DOCSLIB.ORG

BOA6.1-2 Reproduction and Metamorphosis.Key

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Biology of Amphibians Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) 6.1-2: Reproduction and Metamorphosis Bufonidae: Atelopus certus Typical Amphibian Life Stages Typical Amphibian Life Stages Typical Amphibian Life Stages Paedomorphic Amphibian Life Stages Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Mate Location How do amphibians find each other? Mate Location Breeding Seasons Mate Location Activity for a species Is seasonally, temporally and hydrologically linked Some tropical and mild temperate species have protracted breeding seasons, but most species reproduce within 1 - 8 weeks. Mate Location Migrations Amphibians obligated to breed in ephemeral wetlands are migratory Site fidelity: many species return to their natal pond each year Only in the puddle to breed (50 weeks/yr underground) but need TWO intact and unobstructed habitats Use yet unknown cues to find their pond and return to over-wintering site Migrations generally not longer than 500m for salamanders / 1500m for frogs upland / brumation site What does a salamander migration look like? migratory route vernal pool / breeding site Ambystoma maculatum | SPOTTED SALAMANDER Ephemeral wetland breeding amphibians migrate to breeding sites. In the northeast, that often means migrating en masse at near freezing temperatures Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma jeffersonianum Amphibian Migrations vs Habitat Fragmentation (in an urban habitat) Many OEWB amphibians travel the same route every year to and from the breeding site If a road, or other obstruction is built between the two sites, the amphibian will be forced to cross it each year at least twice upland / brumation site There is potential for very high road mortality during migrations migratory route road vernal pool / breeding site Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma maculatum Henry Street. Amherst, MA Ambystoma maculatum | SPOTTED SALAMANDER Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma annulatum Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma maculatum | Ranidae: Lithobates sylvaticus Ceratophryidae: Lepidobatrachus laevis Ceratophryidae: Lepidobatrachus laevis Ceratophryidae: Lepidobatrachus laevis Mate Location Frog Calls and Choruses Frogs The first vertebrates to vocalize on land Hylidae: Dendropsophus microcephalus Males communicate to females (and other males) through a series of auditory sounds. The most prominent of which is the advertisement call. Hylidae: Hyla cinerea Anatomy of a Frog Call Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates leucomelas Bufonidae: Anaxyrus fowleri Pipidae: Pipa pipa Frog Chorus Hylidae: Pseudacris feriarum Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla rabborum Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Mate Selection How do amphibians choose each other? Mate Selection Leks & male territoriality Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates truncatus Pyxicephalidae: Pyxicephhalus adspersus Bufonidae: Atelopus zeteki Bufonidae: Atelopus zeteki Mate Selection Satellites & male deception Hylidae: Hyla cinerea Mate Selection Sexual Selection Secondary Sexual Characteristics Mate Selection Primary Genitalia and Organs for Reproduction Secondary Morphological differences between the sexes that are not directly involved in reproduction male female Typical salamander cloaca cirri Plethodontidae: Eurycea cirrigera nuptial pads Salamandridae: Pleurodeles waltl nuptial pad Salamandridae: Pleurodeles waltl mental gland Plethodontidae: Plethodon shermani Plethodontidae: Plethodon shermani Megophryidae: Leptobrachium boringii Salamandridae: Triturus sp. Salamandridae: Triturus dobrogicus Salamandridae: Triturus dobrogicus Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma maculatum Hylidae: Litoria wilcoxi Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Courtship Are you going to buy me dinner first? Courtship Salamandridae: Triturus vulgaris Courtship Plethodontidae: Plethodon jordani Courtship Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma talpoideum ‘wafting’ Salamandridae: Ichthyosaura alpestris Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Amplexus & Fertilization Axillary/Lumbar Amplexus Rhinophrynidae: Rhinophrynus dorsalis Axillary/Lumbar Amplexus Scaphiopodidae: Scaphiopus couchii Axillary/Lumbar Amplexus Axillary/Lumbar Amplexus Bufonidae: Atelopus certus Inguinal Amplexus Bufonidae: Bufo bufo Inguinal Amplexus Centrolenidae: Inguinal Amplexus Centrolenidae: Cochranella euknemos Inguinal Amplexus Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Inguinal Amplexus Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus ?? Amplexus Frog/Toad Amplexus Frog/Salamander Amplexus Frog/Salamander Amplexus Necroplexus: Frog/Dead Frog Amplexus Ranidae: Lithobates clamitans Newt Amplexus Glued Amplexus Brevicipitidae Glued Amplexus Brevicipitidae Cephalic Amplexus Dendrobatidae: Epipedobates anthonyi ?? Amplexus Nasikabatrachidae: Nasikabatrachus sp. phallodeum Internal fertilization in caecilians Order: Gymnophiona Internal fertilization Spermatophore deposition and reception Salamandridae: Ichthyosaura alpestris Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Egg Deposition Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma maculatum Bufonidae: Anaxyrus americanus Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Ranidae: Lithobates sylvaticus Bufonidae: Rhinella marinus Proteidae: Necturus maculosus Ranidae: Lithobates clamitans Plethodontidae: Aneides aeneus Hemiphractidae: Hemiphractus fasciatus Rhacophoridae: Chiromantis sp. Rhacophoridae: Chiromantis xerampelina Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Egg Development Egg Development Typical Amphibian Embryo Development Egg Development Order: Gymnophiona Caecilian Embryonic Development Stages in the development of the caecilian Ichthyophis glutinosus. A. Neurulation. B. Early organogenesis. C. Late development. Branchial arches are designated by roman numerals. Egg Development Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Egg Development Parental Care Eleuterodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus coqui Dendrobatidae: Epipedobates tricolor Alytidae: Alytes obstretricans Centrolenidae: Sachatamia albomaculata Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium valeroi Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium valeroi Plethhodontidae: Plethodon glutinosus Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Egg Development Direct Development Oviparous Oviparous caecilians can also lay their eggs terrestrially, which are direct developing, skipping the free- swimming larval stage and hatch into miniature versions of the adult form. Chikila sp. Viviparous Typhlonectes natans Herpele squalostoma Viviparous caecilians can be aquatic or terrestrial. Viviparity is the most common condition and is considered apomorphic among the more derived caecilians. Eleutherodactylidae: Pristimantis gaigei Eleutherodactylidae: Pristimantis gaigei Pipidae: Pipa pipa Pipidae: Pipa pipa Pipidae: Pipa pipa Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca marsupiata Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca cornuta Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca cornuta Hemiphractidae: Hemiphractus sp. Hemiphractidae: Stefania ginesi Rhinodermatidae: Rhinoderma darwinii Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Hatching Hatching Typical Amphibian Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates tinctorius Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates tinctorius Hynobiidae: Hynobius sp. Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma mexicanum Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma maculatum Hatching Leaf Frogs and Allies Centrolenidae: Cochhranella granulosa Centrolenidae: Cochhranella granulosa Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis callidryas Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis callidryas Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Larvae Tadpole Anatomy Orton’s Tadpole Types A. Pipidae, Rhynophhrynidae B. Microhylidae C. Bombinatoridae, Discoglossidae, Ascaphidae, Leiopelmatidae D. All other frogs Indirana semipalmata Micrixalus herrei Phyllodytes sp. Pipidae: Xenopus laevis Nasikabatrachidae: Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis Mate Location Mate Selection Courtship Amplexus & Fertilization Egg Deposition Egg Development Parental Care Hatching Larvae Metamorphosis Metamorphosis Amphibian metamorphosis is accompanied by spectacular changes in external morphology, such as limb development, craniofacial remodeling, gill degeneration, and tail resorption. However, the internal changes that accompany metamorphosis, such as gut and immune system remodeling, are even more dramatic. Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Nasikabatrachidae: Nasikabatrachus bhupathi Hylidae: Phyllodytes sp. Centrolenidae: Cochhranella euknemos Tune in next time for Anatomy & Physiology [email protected] | 678 379 8623.
Recommended publications
  • Auto Guia Version Ingles

    Auto Guia Version Ingles

    Parque Natural Metropolitano Tel: (507) 232-5516/5552 Fax: (507) 232-5615 www.parquemetropolitano.org Ave. Juan Pablo II final P.O. Box 0843-03129 Balboa, Ancón, Panamá República de Panamá 2 Taylor, L. 2006. Raintree Nutrition, Tropical Plant Database. http://www.rain- Welcome to the Metropolitan Natural Park, the lungs of Panama tree.com/plist.htm. Date accessed; February 2007 City! The park was established in 1985 and contains 232 hectares. It is one of the few protected areas located within the city border. Thomson, L., & Evans, B. 2006. Terminalia catappa (tropical almond), Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources You are about to enter an ecosystem that is nearly extinct in Latin (PAR), Elevitch, C.R. (ed.). http://www.traditionaltreeorg . Date accessed March America: the Pacific dry forests. Whether your goals for this walk 2007-04-23 are a simple walk to keep you in shape or a careful look at the forest and its inhabitants, this guide will give you information about Young, A., Myers, P., Byrne, A. 1999, 2001, 2004. Bradypus variegatus, what can be commonly seen. We want to draw your attention Megalonychidae, Atta sexdens, Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bradypus_var toward little things that may at first glance seem hidden away. Our iegatus.html. Date accessed March 2007 hope is that it will raise your curiosity and that you’ll want to learn more about the mysteries that lie within the tropical forest. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The contents of this book include tree identifications, introductions Text and design: Elisabeth Naud and Rudi Markgraf, McGill University, to basic ecological concepts and special facts about animals you Montreal, Canada.
  • Amphibians in Zootaxa: 20 Years Documenting the Global Diversity of Frogs, Salamanders, and Caecilians

    Amphibians in Zootaxa: 20 Years Documenting the Global Diversity of Frogs, Salamanders, and Caecilians

    Zootaxa 4979 (1): 057–069 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Review ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:972DCE44-4345-42E8-A3BC-9B8FD7F61E88 Amphibians in Zootaxa: 20 years documenting the global diversity of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA1*+, DIEGO BALDO2*+, FLORENCIA VERA CANDIOTI3, VICTOR GOYANNES DILL ORRICO4, DAVID C. BLACKBURN5, SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER6, KIN ONN CHAN7, PRISCILLA GAMBALE8, DAVID J. GOWER9, EVAN S.H. QUAH10, JODI J. L. ROWLEY11, EVAN TWOMEY12 & MIGUEL VENCES13 1Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia - GHA and Semillero de Investigación en Biodiversidad - BIO, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-5480 2Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-0872 3Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación Miguel Lillo, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina [email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-9951 4Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-4006 5Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-9886 6Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av.
  • Historically, Direct-Developing Frogs of The

    Historically, Direct-Developing Frogs of The

    Historically, direct-developing frogs of the genus Eleutherodacylus (Family: Eleutherodactylidae) have been some of the most perplexing and taxonomically challenging amphibians in the New World to investigate. In the following paper, the authors studied these frogs in western Mexico, and conducted a series of morphological, molecular, and vocalization analyses. Their results revealed the existence of six new species. Pictured here is an individual from Ixtlahuacán, Colima, in its natural habitat, one of the species being described. ' © Christoph I. Grünwald 6 Grünwald et al. Six new species of Eleutherodactylus www.mesoamericanherpetology.com www.eaglemountainpublishing.com Version of record: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3EDC9AB7-94EE-4EAC-89B4-19F5218A593A Six new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: subgenus Syrrhophus) from Mexico, with a discussion of their systematic relationships and the validity of related species CHRISTOPH I. GRÜNWALD1,2,3,6, JACOBO REYES-VELASCO3,4,6, HECTOR FRANZ-CHÁVEZ3,5,6, KAREN I. 3,6 3,5,6 2,3,6 4 MORALES-FLORES , IVÁN T. AHUMADA-CARRILLO , JASON M. JONES , AND STEPHANE BOISSINOT 1Biencom Real Estate, Carretera Chapala - Jocotepec #57-1, C.P. 45920, Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected] (Corresponding author) 2Herpetological Conservation International - Mesoamerica Division, 450 Jolina Way, Encinitas, California 92024, United States. 3Biodiversa A. C., Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico. 4New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. 5Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Carretera a Nogales Km. 15.5. Las Agujas, Nextipac, Zapopan, C.P. 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. 6Herp.mx A.C., Villa de Alvarez, Colima, Mexico. ABSTRACT: We present an analysis of morphological, molecular, and advertisement call data from sampled populations of Eleutherodactylus (subgenus Syrrhophus) from western Mexico and describe six new spe- cies.
  • The Journey of Life of the Tiger-Striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa Tomopterna (Cope, 1868): Notes of Sexual Behaviour, Nesting and Reproduction in the Brazilian Amazon

    The Journey of Life of the Tiger-Striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa Tomopterna (Cope, 1868): Notes of Sexual Behaviour, Nesting and Reproduction in the Brazilian Amazon

    Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 531-538 (2018) (published online on 25 July 2018) The journey of life of the Tiger-striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa tomopterna (Cope, 1868): Notes of sexual behaviour, nesting and reproduction in the Brazilian Amazon Thainá Najar1,2 and Lucas Ferrante2,3,* The Tiger-striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa tomopterna 2000; Venâncio & Melo-Sampaio, 2010; Downie et al, belongs to the family Phyllomedusidae, which is 2013; Dias et al. 2017). constituted by 63 described species distributed in In 1975, Lescure described the nests and development eight genera, Agalychnis, Callimedusa, Cruziohyla, of tadpoles to C. tomopterna, based only on spawns that Hylomantis, Phasmahyla, Phrynomedusa, he had found around the permanent ponds in the French Phyllomedusa, and Pithecopus (Duellman, 2016; Guiana. However, the author mentions a variation in the Frost, 2017). The reproductive aspects reported for the number of eggs for some spawns and the use of more than species of this family are marked by the uniqueness of one leaf for confection in some nests (Lescure, 1975). egg deposition, placed on green leaves hanging under The nests described by Lescure in 1975 are probably standing water, where the tadpoles will complete their from Phyllomedusa vailantii as reported by Lescure et development (Haddad & Sazima, 1992; Pombal & al. (1995). The number of eggs in the spawns reported Haddad, 1992; Haddad & Prado, 2005). However, by Lescure (1975) diverge from that described by other exist exceptions, some species in the genus Cruziohyla, authors such as Neckel-Oliveira & Wachlevski, (2004) Phasmahylas and Prhynomedusa, besides the species and Lima et al. (2012). In addition, the use of more than of the genus Agalychnis and Pithecopus of clade one leaf for confection in the nest mentioned by Lescure megacephalus that lay their eggs in lotic environments (1975), are characteristic of other species belonging to (Haddad & Prado, 2005; Faivovich et al.
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 123 (2018) 59–72

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 123 (2018) 59–72

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 123 (2018) 59–72 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetic relationships and cryptic species diversity in the Brazilian egg- T brooding tree frog, genus Fritziana Mello-Leitão 1937 (Anura: Hemiphractidae) ⁎ Marina Walker1, , Mariana L. Lyra1, Célio F.B. Haddad Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24A,No 1515, Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The genus Fritziana (Anura: Hemiphractidae) comprises six described species (F. goeldii, F. ohausi, F. fissilis, F. Egg-brooding frogs ulei, F. tonimi, and F. izecksohni) that are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Although the genus has been Molecular phylogeny the subject of studies dealing with its taxonomy, phylogeny, and systematics, there is considerable evidence for Brazilian Atlantic Forest cryptic diversity hidden among the species. The present study aims to understand the genetic diversity and Species diversity phylogenetic relationships among the species of Fritziana, as well as the relationships among populations within New candidate species species. We analyzed 107 individuals throughout the distribution of the genus using three mitochondrial gene Mitochondrial gene rearrangements fragments (12S, 16S, and COI) and two nuclear genes (RAG1 and SLC8A3). Our data indicated that the species diversity in the genus Fritziana is underestimated by the existence of at least three candidate species hidden amongst the group of species with a closed dorsal pouch (i.e. F. fissilis and F. ulei). We also found four species presenting geographical population structures and high genetic diversity, and thus require further investigations.
  • Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca

    Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca

    Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca John F. Lamoreux, Meghan W. McKnight, and Rodolfo Cabrera Hernandez Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 53 Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca John F. Lamoreux, Meghan W. McKnight, and Rodolfo Cabrera Hernandez Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 53 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Lamoreux, J. F., McKnight, M. W., and R. Cabrera Hernandez (2015). Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. xxiv + 320pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1717-3 DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.SSC-OP.53.en Cover photographs: Totontepec landscape; new Plectrohyla species, Ixalotriton niger, Concepción Pápalo, Thorius minutissimus, Craugastor pozo (panels, left to right) Back cover photograph: Collecting in Chamula, Chiapas Photo credits: The cover photographs were taken by the authors under grant agreements with the two main project funders: NGS and CEPF.
  • A New Species of the Genus Nasikabatrachus (Anura, Nasikabatrachidae) from the Eastern Slopes of the Western Ghats, India

    A New Species of the Genus Nasikabatrachus (Anura, Nasikabatrachidae) from the Eastern Slopes of the Western Ghats, India

    Alytes, 2017, 34 (1¢4): 1¢19. A new species of the genus Nasikabatrachus (Anura, Nasikabatrachidae) from the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, India S. Jegath Janani1,2, Karthikeyan Vasudevan1, Elizabeth Prendini3, Sushil Kumar Dutta4, Ramesh K. Aggarwal1* 1Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India. <[email protected]>, <[email protected]>. 2Current Address: 222A, 5th street, Annamalayar Colony, Sivakasi, 626123, India.<[email protected]>. 3Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York NY 10024-5192, USA. <[email protected]>. 4Nature Environment and Wildlife Society (NEWS), Nature House, Gaudasahi, Angul, Odisha. <[email protected]>. * Corresponding Author. We describe a new species of the endemic frog genus Nasikabatrachus,from the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, in India. The new species is morphologically, acoustically and genetically distinct from N. sahyadrensis. Computed tomography scans of both species revealed diagnostic osteological differences, particularly in the vertebral column. Male advertisement call analysis also showed the two species to be distinct. A phenological difference in breeding season exists between the new species (which breeds during the northeast monsoon season; October to December), and its sister species (which breeds during the southwest monsoon; May to August). The new species shows 6 % genetic divergence (K2P) at mitochondrial 16S rRNA (1330 bp) partial gene from its congener, indicating clear differentiation within Nasikabatra- chus. Speciation within this fossorial lineage is hypothesized to have been caused by phenological shift in breeding during different monsoon seasons—the northeast monsoon in the new species versus southwest monsoon in N.
  • Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards

    Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards

    MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science.
  • Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8

    Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Publications Plant Health Inspection Service 2012 Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) Christina A. Olson Utah State University, [email protected] Karen H. Beard Utah State University, [email protected] William C. Pitt National Wildlife Research Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Olson, Christina A.; Beard, Karen H.; and Pitt, William C., "Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)" (2012). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 1174. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/1174 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)1 Christina A. Olson,2 Karen H. Beard,2,4 and William C. Pitt 3 Abstract: The greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, is a direct- developing (i.e., no aquatic stage) frog native to Cuba and the Bahamas. It was introduced to Hawai‘i via nursery plants in the early 1990s and then subsequently from Hawai‘i to Guam in 2003. The greenhouse frog is now widespread on five Hawaiian Islands and Guam.
  • AC29 Inf. 25 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)

    AC29 Inf. 25 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)

    Original language: English AC29 Inf. 25 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Twenty-ninth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 18-22 July 2017 Interpretation and im plem entation m atters General com pliance and enf orcem ent Captive-bred and ranched s pecim ens GUIDANCE FOR INSPECTION OF CAPTIVE BREEDING AND RANCHING FACILITIES The attached information document has been submitted by the Species Survival Network (SSN) * in relation to agenda item 14. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. AC29 Inf. 25 – p. 1 The following report analyzes data contained in the CITES Trade Database for trade in captive-bred, farmed, or ranched amphibians from 2012-2015. The database provided approximately 1,500 lines of data describing the trade of almost 200,000 captive-bred (C), farmed (F), confiscated (I), pre- convention (O), or ranched (R) amphibians for all purposes. This report includes data for live specimens, as well as bodies and parts and derivatives. The data was extracted by means of comparative tabulations of reported imports and exports. Latin American countries, particularly Panama and Nicaragua, were common exporters while North American and European countries, such as Canada, the United States, and the Netherlands, were common importers.
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached

    This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached

    (This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Toxicon 60 (2012) 967–981 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions Enrico König a,*, Mei Zhou b, Lei Wang b, Tianbao Chen b, Olaf R.P. Bininda-Emonds a, Chris Shaw b a AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU – Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany b Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK article info abstract Article history: The skin secretions of frogs and toads (Anura) have long been a known source of a vast Received 23 March 2012 abundance of bioactive substances.
  • Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019)

    Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019)

    IUCN Red List version 2019-3: Table 7 Last Updated: 10 December 2019 Table 7: Species changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019) Published listings of a species' status may change for a variety of reasons (genuine improvement or deterioration in status; new information being available that was not known at the time of the previous assessment; taxonomic changes; corrections to mistakes made in previous assessments, etc. To help Red List users interpret the changes between the Red List updates, a summary of species that have changed category between 2018 (IUCN Red List version 2018-2) and 2019 (IUCN Red List version 2019-3) and the reasons for these changes is provided in the table below. IUCN Red List Categories: EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild, CR - Critically Endangered [CR(PE) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), CR(PEW) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild)], EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, LR/cd - Lower Risk/conservation dependent, NT - Near Threatened (includes LR/nt - Lower Risk/near threatened), DD - Data Deficient, LC - Least Concern (includes LR/lc - Lower Risk, least concern). Reasons for change: G - Genuine status change (genuine improvement or deterioration in the species' status); N - Non-genuine status change (i.e., status changes due to new information, improved knowledge of the criteria, incorrect data used previously, taxonomic revision, etc.); E - Previous listing was an Error. IUCN Red List IUCN Red Reason for Red List Scientific name Common name (2018) List (2019) change version Category