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Disaster Risk Reduction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region JANUARY 2008

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Disaster Risk Reduction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region JANUARY 2008 10701-C1-C4.qxd 5/2/08 3:09 PM Page C1 REPORT ON THE STATUS OF Disaster Risk Reduction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region JANUARY 2008 Commission of the African Union 10701-C1-C4.qxd 5/2/08 3:09 PM Page C2 Contact: Foday Bojang Head of Division National Resources and Environment Commission of the African Union Tel: (+251 11) 551 7484 Email: [email protected] Contact: Seth D. Vordzorgbe Senior Regional Advisor UN/ISDR Secretariat, Africa P. O. Box 47074, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 762 4101 Fax: (+254 20) 762 4726 www.unisdr.org/africa E-mail: [email protected] Addis Ababa Cell: (+251) 915 744 549 Contact: Ian Bannon Sector Manager Fragile States, Conflict and Social Development Unit Regional Coordinator for Disaster Risk Management The World Bank, Africa Region 701 18th Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20433 USA (MSN J11-1102) Tel: (+202) 473 9042 E-mail: [email protected] Report prepared by Rakhi Bhavnani Martin Owor Seth Vordzorgbe Franck Bousquet 10701-C1-C4.qxd 5/2/08 3:09 PM Page C3 STATUS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN THE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REGION January 2008 The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication, and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... v 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Sub-Saharan Africa Region Disaster Profile ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction System Partner Agencies’ Contribution ........................................ 5 2. REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN SSA....................................................................... 18 2.1. Disaster Management at the Regional Level ....................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Disaster Management at the Sub-Regional Level................................................................................................ 19 3. National Disaster risk reduction and Management .............................................................................. 21 3.1. Institutional Frameworks..................................................................................................................................... 21 3.4. Implementation.................................................................................................................................................... 30 4. BEST PRACTICES IN THE SSA REGION......................................................................................... 32 4.1. Emergency Food Security Reserve Management in Ethiopia.............................................................................. 32 4.2. Drought Mitigation Strategies in Mozambique ................................................................................................... 32 4.3. Effective Flood Management in Mozambique .................................................................................................... 33 4.4. Awareness Creation and Public Information Dissemination in Tanzania............................................................ 34 4.5. Integrating Early Warning into Public Policy Cyclone Warning in Mauritius .................................................... 34 4.6. Community Preparedness for Volcanic Eruptions: the Case of Goma ................................................................ 35 4.7. Enhancing Inter-Sector Linkages in National Disaster Reduction Policy in Uganda.......................................... 36 4.8. Institutional Partnership: The Africa Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction......................................... 36 4.9. Knowledge and Information Sharing: The Case of Southern Africa................................................................... 37 4.10. Protecting Degraded Dryland Forest: Tiogo Forest Reserve, Burkina Faso...................................................... 37 4.11. Disaster Information Management System in South Africa .............................................................................. 38 4.12. Inter-Sectoral Collaboration and Heightened Education to Reduce Epidemic Mortality .................................. 38 4.13. Preventive Management of Natural Hazards: Landslide Management in Uganda ............................................ 39 4.14. Integrating Disaster Risk Management into Rural Development in Central Mozambique................................ 39 4.15. Index-based Weather Insurance Helps the Case of Malawi............................................................................... 40 4.16. Risk Assessment Study in Gambia .................................................................................................................... 40 5. GAPS, CONSTRAINTS AND NEEDS................................................................................................ 42 5.1. Key Gaps and Constraints ................................................................................................................................... 42 5.2. Key Needs ........................................................................................................................................................... 43 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................. 46 Annex 1: Definition of Terms...................................................................................................................... 48 Annex 2: Country Questionnaire Form..................................................................................................... 50 Annex 3: Country Disaster Risk Reduction Profiles ................................................................................ 51 FIGURES Figure 1: People Affected by Natural Disasters, 1971-2000 .............................................................v Figure 2: Number of Reported Disasters in SSA...............................................................................1 Figure 3: Distribution of Disasters in SSA during 1985-2005 ..........................................................2 Figure 4: Distribution of Hazard Risk Hotspots in SSA....................................................................3 Figure 5: Natural Disaster Portfolio in Comparison with All World Bank Projects .........................8 Figure 6: Locust Invasions in West Africa in 2004. ..........................................................................9 TABLES Table 1: Key Provisions of World Bank Policies Pertaining to Natural Disaster Risk Reduction....6 Table 2: World Bank GFDRR SSA Track II Countries. .................................................................12 FOREWORD This report on the status of disaster risk reduction in the region has been prepared to increase awareness of the importance of disaster reduction as an integral part of sustainable development. It is the result of ongoing efforts by the World Bank, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), and countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Region to effectively integrate disaster risk reduction into development processes. The findings of this report are based on contributions from Governments at the Third National Platform Consultative Meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, on October 26-27, 2006, and at the West Africa Sub-regional Conference on Hazard Risk Reduction held in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire on May 17-18, 2007. A survey questionnaire was prepared and distributed with the support of UNISDR to countries in order to gather information on the following areas: (i) disaster risks in the region; (ii) institutional arrangements and capacity for disaster risk management; (iii) key regional and country gaps; (iv) best practices in disaster risk reduction across the region; (v) the role of the World Bank and other institutions; (vi) capacities of the World Bank to support and contribute substantively to disaster risk reduction in the region; and (vii) partner gaps and needs. This report documents the situation of disasters and disaster risk reduction in the region, identifies gaps in this area, and draws attention to related needs for remedial or enhancement actions. It aims to provide feedback to global, regional, and national entities in their efforts to mainstream disaster risk reduction in national and sub-national planning and enhance the contribution of disaster risk reduction to poverty alleviation and sustainable development. The overall conclusion of the report is that the region has made significant progress in disaster risk reduction, especially in terms of policies, institutions, and organizations. National Disaster Management Organizations have been established, legislation is in place, a number of policy statements have been articulated, and political commitment to disaster risk reduction has been increasing gradually. There is also growing recognition of the need to improve and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of disaster management
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