WSC 2001-02 Conference 13
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Hemosporidian Blood Parasites in Seabirds—A Comparative Genetic Study of Species from Antarctic to Tropical Habitats
Naturwissenschaften (2010) 97:809–817 DOI 10.1007/s00114-010-0698-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Hemosporidian blood parasites in seabirds—a comparative genetic study of species from Antarctic to tropical habitats Petra Quillfeldt & Javier Martínez & Janos Hennicke & Katrin Ludynia & Anja Gladbach & Juan F. Masello & Samuel Riou & Santiago Merino Received: 21 May 2010 /Revised: 7 July 2010 /Accepted: 7 July 2010 /Published online: 23 July 2010 # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Whereas some bird species are heavily affected by ranging from Antarctica to the tropical Indian Ocean. We did blood parasites in the wild, others reportedly are not. Seabirds, not detect parasites in 11 of these species, including one in particular, are often free from blood parasites, even in the Antarctic, four subantarctic, two temperate, and four tropical presence of potential vectors. By means of polymerase chain species. On the other hand, two subantarctic species, thin- reaction, we amplified a DNA fragment from the cytochrome billed prions Pachyptila belcheri and dolphin gulls Larus b gene to detect parasites of the genera Plasmodium, scoresbii, were found infected. One of 28 thin-billed prions Leucocytozoon,andHaemoproteus in 14 seabird species, had a Plasmodium infection whose DNA sequence was identical to lineage P22 of Plasmodium relictum, and one of 20 dolphin gulls was infected with a Haemoproteus lineage which appears phylogenetically clustered with parasites P. Quillfeldt (*) : K. Ludynia : A. Gladbach : J. F. Masello Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, species isolated from passeriform birds such as Haemopro- Schlossallee 2, teus lanii, Haemoproteus magnus, Haemoproteus fringillae, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany Haemoproteus sylvae, Haemoproteus payevskyi,andHae- e-mail: [email protected] moproteus belopolskyi. -
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Spp. \(Eucoccidiorida
Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2007144335 PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP. (EUCOCCIDIORIDA: CRYPTOSPORIIDAE) IN SEVEN SPECIES OF FARM ANIMALS IN TUNISIA SOLTANE R.*, GUYOT K.**, DEI-CAS E.** & AYADI A.* Summary: Résumé : PRÉVALENCE DE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP. (EUCOCCIDIORIDA : CRYPTOSPORIIDAE) CHEZ SEPT ESPÈCES D’ANIMAUX DE FERME EN TUNISIE 1,001 faecal samples were obtained from 89 sheep (lambs and adult), 184 goats, 190 horses, 178 rabbits, 110 camels, 1001 prélèvements fécaux ont été obtenus à partir de 89 moutons, 200 broiler chicken and 50 turkeys housed in farms from different 184 chèvres, 190 chevaux, 178 lapins, 110 chameaux, localities in Tunisia. All samples were analysed for 200 poulets et 50 dindes élevés dans des fermes de différentes Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopic examination of smears localités en Tunisie. Tous les prélèvements ont été analysés pour la stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen technique. The parasite was recherche de Cryptosporidium par examen microscopique des detected in ten lambs and adult sheep (11.2 %) and nine broiler frottis colorés au Ziehl Neelsen modifié. Le parasite a été détecté chicken (4.5 %). Molecular characterization, performed in four chez dix ovins (11,2 %) et neuf poulets (4,5 %). La caractérisation animals, identified C. bovis in three lambs and C. meleagridis in moléculaire réalisée pour quatre isolats a identifié C. bovis chez one broiler chicken. This work is the first report on trois agneaux et C. meleagridis chez un poulet. Ce travail est le Cryptosporidium in farm animals in Tunisia. premier rapport sur Cryptosporidium chez des animaux de ferme en Tunisie. -
Black-Flies and Leucocytozoon Spp. As Causes of Mortality in Juvenile Great Horned Owls in the Yukon, Canada
Black-flies and Leucocytozoon spp. as Causes of Mortality in Juvenile Great Horned Owls in the Yukon, Canada D. Bruce Hunter1, Christoph Rohner2, and Doug C. Currie3 ABSTRACT.—Black fly feeding and infection with the blood parasite Leucocytozoon spp. caused mortality in juvenile Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) in the Yukon, Canada during 1989-1990. The mortality occurred during a year of food shortage corresponding with the crash in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations. We postulate that the occurrence of disease was mediated by reduced food availability. Rohner (1994) evaluated the numerical re- black flies identified from Alaska, USA and the sponse of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) Yukon Territory, Canada, 36 percent are orni- to the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle thophilic, 39 percent mammalophilic and 25 from 1988 to 1993 in the Kluane Lake area of percent autogenous (Currie 1997). Numerous southwestern Yukon, Canada. The survival of female black flies were obtained from the car- juvenile owls was very high during 1989 and casses of the juvenile owls, but only 45 of these 1990, both years of abundant hare populations. were sufficiently well preserved for identifica- Survival decreased in 1991, the first year of the tion. They belonged to four taxa as follows: snowshoe hare population decline (Rohner and Helodon (Distosimulium) pleuralis (Malloch), 1; Hunter 1996). Monitoring of nest sites Helodon (Parahelodon) decemarticulatus combined with tracking of individuals by radio- (Twinn), 3; Simulium (Eusimulium) aureum Fries telemetry provided us with carcasses of 28 ju- complex, 3; and Simulium (Eusimulium) venile owls found dead during 1990 and 1991 canonicolum (Dyar and Shannon) complex, 38 (Rohner and Doyle 1992). -
NEW CLASSIFICATION for Toxoplasma Gondii
LETTER TO THE EDITOR NEW CLASSIFICATION FOR Toxoplasma gondii Claudio Bruno Silva de Oliveira Dear Editor, I have been following the latest publications in the field of parasitology and have noticed that, despite the changes in the group that host the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that have been suggested since 2012 (Adl et al. 2012), many articles in several journals have not been updated (Liempi et al. 2014; Ning et al. 2015; Lorenzi et al. 2016). This can be explained by a certain protectionism regarding the form that has been used for several years. However, it is important to consider that this can also be due to some unfamiliarity with the current classification of eukaryotes and protozoa. Classically this protozoan is classified within the Protista kingdom, Apicomplexa phylum, Sporozoasida class, Eucoccidiorida order, Sarcocystidae family, and Toxoplasma genus (Current et al. 1990). This classification has been used for many decades, and it is well accepted by research groups in the area. Recently, however, Adl et al. (2012) seeking to standardize and organize different groups of eukaryotes, mainly protists, suggested a new classification based on phylogenetic and ultra-structural similarity. Now Toxoplasma gondii appears within a super group called SAR comprising: Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria. More precisely, it appears inside the Alveolata group (first group); among Alveolata it is classified as Apicomplexa (second group); among the Apicomplexa it is classified as Conoidasida (third group); among these it is classified as Coccidia (fourth group); and finally among the Coccidia it is part of Eimeriorina group (fifth group), along with other associated parasites such as Cyclospora and Neospora. -
Why the –Omic Future of Apicomplexa Should Include Gregarines Julie Boisard, Isabelle Florent
Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include Gregarines Julie Boisard, Isabelle Florent To cite this version: Julie Boisard, Isabelle Florent. Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include Gregarines. Biology of the Cell, Wiley, 2020, 10.1111/boc.202000006. hal-02553206 HAL Id: hal-02553206 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02553206 Submitted on 24 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Article title: Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include Gregarines. Names of authors: Julie BOISARD1,2 and Isabelle FLORENT1 Authors affiliations: 1. Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Département Adaptations du Vivant (AVIV), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. 2. Structure et instabilité des génomes (STRING UMR 7196 CNRS / INSERM U1154), Département Adaptations du vivant (AVIV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 26, 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Short Title: Gregarines –omics for Apicomplexa studies -
Detecting Avian Malaria: an Improved Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnostic
J. Parasilol, 89(5), 2003, pp. 1044-1047 O American Society of Parasitologists 2003 DETECTING AVIAN MALARIA: AN IMPROVED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION DIAGNOSTIC S. M. Fallon, R. E. Ricklefs, B. L. Swanson, and E. Bermingham* Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4499. e-mail: smfce4@studentmail. umsl. edu ABSTRACT: We describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects avian malarial infection across divergent host species and parasite lineages representing both Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. The assay is based on nucleotide primers designed to amplify a 286-bp fragment of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) coding sequence within the 6-kb mitochondrial DNA malaria genome. The rRNA malarial assay outperformed other published PCR diagnostic methods for detecting avian infections. Our data demonstrate that the assay is sensitive to as few as 10~5 infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood. Results of avian population surveys conducted with the rRNA assay suggest that prevalences of malarial infection are higher than previously documented, and that studies based on microscopic examination of blood smears may substantially underestimate the extent of parasitism by these apicomplexans. Nonetheless, because these and other published primers miss small numbers of infections detected by other methods, including inspection of smears, no assay now available for avian malaria is universally reliable. Avian malaria is caused by a group of apicomplexan species regions of the parasites' genome. Two assays (A and B) were of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus, which infect, among other designed in the nuclear-encoded 18S small subunit (SSU) of tissues, peripheral red blood cells of their vertebrate hosts. -
Cyclospora Cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: an Update
microorganisms Review Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update Sonia Almeria 1 , Hediye N. Cinar 1 and Jitender P. Dubey 2,* 1 Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Virulence Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA 2 Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 July 2019; Accepted: 2 September 2019; Published: 4 September 2019 Abstract: Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal–oral transmission cycle. It is globally distributed and an important cause of foodborne outbreaks of enteric disease in many developed countries, mostly associated with the consumption of contaminated fresh produce. Because oocysts are excreted unsporulated and need to sporulate in the environment, direct person-to-person transmission is unlikely. Infection by C. cayetanensis is remarkably seasonal worldwide, although it varies by geographical regions. Most susceptible populations are children, foreigners, and immunocompromised patients in endemic countries, while in industrialized countries, C. cayetanensis affects people of any age. The risk of infection in developed countries is associated with travel to endemic areas and the domestic consumption of contaminated food, mainly fresh produce imported from endemic regions. Water and soil contaminated with fecal matter may act as a vehicle of transmission for C. cayetanensis infection. The disease is self-limiting in most immunocompetent patients, but it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in some cases, and may colonize extra-intestinal organs in immunocompromised patients. -
Absence of Blood Parasites in the Red-Necked Nightjar
J. Field Ornithol., 68(4):575-579 ABSENCE OF BLOOD PARASITES IN THE REI•-NECKFJ• NIGHTJAR M•uEI• G. FO•RO •I• Jose L. TEI•I• Estacitn Bioltgicade Do•ana, C.S.I.C., Avda. M a Luisa s/n, Pabelltndel Perd, 41013 Sevilla,Spain ALVAROGAJON Serviciode Diagntsticode Fauna Silvestre,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidadde Zaragoza,Miguel Servet177 Zaragoza,Spain Abstract.--One-hundredand six Red-NeckedNighjars (Caprimulgusruficollis) were sampled in southern Spain to determine the incidence of haematozoainfection in relation to their expressionof sexual ornaments (i.e., white wing and tail patches). Birds were sampledjust after breeding and during molt, when blood parasitescould affect plumagecoloration, but none of these birds was infected by haematozoa.The low prevalenceof blood parasitesin this and other nightjarspecies cannot be satisfactorilyexplained at present. AUSENCIA DE PAR•ITOS SANGUiNEOS EN CAPRIMULGUS RUFICOLLIS Sinopsis.--Semuestrearon 106 individuosde Caprimulgusruficollis con el fin de determinar la posiblerelacitn entre la presenciade parfisitossangulneos y la expresi0nde ornamentos sexuales(manchas blancas en el ala y la cola) en estaespecie. Las avesfueron capturadas en Dofiana (sur de Espafia),coincidiendo con el final de la reproducci6ny la muda, finico momento en que podria verseafectada la coloraci6ndel plumaje. Sin embargo,ninguna de las avesestuvo parasitada. La bajaprevalencia de parfisitossanguineos en •sta y otrasespecies de chotacabrasno puede ser explicadaen basea la informacitn disponibleen la actualidad. In recent years, the incidence of avian blood parasitismhas received considerableattention from both evolutionistsand behavioral ecologists. Severalstudies have focusedon the possibledetrimental effectson host fitness (Allander and Bennett 1995, KorpimSki et al. 1993, RStti et al. 1993, Tella et al. 1996). Hamilton and Zuk (1982) have suggesteda re- lationship between a heritable resistanceto parasitesand bright colora- tion in birds. -
INFORME July 2014
Chapter 3: Baseline EIA Espejo de Tarapacá Region of Tarapacá, Chile INFORME July 2014 Prepared by: Environmental management Consultants S. A Father Mariano 103 Of. 307 7500499, Providencia, Chile Phone: + 56 2 719 5600 Fax: + 56 2 235 1100 www.gac.cl Capítulo 3: Línea de Base EIA Proyecto Espejo de Tarapacá Index 3. BASELINE ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2. Physical environment ................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.1 Atmosphere ........................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.1.1 Meteorology .................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1.2 Air quality ........................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.2.1.3 Noise and vibration ......................................................................................................... 3-9 3.2.1.4 Electromagnetic fields .................................................................................................. 3-29 3.2.1.5 Luminosity .................................................................................................................... -
DETECTION of TOXOPLASMA GONDII in FRESH PRODUCE By
DETECTION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN FRESH PRODUCE by DANAYA AMINA BETHEA (Under the Direction of Ynes R. Ortega) ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular obligate protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in humans. This study aimed to detect and genotype T. gondii in fresh produce. Six PCR assays using various Toxoplasma gene targets were examined for their suitability in vegetable matrices. The SAG2 PCR was selected for this study. Collectively, DNA was extracted from 818 vegetable samples acquired from 16 markets in Atlanta, GA, U.S. and 5 in Lima, Peru. Nested polymerase chain reaction was conducted using characterized primers for T. gondii SAG2 locus. PCR products were purified and sequenced. Detection via PCR showed that 2.5% and 0.79% of U.S and Peru samples tested positive, respectively. The detection of T. gondii in fresh produce indicates that it may play a role in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the U.S and Peru. It also emphasizes the need to develop methodologies to prevent dissemination and inactivation of viable oocysts in the environment. INDEX WORDS: Toxoplasma gondii, Fresh Produce, PCR, Genotyping, SAG2, Peru, Georgia DETECTION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN FRESH PRODUCE by DANAYA AMINA BETHEA B.S., Clark Atlanta University, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2014 © 2014 Danaya Amina Bethea All Rights Reserved DETECTION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN FRESH PRODUCE by DANAYA AMINA BETHEA Major Professor: Ynes R. Ortega Committee: Jennifer Cannon Joseph F. Frank Electronic Version Approved: Julie Coffield Interim Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2014 DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this manuscript to my family and friends, for their immeasurable love and support and my boyfriend Roderique John, for always being there for me. -
SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does Not Include Alcidae
SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does not include Alcidae CREATED BY AZA CHARADRIIFORMES TAXON ADVISORY GROUP IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA ANIMAL WELFARE COMMITTEE Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Charadriiformes Taxon Advisory Group. (2014). Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Original Completion Date: October 2013 Authors and Significant Contributors: Aimee Greenebaum: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Vice Chair, Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Alex Waier: Milwaukee County Zoo, USA Carol Hendrickson: Birmingham Zoo, USA Cindy Pinger: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Chair, Birmingham Zoo, USA CJ McCarty: Oregon Coast Aquarium, USA Heidi Cline: Alaska SeaLife Center, USA Jamie Ries: Central Park Zoo, USA Joe Barkowski: Sedgwick County Zoo, USA Kim Wanders: Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Mary Carlson: Charadriiformes Program Advisor, Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Perry: Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Crook-Martin: Buttonwood Park Zoo, USA Shana R. Lavin, Ph.D.,Wildlife Nutrition Fellow University of Florida, Dept. of Animal Sciences , Walt Disney World Animal Programs Dr. Stephanie McCain: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Veterinarian Advisor, DVM, Birmingham Zoo, USA Phil King: Assiniboine Park Zoo, Canada Reviewers: Dr. Mike Murray (Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA) John C. Anderson (Seattle Aquarium volunteer) Kristina Neuman (Point Blue Conservation Science) Sarah Saunders (Conservation Biology Graduate Program,University of Minnesota) AZA Staff Editors: Maya Seaman, MS, Animal Care Manual Editing Consultant Candice Dorsey, PhD, Director of Animal Programs Debborah Luke, PhD, Vice President, Conservation & Science Cover Photo Credits: Jeff Pribble Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management. -
Epidemiology of Toxoplasma Gondii in Thailand
Doctoral thesis University of Limoges Gay Lussac Doctoral School - Science for the Environment (ED 523) École Doctorale Gay Lussac - Sciences pour l’Environnement (ED 523) INSERM UMR 1094 Laboratory of Parasitology Thesis to obtain the grade of Doctor of University of Limoges Discipline/Speciality: Parasitology Presented and supported by Patcharee CHAICHAN 25 April 2017 Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in Thailand Thesis directed by Pr. Marie-Laure DARDÉ, Pr. Yaowalark SUKTHANA, Dr. Aurélien MERCIER and Dr. Aongart MAHITTIKORN JURY: President of jury Prof. Gilles DREYFUSS, Professor, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Limoges, France Reporters Prof. Marie-Hélène RODIER, Professor, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Poitiers, France Dr. HDR, Dominique AUBERT, Lecturer, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France Examiners Prof. Gilles DREYFUSS, Professor, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Limoges, France Prof. Marie-Laure DARDÉ, Professor, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Limoges, France Prof. Yaowalark SUKTHANA, Professor, Department of Protozoology, University of Mahidol, Thailand Dr. Aurélien MERCIER, Lecturer, Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Limoges, France “Never compare yourself or others to other people. Everyone has their own struggles, own fights, and a different path that they choose to get to where they are. Everyone is who they are for a reason.” “Never give up on something you really want. However impossible things may seem. There’s always a way.” “Experience tells you what to do; Confidence allows you to do it.” 2 Acknowledgement Firstly, I would like to thank to my principle supervisors, Pr. Marie-Laure Dardé and Pr. Yaowalark Sukthana who kindly accepted me for this project, supervised and mentored my work and gave me many advices to overcome the obstacles for along my thesis.