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Teaching Territory Style the Story of Northern Territory Public Education

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Teaching Territory Style the Story of Northern Territory Public Education TEACHING TERRITORY STYLE THE STORY OF NORTHERN TERRITORY PUBLIC EDUCATION AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT JEANNIE AILENE BENNETT Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Education Faculty of Law, Business, Education and Arts Charles Darwin University March, 2017 ii Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... ix Declaration ................................................................................................................. xi Dedication ................................................................................................................ xiii Conventions ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... xvi Part 1 The Context ..................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Researcher Standpoint ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 Significance of the Research ................................................................................ 11 1.3 The Political Impact on NT Education................................................................. 15 1.4 Aims of the Research ........................................................................................... 18 1.5 Structure of the Thesis ......................................................................................... 20 1.6 Summary .............................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 2 Northern Territory Context .................................................................. 23 2.1 The Northern Territory ......................................................................................... 24 2.2 The Physical Environment ................................................................................... 25 2.3 The Social History of the NT ............................................................................... 29 2.3.1 The NT under South Australia, 1863-1910 ................................................... 29 2.3.2 The NT under the Commonwealth, 1911-1978 ............................................ 32 2.3.3 NT Self-government in 1978 ........................................................................ 37 2.3.4 The Growth and Nature of the NT Population .............................................. 38 2.3.5 The History of NT’s Media and Transportation ........................................... 40 2.4 The Northern Territory in 2010............................................................................ 42 2.5 Summary .............................................................................................................. 44 Chapter 3 Review of the Literature ........................................................................ 45 3.1 Theses and Research Literature ........................................................................... 47 3.2 NT Department of Education Publications .......................................................... 51 3.3 Other Sources ....................................................................................................... 54 3.4 Historians as Authors ........................................................................................... 55 3.5 Newspapers .......................................................................................................... 57 iii 3.6 Australian Education ............................................................................................ 58 3.7 Summary .............................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 4 Research Design ..................................................................................... 65 4.1 Research Design ................................................................................................... 65 4.2 The Interviewees .................................................................................................. 68 4.3 Interviews ............................................................................................................. 71 4.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 75 4.5 Ethical Considerations ......................................................................................... 77 4.6 Limitations of the Study ....................................................................................... 79 4.7 Summary .............................................................................................................. 81 Part 2 History of Public Education in the Northern Territory to 2010 .............. 83 Chapter 5 Public Education: Towards NT Self Government 1876 to 1978 ........ 85 5.1 The Beginnings in Australia ................................................................................ 86 5.2 South Australian Influence in Northern Territory Education: 1870s to 1911 ...... 88 5.3 Commonwealth Influence in the Northern Territory: 1911 to 1940 .................... 93 5.4 Northern Territory Administration: World War 2 to 1944 .................................. 98 5.5 The South Australian System and the Commonwealth Government in the NT: 1945 to 1973 ........................................................................................................ 100 5.6 The Northern Territory Moves Towards Self-government: 1971 – 1978. ......... 112 5.7 Summary ............................................................................................................ 125 Chapter 6 Public Education: NT Self-government 1978 to 2010 ...................... 127 6.1 NT Self-government 1978.................................................................................. 128 6.2 Devolution .......................................................................................................... 144 6.3 The New Millennium ......................................................................................... 163 6.4 Northern Territory Education in 2010................................................................ 180 6.5 Summary ............................................................................................................ 183 Part 3 Teaching Territory Style ............................................................................ 185 Chapter 7 Telling Tales ......................................................................................... 187 7.1 Introducing the Respondents .............................................................................. 188 7.1.1 T1F33, Recruited from South Australia and Retired in 1965 ..................... 189 7.1.2 T2M60, Recruited from South Australia .................................................... 191 7.1.3 T3M71, Recruited from Melbourne ............................................................ 192 7.1.4 T4M72, Recruited from South Australia. ................................................... 194 iv 7.1.5 R1F65, Recruited from South Australia ..................................................... 195 7.1.6 R2M67, Recruited from Sydney ................................................................. 196 7.1.7 R3F71, Recruited from South Australia ..................................................... 198 7.1.8 R4M72, Recruited from Western Australia ................................................ 200 7.5.9 R5M74, Recruited from Western Australia ................................................ 202 7.1.10 R6M75, Recruited from Western Australia .............................................. 203 7.1.11 R7F79, Recruited from Queensland .......................................................... 204 7.1.12 R8F88, Recruited from Victoria ............................................................... 206 7.1.13 R9M89, Recruited from Melbourne .......................................................... 207 7.1.14 R10F73, Husband Recruited from Tasmania ............................................ 208 7.2 Why Teach in the Northern Territory?............................................................... 209 7.3. Initial Experiences ............................................................................................. 221 7.4 Summary ............................................................................................................ 235 Chapter 8 A Class Act: Teaching Territory Style ............................................... 237 8.1 Age and Feminisation ........................................................................................ 239 8.2 Status and Professionalism ................................................................................. 244 8.2.1 The Decline in Status .................................................................................. 245 8.2.2 Parents ......................................................................................................... 249 8.2.3 School Councils .......................................................................................... 251 8.2.4 The Media ................................................................................................... 254 8.2.5
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