DOCSLIB.ORG

O Tro S D O Cu M En to S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
O Tro S D O Cu M En to S Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty Infraestructuras de transportes en Kazajstán Otros Documentos 1 Infraestructuras de transportes en Kazajstán Otros Documentos Esta nota ha sido elaborada por Adolfo Romero de Marcelo bajo la supervisión de la Oficina EconómEconómiiiica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en AAllllmaty.maty. Febrero 2011 2 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN ÍNDICE CONCLUSIONES 555 I. INTRODUCCIÓN 777 1. LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTE EN KAZAJSTÁN 7 2. SITUACIÓN ECONÓMICA EN KAZAJSTÁN 10 II. INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE CARRETERAS 111111 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 11 2. MARCO INSTITUCIONAL 12 3. INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE CARRETERAS ACTUALES 14 4. PROYECTOS Y OPORTUNIDADES DE INVERSIÓN 16 5. PROBLEMAS DE LA RED DE CARRETERAS EN KAZAJSTÁN 25 III. INFRAESTRUCTURAINFRAESTRUCTURASS FERROVIARIAS 292929 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 29 2. MARCO INSTITUCIONAL 36 3. INFRAESTRUCTURAS ACTUALES DE FERROCARRIL 37 4. PROYETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES DE INVERSIÓN 40 5. TENDENCIAS DEL SECTOR FERROVIARIO EN MATERIA DE INVERSIÓN 43 IV. INFRAESTRUCTURAS AÉREAS 464646 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 46 2. OPERADORA NACIONAL “AIR ASTANA” 47 3. OTROS OPERADORES 49 4. TRÁNSITO DE MERCANCÍAS 49 5. PROYECTOS 50 V. INFRAESTRUCTURAS MARÍTIMAS Y FLUVIALEFLUVIALESSSS 525252 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 52 2. EL PUERTO DE AKTAU – PROYECTO DE AMPLIACIÓN 53 3. COMPAÑÍA ESTATAL KAZMORTRANSFLOT 55 4. PROYECTOS 56 VI. CAREC CORRIDORS 575757 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 3 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN VIVIVII.VI I. PERCEPCIÓN DEL MAMADEDE IN SPAIN 606060 VIII. EMPRESAS INVOLINVOLUCRADASUCRADAS EN PROYECTPROYECTOSOS DE INFRAESTRUCTURINFRAESTRUCTURASAS EN KAZAJSTÁN 616161 IX. ANEXOS 646464 1. FERIAS 64 2. PUBLICACIONES DEL SECTOR 65 3. ASOCIACIONES 65 4. OTROS PROYECTOS PUBLICADOS 67 5. OTRAS DIRECCIONES DE INTERÉS 72 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 4 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN CONCLUSIONES Kazajstán se perfila como punta de lanza de la economía centro asiática. Su capacidad energética, le ha llevado a una situación de privilegio con respecto a los demás países de la zona. Sin embargo, esta fuente de riqueza necesita ser gestionada de forma eficiente. De aquí la necesidad de infraestructuras que permitan la correcta distribución del flujo de materiales y riquezas de este gran país, dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. De nada sirven estas fuentes de ingresos derivados del petróleo, el gas o los minerales, si el país es incapaz de darle una sa- lida adecuada a su output. Del mismo modo, el país necesitaba diversificar su economía y de este modo reducir la alta dependencia de los recursos energéticos. El comercio y el tránsito de mercancías se perfilaron entonces, a principios del 2000, como una solución dada la posición geoestratégica del país, el cual sostiene fronteras a lo largo de su extenso territorio con países tan importantes como China o Rusia, convirtiéndose así en posible llave de acceso a la tan buscada unión entre China y Europa. Sin embargo, las rutas de tránsito siguen siendo deficientes entre continentes a lo que hay que añadir el aislamiento del país con respecto a las vías marítimas. Así, durante la última década se han llevado a cabo grandes esfuerzos por parte del gobier- no de Kazajstán y de las diferentes IFI, persiguiendo este deseo de unión Europa-China, el cual comienza a dar sus frutos, gracias a diferentes proyectos como “el Corredor Europa Occidental – China Occidental” o los proyectos de construcción y reconstrucción de vías de ferrocarril, que forman parte de los corredores internacionales más importantes de la región. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 5 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN Como consecuencia de ello, Kazajstán es objeto de atención de inversores internacionales dado los diferentes proyectos que se darán lugar durante los próximos diez años en materia de infraestructura, los cuales se desarrollarán a lo largo del siguiente estudio. A día de hoy son muchas las cosas por hacer en este joven país. Por ello, consideramos que es una gran oportunidad para las empresas españolas entrar en el mercado de Kazajstán en este momento. La estabilidad de Kazajstán es incierta, ya que es difícil predecir como se de- sarrollarán los acontecimientos políticos tras el mandato del actual presidente Nazarbayev, sin embargo, es un riesgo que puede llegar a ofrecer grandes beneficios a los inversores es- pañoles que decidan afrontar este mercado. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 6 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN I. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1.1. LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTE EN KAKAZAJSTÁNZAJSTÁN Las infraestructuras de transportes son para Kazajstán, objetivo estratégico y prioritario en sus planes de desarrollo. En la actualidad, las comunicaciones e interconexiones entre paí- ses son una fuente de ingresos indiscutible, más aun, si se da el hecho de ser uno de los países fronterizos con el país comerciante por excelencia, China. Por este motivo y por los que se citan a continuación es necesario que Kazajstán lleve a cabo un esfuerzo extra para impulsar el desarrollo de este sector: - Kazajstán es el país más extenso del mundo sin acceso al mar. - Existe una gran dispersión de las riquezas naturales en el país. - Las regiones dentro del país se encuentran separadas por largas distancias. - Su situación geoestratégica es muy ventajosa para el comercio, siendo fronterizo con Rusia (entrada a Europa), con Asia Central (TANES y acceso a Oriente medio) y Chi- na. No hay que olvidar que Kazajstán es un país altamente dependiente de sus recursos natura- les (petróleo, gas y minería). Por ello, a fin de diversificar su economía urge la necesidad de que Kazajstán amplíe sus corredores de transporte internacional, para así integrar las rutas intercontinentales de Europa y Asia. Dada la situación geográfica del país este se convertiría en una nación que soportaría un enorme flujo comercial a través de sus fronteras. Según informes gubernamentales, antes de la crisis Kazajstán recibía unos ingresos anuales de mil millones de dólares (1% del PIB), debido al tráfico comercial Europa-Asia. Como es de Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 7 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN suponer, tras la crisis estas cifras se han reducido, pero en la actualidad la economía kazaja y mundial se recupera poco a poco, y no cabe duda de que en el presente año o en los próximos se alcanzarán de nuevo estas cantidades, o incluso más si se llevan a cabo y se concluyen ciertos proyectos de desarrollo de infraestructuras que se detallarán a lo largo del documento. En la actualidad, encuadrado en el “PlanPlan de ImplantaciónImplantación de la Estrategia Nacional de Transportes 20152015”, el gobierno de Kazajstán y su Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicacio- nes arrojan cifras positivas en materia de inversión. Concretamente, se construirán 1.600km de vías de tren y se electrificarán 2.700km; se reconstruirán alrededor de 50.000km de carre- teras; se reconstruirán y modernizarán las infraestructuras de los aeropuertos; y se desarro- llarán las infraestructuras de los puertos marítimos del caspio. El volumen total de la inver- sión se estima que alcance los 30.000 M$. La tabla siguiente muestra cómo se ha repartido hasta este momento la inversión en infraes- tructura, y como se pretende continuar llevando a cabo la asignación de fondos de inversión: Volumen de Inversión en Millones de dólares Años Carreteras Ferrocarril Aéreo Marítimo-Fluvial 2006-2010 3.552 4.580 953 404 2011-2015 5.465 4.992 3.106 68 Fuente: Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones Del mismo modo, en el siguiente gráfico se puede observar la procedencia de los fondos destinados a las infraestructuras: 30 % Inversión del Estado % Inversión Privada y 70 Multilateral Fuente: Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 8 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN A día de hoy, el 98% del tránsito entre Asia Pacífico y Europa se lleva a cabo por vía maríti- ma, por motivos de seguridad e infraestructuras, sin embargo, se estima que el tiempo de duración del transporte se vería reducido prácticamente a la mitad en caso de existir infraes- tructuras (ferroviarias o viales) adecuadas, que conectaran de forma directa China con el re- sto de Europa. Por este motivo, Kazajstán se encuentra inmerso en diferentes proyectos como El CorCorredorredor Europa Occidental ––– China Occidental, el cual se desarrolla en el apartado de infraestruc- turas de carreteras, y que ofrecerá la posibilidad de que exista un medio de transporte te- rrestre desde China a Europa, y viceversa, cruzando solo dos fronteras, la rusa y la kazaja. Según los cálculos del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones de Kazajstán, en 2015 el volumen de carga realizada por transporte terrestre debería aumentar de los actuales 4 mil millones de toneladas aproximadamente a 33 mil millones de toneladas, en caso de que los planes de desarrollo se cumplieran. En los últimos años se ha visto una dinámica creciente del volumen de tráfico de mercancías en Kazajstán. De promedio, aumentan un 12-13% anual. Principalmente esto se debe a la mejora del transporte de productos tradicionales como madera, aceite, verduras y frutas, azúcar y otros productos alimenticios realizados entre Rusia y Asia Central, y a la creación de la nueva Unión Aduanera entre Rusia, Bielorusia y Kazajstán. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Almaty 9 LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTES EN KAZAJSTÁN 2.2.2. SITUACISITUACIÓNÓN ECONÓMICA EN KAZAKAZAJSTÁNJSTÁN Kazajstán se vio especialmente afectado por la crisis financiera sobrevenida en agosto de 2007, que vino a poner fin a una etapa de gran crecimiento que se basó en los ingresos por exportaciones de petróleo, gas y otras materias primas, así como en la inversión extranjera entrante para su explotación, y la prudencia ejercida en política monetaria y fiscal y en la re- forma del sistema financiero efectuada hace unos años –alabados por los organismos inter- nacionales-.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Almaty–Issyk-Kul Alternative Road Economic Impact Assessment
    Almaty–Issyk-Kul Alternative Road Economic Impact Assessment Almaty, a vibrant metropolis in Kazakhstan, is only kilometers away from lake Issyk-Kul in the Kyrgyz Republic, renowned for its mountains and moderate summers. However, the two destinations are separated by two magnificent mountain ranges. To bypass these mountains, the existing road stretches over ­ kilometers, leading to long travel times. This economic impact assessment analyzes what impact a more direct road between the two destinations would have for tourism and economic development in both Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. The report provides economically viable solutions that, within a supportive policy environment, would lead to strong economic development within the region. About Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor The Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor (ABEC) is the pilot economic corridor under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program. The motivation for ABEC is that Almaty and Bishkek can achieve far more together than either can achieve alone. The two cities are only ­ kilometers apart with relatively high economic density concentrated in services in the cities and agriculture in their hinterlands. Both Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic have acceded to the Eurasian Economic Union and the World Trade Organization. CAREC corridors and Belt and Road Initiative routes cross ABEC. The historic Silk Route, mountain ranges, and Lake lssyk-Kul underline the potential for tourism. But trade, especially in agricultural goods and services, between the two countries is below potential, and the region does not yet benefit from being one economic space. About the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program is a partnership of member countries and development partners working together to promote development through cooperation, leading to accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercuryaddressing Primary Mercury Mining in Kyrgyzstan
    The use of mercury is being reduced throughout the world due to its effects on human health and the environment. Certain forms of mercury and its compounds can damage neurological development and affect internal organs. Mercury can spread far and wide through air and water. It is Khaidarkan ingested by fish and other marine life, Addressing primary where it becomes concentrated as it moves up the food chain. mercury mining mercury in Kyrgyzstan There is now only one known mercury mine in the world which continues to sell its output abroad: Khaidarkan, in the remote mountains of southern Kyrgyzstan. What will happen to this “kombinat” is still far from clear. For the international community, continuing mercury mining raises significant concerns. Limiting mercury supply is one of the key elements to any comprehensive global approach to address mercury. www.unep.org United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 - 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel.: +254 20 762 1234 Fax: +254 20 762 3927 e-mail: [email protected] www.unep.org Produced by Zoï Environment Network www.zoinet.org This is a joint publication by the United Nations Environment Pro- gramme (UNEP) and the United Nations Institute of Training and Re- search (UNITAR) produced by Zoï Environment Network. The project to address primary Mercury Mining in Kyrgyzstan has been generously supported by the Governments of Switzerland, the United States of America and Norway. Printed on 100 % recycled paper at Imprimerie Nouvelle Gonnet, F-01303 Belley, France Copyright © 2009 ISBN: 978-82-7701-071-7 Cover artwork: Mural in the palace of culture, Khaidarkan This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for A climate Neutral publication educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from The production and transport of each copy of this booklet has re- the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is leased about 0.4 kilogram’s of CO2-equivalent into the atmosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • ILF Dokument
    Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor Almaty-Issyk-Kul Alternative Road EIA Supplementary Document: Analysis of Alignments 31 October 2020 Prepared for: Asian Development Bank (ADB) Prepared by: ILF Kazakhstan LLC, in support of EDR Group / EBP team Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. EDR Group / EBP team members: EBP US (formerly EDR Group), USA EBP Schweiz AG ILF Kazakhstan LLC Elvira Ennazarova, Kyrgyz Republic TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Brief Description of the Project 4 1.2 Road Alignments under Consideration 4 1.3 Criteria for Road Characterization 5 1.3.1 Road categories 5 1.3.2 Construction Effort 5 1.4 Tunnel Standard and Cost Assumptions 6 1.5 Operation and Maintenance Cost Assumptions 7 1.6 Border Crossing Point Cost Assumptions 7 2. WESTERN ALIGNMENT 8 2.1 Common Segment: Almaty to Uzynagash and Karakastek 8 2.1.1 Almaty to Uzynagash 8 2.1.2 Uzynagash to Kainazar 8 2.1.3 Kainazar to Karakastek 9 2.1.4 Summary of the Common Segment with Existing Roads 10 2.2 Western Route by Gravel or Asphalt Road 10 2.2.1 Karakastek - Kastek 10 2.2.2 Beyond Kastek 11 2.2.3 Summary of the Routes by Gravel or Asphalt Road 15 2.3 Western Route by Asphalt Road with Tunnel 18 2.3.1 Karakastek - Tunnel 18 2.3.2 Tunnel Options 19 2.3.3 Tunnel – Kyrgyz Side 19 2.3.4 Summary of the Routes with Asphalt Road and Tunnel 20 2.4 Summary of Western Alignments 21 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 41121-033: CAREC Transport Corridor
    Bi-Annual Social Monitoring Report # 6 Bi-Annual Social Report (July–December 2013) Loan 2562-KAZ March 2014 KAZ: Multitranche Financing Facility CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) [Western Europe–Western People’s Republic of China International Transit Corridor] Investment Program, Tranche 2 Prepared by DOHWA Engineering Co. Ltd. for the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Asian Development Bank. Dohwa Engineering Co., Ltd TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. 4 DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS .......................................................................................... 5-7 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... 8 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. ……8 1.2 Project Background ....................................................................................................... ..8-9 1.3 Project Location ............................................................................................................ 9-10 1.4 Physical progress of project activities .......................................................................... 10-11 2: COMPENSATION PAYMENT FOR LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ................... 12 2.1 Process of land Acquisition .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dungans Appeal
    To UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies and Special Procedures, To international non-governmental human rights organisations Appeal On behalf of the representatives of the Dungan community, living in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, we express our respect and ask for your intervention and reaction to the ongoing persecution of the Dungans by the state bodies (especially law enforcement) of Kazakstan following the conflict that took place on February 7-8, 2020 in Korday district, Jambyl region, Kazakhstan. Till this day the Dungans experience arbitrary detentions, arrests, torture and other inhuman treatment by the law enforcement agents. As of May 13, 2020 out of 25 persons1 arrested for the events in February 2020, 17 are the Dungans. 5 out of 17 have been already sentenced: 3 persons have been sentenced to 1,5 years of imprisonment for the conflict with the police2 (article 380 of the Criminal code of Kazakhstan, resistance to police), and 2 persons are sentenced to 2,5 year and fined for the conflict with the Kazakh elderly person on the eve of the conflict3 (article 293 of the Criminal code, hooliganism, and article 107 of the Criminal code, injury). The other 12 detainees are arrested, and being under investigation. The arrests and detentions continue. According to the attorney D. Mombayev, who presented the interests of the Yukhnu family (sentenced for the conflict with the Kazakh elderly person), the trial was biased and the sentence was based on false information.4 Moreover, the residents of the villages Bular Batyr and Sortobe experience continued intimidation and harassment. The police regularly conduct searches and arrests.
    [Show full text]
  • Strong Mediaeval Earthquake in the Chuy Basin, Kyrgyzstan A
    ISSN 00168521, Geotectonics, 2012, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 303–314. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2012. Original Russian Text © A.M. Korjenkov, V.A. Kol’chenko, Ph.G. Rott, S.V. Abdieva, 2012, published in Geotektonika, 2012, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 62–74. Strong Mediaeval Earthquake in the Chuy Basin, Kyrgyzstan A. M. Korjenkova, b, V. A. Kol’chenkoc, Ph. G. Rottd, and S. V. Abdievaa a Institute of Seismology, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Asanbay microraion 52/1, Bishkek, 720060 Kyrgyzstan email: [email protected] b Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Bol’shaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow, 123995 Russia c Institute of History and Cultural Herritage, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, pr. Chuy 265a, Bishkek, 720071 Kyrgyzstan d Philosophische Facultaet, Universitaet Bonn, Am Hof 1, Bonn, D53113 Germany Received December 16, 2010 Abstract—The data presented in this paper show that in historical time the Chuy Basin in Kyrgyzstan was repeatedly subjected to strong earthquakes, which affected the inhabitants and the economic and political sit uation at that time. The deformed buildings in the Novopokrovka site of ancient settlements situated in the central part of the basin unequivocally indicate seismic damage and subsequent abandonment of the settle ment. The earthquake happened at the end of the Karakhanid epoch (the end of the 12th century A.D.). The intensity of seismic oscillations (I = VIII–IX) at the site was reinforced by unfavorable engineering geology conditions. The source of the earthquake was probably related to displacements along the piedmont YsykAta Fault located to the south of the site.
    [Show full text]
  • CAREC TOURISM STRATEGY 2030 DECEMBER 2020 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO License (CC by 3.0 IGO)
    CARECCAREC TOURISMTOURISM STRATEGYSTRATEGY 2030 DECEMBER 20202020 CAREC TOURISM STRATEGY 2030 DECEMBER 2020 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2020 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2020. ISBN 978-92-9262-565-8 (print); 978-92-9262-566-5 (electronic); 978-92-9262-567-2 (ebook) Publication Stock No. TCS200382-2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS200382-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license.
    [Show full text]
  • Invisible and Exploited in Kazakhstan: the Plight of Kyrgyz Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
    Invisible and exploited in Kazakhstan: the plight of Kyrgyz migrant workers and members of their families June 2018 / N° 713a TABLE OF CONTENTS Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6 I. Human rights violations of Kyrgyz migrant workers in Kazakhstan ....................................... 14 1. Problems arising due to a lack of registration at the place of stay ................................. 14 2. Sub-standard or exploitative working conditions: practices that may lead to forced or compulsory labour ............................................................................................................ 16 a) The illegal business of intermediaries that take advantage of the vulnerable position of migrants ............................................................................................................................................... 16 b) Absence of a work contract and other violations of work conditions by employers ....... 18 c) Risks with implications for the occupational safety and health of migrant workers ...... 20 d) Withholding and non-payment of wages .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Corrections and New Records in Vascular Plants of Kyrgyzstan, 4
    Memoranda Soc. Soc. Fauna Fauna Flora Flora Fennica Fennica 91, 91: 2015 67–83. • Lazkov 2015 & Sennikov 67 Taxonomic corrections and new records in vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, 4 Georgy A. Lazkov & Alexander N. Sennikov* Lazkov, G.A., Laboratory of Flora, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, 720071 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. E-mail: [email protected] Sennikov, A.N., Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; & Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: alexander.sennikov@ helsinki.fi (*Author for correspondence) A new series of notes on distribution, taxonomy, morphology and nomenclature of some vascular plants in Kyrgyzstan is presented. Carex subphysodes Popov ex V.Krecz., Astragalus sogdianus Bunge, Oxytropis ferganensis Vass. and Iris maracandica (Vved.) Wendelbo (all native), and also Delphinium orientalis J.Gay (alien) are reported as new to Kyrgyzstan. Sedum tetramerum Trautv. is new to Northern Tian-Shan, and Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják is new to Chatkal Range and Western Tian-Shan within Kyrgyzstan. The distribution area of Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link is revised and expanded, and the distribution of Eremurus zoae Vved. (endemic to Kyrgyzstan) is verified and mapped. New names and combinations, Betonica sect. Foliosae (Krestovsk. & Laz- kov) Lazkov, Eriophyton anomalum (Juz.) Lazkov & Sennikov, Kudrjaschevia sect. Jacubianae Lazkov, Lagochilus sect. Chlainanthus (Briq.) Lazkov, Leonurus sect. Panzerioidei (Krestovsk.) Lazkov, Phlomoides sect. Pseuderemostachys (Popov) Lazkov, and Scutellaria sect. Ramosissi- mae Lazkov, are provided as a result of the forthcoming monographic revision of Lamiaceae. Two hybrids are described in Eremurus, E.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Reports 2020
    Fostering SUSTAINABILITY driving GROWTH ANNUAL REPORT 2020 STRATEGIC REPORT 6 COMPANY OVERVIEW 44 Performance 81 Costs 6 Scope of operation under investment projects 81 Other expenses 7 Geography 46 Transformation 81 Impairment of assets 6 Capital structure and digitalisation 82 Net profit 8 Asset structure 49 OPERATING OVERVIEW 82 CAPEX 9 Key markets 49 Reserves 85 Сash and cash equivalents 04 10 Business model 49 Exploration 85 Dividends received 12 Competitive advantages 52 Upstream 85 Dividends paid 16 Performance highlights 62 Oil transportation 86 Debt management 18 STATEMENT 67 Gas transportation 89 ENSURING SUSTAINABLE • Fostering FROM THE CHAIRMAN and marketing DEVELOPMENT OF THE BOARD 71 Downstream 93 Health, safety OF DIRECTORS 75 Service projects and environment (HSE) 22 STATEMENT 77 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 112 Personnel development SUSTAINABILITY FROM THE CHAIRMAN 77 Statement from the Deputy 118 Supplier relations OF THE MANAGEMENT Chairman of the Management BOARD Board for Economics and Finance driving 26 STRATEGY 78 Credit ratings 26 Market overview 79 Consolidated financial results 37 Strategic priorities according to IFRS 40 Impact of COVID-19 81 Revenue GROWTH and anti-crisis response 81 Share in profit from joint 43 KPI system ventures and associates CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 126 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 143 COMMITTEES 165 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BOARD STATEMENT 127 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF DIRECTORS DEVELOPMENT REPORT 144 Nomination and Remuneration 166 CORPORATE CONTROL Committee 166 Internal Audit Service 129 BOARD OF DIRECTORS
    [Show full text]
  • Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Kyrgyzstan
    UNECE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Kyrgyzstan Needs Assessment al Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade in Kyrgystan edur gyzstan c yr o r ade in K t r y and P T o or t t ssessmen arriers Needs A Regula B Information Service United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Palais des Nations UNITED NA CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Telephone: +41(0)22 917 44 44 Fax: +41(0)22 917 05 05 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unece.org TIONS UNITED NATIONS Layout and Printing at United Nations, Geneva – 1515116 (E) – August 2015 – 307 – ECE/TRADE/412 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Kyrgyzstan Needs Assessment United Nations New York and Geneva, 2015 2 Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Kyrgyzstan Needs Assessment Note The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of bounda- ries. This study is issued in English and Russian. ECE/TRADE/412 Copyright © 2015 United Nations All rights reserved Foreword 3 Foreword With an annual turnover amounting to 130 per cent of Kyrgyzstan’s gross domestic product (GDP), the powerful role of trade in determining the economy’s development trajectory cannot be over-empha- sized. However, the trade sector is yet to be exploited to its full potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Operationalizing Economic Corridor Development in CAREC: a Case Study of Almaty–Bishkek Corridor
    Reference Document for Session 1 Operationalizing Economic Corridor Development in CAREC: A Case Study of Almaty–Bishkek Corridor Consultation Meeting with the CAREC National Focal Points 25–26 September 2014 Issyk Kul, Kyrgyz Republic TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction and Summary 1 II. CAREC Corridor Development: Three Tracks 5 III. Track 2: Transit and CAREC Corridor 1 11 IV. Almaty–Bishkek Corridor: An Exploration 20 V. Conclusions 40 Next steps 43 References 44 I. Introduction and Summary 1. At the close of a decade of regional cooperation, member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program adopted a new, long-term strategic framework in 2011, the CAREC 2020.1 While outlining the vision and goals of the CAREC Program, CAREC 2020 also underlined the operational priorities over the next decade, with a key innovation being the introduction of Economic Corridors as a core priority for the CAREC Program, in addition to the four priority sectors of CAREC: Transport, Trade Facilitation, Trade Policy, and Energy (Fig 1.1). Figure 1.1: CAREC Strategic Agenda 2011–20 Source: CAREC 2020 2. As a long-term strategy document, CAREC 2020 sought to look over the immediate horizon, opening the possibility of second-tier areas and emphasizing too the need for knowledge component of CAREC cooperation through the CAREC Institute (CI). Some progress has been made on the CI since the adoption of CAREC 2020 with the member countries agreeing at the 12th CAREC Ministerial Conference in Astana in 2013 to its physical establishment in Urumqui, People’s Republic of China (PRC).
    [Show full text]