May-June 2019 Vol. 23/No. 3 AOML Keynotes ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY

AOML is an environmental laboratory of NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research located on Virginia Key in Miami, Florida

Thank You AOML Dr. John Cortinas ­Selected as New ­Director of AOML It is with great pride that I begin my John Cortinas, PhD, director of NOAA’s ­service as your new AOML director. AOML Office of Weather and Air Quality in Silver research touches every aspect of the Spring, ­Maryland, was named the new NOAA mission, and I want everyone in our ­director of AOML on June 13. He succeeds agency and the Nation to know and Dr. Robert Atlas in the ­position, who headed ­appreciate how much you ­contribute to the lab for close to 14 years before retiring their weather forecasts, healthy ­fisheries, from ­federal ­service on March 1. Dr. ­Cortinas and coastal ecosystems. With 27 years will assume leadership of AOML on July 8. supporting and leading NOAA’s weather Craig McLean, the assistant ­administrator research enterprise, I am ­f­amiliar with the of NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and hurricane research our lab leads and how ­Atmospheric ­Research, had this to say about we support the Weather Act. Dr. Cortinas’ appointment: “John Cortinas brings proven vision and ­leadership experi- I’m also learning about AOML’s legacy of ence to the Atlantic ­Oceanographic and ocean observing and ocean research that ­Meteorological Laboratory. He will lead the ­supports NOAA’s Blue Economy ­priorities lab’s basic and applied research to improve and advances our ability to understand the ­prediction of severe storms and deliver and protect changing ocean ­ecosystems. an ­enriched scientific understanding of our oceans for all of NOAA.” AOML’s portfolio is truly­diverse, ­supported Dr. Cortinas began his career with NOAA in 1992 as a research scientist with the by an increasingly ­diverse workforce. It’s ­Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma. an impressive portfolio, and I look­forward As a research scientist, he conducted studies with colleagues at NOAA’s National Severe to meeting the scientists and staff who Storms Laboratory in Norman, Oklahoma to improve winter weather products and services make it happen. at NOAA’s Storm Prediction Center. I want to hear from you. Over the next After 11 years of studies focused on hazardous winter weather, severe storms, numerical month I will be speaking with you to learn modeling, and other topics, he became the director of NOAA Research’s Cooperative even more about the amazing things you ­Institute Program. In this capacity, he guided the administration, grant management, and are doing so I can accurately talk about policy development of NOAA’s Cooperative Institutes across the United States. The the value of AOML to the Nation. As I go ­program supports more than a 1,000 scientists and students at academic institutions who around the lab to meet with you, I encour- ­collaborate with NOAA researchers to meet the agency’s mission goals. age you to engage me in your achieve- He assumed directorship of the Office of Weather and Air Quality, a NOAA Research ments, initiatives, and even challenges. I’ll program focused on improving National Weather Service products and services for high-­ be here to support our progress and impact weather events, in 2010. In this role, Dr. Cortinas also oversaw NOAA’s US ­Weather ­ensure AOML is ready to address the Research Program, the Joint Technology Transfer Initiative, and hosted the National Earth ­Nation’s challenges today and in the System Prediction Capability project office. ­future. During this time, I will also be Throughout his career, Dr. Cortinas has been a passionate advocate for underrepresented working with the laboratory leadership to groups in science, technology, engineering, and math. He is a member of ­several scientific prepare for the upcoming laboratory organizations that work to improve diversity within these fields, including the ­Society for ­review, which will inform a new strategic the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science, the National Organization plan, both of which will guide many of our of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals, Latinos@NOAA, the American decisions over the next several years. Geophysical Union, and the American Meteorological Society. Thanks to everyone at AOML for ­welcoming Dr. Cortinas grew up in Omaha, Nebraska as the oldest of five children. He received a me as your newest director. I am very B.S. in Meteorology from Metropolitan State University of Denver in 1987 and a doctorate ­excited to be here and look forward to in Geophysical Sciences from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta in 1992. He is working with this amazing team! the author/coauthor of numerous scientific articles and has served on a variety of ­national and international scientific working groups and committees. John Cortinas Congratulations to Dr. John Cortinas on his appointment as the new director of AOML. NOAA Issues Seasonal Outlook for the 2019 Atlantic Hurricane Season

“Preparing ahead of a disaster is the NOAA’s 2019 Atlantic Hurricane Seasonal Outlook ­responsibility of all levels of ­government, the private sector, and the Named Storms public. It only takes one event to 9-15 Above ...... normal devastate a community. Stay tuned to 30% 30% your local news and make sure you heed Hurricanes Below normal any warnings issued by local officials.” 4-8 ...... Daniel Kaniewski, Deputy Director 40% Near normal Federal Emergency Management Agency Major Hurricanes 2-4 NOAA released its 2019 pre-season hurricane outlook for the Atlantic basin on May 23. The outlook calls for a 40% The 2019 hurricane season marks the for one of the most ­dangerous inland chance of a near-normal season and equal first time NOAA’s fleet of Earth-observing threats from hurricanes. chances (30% each) for either an above- satellites includes three operational next- • Upgraded radar systems on board or ­below-normal season. The close generation satellites. With the addition of NOAA’s Hurricane Hunter aircraft that will ­percentages are the result of the large these satellites, unique and valuable data ­enable scientists to collect higher-resolution­ ­uncertainty in predicting the climate ­signals will be assimilated into hurricane models data. These enhanced observations will be occurring at this time. to help forecasters make critical decisions transmitted in near-real time to hurricane For this year, NOAA predicts a likely days in advance. specialists at the National Hurricane ­Center, range of 9 to 15 named storms (39 mph “New satellite data and other upgrades the Central Pacific Hurricane Center,­ and winds or higher) that will develop in the to products and services from NOAA forecasters at National ­Weather Service ­Atlantic basin during the 6-month long ­enable a more Weather-Ready Nation by weather forecast offices. hurricane season from June 1 to ­November providing the public and decision makers NOAA’s outlooks provide a general 30. Of these storms, 4 to 8 are expected to with the information needed to take action guide to the expected overall ­activity for become hurricanes (74 mph winds or before, during, and after a hurricane,” said the upcoming ­season; it is not a landfall higher), with 2 to 4 of these hurricanes Dr. Neil Jacobs, acting NOAA ­administrator. forecast. Vulnerable communities should strengthening to become major hurricanes Additional measures to improve forecasts maintain the same level of ­preparedness (category 3, 4, or 5, with winds of 111 mph and communications this year include: regardless of the anticipated ­activity, as it or higher). These ranges are centered on • A significant upgrade to NOAA’s­Global only takes one storm to cause a disaster. the average for the ­Atlantic hurricane Forecast System–often called the ­American The 2019 Atlantic pre­-season hurricane ­seasons, i.e., 12 named storms, 6 hurri- model–early in the 2019 hurricane season. outlook is an official product of NOAA’s canes, and 3 major hurricanes. This major upgrade to the ­dynamical core Climate Prediction Center, produced in The uncertainty in the outlook reflects of the model, the first in almost 40 years, collaboration with the National Hurricane competing climate factors. The ongoing is expected to improve tropical cyclone Center and AOML. NOAA will issue an El Niño is expected to persist and could track and intensity forecasts. updated outlook in early August at the suppress the amount of overall hurricane • Coastal storm surge watches/warnings­ start of the climatological peak months of activity for the season. Countering El that ­include Puerto Rico and the US ­Virgin the ­Atlantic season (August-September-­ Niño is the expected combination of Islands. Excessive rainfall outlooks will October). Historically, the majority of warmer-than-average sea-surface tempera- also be available on the ­National ­Hurricane hurricane ­activity occurs during this tures in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Center website, ­providing ­greater visibility 3-month period. Caribbean Sea and an enhanced West ­African monsoon, both of which favor ­increased seasonal hurricane activity.

2019 Atlantic Storm Names Andrea Humberto Olga Barry Imelda Pablo Chantal Jerry Rebekah Dorian Karen Sebastien Erin Lorenzo Tanya Fernand Melissa Van Gabrielle Nestor Wendy Photo courtesy of K.C. Wilsey, FEMA. Mexico Beach, Florida on October 14, 2018 following the landfall of Category-5 Hurricane Michael. 2 | May-June 2019 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/ Study Explores the Use of Autonomous Vehicles for Ecosystem Assessments

“We have the ability to use advances in biological technology­ to get a holistic, richer picture of the status of the marine ­ecosystem and all the species that make up the food web.” Dr. Kelly Goodwin AOML molecular biologist

AOML scientists and colleagues at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research ­Institute ­partnered in June to conduct a complex mission that integrated acoustic measurements with autonomous sample Three research ships—the R/V Western Flyer, the NOAA Ship Reuben Lasker, and collection for the analysis of ­environmental DNA (eDNA). Through the R/V Rachel Carson—were used to assess the viability of integrating ­acoustic this and other efforts, AOML ­scientists hope to develop faster and ­measurements with autonomous sample collection for environmental DNA. cheaper ­ecosystem assessment ­methods, ­ensure ­sustainable ­Photo credit: NOAA. ­f­isheries, and broaden understanding of life in the oceans. One goal of the mission was to test the viability of integrating The joint operation brought ­together three research vessels, as eDNA to describe biodiversity with that of acoustics to ­estimate well as several autonomous vehicles. The NOAA Ship Reuben ­animal biomass. To this end, the two autonomous vehicles were Lasker ­conducted trawling and acoustic surveys in support of the joined by a Saildrone and Monterey Bay Institute waveglider that Pelagic Juvenile Rockfish Recruitment and­­­Ecosystem Assessment carried acoustic ­technology to ­locate and estimate biomass. Informa- Survey. As part of the Monterey Bay ­Institute’s Controlled, ­Agile, tion ­collected by the ­research ships will be used to ground truth the and Novel ­Observing Network, the R/V Western Flyer and accuracy of the information obtained by the autonomous vehicles. R/V ­Rachel ­Carson collected water samples and ­deployed a suite The mission was a collaborative effort ­between a NOAA Omics of ­autonomous instruments. project led by AOML ­molecular biologist Dr. Kelly Goodwin, the Among the instruments deployed were two long-range ­Marine Biodiversity Observation ­Network and the Controlled, ­autonomous ­underwater vehicles equipped with third-generation ­Agile, and Novel ­Observing Network experiment led by Dr. Environmental ­Sample Processors. These vehicles collected and ­Francisco Chavez (for more information, see https://www.mbari. preserved samples for the ­analysis of eDNA to describe the org/canon-spring-2019/). ­biodiversity of the marine ecosystem, ­including a variety of Goodwin is ­exploring the use of autonomous vehicles for eDNA ­microbes, phytoplankton, and fish. analysis as a more comprehensive way of assessing ecosystem and ­fisheries status. In addition to investigating the microbes and plankton that make up the food web, eDNA from fish and marine mammals can be ­obtained from sloughed skin, mucus, or excre- ment found in the water column. This approach offers a new, non-invasive way of ­assessing marine life populations without the need for ­biopsies or ­trawling to collect samples. By integrating eDNA with ­autonomous vehicles, NOAA can ­increase the ­spatial and temporal reach of its sampling ­efforts ­compared to traditional methods. ­Research vessels cannot reach all areas of the ocean (e.g., the deep ocean or ice-covered regions) and cost ­prohibits ­covering the entirety of an area, increasing the ­likelihood of ­missing ­important changes in species ­distribution and abundance. By improving autonomous sampling technologies, ­observing efforts can be ­streamlined, enabling ­researchers to A long-range autonomous underwater vehicle is prepared for deployment to ­collect and process samples for the analysis of environmental DNA. Photo credit: ­collect data ­remotely while reducing the time, ­effort, and cost Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. needed for sampling.

Molecular Versus Mechanical Sea turtles, as well as every other animal, hold DNA that contains bits of ­information about them. When animals shed skin, urinate, or defecate, DNA is released into the ­environment around them. Tracking the signal of this ­environmental DNA, or eDNA, can be used to track the animals themselves. eDNA analysis can be ­performed more quickly, easily, and inexpensively than ­traditional scientific sampling methods, which often­involve physically capturing animals. The use of eDNA is being tested as a way to ­monitor populations of sea turtles, as well as a variety of marine ­animals, ­including whales, ­porpoises, and fish. While research is ongoing to optimize the ­technique, eDNA is a less invasive, promising ­methodology that can save ­scientists time, money, and manpower when compared to traditional sampling.

This text is adapted from a news article on the NOAA Research website(https:// ­ research.noaa.gov/).­ www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/ May-June 2019 | 3 Environmental Buoy in American Samoa Opens Window into a Changing Ocean

“This new monitoring effort in a ­remote area of the Pacific Ocean will not only ­advance our understanding of changing ocean chemistry in this valuable and ­vibrant coral ecosystem, but will also help us communicate these changes to diverse stakeholders in the Pacific Islands and across the United States.” Dr. Derek Manzello AOML coral ecologist

NOAA and partners have launched a new environmental monitoring buoy in Photo credit: NOAA Fagatele Bay within NOAA’s National National Park Service staff visit the newly deployed ocean acidification buoy located in Fagatele Bay of the Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. Data from the buoy will help researchers more effectively The buoy was deployed to ­measure ­carbon communicate the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems to local resource managers. dioxide in the waters around a vibrant tropical coral reef ecosystem. depend on them. Each buoy collects data are able to leverage existing monitoring Fagatele Bay is home to more than 160 on carbon dioxide from surface seawater and ­research programs to better under- species of coral, as well as giant clams, and the atmosphere, as well as data on stand the impacts of ocean acidification on fish, dolphins, and the critically - endan ­water ­temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, coral reef ecosystems. gered ­hawksbill sea turtle. Coral reefs and and chlorophyll. Data collected from the buoy can be shellfish are particularly ­vulnerable to the A team of ­scientists also conduct long- viewed on the Pacific Marine Environ- impacts of increasing carbon dioxide in term monitoring of the ­surrounding coral mental Lab and Pacific Islands­ Ocean the ocean. reef ecosystem. “Each buoy is unique Observing­ ­System ­websites. The data are As the ocean absorbs carbon ­dioxide based on the ­location and partners also available to other researchers and the from the atmosphere, the acidity of ­involved,” said ­Dr. Adrienne Sutton, an ­public. ­seawater increases. This process, known ­oceanographer with NOAA’s ­Pacific The new environmental buoy was as ocean ­acidification, can threaten the ­Marine ­Environmental Lab who oversees ­established through the collaborative ability of shellfish and corals to build their NOAA’s ocean acidification mooring ­effort of partners that ­included ­the Pacific skeletons, hamper new coral growth, and ­network. “It takes a whole ­village to ­create ­Islands Ocean Observing­ ­System, the accelerate reef ­erosion. The loss of coral and manage an ocean acidification­observing ­National Park of American Samoa, the reefs impacts ­local economies, ­affecting site like this.” Department of ­Marine and ­Wildlife the health of fisheries and ­tourism and The Fagatele Bay buoy is modeled on ­Resources of ­American ­Samoa, the Coral ­exposing coastal ­communities to increased the ocean acidification monitoring station Reef Advisory Group of ­American ­Samoa, storm surge. in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaii, which ­combines AOML, the Pacific ­Marine Environmental “The deployment of this buoy comple- ­automated environmental monitoring with Laboratory, NOAA’s Ocean Acidification ments existing monitoring efforts in applied science by ­government, cultural, and Coral Reef Conservation­ programs, Fagatele Bay, and the data will be benefi- academic, and citizen scientists. By the ­Pacific ­Islands Fisheries Science cial for all ocean management partners in ­deploying an ocean acidification ­moni- ­Center, and the National Marine ­Sanctuary the Territory,” said Atuatasi Lelei-Peau, ­toring buoy in the sanctuary, researchers of ­American Samoa. Acting Superintendent of the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. “It was great to see the local resource ­management ­agencies come together to support this important project.” Through an array of moored carbon ­dioxide buoys near the ­nation’s coral reefs, NOAA is working to improve ­understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on reefs and the species that

This article is adapted from a news article on the NOAA Research website (https://research.noaa.gov) Aerial view of Fagatele Bay in American Samoa. Photo credit: NOAA. 4 | May-June 2019 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/ Outreach Events Prepare South Florida for Hurricane Season

With the start of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season less than 2 weeks away, ­AOML’s hurricane scientists, oceanographers, and communications staff ­participated in back-to-back outreach events in May focused on hurricane preparedness and ­education. The Fort Lauderdale Museum of Discovery and Science hosted Eye of the Storm: ­Hurricane Science, Mitigation and ­Preparedness on Saturday, May 18, while the Phillip and Patricia Frost ­Museum of Science in Miami ­hosted Hurricane Day on Sunday, May 19. The two events featured interactive exhibits, demonstrations, and ­activities for both children and adults aimed at helping local communities better ­prepare for hurricane season and the possibility of severe weather should a tropical system impact the region. They also explored the science of how ­hurricanes form and intensify and the dangers they pose to life and property. Along with ­forecasters from NOAA’s National Weather Service, guests at these events were able to chat with AOML’s scientists, ask­questions, and learn how they ­support NOAA’s ­mission of building a more weather-ready ­nation by gathering data in the eye and ­surrounding ­environment of tropical systems that are critical to forecasts. They also learned about the ­technology and ­modeling ­capabilities, as well as ­instruments, that NOAA will use during the 2019 season to improve track and ­intensity forecasts. Between the two events, AOML staff reached almost 5,000 attendees.

Upper right: AOML hurricane scientist Shirley Murillo staffs the NOAA booth during the Eye of the Storm event at the Fort Lauderdale Museum of Discovery and Science. Lower right: AOML communications director Erica Rule (kneeling) lets a young­patron explore the inner workings of a GPS ­dropsonde at the Phillip and Patricia Frost ­Museum of ­Science in Miami.

South Florida Leaders Meet to Discuss the Upcoming Hurricane Season AOML Deputy Director Dr. Molly Baringer joined other South Florida leaders on May 30 for a pre-hurricane season briefing at the Broward County Emergency ­Operations Center. The event was hosted by Congresswoman Debbie­Wasserman Schultz with Congresswoman Donna Shalala in attendance as an invited guest. For the 2019 ­Atlantic season, NOAA is predicting 9-15 named storms. Molly ­discussed ­AOML’s research transitions and ­technology that are ­helping NOAA ­advance its forecasting capability to warn and protect vulnerable ­communities from severe weather. Other participants included representatives from the ­National Hurricane Center, federal, Broward, and ­Miami-Dade emergency ­management agencies, Florida Army ­National Guard, American Red Cross of South Florida, and Florida Power and Light. Dr. Molly Baringer (upper left) discusses NOAA’s efforts to improve forecasts.

Hurricane Scientists Fly Missions into Hurricane Barry AOML’s hurricane scientists flew five missions into Hurricane Barry aboard NOAA’s ­Hurricane Hunter aircraft in July, sampling the storm from a developing area oflow ­pressure in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to an ­intensifying tropical storm off the coast of ­Louisiana. Data gathered on the missions—including more than 100 ­dropsondes to measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity, as well as Doppler ­radar for three-dimensional depictions of Barry’s wind field and rainfall structure—were­assimilated into NOAA’s Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model to ­improve track and ­intensity forecasts. The missions were the first flown for the 2019 Atlantic ­season in ­support of AOML’s Hurricane Field Program. Barry made landfall as a ­Category-1 hurricane near Intracoastal City, Lousiana, on July 13, bringing torrential rain and flooding to coastal and inland communities in Lousiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Arkansas. AOML hurricane scientist Kathryn Sellwood monitors Barry from aboard NOAA’s Hurricane Hunter P-3 aircraft. www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/ May-June 2019 | 5 New Weather Station Observations Augment Temperature Profile Data In May, Patrick Halsall, a University of Miami-Cooperative Institute research associate at AOML, was the scientific “­rider” aboard the M/V Chicago Express during the AX07 repeat ­expendable bathythermograph transect from Miami, Florida and Gibraltar. AOML conducts expendable bathythermograph cruises in all ocean basins to measure the mean flow and changes in physical properties across major ocean current systems, as well as the heat content of the upper 1 kilometer of the ocean. During the cruise across the North Atlantic, Patrick ­installed a weather station designed and built by AOML’s engineering staff aboard the ­Chicago Express, A ­Hapag-Lloyd vessel, to collect ­meteorological data for weather and climate studies. These data—relative­humidity, ­temperature, atmospheric ­pressure—are invaluable for weather ­forecasting and will be used to calculate ­atmospheric heat and ­moisture fluxes. In the coming months, the weather station will be installed on all of the research vessels and volunteers ships of opportunity that gather data on behalf of NOAA along AOML’s ­expendable bathythermograph transects.

Weather station installed on the bridge wing of the M/V Chicago Express.

Oceanographers Celebrate World Oceans Day at the Frost Museum AOML oceanographers celebrated World Oceans Day at the Phillip and ­Patricia Frost Museum of Science in Miami on June 8. The international event is ­hosted ­annually to bring greater awareness to the critical role the oceans play in all aspects of life on Earth, as well as the challenges that increasingly compromise their health. At the NOAA booth, AOML staff highlighted the role ocean-observing instruments play in enabling scientists to better understand the evolving state of the upper ocean, ­thereby advancing understanding of the ocean’s role in world climate. They also ­featured an underwater glider that autonomously gathers data in support of AOML oceanographer Renellys Perez (upper left) demonstrates ­hurricane forecasts. Museum patrons additionally had the chance to learn how to young patrons at the Frost Museum how ocean currents are ­impacted by temperature and salinity. ­differences in the ­temperature and salinity of seawater drive ocean currents.

Surface Oceanic Carbon Sampling System Installed aboard Cruise Ship In June, Kevin Sullivan, a University of Miami-Cooperative Institute senior research

­associate at AOML, installed an autonomous ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) sampling ­system aboard the ­Flora, a new Celebrity­ Cruises ship ­specifically ­designed for tours of the ­Galapagos Islands. Data gathered by the sampling system are in ­support of the

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) and are part of an ongoing partnership ­between Royal Caribbean ­Cruises Ltd. and the University of Miami’s ­Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ­Sciences to outfit cruise ships with ­autonomous scientific sensors. Real-time ­surface ­oceanic carbon dioxide measurements are transmitted to

AOML along repeating routes. These time series data ­support carbon cycle and ocean The new Celebrity Cruises ship Flora will gather surface oceanic acidification ­research. A capacity-building ­component of the ­effort ­includes a visit of ­carbon dioxide data along reapeating routes in the Galapagos Islands. Dr. Rafael Bermúdez-Monsalve­ of the Charles ­Darwin Research Station, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, to AOML for­ ­training on how to use the data gathered from this unique collaboration to understand processes that impact the changing carbon dioxide levels in the Galapagos region.

AOML Supports Ocean Sampling Day On June 21, AOML molecular biologist Kelly Goodwin and colleagues at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography gathered water samples from the Scripps pier in support of Ocean Sampling Day. Now in its fifth year, Ocean Sampling Day is an international event held annually on the Summer Solstice to sample the world’s oceans and coastal waters for microorganisms. These microscopic members of the ocean ecosystem—bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses—may make up greater than 90 percent of the ocean’s biomass. Data collected from across the globe on Ocean Sampling Day serve as baseline information that can be used to discern changes in the biodiversity of marine microbes over time at the same locations.Following genetic analysis, the samples are archived and made publicly available.

A bucket is lowered into the water from the Scripps Institution of Oceaongraphy pier to ­gather ­samples for microbial analysis.

6 | May-June 2019 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/ AOML Welcomes Summer Welcome Aboard Interns Dr. George “Trey” Alvey joined AOML’s Hurricane Research Division in May as a ­University of Miami-Cooperative Institute research ­associate. AOML began welcoming its 2019 ­summer Trey recently earned his PhD ­in Atmospheric Science and ­Meteorology interns to the lab in May. In the ­coming from the University of Utah. He will work with Dr. Jon Zawislak to weeks, they will work with AOML ­mentors evaluate real and ­idealized ­simulations of sheared tropical cyclones and to ­perform research, assist with field the ­processes ­behind the symmetrization of precipitation in intensifying sampling efforts, and ­provide ­technical storms. ­support to the lab’s science programs. ­Below is a brief synopsis of how each NOAA Corps officer LCDR Andrew Colegrove joined AOML’s ­Office ­intern will be spending their time at AOML. of the Director in May as the new Associate Director. Andrew will tend to Addison Alford, a graduate ­student at both safety and security issues at AOML, as well as manage the ­day-to-day the University of Oklahoma, will work operation and maintenance of the AOML facility. Prior to his arrival at with Dr. Jun Zhang on ­examining ­changes AOML, Andrew served as the Executive Officer aboard the NOAA Ship in the boundary layer structure of ­land- Henry B. Bigelow, focused on studying and monitoring marine fisheries falling hurricanes. and mammals along the northeast and mid-Atlantic coasts from Maine to Aden Annane, a Miami-Dade County North Carolina. high school student, will work with Neal Dr. Anderson Mayfield joined the staff of AOML’s Ocean Chemistry Dorst and Dr. Jon Zawislak on a project to and Ecosystems Division in May as a University of Miami-Cooperative ­archive and digitize legacy aircraft data. ­Institute assistant scientist. Anderson will work with Drs. Derek ­Manzello Rafael de la Cova, a Broward high and Ian Enochs to understand molecular mechanisms of coral resilience school student, will work with Dr. Jon to heat stress using molecular biology-focused methodologies. He holds ­Zawislak on updating web pages for the a PhD in Zoology from the University of Hawaii and has previously Hurricane Research Division. held postdoctoral appointments at Taiwan’s National Museum of Marine Alrick Green, a graduate student at San ­Biology and Aquarium and the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation. Jose State University, will work with the Hurricane Modeling Group to ­examine Heidi Van Buskirk joined AOML’s Office of the Director in May as the impacts of environmental shear AOML’s new communications intern. Heidi will work with Erica Rule, the on the tropical cyclone intensification director of communications at AOML, for the next year by ­writing ­science ­problem using the Hurricane ­Weather articles for the AOML web page, managing AOML’s social ­media, and ­Research and Forecasting system. supporting outreach events at the lab. She is currently a ­graduate ­student in Nicholas Johnson, a NOAA Hollings the Master of Professional Science program at the University of Miami’s Scholar from the University of Alabama, Rosenstiel School. will work with Dr. Jon Zawislak to produce visualizations of aircraft data synthesized from multiple instruments on the NOAA Congratulations hurricane hunter aircraft in support of Evan Forde, an AOML oceanographer, was named the Federal ­Employee the development of real-time products to of the Year for Community Service at the 54th annual South Florida be made available by AOML during hurri- ­Federal ­Executive Board’s banquet on June 21st. For more than 30 years, cane missions. Evan has volunteered hundreds of hours annually to creating/enhancing Alan Martin of the University of ­Miami public education and youth opportunities. During this period, he also and Eric Pikula of Salem State ­University ­organized and participated in efforts to feed hungry families. An ­additional in Salem, Massachusetts, will work with example of his community service is that he serves on the board of ­directors Drs. Chris Sinigalliano and Maribeth ­Gidley of a Boys and Girls Club where he regularly interacts with the students and has promoted to compare ­molecular methodologies for ­programs at the club designed to enhance parental participation. extracting genetic material. Rachel Martin, a NOAA Hollings ­Scholar Grant Rawson, a University of Miami-Cooperative Institute research from Ohio University, will work with Dr. associate with AOML’s Physical Oceanography Division, earned an MS Chris Kelble to better understand the use degree in May from the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of and impact of ecological indicators for ­Marine and Atmospheric Science. Grant’s thesis work involved the use ecosystem management.­ of a geographic information ­system to display and analyze data from Shannon McCloskey, an ­undergraduate AOML’s underwater gliders, ­deployed ­annually in support of the ­Atlantic student at the University of Florida, will ­hurricane season. The ­gliders ­gather temperature, salinity, and dissolved work with Dr. Jon Zawislak on ­migrating oxygen ­measurements in the ­Caribbean Sea and tropical ­Atlantic Ocean web pages to the new AOML platform. that are assimilated into hurricane­ forecast models.­ Kelly Nuñez Ocasio, a PhD student at Dr. Luke Thompson, a Northern Gulf ­Institute professor with AOML’s Pennsylvania State University, will work Ocean Chemistry and ­Ecosystems Division, has been selected as the 2019 with Drs. Sim Aberson, Jon ­Zawislak, and recipient of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Graduate Teaching Ghassan Alaka to study the evolution of Award. The award is in recognition of Luke’s successful efforts in ­teaching tropical easterly waves over Africa and Scripps students about data science using the Python programming the eastern Atlantic. ­language, a course he has taught at Scripps since 2015. www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/ May-June 2019 | 7 Recent Publications (AOML authors are denoted by bolded capital letters) Asaad, I., C.J. Lundquist, M.V. Erdmann, R. VAN Forecasting (HWRF) model. Quarterly Journal HOOIDONK, and M.J. Costello, 2018: ­Designating of the Royal Meteorological Society, 144(715): spatial priorities for marine biodiversity 1803-1819. ­conservation in the Coral Triangle. Frontiers in U.S. Department of Commerce Marine Science, 5:400. Langdon, C., R. Albright, A.C. Baker, and P.R. Mr. Wilbur L. Ross, Jr. JONES, 2018: Two threatened Caribbean Secretary of Commerce Bashmachnikov, I., T. Belonenko, P. Kuibin, D. ­species having contrasting responses to www.doc.gov VOLKOV, and V. Foux, 2018: Pattern of vertical ­combined temperature and acidification velocity in the Lofoten vortex (the Norwegian stress. Limnology and Oceanography, 63(6): Sea). Ocean Dynamics, 68(12):1711-1725. 2450-2464.

Blackwell, W.J., S. Braun, R. Bennartz, C. Lavrinienko, A., T. Mappes, E. Tukalenko, T.A. Velden, M. DeMaria, R. ATLAS, J. DUNION, F. Mousseau, A.P. Moller, R. Knight, J.T. Morton, MARKS, R. ROGERS, B. ANNANE, and R.V. L.R. THOMPSON, and P.C. Watts, 2018: National Oceanic and ­Leslie, 2018: An overview of the TROPICS ­Environmental radiation alters the gut micro- Atmospheric Administration NASA Earth Venture mission. Quarterly ­Journal biome of the bank vole Myodes glareolus. The of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141(S1): ISME Journal, 12(11):2801-2806. Dr. Neil A. Jacobs 16-26. Acting Undersecretary of Commerce Reverdin, G., N. Metzl, S. Olafsdotir, V. Racape, for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator Boukabara, S.-A., K. Ide, Y. Zhou, N. Shahroudi, T. Takahashi, M. Benetti, H. Valdimarsson, A. www.noaa.gov R.N. HOFFMAN, K. Garrett, V. Krishna Kumar, Benoit-Cattin, M. Danielsen, J. Fin, A. Naamar, T. Zhu, and R. ATLAS, 2018: Community global D. PIERROT, K. SULLIVAN, F. BRINGAS, and G. Observing System Simulation Experiment GONI, 2018: SURATLANT: A 1993-2017 surface (OSSE) package (CGOP): Assessment and sampling in the central part of the North Office of Oceanic and ­validation of the OSSE system using an OSSE- ­Atlantic subpolar gyre. Earth System Science ­Atmospheric Research OSE intercomparison of summary assessment Data, 10(4):1901-1924. Mr. Craig N. McLean metrics. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Assistant Administrator Technology, 35(10):2061-2078. Robbins, L.L., K.L. Daly, L. BARBERO, R. www.oar.noaa.gov ­WANNINKHOF, R. He, H. Zong, J.T. Lisle, W.-J. BUCCI, L.R., C. O’Handley, G.D. Emmitt, J.A. Cai, and C.G. Smith, 2018: Spatial and­temporal

ZHANG, K. RYAN, and R. ATLAS, 2018: variability of pCO2, carbon fluxes, and ­Validation of an airborne Doppler wind lidar in ­saturation state on the West Florida Shelf. tropical cyclones. Sensors, 18(12):4288. Journal of ­Geophysical Research-Oceans, 123(9):6174-6188. Franzosa, E.A., L.J. McIver, G. Rahnavard, L.R. THOMPSON, M. Schirmer, G. Weingart, K. Sun, S., C. Hu, O. Garcia-Pineda, V. Kourafalou, Atlantic Oceanographic and Schwarzberg-Lipson, R. Knight, J.G. Caporaso, M. LE HENAFF, and Y. Androulidakis, 2018: Meteorological Laboratory N. Segata, and C. Huttenhower, 2018:­Species- ­Remote sensing assessment of oil spills near a level functional profiling of metagenomes and damaged platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Dr. John V. Cortinas metatranscriptomes. Nature ­Methods, 15(11): ­Marine Pollution Bulletin, 136:141-151. Director 962-968. Tang, J., J.A. ZHANG, C. Kieu, and F.D. MARKS, Dr. Molly O. Baringer Gray, A.R., K.S. Johnson, S.M. Bushinsky, S.C. 2018: Sensitivity of hurricane intensity and Deputy Director Riser, J.L. Russell, L.D. Talley, R. WANNINKHOF, structure to two types of planetary boundary N.L. Williams, and J.L. Sarmiento, 2018: layer parameterization schemes in idealized LCDR Andrew R. Colegrove HWRF simulations. Tropical Cyclone Research Associate Director ­Autonomous biogeochemical floats detect ­significant carbon dioxide outgassing in the and Review, 7(4):201-211. Dr. Frank D. Marks high-latitude Southern Ocean. Geophysical Hurricane Research Division Director ­Research Letters, 45(17):9049-9057. Tong, M., J.A. SIPPEL, V. Tallapragada, E. Liu, C. Kieu, I.-H. Kwon, W. Wang, Q. Liu, Y. Ling, and Dr. James C. Hendee HOLBACH, H.M., E.W. Uhlhorn, and M.A. B. Zhang, 2018: Impact of assimilating aircraft Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Bourassa, 2018: Off-nadir SFMR brightness reconnaissance observations on tropical­cyclone Division Director temperature measurements in high-wind initialization and prediction using ­operational ­conditions.Journal of Atmospheric and ­Oceanic HWRF and GSI ensemble-­variational hybrid Dr. Gustavo J. Goni data assimilation. Monthly Weather Review, Physical Oceanography Division Director Technology, 35(9):1865-1879. 146(12):4155-4177. HOFFMAN, R.N., V.K. Kumar, S.-A. Boukabara, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway K. Ide, F. Yang, and R. ATLAS, 2018: Progress in Tratt, D.M., J.A. Hackwell, B.L. Valant-Spaight, Miami, FL 33149 forecast skill at three leading global ­operational R.L. Walterscheid, L.J. Gelinas, J.H. Hecht, C.M. www.aoml.noaa.gov NWP centers during 2015-2017 as seen in Swenson, C.P. Lampen, M.J. Alexander, L. Summary Assessment Metrics (SAMs). ­Weather ­Hoffman, D.S. Nolan, S.D. Miller, J.L. Hall, R. Keynotes is published bimonthly to and Forecasting, 33(6):1661-1679. ATLAS, F.D. MARKS, and P.T. Partain, 2018: highlight AOML’s recent research GHOST: A satellite mission concept for ­activities and staff accomplishments. Kieu, C., K. Keshavamurthy, V. Tallapragada, S. ­persistent monitoring of stratospheric gravity GOPALAKRISHNAN, and S. Trahan, 2018: On waves induced by severe storms. Bulletin of Keynotes editor: Gail Derr the growth of intensity forecast errors in the the American Meteorological Society, 99(9): operational Hurricane Weather Research and 1813-1828. 8 | May-June 2018 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/