Introduzione a Linux

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Introduzione a Linux Introduzione a Linux Introduzione a Linux Una guida pratica Machtelt Garrels Garrels.be <tille_want_no_spam_at_garrels_dot_be> Versione 1.25 Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Machtelt Garrels 20070511 Traduzione in italiano (v. 1.25.0) di Andrea Montagner - 1 Introduzione a Linux ● 2 Introduzione a Linux Indice generale Introduzione..............................................................................................................................................9 1. Perché questa guida?........................................................................................................................9 2. Chi dovrebbe leggere questo libro?................................................................................................9 3. Nuove versioni e disponibilità.........................................................................................................9 4. Storia delle revisioni......................................................................................................................10 5. Contributi.......................................................................................................................................11 6. Feedback.........................................................................................................................................11 7. Informazioni sul copyright............................................................................................................11 8. Cosa vi serve?................................................................................................................................12 9. Convenzioni utilizzate in questo documento................................................................................12 10. Organizzazione di questo documento.........................................................................................13 Capitolo 1. Cos©è Linux?........................................................................................................................15 1.1. Storia...........................................................................................................................................15 1.1.1. UNIX...................................................................................................................................15 1.1.2. Linus e Linux......................................................................................................................16 1.1.3. Attuale utilizzazione dei sistemi Linux.............................................................................17 1.2. L©interfaccia utente......................................................................................................................18 1.2.1. Linux è difficile?.................................................................................................................18 1.2.2. Linux per utenti non esperti...............................................................................................18 1.3. Linux ha futuro?..........................................................................................................................19 1.3.1. Open Source........................................................................................................................19 1.3.2. Dieci anni di esperienza al vostro servizio........................................................................20 1.4. Caratteristiche di Linux..............................................................................................................21 1.4.1. Vantaggi di Linux...............................................................................................................21 1.4.2. Svantaggi di Linux..............................................................................................................23 1.5. Sapore di Linux...........................................................................................................................24 1.5.1. Linux e GNU.......................................................................................................................24 1.5.2. GNU/Linux.........................................................................................................................25 1.5.3. Quale distribuzione dovrei installare?...............................................................................25 1.6. Sommario....................................................................................................................................26 1.7. Esercizi........................................................................................................................................27 Capitolo 2. Avvio rapido........................................................................................................................28 2.1. Connettersi, attivare l©interfaccia utente e disconnettersi.........................................................28 2.1.1. Introduzione........................................................................................................................28 2.1.2. Modalità grafica..................................................................................................................28 2.1.3. Modalità testo......................................................................................................................30 2.2. Rudimenti essenziali...................................................................................................................31 2.2.1. I comandi.............................................................................................................................31 2.2.2. Annotazioni generali...........................................................................................................32 2.2.3. Usare le caratteristiche di Bash..........................................................................................33 2.3. Cercare aiuto...............................................................................................................................35 2.3.1. State attenti..........................................................................................................................35 2.3.2. Le pagine man.....................................................................................................................35 2.3.3. Maggiori informazioni........................................................................................................37 3 Introduzione a Linux 2.4. Sommario....................................................................................................................................40 2.5. Esercizi........................................................................................................................................41 2.5.1. Connessione e disconnessione...........................................................................................41 2.5.2. Password..............................................................................................................................42 2.5.3. Le directory.........................................................................................................................42 2.5.4. I file......................................................................................................................................43 2.5.5. Cercare aiuto.......................................................................................................................44 Capitolo 3. File e file system..................................................................................................................45 3.1. Panoramica generale sul file system Linux...............................................................................45 3.1.1. I file......................................................................................................................................45 3.1.2. Il partizionamento...............................................................................................................47 3.1.3. Di più sulla struttura del file system..................................................................................51 3.2. Orientarsi nel file system............................................................................................................54 3.2.1. Il percorso............................................................................................................................54 3.2.2. Percorsi assoluti e relativi..................................................................................................56 3.2.3. I file e le directory più importanti......................................................................................56 3.2.4. I file di configurazione più importanti...............................................................................59 3.2.5. I più comuni device............................................................................................................61 3.2.6. I più comuni file di variabili...............................................................................................62 3.3. Manipolare i file..........................................................................................................................64 3.3.1. Vedere le proprietà dei file.................................................................................................64 3.3.2. Creare e cancellare file e directory....................................................................................66
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