EU-Turkey Relations Theories, Institutions, and Policies

EU-Turkey Relations Theories, Institutions, and Policies Edited by Wulf Reiners · Ebru Turhan EU-Turkey Relations “Never have relations between Turkey and the European Union been so tense. Yet rarely have we had the opportunity to realize how important this relationship is, for good and ill. At such a critical juncture, this edited volume by Reiners and Turhan provides a much needed theoretical, empirical and policy compass to guide us through the turbulent waters of what remains an existentially important relationship for both the European Union and Turkey.” —Nathalie Tocci, Special Advisor to EU HRVP Josep Borrell, and Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), Rome, Italy “This is an important and original contribution. It offers concrete suggestions concerning how to end the current stalemate in Turkey-EU relations and recreate the basis of a new partnership. It should appeal to a broad audience of scholars, students and practitioners.” —Ziya Öni¸s, Professor, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey “This volume amounts to a quintessential handbook of EU-Turkey relations after 2009. The theoretical and empirical breadth of its contributions and their state-of-the art analyses in light of domestic, bilateral and global influences provide valuable insights for the interested public, policymakers, and experts alike. Instead of reaffirming stereotypes, the authors highlight the complexities of the relationship, providing an excellent basis for future studies as much as further political debate.” —Thomas Diez, Professor, University of Tübingen, Germany “This volume focuses on the last decade of the relations between the EU and Turkey when profound changes have taken place both in Europe and the World. The book’s unique contribution rests on the fact that it introduces a systematic and multidimensional analysis of the field bringing together studies on theories, actors, and policies. It should be praised as the result of a fruitful collaboration between scholars from the EU and Turkey—all of them European—when relations at the political level ran into hurdles.” —Çi˘gdem Nas, Secretary General, Economic Development Foundation (IKV) / Associate Professor, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey “With excellent timing Reiners and Turhan have brought together a distinguished team of experts to look at the dynamics of a relationship that is often problematic but of critical importance to both the EU and Turkey. The volume covers not only the current disputes between the two sides but offers a balanced, thoughtful but critical analysis of the multi-faceted EU-Turkey relationship over the past decade or so, providing us with an excellent and comprehensive study.” —Geoffrey Edwards, Senior Fellow and Emeritus Reader, University of Cambridge, UK Wulf Reiners · Ebru Turhan Editors EU-Turkey Relations Theories, Institutions, and Policies Editors Wulf Reiners Ebru Turhan German Development Institute / Turkish-German University Deutsches Institut für Istanbul, Turkey Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Bonn, Germany ISBN 978-3-030-70889-4 ISBN 978-3-030-70890-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 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This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Gülü seven dikenine katlanır—who loves the rose should put up with its thorns. When we started the systematic re-assessment of the ever-evolving EU–Turkey relations more than three years ago, we saw the urgent need for a volume with handbook character that provided an update of the existing literature and a comprehensive study of the new complexities that epitomize the relationship. The world has changed since then more than most would have anticipated, creating an even greater need for this volume. We are happy and relieved that the plan has finally come together, despite the thorny character of this ‘academic rose’. Challenges concerned the complexity and dynamic evolution of the topic and the large scope of the volume, as well as the conditions under which it had to be coordinated, written and prepared. However, the greatness of a relationship lies not only in the challenges it faces, but in how it meets them. This insight—and attitude—is not only true for a comprehensive transnational knowledge cooperation project like the volume at hand, but also for EU–Turkey relations in general. We are proud that the idea blossomed as a true, transformative collaboration between scholars from the EU and Turkey during times when cooperation at the political level has remained troubled. We initiated it during our time at the Turkish German University (TDU) in our capacity as coordinators of the Jean Monnet Module ‘INSITER—Inside the Turkey–EU Relations’ (2016–2019). During joint research activi- ties in Berlin, Brussels, Istanbul and Paris, we conceptualized the central v vi PREFACE elements for the different parts of the volume. The situation in Turkey, in Germany–Turkey and EU–Turkey relations had already become compli- cated, but the view at the ‘Rotonde de la Villette’ in Paris reminded us that EU-Turkey relations encompass manifold components that will endure.1 In recent months, collaborative work on the project helped us bridge the distance between the EU and Turkey as we worked remotely from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, we could not stress enough how fortunate and thankful we are that this fasci- nating group of scholars accepted our invitation to work with us. It is the balanced mix of authors from both the EU and Turkey that makes the volume a particularly rich academic bouquet. In this spirit of cross-border and interdisciplinary collaboration, the volume has benefitted from the Jean Monnet Module INSITER, co- funded by the Erasmus+ program of the EU. It is published with support from the Managing Global Governance (MGG) program of the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwick- lungspolitik (DIE). While the MGG partner countries are a defined group beyond Turkey, the underlying rationale for and questions around cooperation with these countries also apply to the EU/Germany–Turkey relationship. MGG facilitates knowledge cooperation, policy dialogue, and training on, with and between emerging economies (or rising powers), Germany and the EU to jointly address global challenges. Central refer- ence points are the global goals prominently enshrined in the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The book is full of evidence of how the EU and Turkey hold the potential for mutually addressing these major economic, social and environmental challenges at the domestic, regional and global levels. The individual political agendas of the EU and Turkey and the common challenges are complex and inter- twined, require both intensified cooperation and deepened analysis, and thus—in their respective and unique way—also speak to the discussion on cooperation with and among rising powers. Since Turkey shares many characteristics of the rising powers on which MGG typically focuses, the volume also contributes to the debate on important overarching questions of inter- and transnational cooperation, and the quest for global partnerships and effective multilateralism in times of global power shifts. 1 This fine building is located in the 19th arrondissement of Paris. It was originally erected as a customs facility and part of the city walls of Paris. The EU-Turkey Customs Union Agreement is one of the relatively stable components of EU-Turkey relations. PREFACE vii In this context, we are particularly grateful that this piece of knowledge co-creation can be published as an open access volume, making it widely available not only in the EU and Turkey but to researchers, policymakers and students around the globe, including but not limited to the MGG network. Clearly, this book would not have been possible without support and maintenance from many sides. We would like to thank our authors for working to a high standard, their trust in us and their perseverance over months. Special thanks go to Dimitris Tsarouhas and Wolfgang Wessels for the encouragement and support to identify the right publishing house. In this context, we are much obliged to the external reviewers for their fertilizing inputs, as well as to Ambra Finotello, Rebecca Roberts, and John Justin Thomyyar from Palgrave for the valuable guidance during the publication process.

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