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Arthropoda Selecta 13 (3): 135149 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2004 Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan 4. Fauna of Naxçivan Ïàóêè (Arachnida: Aranei) Àçåðáàéäæàíà 4. Ôàóíà Íàõè÷åâàíè Yuri M. Marusik1, Elchin F. Guseinov2 & Halid A. Aliev2 Þ.Ì. Ìàðóñèê1, Ý.Ô. Ãóñåéíîâ2, Õ.À. Àëèåâ2 ¹ Institute for Biological problems of the North, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, 685000 Russia. Email: [email protected] Èíñòèòóò áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîáëåì Ñåâåðà, ÄÂÎ ÐÀÍ, óë. Ïîðòîâàÿ 18, Ìàãàäàí 685000 Ðîññèÿ. ² Institute of Zoology, block 504, passage 1128, Baku 370073 Azerbaijan. Email: [email protected] Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÀÍ Àçåðáàéäæàíà, êâàðòàë 504, ïðîåçä 1128, Áàêó 370073 Àçåðáàéäæàí. KEY WORDS: Aranei, spiders, Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan, fauna, new records. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Aranei, ïàóêè, Êàâêàç, Àçåðáàéäæàí, Íàõè÷åâàíü, ôàóíà, íîâûå íàõîäêè. ABSTRACT. A list of 185 species from 28 families joint borders with Armenia, Iran and Turkey. Very little found in Naxçivan, Azerbaijan is presented. Three spe- is known about araneofauna of this territory compared cies: Malthonica lyncea (Brignoli, 1978), Singa neta to some other regions of Azerbaijan, e.g. Absheron (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) and Siwa atomaria (O. Peninsula, Sheki-Zagatala area, Lenkoran area, Mugan Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) are new to the fauna of the steppe [Dunin, 1984, 1989; Dunin & Mamedov, 1992; whole former Siviet Union. Eight species are new to Guseinov, 1999]. Caucasus as a whole (Drassyllus crimeaensis Kovbly- The first spiders from Naxçivan were reported by uk, 2003, Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833), Schmidt [1895] who mentioned two species, Oxyopes Micaria dives (Lucas, 1846), Minicia marginella (Wid- lineatus Latreille, 1806 and Lycosa piochardi (= L. er, 1834), Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875), Sitticus praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836). Ninety years later Neni- pulchelus Logunov, 1992, Dipoena inornata (O. Pick- lin [1985] added two more species belonging to jump- ard-Cambridge, 1861) and Lasaeola prona (Menge, ing spiders for this area: Menemerus marginatus (Kro- 1868) and three are new to Azerbaijan (Bolyphantes neberg, 1875) and Sitticus saltator (Simon, 1868). Lat- caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1990, Cyclosa sierrae Simon, er about twenty additional species were recorded from 1870 and Xysticus spasskyi Utotschkin, 1968). 15 poor- Naxçivan. Mikhailov [1986, 1988, 1990, 1992] men- ly know species are illustrated. tioned four species from the families Corinnidae, Gna- phosidae and Clubionidae: Trachelas charitonovi = ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Ïðèâåä¸í ñïèñîê ïàóêîâ âûÿâëåííûõ Orthobula c. (Mikhailov, 1986), Clubiona corticalis â Íàõè÷åâàíè: 185 âèäà èç 28 ñåìåéñòâ. Òðè âèäà: (Walckenaer, 1802), C. neglecta O. Pickard-Cambridge, Malthonica lyncea (Brignoli, 1978), Singa neta (O. 1862, and Micaria lenzi Bösenberg, 1899. One species Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) è Siwa atomaria (O. Pick- of theridiid spider, Robertus arundineti (O. Pickard- ard-Cambridge, 1876) ÿâëÿþòñÿ íîâûìè äëÿ ôàóíû Cambridge, 1871), was recorded by Eskov [1987]. Du- áûâøåãî ÑÑÑÐ. Âîñåìü âèäîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ íîâûìè nin [1988] reported two cribellatae spiders, Eresus äëÿ Êàâêàçà: Drassyllus crimeaensis Kovblyuk, 2003, niger = E. cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789) and Uloborus Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833), Micaria dives plumipes Lucas, 1846. In his revisions of Caucasian (Lucas, 1846), Minicia marginella (Wider, 1834), Pel- Linyphidae Tanasevitch [1987, 1990] recorded five lenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875), Sitticus pulchelus Lo- species in Naxçivan, Archaraeoncus prospiciens gunov, 1992, Dipoena inornata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, (Thorell, 1875), Centromerus minor Tanasevich, 1990, 1861) è Lasaeola prona (Menge, 1868), à òðè âèäà Pelecopsis crassipes Tanasevich, 1987, Stemonyphantes íîâûå äëÿ Àçåðáàéäæàíà: Bolyphantes caucasicus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Walckenaeria antica Tanasevitch, 1990, Cyclosa sierrae Simon, 1870 è (Wider, 1834). Dunin [1991, 1992] added two dysderid Xysticus spasskyi Utotschkin, 1968). 15 âèäîâ ïðîèëëþ- species to the fauna of republic (Dysdera richteri Chari- ñòðèðîâàíû. tonov, 1956 and Harpactea nachitschevanica Dunin, 1991). Four additional species (Heliophanus auratus C.L. Koch, 1835, Phlegra fuscipes (= P. cinereofascia- Introduction ta Simon, 1868), Salticus tricinctus C.L. Koch, 1846, Sitticus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875) were reported by Naxçivan (or Nakhichevan) Autonomous Republic Logunov [Logunov 1996a, 1998; Logunov & Rakov, is an administrative unit of Azerbaijan separated from 1998; Rakov & Logunov, 1996]. So, until recently only the rest of the country by the belt ca 30 km wide. It has 22 species were known from Naxçivan. 136 Yu.M. Marusik, E.F. Guseinov & H.A. Aliev Most recent works concerned Naxçivan fauna are as Survey of species follows: Logunov & Guseinov [2002] concluded that Nenilins record of S. saltator actually refers to S. AGELENIDAE (3 species) ammophilus. Recently Azarkina [2003] described a new species of jumping spider, Phlegra dunini Azarki- Malthonica lehtineni Guseinov, Marusik et Ko- na, 2003, from Naxçivan. Three agelenid and six Enop- ponen, 2004 lognatha species were added to the fauna Naxçivan on MATERIAL. 1 # [15/01] (EFG). the base of present material [Guseinov et al., in press, COMMENTS. Described only recently based exclusive- 2004a, b]. ly on material from Naxçivan. Thus, up to date, 31 species of spiders from 12 U families were known in Naxçivan. During our join trip Malthonica lyncea (Brignoli, 1978) MATERIAL. 1 # [14] (YMM). to Naxçivan in 2003 we collected many additional COMMENTS. Earlier was known from Turkey only spider species. Results of the treatment of this material [Platnick, 2003]. Our record, first for Azerbaijan and former are given in the present paper. USSR, extends known range further to north-east. Material and methods Malthonica nakhichevanica Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2004 MATERIAL. 1 # (YMM) [14]; 1 $ [15/02] (YMM). Major part of material have been collected at three COMMENTS. Described only recently based exclusive- localities far separated from each other. In northeastern ly on material from Naxçivan. Naxçivan material was collected in three closely separat- ed (ca. 4-10 km) sites. Some specimens were collected in ARANEIDAE (7) Naxçivan City and Sharur Town. Considering that fauna of Naxçivan is almost unknown, we list in our survey all Araniella opisthographa (Kulczyñski, 1905) species found in the area, although rather many of them MATERIAL. 1 # [14] (EFG). were not identified to species level. COMMENTS. It seems this species has Euro-Central List of main collecting sites is given below. Numbers Asian range [cf. Mikhailov, 1997]. 13, 14 and 15 correspond to our field numbers in Azer- baijan in 2003. Cyclosa sierrae Simon, 1870A [13] W part, Sharur Distr., Dasharkh Vill., Fig. 1. 39º33,629N 45º02.53E, 870 m, 1-4.06.2003 C. s.: Levi, 1977: 79, f. 30-33; Levy, 1998: 318, f. 24-32. [14] W part, Sharur Distr., ca 3 km E of Akhura Vill. MATERIAL. 5 $$ [14] (YMM & EFG). COMMENTS. Mediterranean species. Earlier reported 39º34 N 45º11E, 1400 m, 2.06.2003 in Georgia. New species for Azerbaijan. By general appear- [15/01] NE part, Shakhbuz Dist., Batabat locality, ance this species is very similar to C. conica (Pallas, 1772), 39º31,9N 45º47.3E, 2100 m, subalpine meadows & although can be separated by the shape of epigyne and palp. under stones, 3.06.2003 [15/02] NE part, Shakhbuz Dist., env. of Bichenek Hypsosinga sanguinea (C.L. Koch, 1844) Vill., 39º31,696N 45º46.6E, 2000 m, oak forest, MATERIAL. 1 #, 1 $ [15/02] (EFG). 3.06.2003 COMMENTS. Ttrans-Palaearctic species. [15/03] NE part, Shakhbuz Dist., env. of Bichenek Vill., Bichenek River, 39º29,473N 45º44.997E, 1600 Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802) m, gravely bank, 3.06.2003 MATERIAL. 1 $ [14] (HAA); 1j [15/02] (YMM). Species new to the fauna of Azerbaijan are marked COMMENTS. Euro-Central Asian species. with A, species new to Caucasus as a whole are marked with C, species new to the fauna of the former Soviet Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757) Union as a whole are indicated by U. Species earlier MATERIAL. 1 # [13] (YMM). COMMENTS. Trans-Palaearctic species. reported from Naxçivan are shown by * sign. Singa neta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)U Naxçivan has different spelling: Naxçivan in Azer- Figs 2, 3. baijanian alphabet, Nakhichevan transliteration from S. n.: Levy, 1984: 124, f. 26-41. Russian to English, Naxçivan direct transliteration MATERIAL. 1 #, 1 $ [14] (EFG). from Azerbaijanian into English. COMMENTS. Mediterranean species. Our record is be- Material treated herein was shared between Zoo- ing the first for Azerbaijan and former USSR, and northeas- logical Museum University of Turku (main collection termost in the range. This species can be easily separated and YM temporary collection), Zoological Museum of from the other congeners by having round spots on abdomen. Moscow State University and Institute of Zoology, Other Singa species have longitudinal stripes and bands. Baku. U The names of collectors are abbreviated as follow: Siwa atomaria (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) Figs 4, 5. YMM (Yuri M. Marusik), EFG (Elchin F. Guseinov), S. a.: Levy, 1986: 3, f. 19. HAA (Halid A. Aliev). MATERIAL. 1 #, 2 $$ [13] (YMM & HAA). Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan 4. Fauna of Nakhichevan 137 Figs 15. General appearance of Cyclosa sierrae, $ (1), Singa neta, # & $ (2, 3) and Siwa atomaria, # & $ (4, 5). Ðèñ. 15. Âíåøíèé âèä Cyclosa sierrae, $ (1), Singa neta, # & $ (2, 3) è Siwa atomaria, # & $ (4, 5). COMMENTS. East Mediterranean species. Earlier known Clubiona pseudosimilis Mikhailov,
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    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector ARTICLE IN PRESS Toxicon 49 (2007) 531–549 www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Review Insecticidal toxins from black widow spider venom A. Rohou, J. Nield, Y.A. Ushkaryovà Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK Received 28 September 2006; accepted 17 November 2006 Available online 30 November 2006 Abstract The biological effects of Latrodectus spider venom are similar in animals from different phyla, but these symptoms are caused by distinct phylum-specific neurotoxins (collectively called latrotoxins) with molecular masses ranging from 110 to 140 kDa. To date, the venom has been found to contain five insecticidal toxins, termed a, b, g, d and e-latroinsectotoxins (LITs). There is also a vertebrate-specific neurotoxin, a-latrotoxin (a-LTX), and one toxin affecting crustaceans, a-latrocrustatoxin (a-LCT). These toxins stimulate massive release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals and act (1) by binding to specific receptors, some of which mediate an exocytotic signal, and (2) by inserting themselves into the membrane and forming ion-permeable pores. Specific receptors for LITs have yet to be identified, but all three classes of vertebrate receptors known to bind a-LTX are also present in insects. All LTXs whose structures have been elucidated (a-LIT, d-LIT, a-LTX and a-LCT) are highly homologous and have a similar domain architecture, which consists of a unique N-terminal sequence and a large domain composed of 13–22 ankyrin repeats.
  • 196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 a Revised Checklist of the Spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection Criteria and Lists

    196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 a Revised Checklist of the Spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection Criteria and Lists

    196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection criteria and lists Alastair Lavery The checklist has two main sections; List A contains all Burach, Carnbo, species proved or suspected to be established and List B Kinross, KY13 0NX species recorded only in specific circumstances. email: [email protected] The criterion for inclusion in list A is evidence that self- sustaining populations of the species are established within Great Britain and Ireland. This is taken to include records Abstract from the same site over a number of years or from a number A revised checklist of spider species found in Great Britain and of sites. Species not recorded after 1919, one hundred years Ireland is presented together with their national distributions, before the publication of this list, are not included, though national and international conservation statuses and syn- this has not been applied strictly for Irish species because of onymies. The list allows users to access the sources most often substantially lower recording levels. used in studying spiders on the archipelago. The list does not differentiate between species naturally Keywords: Araneae • Europe occurring and those that have established with human assis- tance; in practice this can be very difficult to determine. Introduction List A: species established in natural or semi-natural A checklist can have multiple purposes. Its primary pur- habitats pose is to provide an up-to-date list of the species found in the geographical area and, as in this case, to major divisions The main species list, List A1, includes all species found within that area.