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“Abraham” Agreement: Normalization of Relations Or Announcement of an Existing Emirati- Israeli Alliance?

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“Abraham” Agreement: Normalization of Relations Or Announcement of an Existing Emirati- Israeli Alliance? Situation Assessement | 16 August 2020 The “Abraham” Agreement: normalization of relations or announcement of an existing Emirati- Israeli alliance? Unit for Political Studies The “Abraram” Agreement: normalization of relations or annoencement of an existing Emirati-nbraeli aalianh Series: Situation Assessement 16 August 2020 Unit for Political Studies TheUnit for Political Studies is the Center’nedhpartment dhdicated to the study of the region’s most pressing current rffairs. An integral andevital part of the ACRPS’ activities, it offers academically rigorous analysis on issues that are relevant and useful to the public, academics andepolicy-makers of the Arab region and beyond. TheUnit for Political Studlhedraws on the collaborative efforts of a number of scholars basedewithin and outside the ACRPS. It produces three of the Center’nepublication series: Assessment Rhport,ePolicy Analysis, andeCase Analysis reports.e.e Cnpyright ©e2020 Arab Center for Research andePolicyeStudies. All Rights Reservhd.eeeeee The ArabCenter for Research andePolicyeStudies is an indhphedent research institute and think tank for the study of history and social sciences,ewith particular emphasis on the appalhd social sciences. TheCenter’neparamount concern is the advancement of Arab societies and states, their cooperation with one another and issues concerning the Arab nation in general.eTo that end, it seeks to examine andediagnose the situation in the Arab world - states and communities- to analyze social, economic and cultural policies and to provldhepolitical analysis, from an Arab perspectivh.e TheCenter publishes in both Arabic and English in order to make its work accessible to both Arab and non- Arab researchers.e The ArabCenter for Research andePolicyeStudies Al-Tarfa Street,eWrdi Al Banat Al-Dryrhe,eQatar POeBox 10277,eDoha +974e4035e4111 www.dohainstitute.org The “Abraram” Agreement: normalization of relations or annoencement of an existing Emirati-nbraeli aalianh Series: Situation Assessement Table of Contents 16 August 2020 History of Emirati-Israeli Relations . 1 Details of the Agreement . 3 Unit for Political Studies TheUnit for Political Studies is the Center’nedhpartment dhdicated to the study of the region’s most pressing current What Israel gains from the agreement . 4 rffairs. An integral andevital part of the ACRPS’ activities, it offers academically rigorous analysis on issues that are relevant and useful to the public, academics andepolicy-makers of the Arab region and beyond. TheUnit for Political Summary . .5 Studlhedraws on the collaborative efforts of a number of scholars basedewithin and outside the ACRPS. It produces three of the Center’nepublication series: Assessment Rhport,ePolicy Analysis, andeCase Analysis reports.e.e Cnpyright ©e2020 Arab Center for Research andePolicyeStudies. All Rights Reservhd.eeeeee The ArabCenter for Research andePolicyeStudies is an indhphedent research institute and think tank for the study of history and social sciences,ewith particular emphasis on the appalhd social sciences. TheCenter’neparamount concern is the advancement of Arab societies and states, their cooperation with one another and issues concerning the Arab nation in general.eTo that end, it seeks to examine andediagnose the situation in the Arab world - states and communities- to analyze social, economic and cultural policies and to provldhepolitical analysis, from an Arab perspectivh.e TheCenter publishes in both Arabic and English in order to make its work accessible to both Arab and non- Arab researchers.e The ArabCenter for Research andePolicyeStudies Al-Tarfa Street,eWrdi Al Banat Al-Dryrhe,eQatar POeBox 10277,eDoha +974e4035e4111 www.dohainstitute.org The “Abrarame“Agreementeenormalization of relations or annoencemenenof an existing Emirati-nbraeleraalianhe On 13 August, the White House announced that it had reachedewhat it referred to as a “historic” peace agreement between the United Arab Emirates (U“ ) and Israel.ePresident Trumpepublished the text of the joint statement for the agreement via Twitter,ewhere it was said that “President DonaldeTrump,e Prime Minister Bhejamin Netanyahu, andeCroweePrince Muhammad bin Zryhd of Abu Dhabi conductede talks todry and agreed to a complete normalization of relations between Israel and the U“ e.meDuring his dailyepress conference,eTrump announced that the coming weeks might see the conclusion of more peace deals, adding that he would havhewanted the agreement to be named after him, if not for fear of media reprisals. Thedeal, having brought Israeli-Emirati ties public and laid the groundwork for their further dhvelopment openly and unabasheday,ewas eventuallyedubbed the “Abraham” Agreement. History of Emirati-Israeli Relations The agreement announcd byePresident Trump serves to legitimize ties, both public and confidential,e npanning nearly twnedecades between the Emirates and Israel in fields of security, military, commerce,e and the economy. Abu Dhabi’neCommittee for Vital Establishments andeFacilities, responsible for safety and security, signed a contract valued at $816 million in 2008ewith AGT International, a Swiss company owned by Israeli businessman Mati Kochavl, for the purchase of surveillance materials for vital infrastructure in the Emirates, namely oil and gas facilities.(1) Thevhby same companyeprovldhde Abu Dhabi wlnae nabhhe dbnehne lee ree rnnhapne nne nnbheAnahee nahe arnnhb’ne lenhaalAhenhe rede nhnoblnye capabilities.(2) It also provldhdepolice forces in Abu Dhabi with a central security surveillance system known as Falcon Eyh,ework beginning officially on the project in Julye2016.(3) In August 2018, the U“ epurchased advanced cellphone hacking technology from the Israeli NSOeGroupe to surveil its detractors both at home and overseas, as well as those considered to be adversaries— namelyejournalists and intellectuals.(4) In Januarye2020, Amnesty International demandhd that Israel cease granting export licenses to the group,ewhose products have been used in attacknedescribed bye the organization as “vicious” against human rights activists in numerous states, including the U“ .(5) Militarily, the UAE conducts manyejoint exercises side by sidhewith Israel,(6) including “redeflag” exercises,e an advanced aerial drill suphbvised by the U.S. Air Force.(7) In March 2017 and April 2019,ethe UAE Air Force participated in military exercises known as Iniohos leeGreece,ewhere Israel was also present.(8) 1 Nissar Hoath, “AGTewins two government security contracts,” Emirates 24/7,e2/3/2008, accessed on 13/6/2020, at: httpnt//bit.ay/2UG5C5i 2 Uri Blau &e“vleScharf,e Mysterious Israeli Businessman BehindeMega-deal to SoppayeSpyePlanes to U“ ,meHaaretz,e21/8/2019, accessed on 14/6/2020, at: httpnt//bit.ay/3h0“dCH 3 “Abu Dhabi TutlaqeNliām “’“yn al-Srqr” al-’Amni li-Muraqabat al-Mrdina”,eAsharq Alawsat,e14eJulye2016. Accessede14eJune 2020evia httpnt//bit.ay/2C600vn;e Markaz al-Tahakkum” Yutliqe ’“yn al-Srqr” fi Abu Dhabi”,eEmarat Al Youm,e14eJulye2016, Accessede16eJune 2020evia httpnt//bit.ay/2C5nvsg. 4 DrvldeD.eKlbkpatricke& Azam Ahmed, “Hrnking a Prince, an Emir and a Journalist to Impress a Client,meNhweYorkeTimes,e31/8/2018, accessed on 17/6/2020,e at: httpnt//eyti.ms/3eo5DTT 5 Isra’il: Awqifu TasdlbeMrjmu’at NSO “li-Baramij al-Trjassus ila MuntahikleHoqoq al-Insan”, Amnesty International,e14eJanuarye2020, Accessede18eJune 2020e via httpnt//bit.ay/30UecSn. 6 United Arab Emirates air force participates in first RhdeFlag,meU.S. Air Force,e24/8/2009, accessed on 18/6/2020, at: httpnt//bit.ay/2BlMOma 7 “Israeli allies flyewith U.S. forces at RhdeFlag,meU.S. Air Force,e22/7/2009, accessed on 19/6/2020, at: httpnt//bit.ay/3drKnD3 8 Gili Cohen, “Israeli Air Force HoldneJoint Exercise with United Arab Emirates,eU.S. and Italy,meHaaretz,e29/3/2017, accessed on 14/6/2020, at: httpnt//bit. ay/30G4a6A; Anna Ahronheim, “Israel Air Force in Greece as part of Iniohos 2019,meJerusalem Post,e8/4/2019, accessed on 14/6/2020, at: httpnt//bit.ay/3fl7JDL 1 Situation Assessement | 16 August 2020 In order to guarantee safe navigation in the Gulf, Israeli military relations with the Emirates havhe deepened, especially after the Mrye2019 attacks on oil tankers near the port of al-Fojaira. In August of the same year, former Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs Israel Katz announced that Israel hade become part of “the international alliance for the security andeprotection of international shipping and guaranteeing the safety of maritime passagewrys”(9) established by the UnitedeStates which includes Saudi Arabia, the U“ ,eBahrain,eBritain, Australia, and Albania and aims to strengthen the safety and security of commercial vessels that transit through the maritime passages.(10) On the level of dlplomacy, culture, and athletics, Emirati-Israeli normalization has been a notable rdvancement in recent years. In October 2018, the Israeli Minister of Culture and Athletics,eMiri Regev,e made a public visit to Abu Dhabi.(11) At the same time, the Minister of Communications, Ayoob Kara,e participated in the International Telecommunication Union (-TU)ePlenipotentiaryeConference, helde leeDubai. Israeli Minister of Intelligence andeForeign Affairs, Israel Katz, made a visit to Abu Dhabi in Julye2019 to attend an environmental conference organized by the UnitedeNations. A delegation from the Israeli Ministry of Justice, led byeDhputy AttorneyeGeneral Dina Zilber, also visited Abu Dhabi to participate in an international anticorruption conference in December 2019. Israeli delegations,e alkhwise,e arvhe rppearede
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