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Closing the Gap Prime Minister's Report 2013 Closing the Gap the Closing Prime Minister’s Report 2013 Closing the Gap Prime Minister’s Report 2013 Closing the Gap Prime Minister’s Report 2013 February 2013 Closing the Gap : Prime Minister’s Report 2013 With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms and where otherwise noted all material presented in this document is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0/au/) licence. The details of the relevant licence conditions are available on the Creative Commons website (accessible using the links provided) as is the full legal code for the CC BY 3.0 AU licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/au/legalcode). About the photographs The document must be attributed as A key to acronyms used to record photo sources is the Closing the Gap: Prime Minister’s provided below: Report 2013. ISBN PDF 978-1-925007-99-2 ABS—Australian Bureau of Statistics RTF 978-1-925007-98-5 AEC—Australian Electoral Commission Print 978-1-925007-97-8 DAFF—Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry DEEWR—Department of Education, Employment and Third party copyright Workplace Relations Wherever a third party holds DHS—Department of Human Services copyright in material presented in the document, the copyright remains DoHA—Department of Health and Ageing with that party. Their permission may DRALGAS—Department of Regional Australia, be required to use the material. All Local Government, Arts and Sport reasonable effort has been made to: FaHCSIA—Department of Families, Housing, Community • clearly label material where the Services and Indigenous Affairs copyright is owned by a third party, IBA—Indigenous Business Australia and • ensure that the copyright owner ILC—Indigenous Land Corporation has consented to this material NAQS—Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy being presented in this document. SBS—Special Broadcasting Service Please be aware that this report may TSRA—Torres Strait Regional Authority contain the images and names of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Layout: www.thegrid.net.au people who have passed away. Print: www.bluestargroup.com.au Closing the Gap : Prime Minister’s Report 2013 Contents 1 The framework for change 1 2 Progress against the targets 11 3 Working together 33 4 The building blocks 47 Early childhood 47 Schooling 56 Health 67 Healthy homes 80 Economic participation 90 Safe communities 113 Governance and leadership 124 5 Looking forward 137 Closing the Gap : Prime Minister’s Report 2013 Closing the Gap : Prime Minister’s Report 2013 Chapter 1 | 1 The framework for change When government leaders The timeframes for the Closing from across the country met in the Gap targets are ambitious and Closing the Gap targets varied. Recognising the significant 2008 to agree to a framework challenge posed by these targets, COAG is committed to: for tackling Indigenous all governments have shown the disadvantage, they set determination—and the will—to • Closing the life expectancy gap meet them. ambitious targets to address within a generation (by 2031) Much progress has been made to priority areas for change. • Halving the gap in mortality rates address Indigenous disadvantage for Indigenous children under five in the years since the Closing the within a decade (by 2018) The Closing the Gap framework Gap framework was agreed to. and the six targets set by • Ensuring all Indigenous four-year- This year is a significant year for the Council of Australian olds in remote communities have Closing the Gap. It is the year in Governments (COAG) is a national access to early childhood education which the first of the targets set approach to close the gap within five years (by 2013) back in 2008 will be achieved— between Indigenous and non- ensuring all Indigenous four-year- • Halving the gap for Indigenous Indigenous people. olds living in remote communities students in reading, writing and It involves unprecedented levels have access to early childhood numeracy within a decade (by 2018) of investment by governments education within five years, or • Halving the gap for Indigenous across seven inter-linked areas, by 2013. people aged 20–24 in Year 12 known as ‘building blocks’, which It is also the fifth anniversary of attainment or equivalent attainment have been underpinned by a the National Apology to Australia’s rates (by 2020) series of Indigenous-specific and Indigenous Peoples, in particular mainstream National Partnership • Halving the gap in employment the Stolen Generations, and the Agreements between the outcomes between Indigenous and Parliament will be asked to show Australian, State and Territory non-Indigenous Australians within a its commitment and leadership Governments. decade (by 2018). in progressing constitutional The six Closing the Gap targets recognition of Aboriginal and relate to life expectancy, Torres Strait Islander people as child mortality, education it considers the Bill for an Act of and employment. Recognition. Governments have agreed to work This year will also mark the 20th in partnership—and the approach anniversary of the Native Title Act to Closing the Gap extends being passed. Both anniversaries beyond governments to include are significant milestones to Aboriginal and Torres Strait reflect on as Australia continues Islander people and communities, to move towards reconciliation the private sector and non- and the goal of closing the gap in government organisations. Indigenous disadvantage. Closing the Gap : Prime Minister’s Report 2013 2 | Closing the Gap Constitutional recognition will be Children who attend quality building blocks another significant step towards preschool programs are more building a more reconciled nation likely to be successful at school, based on strong relations and stay in school longer, continue Governments are focusing their mutual respect which recognises on to further education and efforts on seven inter-linked areas: the unique and special place training and fully participate in • Early Childhood of Aboriginal and Torres Strait employment and community life Islander people. as adults. • Schooling While local Aboriginal and As early childhood education • Health Torres Strait Islander people, in remains voluntary, the access • Healthy Homes remote areas, rural towns and measure agreed for the target is urban centres are helping decide 95 per cent enrolment. • Economic Participation what will work best in their own Data from 2011 reveals that • Safe Communities communities, representative 91 per cent of Indigenous children organisations like the National • Governance and Leadership. in remote areas are enrolled in Congress of Australia’s First a preschool program. This data, Peoples and Reconciliation consistent with the governments’ Australia are helping frame commitment regarding delivery, broader policy directions in indicates that the target of 95 per areas like health, economic cent enrolment will be met this development and job creation. year. The Government is working A Stolen Generations Working with Indigenous communities, Partnership, established in 2010, large and small, to ensure children is bringing Government, service are enrolled in school and get to providers and members of the school and that the benefits of Stolen Generations together to attendance are realised. Providing devise ways to meet the practical access to quality preschool needs of those affected by policies programs is an important basis for of forced removal. better school attendance. Achieving the Closing the The Government is determined Gap target: early childhood to maintain the advances made education in early childhood education to ensure benefits flow through to The Closing the Gap target for the other Closing the Gap targets all Indigenous four year olds to further address Indigenous living in remote communities to disadvantage. have access to early childhood Continued and sustained effort education within five years—or by is needed to close the gap, but 2013—will be achieved this year. the achievement of the early Historic levels of investment childhood education target in 2013 by governments through the will show substantial progress in a National Partnership Agreement crucial area. on Early Childhood Education have ensured there are now more children than ever before participating in preschool or kindergarten programs. Closing the Gap : Prime Minister’s Report 2013 | 3 Kuku Yalanji Elder Roy Gibson on the Dreamtime walk, Mossman Gorge Centre. Photo: ILC. ‘There’s nothing ever happened like this before, in a small community,’ Roy Gibson said. ‘I want people to be proud of themselves and get up out of their bed and say I’m going to work, because I’ve got something to go to—because it’s ours to be proud of.’ ‘That’s what I want them to do–to be proud of themselves, for their children.’ Roy and the Mossman Gorge Aboriginal CASE STUDY The centre was constructed by the Community worked in collaboration with Roy’s Mossman Gorge dream Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC) in the ILC to design and build the centre, a tourism reality collaboration with Mossman Gorge which incorporates a residential training Aboriginal Community on land purchased venue that is equipping young Indigenous through the ILC’s Land Acquisition people with accredited skills that will see For more than 20 years, Kuku Yalanji Elder program. The Centre, operated by ILC them able to work at the Centre and in the Roy Gibson has had a dream for his land subsidiary Voyages Indigenous Tourism hospitality and tourism industries in the and his people. Australia, provides Indigenous employment region and across Australia. When the new $20 million Mossman and training, including at a residential Staff were trained in an ILC pre- Gorge Centre, an Indigenous eco- training facility located at the centre. employment scheme which combined tourism business in the World Heritage Mossman Gorge Centre, officially opened TAFE level study with work at tourism and listed Daintree National Park, opened by Indigenous Affairs Minister Jenny hospitality businesses in the region. with 90 per cent Indigenous staffing in Macklin, is a cultural and tourism hub for June 2012, Roy’s dream became a reality.
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