby giantnurnbera D4S-158-48 arid 04-T-f58 44021 frOm Ihe Nahonal Oceanisand Atrnoapherio Adminislralion lo the Washington Sca Grani PrO- gram SESSION?: PREDATORANDPREY COLLECTION FrequencyDistributions of FoodItem Counts In Individual I lsh Stomarhs., 167 AnEva! uat lan of Ueritlilt; Irivurfebrate Samvllng Devlees for Investigat ing FeedingHabits af Fish, Sibert and., Obrebeki Jack f?. soref DS Nivaluat Ion of Standirig5loi'I s of Ma Inn Re,niircrs I laid MethodsIor Sarrpllrvi DcnersafFish In the EasternBer ing Saa: Uslng a Statir- lrnphir I'oculit for» andOb ierv lng Their llehavfar NumerfcnlBulk BiomassModel BEM. ?e.James Allen 56 T. Eaevaatuand F. Favorite P~v AStorage Rel!!eval/ProeasingSystem for Stomach Snipl ing Inter+I dul caI t 'Jursh Macrabanthos... I '19 JamesE..onif h 63 Analysisand Other Fish Data. Charles4. Simanetadand Sarrk E. Dales Fuseing Habits and SrI e t I v i' y cl P feuronactI dc c!n itic 'J ' Discussion: Session4: DataMcnlpulotlon aed I'!osantntion.. .. I SO JtrvI ~ ShelI: 6 6 rriary cf I!as!aii h In Pioui ess,, .. 6 VenJg f,. 0!truss ioii: Sessi!n ? ',.vipI liiI af Benihi!. Predatorand Prni': SESSION5; INTERPREIATIONA?ID RESIILTS line OcI? It farsr t Su !pie!4 arI "nriplI iq Tech!Iques Al ti r niir Dlet OverlapsIn Compot iiiig F I sh Papii!ation. Impressfons of tlie Beiit'ius'? 69 In the IJanalac River Est»sry.. ,139 StevenDbrabaki and John Sihart. SESSlctf I; IAuORATDIIVPRJi.f IXIRE' AIJD I OFIJTIF ICATION A Bug s Eye y lcmof Fish Predation ,147 A LaLioia?art MethodI oi !Iie Aiiaftees of f lsh Stomachr'!intent Cy r fr lsvtriae andD le»u Ne»erlebKiiak and 'Pi.' I "she't 'prosentedby TonyPhillips! - Prellrrlnary Observationson Interactions BetuaenTwa Bottam-FeedingRays and a Cosmunltyof Potential Prey MethodsUsed In studying ! aodHabits af oregan's , .153 EstuarineFI'lies......,.............,......,...... I ~ a cublil.tonal SandHabitat In SouthernCalifornia... JohnJ<,hnaan !.l ennA. V !rifiLari stem? TheP ey of Deep-.ea Macr»aridI IshesOif Oregon.. - Prey Organismsand Prey Camsu!il ty Composition of 163 Julie Ar.!1mb Ter' 82 Juvenile Sales!oldsIn HoodCanal, Washington...,,. CharlesA. Simenst<rd StomachAnalysis Melhodolagy: Stl I I Late ot Puss?lans.. Bl Catherine ferry importantAspects of ForagingBehavior and Feeding Morphology in ResourcePartltlunlng Studiesof fishes...,...,...,....... MethadalarryIJSed In SICmnthI?Octant Analya1 a... JohnP. Fl.lieon gl TheFeedfinlglology af ihe Bet Rny, J?infvfti - lif In TamalesBay, California, lpaper nct presentedat unr s ap ... " . Discussion: Sessioii I; I abaratoryPremed!i! as Ste,hen Karl arr! reuenObrebeki and Identification.. 95 i s~ion: Session'Sr Interpretation and Pesults.........,...... 167 SESSION4i-DATA IIANII3JLATIQNAftD PRESENTATION oartlclpants. 191 6 Programfor StandcrdizI!ig the iden?Ification a f MnrIne I overteh ra tes. Jackf?, floret ,.103 Iv ACKNOW L EDGMENT S This workshopwould not haverun smoothly, I f at a II, without the help of several people and agencies. First, our thanksgo to personnelof the WaslilngtonSea Orant Program at the University ot Washington,who prepared work hop ftyer- and o'lher materIals arid served as the channel for oiir f lnances. Staff of the co-sponsors,the UnIverslty of Washington'sFisheries Ifesearch Insritutu and the National Marine Fisheries Service northwest and Alaska FI-li ri"; Center,are to be thankedfor assistingwith the piannlnqand programrnlnq. SpecI a I thanksgo to WashingtonSea Br aiit CommunI catIons who coo r dI naii."I the productionof these proceedings,Joseph T. Durkin of the Hammond Laboratory,and National MarineFisheries Service for coopi,ratingwit'i the co-chairmenIn plannlnq and providlnq muchof the audio-visual equip- ment, MaryLee Brownof the samelaboratory provided invaluable assis- tance with registration, last minute details, and these proceedings. Also, HerbJenlcke, National MarineFisheries Service at AukeBay, kindly loanedus his tapiis, whichwe,"- nxccpf iona l ly better than niir own, of the discussion sess'lons. Mostof all, wewish to thank the participants for provldlnq excellent presentations and stimulating d'IscussIona. FOREWORD Ideasfor a workshopon Food Habits and Trophic Relationships of Pacific Northwestfish hadbeen kicked around for severalyears. They coulcsc< I duringa professlona!meeting in March1976, where reglona! food habits studieswere addressed superf'Ic !ally. Our'Ingthat meotirrg,and durinrj subsequenttelephone conversations, wediscussed the need for a workshop coveringthe presentstate of fish foodhabits studies, Asa result,the f Irst Pacif I cN<>rthwesf F shI Food Habits Studies Workshrrp wasdesigned to assemble West Coast biologists currently siudy lng fish foodhabits for Informa!discussions onsampling deslqn and techniques, analysisprocedures, andcurrent research. This type of researchIs sometimesnebulous each investigator doing things just a little differ- entlyy from everyone else. However,lf seemed to us that the time bar! cometo comparenotes, to discussthc meritsof varioustechniques, and 'Ina forumfor researcherswith problems, to get the advice of reglr>naf experts In the field. Flyerswore sent to peoplewho we ihouglrt might be In! erestod insuch a get-together,Originally we hoped to hold it at Harmond,Oreqon, where the NationalMarine Fisheries ServIce maintains a field stationin arr old CoastGuard building. Fromthe numberof responses,it soonbecame evidentthat the field stationcould not comfortablyhold the group, the orirrinaiexpectation was to hostabout 25-30, but registration eventuallyreached 50 people. So the workshop was expanded to 3 days andwas moved to theThunderbird Motel in Astorla,Oregon, where confer- ence,room, and restaurant facilities wereava!Iable. Despite Its remoteness,weconsidered Astorla an appropriate setting both because of Its scenicquality and because attendees would be Ies- likely to wanderoff to moreurban temptations as usually happens at meetingsin bigcltles. Weall cametogether' with a surprisingmin Imurn of late arrivals and no-shows,on October15-17, 1976. Onegotofto the knowrrrost each importantother and resulfseach other'sof thework. workshop Conversations was that rr.soarcirersextended into coffeeand meal breaks and well Into thenight. Thiswas the k'Indof Ix 'I s it appearsthat this workshopwas e I f I f h,d I I 11 o k h interaction we had hoped for, and apparently achieved. success and In the future. Severalp eo p le suggosf ed c hanqesan in format and new rs ex ressed the op lnlan ia wor ni Other than a general I lmlt on length ~ there was no Ital t lcular format seful. Sflii oth rs Indi f d ti, I prescribed for workshop presenfaf lons. Thus, these proceedings represent than formarmal presentatlons wouldd bethat useful. the next one slivuld be extended 'to' o a varIety of subjects, rather loosely organized around the tive session this wor kshop was too short andt I ha'I ate lorine waswei I received, the topics: 4 or 5 days. Although the Astor a oca or fl for the next meetinq. consensus was f oto move another scenic lai a on or Purpose and sampl Ing design Becauseth'Is type of researcrch i prog ro ressrss lowly,new Informal Inn i s niif Sampl1ng of benthic predators and prey: ilaw different =ampler generated fastas enaugh to warrant an annua mee ng. ere that we shou I d meef ever y other year, whicii pii and sarnpl ing techniques alter our Impressions of the benthos respondentsIndicated t a f fhe f I rst meet liig, the next workshop ln faia 1 1978. As co-chairnen ar e Laboratory procedures and Identlf Ication or anIze the 1978session. However, we hope that by we have agreedu wifo Iorga~ I be welI enougheslubl lshed fliatia the chairmanship fhen the group w n the v*r ious countr ies and state,. Data manI pul ation and present at lon andeditorship can be rotatedamong the v*r ous hi S WarkSha r eaui I ed f rOmthe peep1 ewhO Interpretation and resu!fs f I nai i y, the success of t » p f r their work end had par I Ic Ipaf ed. Theey sshared a a special enthusiasmor e r Although they cover the present at lons, the papers assembled here vary a wI II 'Ingnessto I istento newand d'Iff ercn'I techniques. It wa this In length, format, and overal I organization. Hopeful ly, future pro- t madethis workshopso prof It- ceedings papers wl I I be more uni forni 'In format. The discussions half ardentparticipation by eachperson tha mae of each session! proved to be so meaty and worthwhile that we have able, transcribed these from tape recordings and have Included them here pretty much In their entIrety. Charles A Slmenstad Because this was the first "gathering of the minds", we planned to spend Sandy 0 L I povsky a great deal of time discussing methodology--and Indeed we did, Unfa- rfunafel, even though flic rnerlfs and disadvantages of various techniques were discussed at length, a standardized method < If there ls one! was nat derived.