Grassroots Journalism in the City: Cleveland's Neighborhood Newspapers. Monograph No. 6
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED227 491 CS 207'393 Jeffres, Leo W.; And Others AUTHOR . 'TITLE Grassrpots Journalism in the'City:Cleveland's Neighborhood Newspapers. Monograph 'No. 6. INSTITUTION Cleveland Stati tffiv., OH. Communication*Research Center, SPONS AGENCY Cleveland State Univ.,'Ohio, PUB DATE Nov 82 NOTE- 268p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070. -- Reports - Research/Technical (143) MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. , EDRS PRICE DESCHIPTORS Advertising; Communication Research;Community Study; Content Analysis; Editing;*JournaLisM; Layout (Publications); *Local History;*Newspapers; *News Reporting; *Production Techniques IDENTIFIERS Community Newspapers; *Ohio (Cleveland) ABSTRACT The first section of,this monograph oncommunity newspapers desdribes thepatterns and trends of*grassroots journalism" in the Cleveland, Ohio, area.Based on interviews yith 37 newspaper editors, thefollowing topics are covered:origins and history,loals, organizhtion and structure,method of production, advertising, content, audience,and problems. The second,ssection includes smpses of each newspaperand an example of the front page of each. Included is a briefhistory of, each paper, plus,a description of its goals"organization,production, advertising, content, audience, and problems. Thethird secfion dIspusses.several topics and problems that communityjournalists must face. Topics include defining the news,organization and, news gathering, the interview and other tools forcollecting information, writing the news,story, editing, writingheadlines, newspaper graphics and design, advertising, and circulationand distribution; (HOD) % *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are thebest that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************o U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER 1ERICI This Vaurnem has dOen reproducedds roterverlhorn (he person ur cthort11 riluriges rIcivr: :WW1 rr,rder In nmprrIvOr rOprOlitl Iillr.tJuidI :5 Poirlrs or vie, of cpimons stated IrlIris dor, rr:,:t iiii 'lin: no.1(.50,1,4 I eirleSI'llrnFl it oilNIL Posononora, 'GRASSROOTS JOURNALISMIN THE CITY: Cleveland's Neighborhood Newspapers By Leo W Jeffres,'Mick Latkovich, and Jim Ceasar ,Communication Research Center Monograph No. 6 Communication Research Center Cleveland State University November,\ 1982 Cleveland, Ohio 44115 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS ifrj, MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Leo W.Jeffi-es .TO THE EDUCATIONALREICOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." PREFACE The roots of this monograph extend back aeveeal years. WhenI caMe to the Cleveland area more than seven years ago, I was impressed by the diversity'of its ethnic cammunitief and City neighborhoods. Each SundayI would pick a different neighborhood and then spend a couple hours driving through the area. As a consequence,I developed an interest in neighborhood problems and efforts to solve them. I began collecting neighborhood newspapers and encouraged our journalism students to develop thedr skills while giving much needed assistance to .the neighborhood, press. One student who shared my interest in community journalism was Jim Ceasar, whm joined rite ina project to interl(iew editors of neighborhood newspape'rs. That was a couple.yeits ago, and the prdcess began to loOk as ifit would never end. One interview cdmpleted, we would learn of another effort to start .a newspaper, 'The necessary financial.resources and time commitment to domplete,the interviewing and prepare a monograph were made possible by the Urban.Affairs Summer Grant, Program adminis.tered by the College of 'Urban Affairs in conjuntion with the College of Graduate Studies and the Offi,ee of Research Services at Cleveland State gniversitr. Since some of the informatimn was already More than a year, old, each editor was recontatted this past summer or fall for an update. This task fell to Mick Latkovich,se research assistant in'the Comalunication Researck Center. He spent many .hours not only interviewing editors but also writing up summaries of his sessions. Throughout the swnmer'and into the fall, we continued to learn of new papers or chinges in the status of existing ones. We have tried td make changes up to the last minute, but we are probably unaware of several others. The grant also allowed us to.expand the monograph to serve several purposes. First, we wanted to describe the current situation and trends in "grassroots journalism." We hope this first section is useful to observers of 'the urban scene, those concerned with community newe,papers, and the paper staffs themselves. Second, we wanted to preserve a bit mf history by recording-individual efforts to start pagers. Thus, the second section includes a front page and brief narrative of each paper. Third, we wanted'to present' SOMR informatiom which might help neighborhood newspapers in their day-to-day operationse Thus; the third part of the monograph includes sections on writing, editing, etc., which " we hope can be used in training volunteers and other staff members. Since we only have limitedspace here, this section should be wupplemented by suth excellentreferences as: How to Produce- a Small Newspaper (by the Editors of the Harvard Post, 1978), The Newspaper: EverrthingYou Need to Know to Make Itin. the Newspaper Busineas (by D. Earl Newsom, 1981), How to Start Your Own CommunityNewspaper. (by John McKinney,,197T), and CommunittJournalism: A-War of Life (by Brtice M. Kennedy, 19743T These%should be av lableat the CSU or otherarea libraries. 71 Working on this.monograph.has triggeredmany memories of my days as a 'staff writer for the ",Lewiston(Idaho) Morning Tribune" andmy own attempt at c.ommunity journalham 4 while in the Peace Corps. Stationed iql a rural prolince (An0.que) in the Philippines, I worked with'agroup of students and concerned cit,izensto start an. independent ,community newspaper, called "The SpecialGazette." When inffation hit rates of 20-40%the paper ha'dto suspend publication: Thus, I can commmiserate with those individuals and neighborhoodgroups who have tried to start papers but been unabre to sustain the effort. Try again.'7.- There are ,numerous people who deserveour thanks. At A. the top of.the list are the community newspapereditors who consented to interviews. We hope our summaries do justice to their efforts and that they will find each other's experiences useful by comparison. We also want to thank the , College of Urban Affairs and othersupporters of the Urban Affairs summer grant program for the financialassistance which, made this monograph possible. The contributions of Debbie ,Caldwell and many students involvedalong the.way also are noted and appreciated. And,I personally want to thank my two co-authors, Mick Latkovich atiØJim Ceasar, for their hard work, persistence andcooperati throughout the project., 4 L.W.J. November, 1982 TARLF. OF COt.ifF.WI(4 Pre I Ice - ,-;ectL)n Patterns & Trends .1otrodn'ction, Ori.J.,ins mod t!itory Goal' -9 Organiation 16 Production & Advertising Content 15 Audience Problems and Prospects 41 46 Conclu's.iosu. Se:ctionII: Summaries. of Indiv.idualNwspapera List of n'eighb_orhood pews-paper's 0 Kratenahl LampliOtte_r 49 .. -Kuckeve News I. 55 73 The .Bulletin f il The Rulletin Pre,:-; 61 65 Cen t ra l Vo ice .J., '69 Tho Coirl mu n i tyNews e. 73 The Co'nnoc t inn , 77 The Courier . Coventry Village News P]. cranwood Voice 85 8Q . *Cro.;.sroric`ls netroit-t;horeWav Vie-w- 43 Q6 Downtowner ' ' 14() !----ist Cleveland Citizen. Kast Side News 101 The )-^,01ro,-, VairWood Lifo 11n the Forgotten Triangl_e 115 116 The 'lei0)t.s Gazett,e 120 This IstCaoms Corner' 'JeHhhorhood Honsirig SorytceNewsletti.r 1.24 .128 Tao f.i211l4irhood Nows Oh_iti City PeileveloomentAssociation 'ews 112 Old -Krooklvn News 136 nld Cleveland Gette .139 Porry Nws 144 The Plain Press 148 Repuhlic steel Neighbor 151 156 St. CIWir &Slihnrl,an 1,covs The Scoop 160 The Southeast TodnY. 164 '0niversi-tv CLrcle Community-Coalition 168 Nodfor!1 Times-Reter &Nlaple Weiohts Pre'ss 172 Broadview Neic,JIN4 Gazette 4Hi-ockgville Gazette 190 Indopendoneo Gazot to 140 Garlield Peiehts Loader 146 Iq0 %ow!' (iv) Section III: Punning.A Neighborhood NewspaFer In'troductioL, 194 News"What Ts t7 . 195. - Organi:zation.and News4,gatherinp , 201 The:Interview. & 6ther Tool. for ColJecting Information 205.! Wribing-7The News Story 213 AdvertisingtThe. Support Structffre 228 , Editing7-Some Pointets 219 Writing 'Headlines. , 246 , Ci'rculation and Distribution' 251 Newspaper.Graphics--Desin,A Make-Qp 253 a a r** SECTIONI:'TRENtS ANDPA7TERRS se, , The vitality.of life in urbanareasis best illustrated . t by the strength and diversity ofits "grwssroots" organizations..The past decade or so has withe&seda . renewed faith in the future of c:..y neighborhoods, anda significant.indicator o.fthat faith isthe growing number of neighborhood newspapers. These efforts at "grassroots journadism" often fail but later 'Ire repeated in ehesame area by othe.st. who share their. hope. Commuhity journalism appears to be a significant indicator that residents identify with their neighborhood and will struggle for its survival, growth) or,in other cases, 'regeneration! Though the individual papers .may be spearhe'aded. by dedicated individuals or groups,a paper's survival depends .on it% Acceptance by residents oP.the neighborhood. And that means people must identify witb'tfte area tb at leastsoTe degree. Thus, a successful