Metal Italiano Su Cui Si Basa Questo Progetto Di Hobbistico/Post Lavorativo Che Ne Frena Sostanzialmente Lo Svilup- Tesi

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Metal Italiano Su Cui Si Basa Questo Progetto Di Hobbistico/Post Lavorativo Che Ne Frena Sostanzialmente Lo Svilup- Tesi The Chosen One: content strategy per la promozione di un progetto musicale Politecnico di Milano - Scuola del Design Design della Comunicazione - AA 2018/19 Pietro Agostini - 873909 Relatore: Katia Goldoni The Chosen One Content strategy per la promozione di un progetto musicale Politecnico di Milano - Scuola del Design Design della Comunicazione - AA 2018/19 Pietro Agostini - 873909 Relatore: Katia Goldoni Abstract Vivere di Musica Vivere della propria musica è sempre più arduo, specialmente quando si parla di nicchie musicali lontane dalla popolarità main- stream e dalla considerazione dei media classici come radio o tele- visione. In un mercato ormai saturo di offerta musicale, oggi le eti- chette discografiche si trovano a fissare budget mediamente molto più bassi di un tempo per i propri artisti. Mantenere un’attività discografica regolare, dal lato artista, è un’attività dispendiosa in termini di tempo, risorse e soprattutto denaro. I musicisti, spesso anche quelli affermati, si trovano quindi a ricorrere ad altri lavori - noti come dayjob - per poter mantenere la propria attività artistica. Altri invece, per rincorrere la propria ambizione, scelgono strade più impervie, come il vivere costante- mente in tour evitando le spese di una vita sedentaria. Tuttavia, lo scopo comune di gran parte parte dei progetti musicali di entità medio-piccola, è quello di riuscire, se non a vivere completamente così come i suoi punti di contatto con i fan, sia potenziali che già della rendita della propria musica, quantomeno a potervisi dedica- acquisiti. È questa la sfida che ci si para davanti nel caso Destra- re part-time senza dover relegare il proprio progetto ad uno spazio ge, gruppo modern metal italiano su cui si basa questo progetto di hobbistico/post lavorativo che ne frena sostanzialmente lo svilup- tesi. Il progetto vuole approfittare della prossima uscita discogra- po artistico e la carriera. fica della band per mettere in atto un approccio strategy-based alla sua promozione. Per adempiere a questo scopo, un artista/gruppo si trova a dover combattere per ottenere un contratto con un’etichetta discogra- Il percorso svolto in quest’anno di lavoro parte da una ricerca sulla fica e, una volta ottenutolo, a guadagnarsi un sempre maggiore situazione del mercato musicale odierno con un focus sulle nicchie budget da quest’ultima. Ciò si traduce a sua volta nel tentativo di musicali ed i progetti legati ad etichette indipendenti dalle major, aumentare progressivamente i proventi di ogni progetto discogra- per poi analizzare i media digitali di fruizione musicale (in partico- fico, così da innalzare la posta in gioco per quello successivo. E lare lo streaming) e le reti sociali che ne agevolano la promozione; come? Tramite una sempre maggior vendita di dischi, merchandi- l’analisi si sposta poi sulla storia del genere musicale genitore di se, stream, concerti e così via: tutti elementi che dipendono da - e quello di cui ci occuperemo nella parte di progetto, sulla fan cultu- da cui dipende - l’ampiezza, l’entità e la dedizione del pubblico con re e sulla storia del video musicale. A questo punto, dopo una parte cui si confrontano. di analisi sulla storia, i dati e le evidenze per quanto riguarda il caso specifico dei Destrage ed il loro contesto, il progetto si sviluppa Al fine di aiutare un artista a riuscire nell’intento, il designer deve su tre fasi operative per la produzione di contenuti audiovisivi e lavorare su questi elementi per riuscire a potenziare, e soprattut- la relativa content strategy per posizionarli in un marketing mix to ad ottimizzare, gli asset e la portata dell’artista in questione, coerente e vincente. Indice 1. Il Mercato Musicale 1.1 Web 2.0 e mutamenti digitali 11 1.2 Mercato musicale ed etichette discografiche 13 1.3 Andamento dell’industria musicale 17 1.4 Come guadagna una band 20 1.5 L’importanza dello streaming 24 1.6 Spotify marketing 27 1.7 Social media managing e band 32 1.8 Facebook, Instagram e digital advertising 34 2. Il “Lavoro” del Fan 2.1 (Media) fan(dom) 41 2.2 Tra identità e consumo 44 2.3 “Diventare” fan? 47 2.4 Caso studio: Björk’s Vault of Dank Memes 49 3. L’evoluzione del Genere Metal 6. Destrage: Analisi della Comunicazione 3.1 La nascita del metal 55 6.1 Canali digitali, popolarità, tono, sentiment 135 3.2 Hair, glam e successo commerciale 60 6.2 Competitor, coopetitor, stakeholder 144 3.3 Thrash e hardcore: violenza e controcultura 61 6.3 A Means To No End: promozione sui canali digitali 149 3.4 Anni ‘90: grunge, alternative e nuove commistioni 65 6.4 SWOT 159 3.5 Estremismo musicale: death e black metal 69 6.5 Analisi dell’audience 160 3.6 Post-alternative: gli anni ‘2000 73 3.7 Rock progressivo italiano 77 7. The Chosen One: Content Strategy 3.8 Progresive (e) metal 81 7.1 Vision, mission 177 7.2 Gerarchia e struttura del progetto 178 4. Il Video Come Forma di Promozione Musicale 7.3 Fase 0.1: produzione fotografica 180 4.1 Genesi del video musicale: una storia di ibridazione 87 7.4 Fase 0.2: campagna test ed evidenze 190 4.2 MTV: culto e cultura 101 7.5 Fase 1: The Chosen One 198 4.3 Videoclip e nuovi media 104 7.6 Fase 1.1: contest 200 4.4 Video e viralità 107 7.7 Fase 1.2: release del primo singolo 221 4.5 The Jack Stupid 111 7.8 Risultati della fase 1 e direzioni per la fase 2 236 7.9 Conclusioni 249 5. A Means To An End 5.1 Destrage: un’introduzione 121 Appendice 252 5.2 La sfida 127 Bibliografia 272 1. Il Mercato Musicale 1.1 Web 2.0 e mutamenti digitali L’avvento dei social media ha creato un mercato della condivisio- ne. Mentre il mercato tradizionalmente dà un prezzo a qualsiasi cosa, sui social ogni contenuto ha un valore soggettivo co-costru- ito, ed è condiviso in maniera partecipata. Tutto ciò ha portato e continua a portare a nuovi modi di essere un brand - dove con brand nel nostro caso si intende anche band - ma anche di essere consumatore. Negli ultimi 15 anni si è parlato molto di web 2.0, ma cos’è esattamente il web 2.0? Semplicemente un web caratterizza- to da interattività e partecipazione attraverso piattaforme di frui- zione gratuita e sempre attiva a prescindere dalla macchina con cui vi si accede. Il passaggio da 1.0 a 2.0 è stato quello da una pubblica- zione online di contenuti da parte delle fonti autorevoli (gatekee- pers) alla partecipazione del pubblico, anche noto come concetto di orizzontalità. Nasce in questo modo il crowdsourcing, cioè l’at- tingere alla conoscenza e alle risorse comuni per i propri scopi. 10 11 Si pensi a Wikipedia per la conoscenza, ma anche a Spotify o Questi sviluppi hanno travolto anche l’industria musicale, che per Netflix per i contenuti mediali: tutte queste piattaforme, ciascuna anni si è ritrovata in un momento di far west del consumo digitale, nel proprio modo, sono raccolte di prodotti della cultura umana dove in mancanza di una regolamentazione ufficiale la pirateria era che viene ad unirsi per co-costruire dei patrimoni comuni. diventata normalità. Oggi, come vedremo in questo capitolo, si è in un momento di ripresa, dato anche dalla presa di coscienza nei Oltre al crowdsourcing, la fruizione gratuita di nuove piattaforme confronti degli ormai non più nuovi media digitali. partecipate fa nascere la vera e propria cultura social: le piattafor- me social sono moltissime e sono collegate dal tessuto di internet come le infrastrutture di una città sono connesse tra loro ed il tut- 1.2 Mercato musicale ed to sta in piedi fintanto che le persone danno il proprio contributo partecipando con i propri contenuti. Si può dire che i social siano etichette discografiche strumenti di interconnessione complessi con cui le persone svol- gono attività di vita sociale (ma anche lavorativa) assolutamente Il contesto in cui si inserisce il progetto di promozione del prossimo varie e disparate, che volenti o nolenti fanno sempre parte della lavoro targato Destrage, su cui si focalizzerà questo progetto, è il cultura della partecipazione. La nuova modalità di fruire dei pro- mercato musicale italiano ed internazionale attuale. dotti mediali ha anche cambiato pesantemente il modo di fare L’industria musicale è uno scenario molto ampio, con attori che van- marketing iniziando dai provider stessi dei servizi social: costoro no dalle case di produzione ai distributori, dalle piattaforme di ven- spendono nella creazione e nella manutenzione delle piattaforme dita fisica e digitale ai servizi streaming, dagli autori agli artisti fino e necessitano di monetizzazione, che possono ottenere in molti alle riviste musicali. modi diversi. Se non consideriamo quindi il pagamento della piat- A partire dall’invenzione di grammofono e fonografo alla fine del taforma, il più ricorrente è l’interruption-disruption: l’inserimen- XIX secolo, il mercato della musica registrata è stato in gran parte to della pubblicità nel bel mezzo della fruizione di un contenuto controllato dalle cosiddette major label, le poche grandi etichette (pensiamo a Spotify o Instagram). L’accettazione della pubblicità che ancora oggi a livello mondiale finanziano più artisti in assolu- è il patto silente tra provider che ne ha bisogno e fruitore che usa il to. Secondo la definizione proposta sul sito dell’AIM (Association of servizio senza pagare niente. In secundis arriva la vendita dei dati Independent Music), «Una major è una [etichetta] multinazionale degli utenti alle aziende che li utilizzeranno sempre per scopi com- che detiene, insieme alle compagnie del proprio gruppo, almeno il merciali.
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