HCpLAToR g2z; UF s:z9 i,l t! rri*rx ITISTORY AND COINAGE OF TITE ARI SYRACUSE. c. 404-400 Be. Si lver Dekadrachm, unsigned dies by Kimon . ... or call for a complimentary catalog .. .. TOM CEDERLIND NUMISMATICS & ANTIQUIT IE S PO Box 1963, Dept. C (503)228-2746 Portland, OR 97207 Fax (503)228-8130 www.TomCederlind.com/[email protected] Vol. 24. No.2 TIle CelatoY" Inside The CelatoY'9 ... February 2010 Consecutive Issue No. 272 Incorporating ROIlum Coins mId Clliwre FEATURES Publisher/Editor Kerry K. Wcttcrstrom [email protected] 6 History and Coinage of the Arkadian League of 370 BCE Associate Editors by Steve M. Benner Robert L. Black Michael R. Mehalick 24 Coins and the Synoptic Problem Page 6 by Peter E. Lewis For Back bsues From The Celtic Coin That Says It Is Celtic 1987 to May 1999 contact: 37 Wayne Sayles by Chris Rudd [email protected] DEPARTMENTS Art: Parnell Nelson 2 Editor's Note Coming Next Month Maps & Graphic An: Page 24 Kenny Grady 4 Letters to the Editor 41 The "Alliance" Deniers of Duke Richard I of P.O. Box 10607 Lancaster, PA 17605 Normandy Tel/Fax: 717-656-8557 by Alan S. DeShazo For FedEx & UPS deliveries: Kerry K. Welterstrom 42 Art and the Market 87 Apricot Ave Leola, PA 17540-1788 ~rofittS: in ilumiS:1l1i1ti( S: www.ceIator.com 43 Art and the Market The eels/or (ISSN .,048-0986) is an Independent joumal pub 44 Coming Events Page 37 lished on the first day 01 each month at 87 Apricot Ave . Leola. 45 AN Tl Q11 ITI ES by David Liebert PA 17540-1788. Il laci/culated in ternationally through subscrip tions and special distributions. 46 Q[oin5" of tbe ~ilJ(e by David Hendin Subscription rates. payable in U,S. funds, are $36 per year (Pe 48 The Internet Connection riodical rate) within the United About the cover: A su Slates: $45 10 Canada: $75 per by Kevin Barry & Zachary "Beast" Beasley perb silve r obol struck year \0 all other addresses (ISAL). Advertising and copy ooadlioo is 49 'lhe CelatM is ""med tM a"d dedicated to the col" dle-e"'JZtl"e1s ot a"tiquitV Nhose a1t umaiHs as pONe1iul a"d appeali",) todaV as i" thei1 ON" time, 2 The Gelator February 2010 3 http://www . c u rrc lie k. c 0 ml to his table. The man asked, "What are producUnfo.php?products_id=3367 4&it= 1. those, they look like old bottle caps." Thank you. I still have fond memories of poring Steve Schultz over his trays, particularly shortly after Lakeland, FL he had acquired new stock. Kudos to Ramskold Alan S. DeShazo Metairie, LA and Kampmann Editor's Note Cout. from page 2 , My compliments for publishing the extraordinary article by Mr. Lars Ram Reader Starts New Blog on skold on his research (and actions) on For space reasons, I cannot list all Ancient Coins & History forgeries ("Highly Deceptive Forgeries of the categories and the estimates of the number of "orphans" within each My fellow collectors might be inter- of Constantine's SPES PVBlIC Coin age," December 2009), and for the category, but some of the totals for cer ested to know I've started a blog on tain areas are interesting: most interesting leiters of Hans Von ancient numismatics and history. I Stone sculpture- 4,700-9,400 Schellenberg ("The Letters of Hans von named it The Aquila, and it's available Schellenberg: A source for the practi Bronze sculpture-6,800-11 ,200 al http://lheaquila.wordpress.com/. I cal aspects of collecting coins ca. Other Bronze (vessels, lamps, ap- don', claim any special expertise, but 1600," by Ursula Kampmann). p[iques, etc.)- 2,900-5,300 just want to share my enjoyment of the Donato Grosser Glassware- IO,OOO- 18,000 field with others. Jewe[ry, including mounted gems New York, NY Additionally, I operate Sieve's [0,700-14,500 Lea ding Edge Learning Alan DeShazo Remembers Engraved gems and seals, etc.- (www.steveslel.com) to provide dis Dealer Dave Hess 9,500·13.800 tance learning courses geared pri The total numbers of cstimated or marily toward home-schooled stu Dave Hess was a dealer in English, phans for all categories arc 67,500- dents, but open to anyone. I'm offer Scottish and Irish coins located in Ba 111 ,900, and these estimated numbers ing the fi rst run of a course on an ton Rouge, Louisiana. His coin busi are "considered by most participants cient numismatics, Learning History ness was a sideline as he was em in the study to be conservative." If any through Coins-An Introduction to ployed fulltime; first as an accountant of our readers are interested in reading Ancient Numismatics, starting in and later as comptroller of Southern the complete study, it can be accessed February. The course is based on Ieee, a company that made a sweet at: http://www.cpri nst.orgiH ameli ssuesJ Wayne Sayles book, Ancient Coin ened ice confection. project -on -un proven anced-ancient-ob Collecting, and is designed to get He was a leader in establishing a j ects-in- pri vate-us-hands. new collecto rs , especially young collector base for those types of coins It would be interesting to have a sim people, interested in ancient coins in the United States in the 1960s. He ilar study for ancient coins, but this is and history. Course details and reg was an admirer of Michael Dolley, the probably unrealistic. Whereas the CPRI istration information are available at leading researcher of Anglo-Saxon coins study used the number of 700,000 for at the time. With Dolley as a model, Dave "unprovcnanced Greek and Roman was a very serious student of the ham coins in private hands," {his number is mered series. lowe much of the re no doubt very conservative. making any Don't miss a single search discipline that I now possess to attempted survey of their true numbers learning from Dave's example. an exercise in futility. And this is the ~ issue of When Dave was new to the business, point, ancient coins are common, over The Celator. he took a table al a California venue all, and should no t be part of any coun ~ where he laid out his treasures for pro try's nationalistic cultura[ property agen Renew today! spective buye rs. For many years after, da. Coins were meant to circulate across he took great amusement from relating borders in ancient times, and this should a comment made by one of the visitors still be the case today. Tn March we offer you an amazing choice of extremely Celtic gold coins. All superb, all different, all recently found Britain, all guaranteed genuine or double your money back. March also brings YOli 'Cosmic Wolves', an exciting article by Dr Daphne Nash Briggs. Ask for a free illustrated catalogue. Chris Rudd, PO Box 222, Aylsham, Norfolk, GB-NRll 6TY. Tel (44) 1263 735 007. Fax (44) 1263 731777. Emailliz@celticcoins .com , 4 The Celato( Pegasi NUMISMATICS Ann Arbor, M [ Holicong, PA .9l uction XXI Complimentary Copy Upon Request "Quality Coins for Discriminating Collectors" Pegasi '7{umismatics POBox 131040 Phone: (734) 995-5743 Ann Arbor MI 48113 Fax: (734) 995-341 0 Visit us on the Web at: www.PegasiOnline.com Our full-service searchable Web site of ancient and medieval coins, antiquities and books for sale: historical information; historical and numismatic articles: maps: photo archive: and a user forum: View this Catalog and Place Bids Online. February 2010 5 HISTORY AND COINAGE OF THE ARKADIAN LEAGUE OF 370 BCE by Steve M. Benller Introduction T he following is another install . ' ~ ' " men! of my series of articles on A n cient Greek League coinage. As is ob ARKAOIA vious from the ti tle, th is one covers the Arkadian League, which was not one of the morc prominent or powerful Greek leag ues during thi s age of Greek leagues. The Arkadian League wa s a power in the Peioponnesos for only about a decade and then faded into re l at ive obscurity for the remain ing cen tury and a quarter of its existence. It did nol have an admiring Polybius to record it acti vities, as did the Achaian MIRTOAN League, and, as a resu lt . there is not much information ex tan t on t he SEA League's history. Nor was it known for it s coinage, which was not as copi ous as the issues of the Achaian League but was comparable in artistry to those o( the Ae tol ian and Chal k id ian Leagues. As with the hi story, there has been little wriHen on the coin:lge, but Ih is article will try to summllrize some Figllre I-The Pelopollllesos. Map by the aI/thor. of the aspects of the coinage, such as denominations, attributions, and chro Artemis or Hera and, when she was Greek Dark Age. Its ternlin is varied. nology, that arc currently ava ilable. killed, was transformed into the con consisting o(high peaks (Erymanthos, stellation of Ursa Major. Lykaoll hid Khclmos, and Kyllfni), forests, bogs, History Arkas from the wrath of Hera. Arkas and fl ouri shing vegetation. There arc As with modern Arkad ill, uncie nt succeeded to the kingship upon Lyka some plains in the center near the cily Arkadia is located in the central region on's death and was known as the great of Megalopolis, and the Alpheus with of the Peloponnesos (Fig. I) and is est hunter of the country. its tributaries is the main Arkad ian riv named after Arkas, the son of Zeus and Arkadia is a re mote and mountain er. Zeus was believed to have been Ka llisto. In mythology, Kallisto was a ous region of Greece and became a born on Mt. Lykaion, Arkadia's Mt. companion of Artemis and the daugh refu ge for the Mycenaean Greeks Olympus, wh ich became a shrine ded ter of the king of Arkadia, Lykaon. when the Dorilln s spread along the icated to the worship of th is deity. She was turned into a bear by either coasts of th e peninsula during the By the end of the 6th century BCE, Sparta had established its hegemony over the central and southern Pelopon ncsos, including both Messenia and Ark ad ia. During the 5th century, there were Ancient Coins a number of attempts to break the Spar e. • Mail Bid Sales lInll 0/1/ 1111. IIII"f Iltl' (/I tan's hold, such as Mantineia's effort to • Fixed Price Lists \\ \\ \hrOSen hlumcuins.com foster an anti-Spanan policy in 41 8, but • Buy or Bid Sales none we re successful. Arkadia remained " • Numismatic Literature in the Peloponnesian League through + out Sparta's struggle with Athens. Specializing ill moderate priced ludaeall coins There is some disagreement among (serious walll-lists solicited) /_:i'~ .... . histori ans as to whether an Arkadian Confederacy existed in the 5th century WJ1lium M. Rosenblum. LLC ,t' ~ {~~.' or not. The prevaili ng opinion is that it p.o. box 785, littleton, colo. 80160-0765 ::-.~ ~ did nol. Thomas Nielsen in hi s 1996 ar- phone 72(t.981-Q785; 303-911).8245 ' fax 720-981-5345 ' bill @rosenblumcoins.com - ""' .... 6 The Celator The Miinzen und Medaillen Companies 1942·2010 For 68 years our legacy has been to serve the collector of Ancient, Medieval & Modern Coins ... and we would like to serve you too! • Illustrated Fixed Price Lists' • Public Sales' Appraisals' Buying and Selling· • Large Stock in All Price Ranges · ( Please send us your want list. We will fill it! ) Three offices to serve you: Miinzen und Medaillen GmbH - Joachim Stollhoff Postfach 2245 D-79557 Weil , Germany Telephone: (0 11 ) 49 76 2148560 ' Fax: (O il) 49 76 2148529 M&M Numismatics, Ltd. - Lucien Birkler P.O. Box 65908, Washington, D.C. 20035 USA Telephone: (202) 833-3770 ' Fax: (202) 429-5275 ACAMA - Antike Miinzkunst - Dr. Hans Voegtli Malzgasse 25 Postfach CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Telephone: (0 11 ) 4161272 75 44' Fax: (O Il) 41 61272 75 14 February 2010 7 tide stated the case bluntly, ..... there is and, this time, divided the defeated city League. A League.capital was estab no epigraphical or literary ev idence to into five villages under ol igarchic gov li shed at the new city of Megalopolis. establish the ex istence of an Arkadian ernments. But the political situation The river Helisson divided the city Confederacy in Ihe 5th century ... lhe began to change when Epaminondas into a northern and southern part, and coinage is either a Tegean coinage in di s~ became leader of Thebes and the Boeo the League 's counci l hal l, the Ther guise, or in some sense a festival coin tian League. He defeated the invad sHe ion, was located on the south side age."' For the sake of professional self ing Spartan army at Leuctra in 37 1 of the river (see Fig . 2). preservation, the author is nOt willing to BeE. The fol lowing year Mantineia The League was organized along jump into this controversy, and will limit recombined under a democratic lead lines similar to the Greek leagues this article to the coinage minted by the ership and became the major city of founded before and after 370 BCE. League during the 4'" and 3r~ centuries. Arkadia. Soon after this. Lykomedes T he Arkadian League had a sta nding In 385 Be E, Sparta agai n atl3cked of Mantineia assembled most of the army and council headed by an elect Mantineia fo r anti-Spartan ac tiv ities Arkadian c ities into a Koinon or ed strate gas. a democratic constitution though it is not clear the extent of the franchise. and a unified foreign poli cy. The overall vo ting body was made up of the member's representatives and known as the myrioi, which is a term tha t can mean either 10,000 or just a large number. However, the dai ly operations of the League were con ducted by a smal!er group of represen tatives called the bOlde. Federal build ings and military barracks were estab lished at Megalopolis for the League's use. As with most Greek Leagues dur ing thi s period, the member cities were supposed to give up a large part of their autonomy for the col! ective good. Several cities, including Heraea, Tegea, and Orchomenos. refused to join the League, and the last ci ty al li ed with Sparta and fou ght unsuccess Figure 2- RIIiIl.t of ancient Megalopolis (Coogle EMth). fully against the League in 370. Te gea's oligarchic government tried to resist inclusion in the League, but a democratic party with the ai d of Man tincia overthrew them and joined the JOHNJENCEK League. Spana obviously did not ap Ancient Coins & Antiquities prove of this loss of its power and, under Agesilaus II , tried to restore oli garchi c rule in Tegea and other League cities. The League sought help against Sparla from Athens, but Athens viewed the League as a potential ene my and rejected the appeal. The League then turned to Thebes for help, and the brilliant generals, Epaminon das and Pelopidas. responded with two invasions of the Pcloponnesos in 3701 369 BCE. The army was very large by th e standards of the time and. after Argive. Elcun, und Arkadian forces -SPEClAUZE joined the Thebans, could have had upward of 50,000 so ldiers. The Spar tans could not face this large of a force, :tnd th e Theban army ravaged the Peloponnesos with little opposit ion. Messenia was freed. and Spartan pow er was never again 10 reach the heights it had attained prior to its defeat by Thebes at Lellctra. The Spartans managed to strike buck at the League and Argives in the 8 The Gelator ANCIENT & WORLD CO INS Heritage is selected by leading numismatists to sell their important ancients. We deliver advalltages that 110 other firm ron offer, int/uding upcoming Official AuctiQlu at America's major cOllventiolls, like NYINC, CICF, tltld ANA. Your ancient treasures call sell alongside important coins like these. Heritage is currently accepting cotl s/gllm e",s for our upco ming aucliotls. Cle F. Rosemo/lt . April 22-23,2010 . Consign men' dead/hie: February 24, 2010 A NA . Bodon. August 8 ·15, 2010. COll sigmnell! deadline: Jun e 12, 2010 NYINC . Ne w York . January 2-3,2011 • COllsignmeut dear/line: November 6, 2010 Plea se call liS to discuss your Ullique situation and our upcoming (luClioll opportunities: 800-872-6467. Ca ll today! Ext 1661 bt l369 Ext 1257 Dire<: tor of Oin:ctor or Assistant Director of ConSignment Director World Coin Auctions International Sales World Coins JimJ@HA .com [email protected] [email protected] ScottC@l ~I A .com T eef To_.~ """,,01"'" H"" WE"""'R" NlumiAaOOE :::::-- :=:'::;~~' -RI' ''· =_ =:.~~~~ cAuctioJv gal1erie& -- Ammal Sales Exu edmg $600 Mdl,on • 475 ,QQO+ Onlme Reglsttrt d Bldder-Mt mbers 800·872-6467 Ext. 1000· or visit HA.com 3500 Maple Ave nu e, 17th Floor · Oa ll as. Texas 75219-3941 ' ~ 1 4 -5 ~8 - 3 5 00. FAX : 214 · 4 09· 14~ S · e-mail: [email protected] NY<: ."",...,... ,.,..,. " "_'00« 09" _ , """",' ' ''''''' , ...) 11, .. ~ , .., ,. Uo1", ''''''''''' ....,., •• 'on ,nOSIf, M. "'." ." """"11' "" "", ...." 'OC''''"', Inc. 0""'' ...... 0'0"' 'ob." "', .... ~ )o", .""' .. Von 0).0", "";.. g . ","".... ,,~ O""'~" Inc.' CA...... """''''''':'" 0"""00<" "0."" .. """ '00>, '"sn.w.m; 0""" " '''','' "Sn .w."" "'b ... ,,11< " Sf_ .m, '0< ".. ..0\" '004176; ,~, ... H1"90<". " SlIOC" to> IKoO w, lk" , 0S'lOCS' '', " ,,'" '''m", •• , .,oo , ,.~ "'",• •,, ' . " I > February 2010 9 summer of 368 BeE with help from army without a single Spartan casual lopolis. It fought successful battles Di onysius of Syracuse. At Melea, ty. hence the name of 'The Tearless with the Eleans at Lasion and Crom· Archidamos III of Sparta inflicted Battle." But the League recovered and nus in 365 and Olympia in 364 BeE heavy losses on a League and Argive completed its fortifications at Mega- over disputed territory. However, the League was sufferin g from a severe internal conflict between pro- and anti-Theban factions. Rela tions with Thebes soured during the 360s, and, in 366 BCE Thebes tried to set up the Achaians as a counter force to the League but only succeeded in making the break with Thebes wider. The League's seizure of Olympia and its treasury in 364 BCE may have caused further friction within the membership. Lykomedes persuaded part of the League to ally with Athens against Thebes, and by 362, the League's split into two factions was total. When Epaminondas invaded the Peioponnesos in that year, Tegea with other pro-Theban cities such as Pal lant ion, Megalopolis, and Asea, fought with the Thebans while Mantineia al lied with the Spartans and Athenians against them. The Theban coalition won the battle, but Epaminondas was killed. With his death. the Theban hegemony disintegrated, and a gener al peace was negotiated. The Arkadian League continued 10 Figure 3- Arkadian League silver coin denominatium minted at Megalopolis. exist in a divided and weaken state Photos courtesy of eNG, IIlC. whi le the power of Macedon grew and eventually dominated northern and centnd Greece. Due to its opposition to Sparta, Megalopolis remained an ANTIQUA INC. ally of Macedon even when the rest of Arkadia was resisting Macedonian • Speciali zing in ancient art and numi s influence. After the death of Alexander the Great, Macedonian power began matics with an emphasis on quality, to reach into the Peloponnesos, and the rarity, and desirability League was not capable of preventing it s domination by them. The Ae tolian • Over 25 years of professional expertise and Achaian Leagues, both established around 270, took up the job of uphold • Regular and active presence in the ing Greek independence by opposing international marketplace the Macedonians. The Arkadian League was absorbed piecemeal into • Fully illustrated catalogues featuring the Achaian League during the 3'" cen carefully selected material tu ry. In 235 BeE, Lydiadas, the tyrant of Megalopolis, abdi cated after bring • Representation for serious collectors ing his city into the Achaian League, at all major international auction sales and this is as good a date as any to mark the end of the Arkadian League. • Appraisals, market advice, liquidation The Arkadian League was one of advice and professional courtesy to all the less successful efforts toward uni fication, at least on a tribal or provin interes ted parties cial level, which swept Greece during • Visit our web site: Antiquainc.com the centuries before Roman rule. The hatreds that had existed between the A fully illustrated catalogue sent upon request cities for decades were 100 great to al low the cooperation necessary to keep 20969 VENTURA BLVD., SUITE #11 TEL: 818-887·0011 the League viable. In less than ten WOODlAND HILLS, CA 91364 FAX: 818·887·0069 years after its for mation, the League E·Mail: [email protected] 10 The Celator $10.00 for a three-day pass valid Friday through Sunday - 16 and under free with an adult * (Check our website to print a discount admission coupon - ww\\'.n~'inc.info) * America's Most Prestigious NYINC ~WYOR K INTERNATIONAL Ancient & Foreign Coin Show NUMISMATIC CONVENTION The 39th Annual NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONVENTION JANUARY 7-9, 2011 Professional Preview: Thursday, Jan. 6'", 2PM-7PM ($100 reel Public Show Hours: Friday, January 7'": lOAM-7PM th Saturday, January 8 : lOAM-7PM th Sunday, January 9 : lOAM-3PM The Waldorf Astoria Hotel- New York City 301 Park Avenue between East 49'h & 50'h Streets. (212) 355-3000 Call the Wa ldorfA storia Hotel reservations department at 212-355-3000 and a.skfor the special N YINC rate of $279 or $299 depending on (lccomodatiolls selected. Specify rate code ' 'NYZ'' for Ollr "pecial rates. AUCTIONS BY: /' Club Meetings Heritage World Coin Auctions: Sunday & Monday, Jan. 2-3 £, Educational Forums ~~." Giulio Bernardi S.R.LJNumismatik Lanz: Monday, Jan. 3 Seminars / i y~ Freeman & Scar: Tuesday, Jan. 4 .~~ E xhibits mJvr Classical Numismatic Group: Tuesday & Wednesday, Jan. 4-5 ,7 Book Signings Baldwin's/M&M Numismatics/Dmitry Markov: The New York Sale on Wednesday & Thursday, Jan. S-6 Ponterio & Associates-A Division of Bowers & Merena: Friday & Saturday, Jan. 7-8 Gemini Numismatic Auctions VB: Sunday, Jan. 9 Bourse Information: Kevin Foley - Convention Chairman P.O. Box 370650 Milwaukee, WI 53237 (414) 421-3484· Fax (414) 423-0343 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our website, www.nyillc.info,fora complete Schedule of Events, including auction lot viewing, allcrion sessions, educational programs, and more! February 2010 11 was ripped by internal strife and was have fractured as early as 364 BeE af ter the League had been absorbed into never able to regain the potential and ter the seizure of the Olympian trea the Achaian League, strength that it had shown during its sury. As a result, several cities may What is known about Arkadian first years. have minted coins that werc mcant to League coinage is that it began to be be competitive with those minted at minted at Megalopolis soon after the COINAGE Megalopolis. Thus, the distinction be~ city's establishment in 370 BeE. This tween coinage as a local issue and location apparently was to be the offi Weichts and Ch[Qnolo~y those for League use has become cial mint for the League. The coins As I discovered when I began re blurred. The last reason is the fact that were struck on the Aeginetic standard, searching Arkadian League coinage, Megalopolis continued to mint Arka and consisted of three si lver and at this is a difficult subject to study ror dian League-like hemidrachms during least two bronzes denominations. three main reasons. First, almost all the 200 and I " centuries BeE, long af- These are shown in TlIb[e I with their of the literature on the League's coinage was written more than a cen- Table l - Arkadian League Coinage of 4'· tmd 3td Centuries BCE in grams. tury ago and in German (Imhoof and We iJ ) . Denomination Avg. Wt. Aeginetic Std. Attic Std. There was an art icle writ ten by Gerin in 1986, but T etradrachm 17.2 it's in French (it may be Didrachm or Stater 12.0 12.4 8.6 time for me to learn a 6.2 4.3 second and third lan Drachm or Half-S tater guage). However, Den Tetrobol 4. 1 2.9 gate's article and Thomp son's Agrinion Hoard Hemidrachm or Quarter-Stater 2.7 3. 1 2.2 section on Megalopolitan Diobol 2.1 1.4 triobols were very useful 0. 84 1.0 0. 7 in determining chronolo Obol gy. The second reason Hemiobol 0.5 0.36 was that the League was really only unified up un IE Trichalkous 5.0 til the battle of Mantine IE Chalkous 2.3 ia in 362 Be E, and may respective weights along with the Ae ginetic and Attic standards for com parison. Note that the didrachm is fre quently referred to as a stater in the sources. The average weights of the hemidrachms and obols rail between the Aeginctic and Attic Standard. Dcngatc, Thompson, and others have worked out the chronology of the !lars' 12 The Gelator is pleased to present The Zachary 'Beast' Beasley Collection of Roman Camp Gates Sale Schedule Safe 234 - Antioch Mint Sale 236 - Arfes Mint Part 1 Sale 238 - Alexandria, Ticinum & Aquiliea Mints Sale 240 - Siscia, Sirmium & Constantinople Mints Sale 242 - ArIes Mint Part 2 Sale 244 - London, Trier & Lugdunum Mints Sale 246 - Cyzicus Mint Sale 248 - Thessalonica Mint Sale 250 - Aries Mint Part 3 Sale 252 - Nicomedia Mint Safe 254 - Rome Mint February 2010 13 other tri chalkous and chalkous centered in the Lycaean Mountains. (dichalkous?) type was struck late in from MC2alopoljs Almost all of the League 's coin s have this period that had the head of Zeus Figure 3 (on page 10) shows th ree depictions of either one or both of these instead of Pan on the obverse. of these denominations as they were deit ies. The second point is the Ar K T he si lver o bo ls we re slarted minted at Megalopolis. Starting from monogram that is found on the major around 340 BCE and had the Panl the left , the first coin is a beautiful ity of League coins. Figure 4 shows monogram and syrinx types (see Fig. didrach m (stater) that is believed to two vers ions of this monogram wit h 3 on page 10). The first obols had no have been minted in 363 or 362 BCE. the left one being the more common letters or monograms on the re verse, T he lau reate head o f Zcus Lykaios and the right being a variatio n that but they were being added by the 320s facing lert is on the obverse and may seems to incorporate an :::: or E. The have been modeled on Leochares' lettering on the rocks is either 0 /\ YM , Zeus at Olympia. which had recentl y as in Ihis case, or XAPI, and has been been seized by the League . On the re a bone of contention among num isma verse, a naked Pan is shown ho ld ing ti sts. Some say that the letters refer to a lagobolon in hi s right hand and seat engravers or magistrates (Gerin and ed on a pi le of rocks. one of whi ch is Gardner) and others to the Olympiad inscribed with the letters 0/\ YM . He and Charisia Festivals (Head). Th is is is facing forward and slightl y to the one disagreement that will probably righ!. A syrinx is lying at the base of never be resolved . Lastly, the syrinx Figure 4-APK monograms of the Ark the rocks, and the mono adian League. gram for the Arkadia n League made up o f the Greek letters APK is in the whcn the hcmidrachms began 10 bc field to the left of Pan. issued. The hemidrachms wi th th e There are two aspects of head of Zeus on the obverse and Pan note on thi s coin that are seated with an APK monogra m on the indicative of League coi n reversc (Fig. 3) were minted from the age. One is the depiction of 320s un til 275 BCE when all the offi Zcus and Pan. These two cial Arkadi:m League coins were dis gods were closely associat continued. ed with Arkadi a, and their Figure 5-Hemidrachm minted at Megalopolis. En national sanctuaries were la rged photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. or panpipes appears on many different Megalopolitan coins si nce it is th e musical instrument used by Pan. The third coin in Figure 3 (far ri ght) is an obol with the horned head of Pan facing left on the obverse, and the APK cbtcbal monogram on the reverse with a syr inx below and a monogram to thc left. This was struck in the period 330 to 275 BCE. The variations of this de ~tlbtr nomination have different monograms or leiters, such as.6 or M, to the left of the APK monogram. As men tioned above, those without letters were mint4 ed earlier. around 340 BCE. $9 Thc second coin in Figure 3 was skipped because this denomination rc Curious about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient quires a bit more explanation (t hough collection, bu t don' t want to invest much until you know you like probably not as much as the bronze it? Then start small and painless. For every $9 you send, "ll send coins) and is a litt le more controver sial. It is a hemidrachm (triobol) simi you a different medieval coin ...$18 for 2 different, $36 for 4 lar to the didrachm wi th the head of different, $90 for 10 different, etc. With 12 different, get a free Zeus on thc obverse and Pan seated on copy of Walker's Reading Medieval European Coills. Please add a pi le of rocks on the reverse. Aside from the stylistic difference in the pro $3 postage per order. file of Zeus, all the differences are on the reverse: there is no lettering on the agberman @aol.eom rock; the lagobolon is in Pan's left lIen G. Berman" ..... " "', , (845) 434-6090 hand; and Pan's head faces left and not ...... u .s. Qrd 14 The Celator ROMAN lMPIRE. Ludus V~ rus , AD 161-169 r AV AUleoJS (7.29g) IV Victory. s.hleld on palm ., • ex Clapp. ex EliuDerg lilMililllilllllll • • • • • I • or the Ages The clarity and confidence that NGC delivers to the numismatic world has come to Ancients. For more than Iwo decades, NGC's expertise, integrity and innovation ® NGC have transformed rare coin collecting worldwide. The most advanced ANCIENTS collectors choose NGC for our accuracy and acceptance in the marketplace. By anticipating and responding to the needs of collectors, we've grown to become the world's largest coin grading com pany. Now, we're proud to extend our commitment to the world's first coinage. NGC Ancients provides expert grading and attribution for COinage of Western ancient civilizations. Our unique grading system provides an accurate and concise analysis of the quality of each coin, and encapsulation in our EdgeView® holder protects an d presents ancient coins as never before. To discover more, visit www.NGCcoin.com/ancients P.O. Box 4776, Sa rasota, FL 34230 800-NGC-COIN (642-2646) www.NGCcoin.com February 2010 15 in the field left of Pan. In this exam it is replaced with a cloak. Though The confusion with this denomina ple there is a 6. to the right of Pan, but Dengate places the minting of these tion is that Megalopolis continued to it could be an I , M, X, HP, or NQ, coins in the second century BeE, more mint similar hemidrachms aft er the among other variations. Sometimes recent studies place them contempo Arkadian League ceased to exist. From the syrinx on the rocks is missing, or raneously with the obols. 195 to 168 BCE, Megalopolis minted a series of hemidraehms that resem bled those of Arkadian League ex cept that the APK monogram to Pan's left is replaced with an eagle, the symbol for Zeus, and no syrinx or cloak is shown on the rock. An example is shown in Figure 5 (on page 14). These coins also have various letters and monograms on the reverse, such as Kl/A, NA,!l/ A, and sometimes even the APK monogram. According to Thomp son, during the first half of the I" century BeE (Dengate places them earlier from 151 to 146), Megalop o lis minted another series of hemidrachms simi lar to those of the 2"d century, but th is time usually with the letters MEr on the reverse along with the other letters and mono grams. These last two issues should not be considered Arkadian League coinage but only as civic issues since Megalopolis was a member of the Achaian League by 235 BeE. Figure 6- Arkadian League IE coin denominations minted at Megalopolis. Enlarged photos courtesy of LHS Numismatics Ltd. and CNG, Inc. Federal Bronze Issues from Megalopolis There were Ihree common styles of bronze coins produced by the League, Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. and examples are shown in Figure 6. Ancient C oin Specialist The coin on the left has the head of Zeus on the obverse and the AP K Greek, Roman-& monogram and syrinx within an oak wreath on the reverse. It has a weight For all .youf:1211 -- of 5.56 grams and a diameter 0[20 mm and is considered a trichalkous. It was struck only as a lrichalkous and, as mentioned earlier, was struck early in the League's history and for only about a decade (late 360s to 350s). The sec ond (middle) coin was struck as both trichalkoi and chalkoi and is dated be tween 300 and 275 BCE. It has a sim ilar reverse to the abol shown in Fig ure 3, but with the head of Zeus on the obverse instead of Pan. T his trichalkous has a weight of 4.06 grams and a diameter of20 mm. The last coin (on the right) is the most common type of the League's bronzes, and was struck over the longest period of time, from about 330 to 275 BeE. It was also struck as both a trichalkous and chalkous. This particular trichalkons has the same obverse (except Pan's head faces right) and reverse as the P.O. Box 3759, Frederick, MD 21705 obol. Its weight and diameter are 4.0 I grams and 17 mm. As with the obol, Phone: (301)473-8600 · Fax . .> 473-8716 ' E-mail: [email protected] 16 The Celator A~g~IS,1,l!,A ' •.~~ , I BALD WI ;(S I I <&ry·®M Ii~1 ~====~ ~~!!1.=~?=l ;1 ;;'t,;;::"i~:;OO~S11e:~~,,~,~1 C a n; le y\\'h~~~~~, , " O~;(; \ "',\" __1-,._ " .....II _ \ ~ Nil!! I " 1/",/,/11 mon."b. ~ .dL on. ~~f,,~: r~ . " February 2010 17 the variations for the second and third it must have been very interesting for coins are in the letters or monograms vendors to make small change; a on the reverse, with these having an weight scale and the ability to argue M and ,1" respectively, to the left of must have been necessities. the large monogram. Some bronzes have a no or BE next to the APK Coinage of League Members monogram, which may refer to Pos The split in the League that oc sicrates and Theozenos, two of the curred prior to the battle of Mantine League's founders. ia in 362 BCE resulted in a northern Lastly, three other bronze coins faction headed by Mantineia and a may have been issued by the League southern headed by Tegea. Cities in but are very rare, having only one or the northern faction arc thought to two extant examples. T hey are a have included Orchomenos, Kaphyai, trichalkous (2.8 grams) wilh Alhena Stymphalos, Pheneos, and Kleitor, in a Corinthian helmet on the obverse and similarly the southern faction in and the APK monogram within a lau cluded PalJantion, Megalopolis, rel wreath on the reverse: a chalkous Asea, and maybe Heraea. Most of (l .6 grams) with Pan obverse and these cities had active, well-estab syrinx i n wreath reverse: and a Figure 7-AR Didrachms of Stymphalos and lished mints that produced coinage trichalkous (2.3 grams) with a flow Pheneos. Photos courtesy of LHS Numismat that was unprecedented in the er in a vase obverse and monogram ics Ltd. Peloponnesos for its beauty and and syrinx within a wreath reverse. mythological themes, in some cases The trichalkoi match the style of the which would make a trichalkous and violent themes. other League bronzes with the APK tetrachalkous (hemiobol) around 4.5 Achaian League cities produced monogram, but thc chalkous is proba and 6.0 grams, respectively. some civic cOinage, but the bly a local issue and no! federal. The Arkadian League chalkoi are hemidrachm and tetracha!koi were by One bronze Zeus/monogram and about 50% heavier, with an average of far the predominate medium of ex syrinx Iype coin with a weight of 2.8 2.3 grams (range 1.95 to 2.8 grams), change during that League's existence. grams was listed as a dichalkous even giving a t richa!kous of about 6.9 This was not the case for the Arkadian though this is at the high range of the grams. The Achaian League tetra League; the member cities produced League's trichalkoi. This brings up a chalk oi average between 4 and 5 large amounts of civic coinage. As a thorny issue with respect to bronze grams, with a large range of 2 to 7 side note, this further highlights a dif coins: determining the denomination grams, and the Aetolian League ference in the cohesion seen in the of a Greek bronze can be very diffi dichalkous (quarterobol) and tetra Achaian League with that of the Ark cult, ifnot impossible, because of their chalkous average at about 3 and 5 adian League. The point has been large weight ranges, susceptibility to grams, respectively. Using absolutely made that there may have been a com corrosion, and inconsistent diameters. no statistical analysis, this gives a petition between the two factions to A Greek coin listed as an ..4: 17 is weight of between 1.5 and 2.5 grams produce, if not the "official" League bronze and has a diameter of 17 mm for a chalkous, between 2.5 and 4.5 coinage, at least the representative but this does not_say anything about for a dichalkous, between 3 and 7 for coinage. Though this would be a very its denomination. For example, the a trichalkous, and between who knows interesting subject 10 tackle, it is far three coins in Figure 6 (on page 16) and whatever for a tetrachalkous. So beyond the scope of this paper; none arc all trichalkoi but have diameters a coin weighing in at 4 grams could theless it may be useful to look at some of 20, 20, and 17 mm. The League's be a diehalkous, trichalkous, or tetra of the other coins that were minted in trichalkoi have an average weight of chalkous. Obviously, I need to look Arkadia during this period as a com 5 grams and a range of 3.87 to 6.36 into th is in much greater detail in or parison. grams. The chalkoi minted by other der to rid myself of the headache J de Figure 7 shows two of the most fa Greek cities in the y J century have an veloped try ing to make senSe of all mous silver coins minted by Arkadian average weight of about 1.5 grams, this. During this time period in Greece, cities during the League's existence. The coin on the left, the Aeginetic standard didrachm of Stymphalos, is MORTON & EDEN LTD one of the most beautiful and expen in association with Sothebys 45 Maddox Street London \VIS 2PE sive Greek coins on the market. The obverse depicts a laureate head of Ar Auctions, Valuations and Sales of temis, wearing a pearl necklace and pendant earrings, and the reverse Ancient, Islamic and World Coins, shows a nude Herakles, striking left :r..ledals, D ecorations and Banknotes with a club in his right hand and his bow in his left. The city name, LTYM 18 The Celator February 2010 19 labor was the destruction of the man The next coin is another beautiful issue is dated between 360 and 340 eating birds of Stymphalos. and expensive didraehm, th is time BCE, which puts it in the same period Aside from its sheer beauty, the sig from Pheneos. The obverse depicts the as those of Stymphalos. The timing of nificance of this coin was that it was head of Demeter, wearing a grain these coins and the use of Arkas, the issued just after the didrachms of Meg wreath and a pearl necklace and pen mythological founder of Arkadia, may alopolis and concomitant with those of dant earrings similar to those on the have been an attempt by the northern Pheneos (the next coin in Figure 7). The Stymphalos didrachm. The reverse faction 10 supplant the federal coinage minI dale for this coin has usually been depicts Hermes with a caduceus in his from the League's official mint of given as 362 BeE, matching the date for right hand and the infant Arkas in his Megalopolis. In addition, Pheneos is the League didrachms, but has recently left. The name of the city, <1>ENEQN , sued a contemporary series of been moved to 350, which puts it a little is along the bottom, and APKAl: (in dichalkoi that used theAPK monogram later than those of Megalopolis. tiny letters) to the infant's right. This on its reverse (e.g. SNG Cop 274). Figure 8 shows three typical si lver and one unusual bronze civic issues by members of the League durin g th is same period. The first two are similar hemidraehms from the two most antag onistic members of the League, Tegea and Mantineia. The Tegean coin has the he lmeted head of Athena on the obverse, and a nude soldier moving to the right with a dagger in his right hand and a shield with a griffin symbol in side it on his left arm. The city name, TErEATAN, is to his left. This coin was struck between 350 and 330 BCE. The Mantineian hemidrachrn also has Athena on the obverse, but wear ing a Corinthian-style helmet and the word MAN behind the head. On the reverse is the head of Kal1isto, and this Figure 8-Arkadian Coins: Hemidrachms of Tegea. Mantineia. and Kleitor, and a coin was struck between 330 and 320 Dichalkous of Orchomenos. Enlarged photos courtesy of LHS Numismatics Ltd. BCE. One interesting thing to note and CNG, Inc. about these coins is the use of Athena, a deity usually associated with Athens, on the obverses. Athens, along with Sparta, was an ally of Mantineia and an opponent of Tegea at the battle of Mantineia in 362 BCE. The third coin is a hemidrachm fro m Kl eitor, a city located in north ern Arkadia. There is a radiate head of Helios facing forward on the obverse, and on the reverse, a bull bUlling right with a centaur galloping right above. Part of the city name, KAH , is also above the bull. This coin was minted in the period from 300 to 260 BCE. The Helios facing forward type was the same symbol used by Kleitor on their Aehaian League hemidrachms. Medieval. The last coin is a dichalkous of Or French Moderns ehomenos, which was located just north of Mantineia, and it is interest 46, rue Vivienne ing in its depiction of mythology. The 75002 PARI~ obverse shows Artemis kneeling and 33(0)1 42.33.ZS.99 holding a bow with a dog beh ind her, E-mai _fr and on the reverse is Ka!lislO seated left on a rock. She apparently has just been hit in the chest with an arrow, probably from Artemis on the obverse, and is falling backward off the rock, behind which is the infant Arkas, seat ed left. The ethnic EPXOMENInN 20 The Celator February 2010 21 circles clockwise around the edge of to some extent. The League coinage Oxford, 19 11 . the reverse. It was minted early in the struck at Megalopolis was not nearl y LHS Numismatics Ltd., Auctiol! League's history, 370 to 340 BCE. as extensive as that of some of the oth L1iS 96, The BCD Collection, Zurich, This coin is interesting in that it is a er leagues, like the Achaian. This may Switzerland, May 8-9, 2006. depiction of thc founding mythology have been a result of internal confl icts, Nielsen, Thomas H., "Was There of Arkadia, as mentioned above, and or the coinage may simply have been An Arkadian Confederacy in the Fifth is shown as a freeze-frame of action intended as a representative issue and Century B.C.?," More Studies 011 the from the obverse to the reverse, i.e. not as a replaccmcnt for the local coin Ancient Greek Polis, M.H. Hansen & Artemis shooting Kallisto with an ar age. Either way. the member cities K. Raaflaub, Editors, Stuttgart, 1996. row. This seems very unusual, and I continued to m int civic coinage, some Sylloge Nummorum Graccorum, am not aware of any other coin that of which were amazing works of art, The Royal Collection of Coins alld does it. that competed with the official League Medals, Danish National Museum: issues. The official silver coins of the Greece, Sunrise Publications, Inc., Conclusion Lcaguc and those of some of its mem New Jersey, 1982. The Arkadian League cannot be bers are of high artistic quality and a Thompson, Margaret, The Agrinioll considered one of the more success nice addition to any collection, though Hoard, Numismatic Notes and Mono fu l confederations that grew out of the one can expect 10 pay top dollar for graphs No. 159, New York: The Amer political chaos following the end of the the acquisition. ican Numismatic Socicty, 1968. Peloponnesian War. If anything, it was created as a political expediency by Bibliog: raph y About the author- Steve M. Benner Epaminondas of Thebes as a counter Dengate, James A., "The Triobols has a Ph.D. in engineering from the Ohio weight to Sparta after his victory in of Megalopolis," MuseU/II Notes XIII, State University, and has worked for 371 BCE. Cities likc Orchomcnos and New Yo rk: The American Numismat NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Cen Tegea had no desire to join the League, ic Society, 1967, pp. 57-110. ter in Greenbelt, MD for more than two and probably chafed at being in an or Gardner, Percy, Catalogue of decades. He has been an ancient coin ganization that included implacable Greek Coills in the British Museum, collector for over 30 yC Julius Caesar Coin o R. BUS SOP E USN A C H r. Tops Robinson Auction ALBA NY, NY-All but 12 of the 467 NUMISMATISTS AND lots were sold in Frank S. Robinson's 77 '~ auction of ancient and early coin AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870 age, which closed on January 12'~. The top price of $1801 was realized by a Founded as one of the first numismatic auction houses in Germany our firm has Julius Caesar portrait denari us with re been a centre of thc numism~tic trade and for numismatk" studies e\'er since. verse of Venus standing (ASC 38), technically VF or better but flatly struck We offer experience and reliability applied 10 a complete 8et of services from at top of portrait, thus given a net ap estimates and expcrt advice to the acquisition and sale of importClIll single it ems pearance grade of Fine plus. as well as of elllire collections :md the staging of .>C"cwl mayor auctions a ycar. Among Greek coins, a tetradrachm For further inform:nion order our catalogues or visit our web site of Byzantion with a veiled Demeter www.pC\ls.muenzcn.de head in VF with slight porosity brought $670, reduced from a top bid of $1100; also from Byzantion was a Lysimachos tetradrachm in EF at $790 on a $1050 high bid; a VF Athens "owl" tetradrachm of 449-413 Be sold for $526; an EF Baktrian tetradrachm of Eukratides with helmeted bust was a nice buy at $651; and a Parthian facing bust drachm of Phraates III (Sellwood 35.9) in slightly Otl. BUSSO t'E US NACHF. I BORNWIFSENWFG 34 crude F-VF realized $355, reduced \), 60322 FRANKFURT AM 1">1AIN I TEL. +49(69)-9 59 66 20 from a $590 high bid . fAX +49(69) , 555995 I WWW. I'E US-MU ENZEN.OE contill/led 011 page 47... 22 The Celator NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG The auction will take place at the Hotel Baur au Lac in Zurich Auction 54 - March 24, 2010 Part 1 A highly important selection of Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins featuring a magnificent choice of Roman gold coins, the impressive collection of Roman sestertii of Luc Girard and an interesting collection oflate Byzantine coins Part 2 Interesting series of Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins Catalogues are also sent on request, upon payment of an annual subscription of USD 80.00 (Please address catalogue orders to the Zurich address only) NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG Niederdorfstrasse 43 3rd Floor Genavco House PO Box 2655 17 Waterloo Place CH - 8022 ZUrich GB - London SW 1Y 4AR Phone +41 44 261 1703 Phone +44 20 78397270 Fax +41 44 261 5324 Fax +44 20 7925 2174 zuri c [email protected] [email protected] www.arsclassicacoins.com February 2010 23 Coins and the Synoptic Problem ------~~ aIly circles as Q), which he shared wrote fi rst, Manhew used Mark, and by Peter E. Lewis with Luke, as well as u source that was then Luke uscd both Mark and Matthew unique to himself. Luke similarly used (sec Fig. 3 on page 26). In this case, il is Mark and Q, as well as a source unique no longer necessary to postulate Q as a The Synoptic Problem arises from to himself. This is called the Two source. This theory is currently cham the fac t that in the Bible, specifically Source Theory (see Fig. 2 on page 26), pioned by Mark Goodacre,l the New Testament. the gospels of Other explanations have been pro The purpose of the present paper Matthew, Mark and Luke contain posed over the years by some schol is to determine whether a careful study many similar passages with very sim ars, but have not received much sup- of the coins mentioned in the Greek ilar wording. For this reason, they are called the synoptic gospels from the Greek auvo\VlC; mean- Matthew 22: 16b-21 Mark 12:14b-16 Luke: 21b-25 ing "seeing together." The fourth gospel, the gospel of John. arose "Teacher," "Teacher, we know you from different sources and does they said, "we know you are a man of integrity. You not have wording similar to that in are a man of integrity and aren't swayed by men, be the synoptic gospels. If there is lit that you teach the way of cause you pay no atten erary interdependence among the God in accordance with tion to who they are; but "Teach synoptic gospels, then the question the truth. You aren't you teach the way of God er , we know that you swayed by men. because in accordance with the speak and teach what is is who copied from whom? you pay no attention to truth. Is it right to pay right. and that you do not There is little doubt that only who they are. l1Teil us taxes to Caesar or not? show partiality but teach borrowing at the li terary level can then, what is your opin ISShould we payor the way of God in accor explain the marked similarity ion? Is it right to pay taxes shouldn't we?" dance with the truth. 12{s among the passages in the sy nop to Caesar or not?" But Jesus knew their it right for liS to pay taxes tic gospels. Luke, in fact, admits 188ut Jesus, knowing hypocrisy. "Why are you to Caesar or not?" their evil intent, said, trying to trap me?" he z3 He saw through their in the beginning of his gospel "You hypocrites, why are (Luke I : 1-4) that he is aware of asked. "Bring me a denar duplicity and said to you trying to trap me? ius and let me look at it" them, 24"Show me a de other accounts. The gospels were '~S how me the coin used IGThey brought the coin, narius. Whose portrait originally written in Greek, and for paying the tax." They and he asked them, and inscription are on it?" one needs to compare the Greek brought him a denarius, "Whose portrait is this? w'Caesar's," they re texts in order to properly assess 2°and he asked them, And whose inscription?" plied. the degree of similarity. Howev "Whose portrait is this? "Caesar's," they re And whose inscription?" plied. er, if one compares the passage 11"Caesar's." they re about paying taxes to Caesar in plied. an English ve rsion of the Bible (see Fig. 1). the literary interde Figure I-Accounts in Matthew, Mark and Luke. pendence is evident. T he current consensus of scholarly opinion is that Mark wrote porI. An explanation that has recently text of the synoptic gospels might help hi s gospel first, and that Matthew used been growing in support is the Farrer answer the question of who copied Mark and a source (labeled in schol- Theory, according to which Mark from whom. and wheth er the coins might reveal the intended readership of these gospels. The method of the investigation was simple. Using a synopsisl of the Greek text of the gospels, a li st was made of all the coin citations, and the name of each coin was noted. Using the folJow mg premIses, an assessment was made of the likelihood in a particular passage catalogue (III request that one writer copied the coin na-me KIRK DAVIS from another: (I) A writer would usc the names of coins with which his readers Classical Numismatics were familiar: (2) If a writer used a source, there would be a tendency to Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 91711 change the name of a coin to one with Tel: (909) 625-5426 kirk @ancientgrcck.nct 24 The Gelator Order our catalogue Gorny II: Mosch Gorny. Mosch. New York, right now: Giessener Munzhandlung GmbH Hixenbaugh Ancient Art LTD www.gmcoinart.de Maximiliansplau 20 320 East 811t Street, 80333 Munchen USA·New York, NY 10028 Consignments are Tel. +49(89)24228430 Tel. + 1·212-861·97 43/1-646-326-0820 always welcome I Fax +49(89)22868 13 Fa x +1 ·212·327·0870 [email protected] info@hixenbaugh,net February 2010 25 which his readers were familiar. For tah, shekel) were used for th e coins drachm-I, didrachm- l, stater-I, example, the writers of all the English that circulated in the Jewish areas of quadrans- 2, as or assarion- 2, and de versions of the Bible have changed Judaea and Galilee. Latin names (as, narius- 9. Examples of these coins (not 'assarion' to 'penny' in Matthew denarius) were used for the coins that necessarily the actual types) are shown 10:29, "Arc not two sparrows sold for circulated in other parts of the Roman in Figures 4 (on p. 28), 5 (on p. 30) a penny?" (3) In the first half of the Empire, except Egypt, which was a and 6 (on p. 32). General terms for first century CE Greek names (lepton, closed currency area whe re the coin money and the names of weights (tal drachm, didrachm, and stater) were names seem to have been Greek; (4) ent, mi na) were not included in the sur used for the coins that circulated in the The quadrans' circulated only in Rome vey. In the Greek tex t, the names, Greek-speaking areas of Greece, Asia and in central and southern Italy; (5) Koopav"!'l'; (Latin: quadrans) and 01) Minor and Syria.) Jewish names (pru- At !east until Ihe First Jewish Revolt vaptOv (Latin: denarius) are, of course, (66-70 eEl, no Roman coins TWO-SOURCE THEORY circulated in the FARRER THEORY region of Jerus alem;5 and (6) Q The gospel of MARK Text common 10 MI & Lk. Mark was writ MARK . M but not in Mk. ten before or TEXT ONLY IN during the First Jewish Revolt. ~ ;TTHEW M L There were Text onty in Mt Text on ly in lk 19 citations of L specific coins TEXT ONLY MATTHEW IN LUKE in the synoptic gospels, not counting repeat mention of the coin in the same MATTHEW LUKE passage. These consisted of LUKE Figure 2- Two-Source Theory. Diagram by the author. lepton - 3 , Figure 3-Farrer Theory. Diagram by the author. ,------~ simply transli terations of Latin names into Greek. Coin names occur elsewhere A5TmR T E in the New Testament only in John 6:7, John 12:5 and Revelation 6:6. COI NS & FI NE ART Thirteen of the 19 coins mentioned in the synoptic gospels were Roman coins, which apparently did not circu late in 1udaea and Galilee until at least after the First Jewish Revolt. (The coins issued from Jerusalem and Tibe ~ rias, the capital of Galilee, did not Ancient Coins - Modern Coins transgress the Jewish Law by show ing the human face.) Therefore, as all Historical medals the events related in the gospels hap pened before or in 30 CE, which is the date generally accepted for Jesus' cru cifixion, the writers of the synoptic gospels have: (a) changed the name of the coin , as in Mark 12: 15 , "Bring me a denarius;" or (b) used the names of the coins in an explanatory way, as in Mark 6:37, "eight months of a man's wages," literally "two hundred de narii;" or (c) used the names of the coins in an idiomatic way, as in Mat thew 5:26, "until you have paid the last penny," literally "the last'quadrans." Before dealing with each coin ci tation, it is worthwhile considering the account where Jesus tells the disciples 26 The Celator C. HIRSCH OF MUNICH ANNOUNCES .t,~ 1712: Cycl 1568: Abdera . 1595: Bisallai. Earl y 5th 520115-492 Be. A R OCIQdrachm. Century Be. A R OClodrachm. 1896: Roman Empire. 1975: Roman Empire. Augustus. Domitian. AR Denarius. 27 Be. AV Aurcus. 8 1 AD. AUCTION Nos. 265/266 th February 9 _13 th, 2010 Calaioglle(1alUi so{(l by . Ir------, !\'Iii nzenhalldlung I I Gerhard Hi rsch Nachf. I Gerhard Hirsch NachfoJger Promenadeplatz 10, 0 -80333 Miinchen, Germany Promenadcplatz J 0 I Eoclosed pleak firld $30.00 for your I 0 -80333 Milnchen, Gcnmmy I Auction Sale Catalogue and Prices Realiud (after sale). I Tel: +49 (089) 29 2 1 50 I Name I F", +49 (089) 2283675 I St reet I E-mail: coinhi [email protected] Internet: www.coinhirsch. dc I ~ - - I ~------~ February 2010 27 what not to carry in their belts, because quarter of an as. Next was the semis, man audience and most likely one it gives an overview of thc coinagc worth half an as. Then there was the drawn from the poorer classes. The situation in the first century CEo Thc as and the dupondius, which was worth poorer classes in Judaea and Galilee paraliel passages a rc Mark 6:7- I 3, two asses. Finally, there was the larg would also have been dealing mostly in Manhew 10:5-15 and Luke 9:1-6. In est coin, the sestertius, worth four ass copper coinage, and the equivalent Ara Mark 6:8, "no money in your belt,'· the es and equal to a quarter of a silver maic word for copper could well have word for money is the Greek word for denarius. A soldier's pay was 200 de becn the one actually spoken by Jesus. copper, XCl.AKOS, chalkos. In J udaea, narii a year. 6 The next denomination In Luke 9:3, the phrase is "no mon small copper coins called prutahs (He after the denarius was the gold aureus, ey:' and the writer has chosen to use brew: prutot) circulated. The Roman which equaled 25 denarii. Such a wide the usual Greck word for money, ap governors issued them in large num range of copper coinage indicates that yupwv, argurion, which is literally bers. In Rome, there was a variety of it was useful for most simple transac 'silver.' This is consistent with the copper or copper alloy (Latin: aes) tions such as buying a loaf of bread. author writing for a Greek-speaking coinage available. The smallest de The writer's use of 'copper' would be audience. It suggests that his audience nomination was the quadrans, worth a consistcn\ with him writing for a Ro- might have been more prosperous than Mark's. It would be expected that Luke, who "Was probably a physician, Citations of Specific Coin in the Synoptic Gospels would associate with the wealthier - Total of 19 citations (not counting repeat members of society, and he wrote his mention of the coin in the same passage) gospel for Theophilus, an important person with a Greek name (Luke 1:4). In Matthew 10:9, the sentence is "Do not take al ong any gold or silver or cop MARK 3 per in your belts." The writer has includ MATTHEW 3 ed all forms of coinage, notably with the LUKE 3 addition of gold. Roman gold aurei prob ably circulated throughout the Roman Empire, and apparently the writer felt AR Denarius (Ollv(tPlOV) of that his audience would be interested in Tiberius seeing gold in the list. This suggests that his audience was wealthy. The Christian community in Antioch included a MARK 1 wealthy component because they were LUKE 2 able 10 send help to the Christians in Jerusalem during the famine (Acts 11:27-30), and they could afford to fi JE Lepton (AeR"!OV) of nance the missions of Paul and Barna Alexander Jannaeus bas (Acts 13:1-3). So the mention of gold would be consistent with the writ er being in Antioch, which is where MARK 1 many scholars have placed him. MATTHEW 1 Coin Citations in Mark and Pa rallels AA Quadrans (KoopaV1f\<;) of Claudius Mark 6:37 "That would be eight months of a man's wages."7 Figure 4- Citations of Specific Coins-Part 1. (Number for each Gospel given This sentence occurs in the story of to right). the feeding of the multitude, and al though Matthew and Luke have the same story, they make no mention of the THE PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATISTS GUILD, INC. cost. Literally, the Greek phrase is "two hundred denarii." If it was in lheirsource Om 50 YEARS of material, it is unlikely that Matthew and KNOWLEDGE, INTEGRITY & RESPONSIBILIT Y Luke would have omitted it because it Founded in 1955, the PNG is a non-profit organizatio/l, comprised is an important piece of information, of the top rare coin and paper money experts froll! all around the world, However, John also has "'two hundred denarii" in his version of the story (John For more information on the PNG, please conlacl: 6:7), and although many scholars con sider that John's gospel was written Robert Brueggeman. Executive Director much later than the synoptic gospcls,8 it 3950 Concordia Lane, Fallbrook, CA 92028 is possible that a later ed itor of Mark Tel. (760) 728- I 300 Fax (760) 728-8507 who knew John's gospel inserted this piece of information into Mark's text. ~ ... r """",.~ www.f)nedealers.com ell/ail: in{o@{Jngdealers,com 28 The Gelator I~KDNKER Coin and Gold Trading Auction H Ollsc for Coins and Me-daIs Catalogue 165: Coins and Medals from Medieval to Modern Times in cluding the Collection W. R. Fass bender - Baptism Coms and Medals (2.500 Lots) Catalogue 166: Gold Coins (1,600 Lots) • German Coins since 1871 (700 Lo,,) Catalogue 167: Russian COins and M cd~ l s (700 Lots) Catalogue 168: Coins from the An cient World (1,000 Lots) Interested in receiving our Auction Catalogues? Simply contact us! Con, +49 54! 96 20 20 Email: [email protected] Visit us online: www.kuenker.com Profit from our Experience - consign your Coins and Medals! More than 10,000 clients worldwide place their trust in us. Our company's first auction was held in I985, and we can look back on a positi\'e track re cord of over 160 auctions since that time. Four times a year, [he Kunker auction gallery becomes a major ren dezvous for numIsmatic afi cionados. T his is where several thousand bidders regularly participate in our auctions. Fril'z Rudolf Kunkn GmbH & Co. KG Gu!cnbergstrasse 23 · 49076 Osnab ruck Germany' www. ku cnkcr. com Osnabruck . Berlin· Munich· Zurich Mark 12 : 15 "Bring me a denarius." These citations are from th e story p. 34). Here the three writers are unan Matthew 22: 19 "They brought him about paying taxes to the Romans. imous in using 'denarius', oT\vaptov. a dcnarius." Jesus asks for a dcnarius and says, Therefore, it is not possible 10 specu Luke 20:24 "Show me a denarius." "Give to Caesar what is Caesar's an d latc from the coin name who wrote to God whal is God's" (see Fig. 7 on first. The interesting point here is that the coin that was shown to Jes us was most likely not a denarius. It was prob Citations of Specific Coins in the Synoptic ably a tetradrachm of Antioch,9 which circulated in Syria at this time. Gospels-Continued Mark 12:42 "two very small cop per coins, worth only a fraction of a penny." Luke 21 :2 "two very small copper MATTHEW coins." LUKE These citations are from the story of the poor widow who gave all she had to the temple treasury (see Fig. 8 on p. 35). The word used for "very small copper coins" by both writers is tE As (acrcraptov) of 'lepta.' The singular is 'lepton,' AElt- Tiberius 10V. which is the neuter form of a Greek adjective mean ing 'small,' A£1t~ 10S. Mark has added the explanation that two lepta are worth a quadrans. LUKE 1 This indicates that Mark was writing for a Roman audience who might not have understood what a lepton was, AR Drachm (opaXIlIl) of the because he related it 10 the quadrans Parthian King Artabanos II that circulated only in1taly. Lukc gives no explanation of the Greek word, which suggests that he was writing fo r Figure 5-Citations of Specific Coins-Part 2. a Greek-speaking audience. It is pos sible that the term 'lepton' was used in Judaea for the name of a small coin, in which case the original account, written or oral , might have included Ihis word. Apparently, both Luke and Mark had access to this source, but Mark added the explanation for his Roman rcaders. www.dnw.co.uk Mark 14:5 "more than a year's CELTIC COINS, London, 17 March wages" Matthew 26:9 "at a high price" ANCIENT COINS, London, 14 April In the Greek text, Mark has "three hundred denarii" for th e cost of the oi ntment used to anoint Jesus. Mat Dix Noonan Webb are the only auctioneers in the thew simply has 'for much,' ltOAAOU. UK staging specialist auctions of ancient coins. We If the precise amount of money was in the origi nal tcxt of Mark, it is diffi are currently accepting material for our next cult to understand why Matthew would auction. If you're thinking of selling, whether it be have omitted it. However, the words, your collection or some duplicates, please contact "three hundred denarii," occur in John's gospel in his vcrsion of the sto our consultant Italo Vecchi today on ry. So again, wc arc faced with the 44 20 7016 1822, or at [email protected] possibility that a later editor of Mark, who knew John's gospel, inserted the DIX NOONAN WEBB words into the text of Mark's gospcl. 10 S lI mm ary for Mark: 16 Bolton Street Piccadilly London W1J SBQ England Denari us- 3. quadrans-l, lepton- I. Telephone 44 20 7016 '700 Fax 442070161799 Mark uses only Roman coins except in th e story of the poor widow where E-mail [email protected] 30 The Gelator LHS Num ismatics Ltd In Gmtn 20 True Values of History 800 l Zurich, Swittcrland • Auctions in Switzerland Phone +41 442174242 Fax +4144217424} • Purchases and Sales info@LH S-numism",ik.mm • Expenises and Valuations www.LHS-nurnismatik.com • The Development and Care of Collections Postal address: LHS Numismatics Ltd • Financial Services P.O. Box A,. • Numismatic Reference Library CH -8022 Zurich 'V' • Special Areas: t""' ..... ·_, Coins of the Ancient Classical World \ .. .../. Medieval and Modern Coins LHS Numismatics Coming s()()n ... www.freemanandsear.com FillED PRICE Unsurpassed expertise and experience in the field of classical coins. We offer. .. LIST 15 .. A large inventory of quality Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Biblical coins WhIter-Spring 2010 in all price ranges. Featuring the finest ~ A.mong the finest Fixed Price Lists and Mail Bid Sales in the field, available in Greek, Roman and in print and downloadable form. Byzantine coinage I> Personalized service in starting, building and liquidating collections. I> Auction representation and consultation at all major sales the world over. Freeman & Sear I P.o. Box 64 1352 I Los ·Angeles, California 90064-6352 TEl: 3101'50·9755 FA'" 310/450-8865 email : [email protected] February 2010 31 he uses the Greek coin name 'lepton,' a Roman audience. Also the coin cita Coin Citations Common to but he immediately relates it to the tions in di cate that there might have Matthew and Luke (Q) quadrans, which circulated only in It been a later editor of Mark's gospel aly. Therefore, Mark was writing for who knew l ohn's gospel. Matthew 5:26 "the last penny" Luke 12:59 "the last penny" This idiomatic phrase is not tn Citations of Specific Coins in the Synoptic Mark's gospel, and therefore comes from the source labeled 'Q' by some Gospels-Continued scholars. Matthew has 'quadrans,' ICO opavTIlS, but Luke has 'lepton: A.E1t 'tOY . Matthew might have changed 'lepton' to 'quadran s' for his Roman MATTHEW 1 audience or Luke might have changed 'quadrans' to 'lepton' for his Greek speaking audience. A third possibility is that 'lepton' was in the original source and Luke left it un changed. AR Didrachm (OtOpantov) Another coin, pcrhaps a prutah, might of Tyre have been in the original source and both writers changed the name for their ow n purposes. It is difficult to decide what is most likely, but if Luke knew Mark's gospel, tbere would have MATTH EW been a tendency for him to change the restrictive 'quadrans' to a term that was understood more widely by a Greek-speaking audience. AR Stater (O"wTIlP) (Tetradrachm or Shekel) of Tyre Matthew 10;29 "Are not two spar rows sold for a penny?" Figure 6-Gitations of Specific Goins- Part 3. Luke 12:6 "Arc not five sparrows sold for two pennies?" In th is passage, Matthew and Luke both have 'assarion' , assarion. This is generally taken to be the Roman coin ANCIENT COINS ONLINE called an as . It is possible that the as circulaled in Greece in view of its www.vcoins.com/ancientiwaynephillips proximity to Ital y, in wh ich case Luke chose not to change the name because his readers would have understood it. The important question here is which sentence is the original? One of the principles of textual cri ticism is that the simplest vcrsion is li kely to be the original, because there was always a ten dency for scribes to embellish the text. On the other hand, it could be argued that Luke's sentence is rather awkward and the tendency wou ld be to simplify it. However. the point of the valuation of the birds is to empha size how insignificant they arc in hu man estimation, and because the birds arc cheaper in Lu ke's version, he has WAYNE C. PHILLIPS strengthened this emphasis and there fore his version is likely to be second P.o. Box 4096 ary. In other words, instead of just copying the text from his source he has Diamond Bar, CA 91765·0096 changed it in such a way as to increase the sense of the passage. Thus, al ANA Life Member ANS Since 1963 though it is by no means certain, it Phone (909) 629-0757 email: [email protected] seems more likely th at Luke copied from Matthew than vice versa. "Serving The Collector Since 1959" 32 The Gelator MA-AUCTION.com The big online auction market • Ancient Coins 200,000 coins, medals, banknotes and accessories • Medieval • The Holy Roman Empire • German Coins • Medals, marks and jetons • Error Coins • Empire Germany Coins • Colonies • Weimar Republic, 3. Reich • Allied occupation • BRD I DDR • World Coins and Euro auctions starting at 1,- € • Gold . . . and much more. www.ma-auction.colitl February 2010 33 Coin Citations sage about two men owing money to BLOCKBUSTER Only in Matthew a moneylender. The word used is 'de INVENTORY narius.' The tendency would have been Matthew 17:24-27 "collectors of for Luke to change 'denarius' to REDUCTION SALE the two-drachma tax .thc temple 'drachm,' but he has not done so. This Take 50% off the books listed below tax ... . a four-drachma coin" suggests that 'denarius' was in the spe (except as noted), Will not be The story about Jesus and Matthew cial source that Luke used, and that repeated for at least one year - paying the temple tax with a coin Ihis source was written for a Roman For orders received by found in a fi sh's mouth occurs only in audi ence, December 1St", 2009 Matthew. In the above abridgement, t"A.! ! S!'tT I UIi th ree coins are mentioned in the Greek Luke 10:35 "two silver coins" a.beton. us Ori~;"" d< la 1010''"'';'' ~ Alh,"" $J(I .OO 1I,ld",;". A., Facing /I<"d, On ,Inc",m Coins S $10,00 tex t: a didrachm, a didrachm, and a This citation comes from the para B.log. Um'yy.J, Abb"iJ ,nJ T"luo;,I. GI"" lO;,igh", 4, stater. These coin names are probably ble of the Good Samaritan . The word V,"'/ S"""P' (OOP) SM .OO aelhng"'_ A_R .. Tmy. In. Coin< $35.00 accurate, which suggests that the writ used is 'denarius .' As in the previous BcliingcrIBcrliocol< n. Wcw,)' OS" CQin TW"" $1 HI() er had first hand knowledge of the sit citation, the source must have been Bieber. AI<~" " J" ,he e'N' in (;"'''' ,,"J ROm"" Mr $30,00 uation. rfMatthew had been a tax col written for a Roman audience, and lIompoi• . .1I0"""; " d, KQino" Mak List of 500 title, ...i l.ble. SASE in U.S, Ono Looni. r", didrachm- l, stater- I. Matthew men 'drachm' was in Lu ke's special sou rce C. na February 2010 35 study might st imulate in terest in the able that the original gospd would Numismatic Literature fascinating subj ect of biblical numis have ended with the sentence, "They For Sale matics. said nothing to anyone because they were afraid." Similarly, it is inconceiv Endnotes able that the original gospel began "1nmooII. Sox., ... "" IIh COLOSSEUM COIN EXCHANGE Showfl are a/ew o/the lOTs offered ill Mail Bid Sale #9frolll fhe personal collection ofI ra E. 'IeilellxllllII (lite fortner own P.O. Box 21 er ofCCt: IIIC.), closing 011 Tiwsday, Feb. 23m, 2010 at 2PM. Haz let, NJ 07330 '10 view, please visit www.colocoinex.com after Feb. t:)Ih. (732) 264-1161 Fax (732) 264-6467 February 2010 37 jabaU-clava series is sometimes attrib Pefianor was an important source of produced by the Celtiberians of central uted to Celti, but Villaronga rejects metal orcs. To the right of the miner is and nOltheast Spain, but there were Celts this. However, there are three types of what's descri bed as an altar with a strigil outside Celtiberia, too. Galicia seems to lead tesserae or plomos monetlformes, and unguenturium on top, perhaps indi have been firmly Celtic, and classical all either unique or extremely rare: one cating that it functioncd as a bath token." authors describe the in habitants of with a similar design to our coin, an ''The ethnonym Celtitanus turns up southern Portugal and southwest Spain other with a monogram CELTITAN on again in Latin inscriptions from the re as Keltoi or KeltikoilCeltici. A neat way one side and a boar on the other, and a gion, and the town Celti is mentioned in to map the presence of Celts in Spain is various ancient sources (Pliny's Natural His/O/y, the Antonine Itin erary and the Ravenna Cosmog raphy, which calls it Celtum). The place-name has been taken to in di<.:ate the presence of Celts since 1673 , and although some people remain unconvinccd, the theory has been defended in the literature right up to the present day (most famously by Antonio To var, e.g. 1962:360). This would apparent- Figure 3-Lead tessera of Celti, 20-26mm. Figure 2-Lead tessera of Gelti, 4Smm. Boar ly make our CELTITAN bronze Naked miner walking r., shovel on shoulder, r., mallet above, pellet triad below, knife the only known attestation of the strigil and unguentarium in front / GELTE, before, vegetal border / GELT/TAN mono ethnonym 'Celt' in a coin legend: garland above, weight or ingot be/ow. Ex gram, mal/et (or T) above, club (or I) below, in other words, the only Celtic coin tremely rare. pellet border. Unique? that says it is." "Is this plausible? Well, there third, smaller type bearing the legend certainly wcre Cells in Spain. In fact. to plolthe place-names ending in - briga CELTE with a garland above and a metal the vast majority of Celtic place-names (the Celtic for "hill, hill fort"), which weight or ingot be low, and a reverse and IOwn-cthnonyms on coins come not gives a line that curves across Spain di apparently depicting a miner carrying a from Britain or Gaul but from Spain. as agonally. Our town of Celti is on the shovel. Lead tesserae have often been docs the longest ancient Celtic text in non-Celtic side, but only just; further linked to mining, and the region around existence (Botorrita Ill). Thesc were more, it's near two sites with the well known Celtic names Segida/Segeida and Segovia. Consequently, John Koch 's Atlas for Celtic Studies (2007), which includes all apparently Celtic names and www . .:J)ea(moneta.com not just those in endi ng -briga, places Celti on the Celtic side of the dividing line. The next question is whether Span ish Celtic-speakers actually identified themselves as Celts. This is much more controversial: it's often said that the tenn keltoi was originally restricted to Gau l, and was only applied to other Celtic speaking populations secondarily, by the Greek and Rom ans. However, Unter mann (200 I) argues that keltikoi, at least, really was a genuine self-designation of the Spanish Celts." Commenting on the archaeological history of Celti, based chiefly on the survey and excavations of 1987-1992, archaeologist Simon Keay of the Un i versi ty of Southampton says: "If one accepts that the Pefiaflor sitc is to be identified with Ce lti, the etymology of the name, Celti, could be taken to sug gest that there was some connection be tween the site and the settlements in northern Spain, where Celtic toponyms, anthroponyms and aspects of 'Celtic' material culture were widespread. Ho w ever, there was absolutely no evidence Greek, Roman, Medieval and Italian coins. Papal Medals. Num ismatic Books. for the latter and, consequently, there would be little justification for suggest ing that Celti was founded by 'Celtic' 38 The Gelator populations moving southwards. In metal detec stead, the material culture of protohis torists in the toric Celti seems to have been entirely immediate vi regiol/al [my italics] in character." (S. cinity of the Keay, J. Creighton, 1. R. Rodriguez, site of ancient Celti Pefiaj1or: the archaeology of a Celti (E. L. Hispano-Romall tOWII in Baetica, Ox Hoy u elos, bow 2000. p. 197). "Actividades So how did Celti acquire what seems arqueol6gieas REGION Wt TH MANY to be a Celtic name? And when? Lin en Ie bien de CE LTIC NAMES guist Prof. John Koch believes that Celt interes cultur ic could have been spoken in southern al 'Ciudad Iberia as carly as the Bronze Age and Romana de may even have developed there (see J. Celti' , Pena Koch, "Mapping Celticity," in C. Oos flor. Sevilla," den, H. Hamerow, P. deJersey, G. Lock Anuario Ar" • Celli (eds.), Communities and Connections, queologico de Oxford 2007, pp. 263-386; also Chris Andalllcfa Rudd List 100, 2008, 5). Personally, I 1987/ll/. Ac have no doubt whatsoever that Celti was tividades de founded by Celts in the Bronze Age, Urgencia, Figure 4-Spain and Portugal were more Celtic than most coin which is how the town got its name, and Seville, 1991, collectors and dealers imagine. To the west of Celtiberia many which is why the above coin, though p. 530). Celtic place-names ending in -briga are found, also Celtic tribal inscribed in Latin, bears the legend T he cor and personal names, plus Celtic forts and artifacts. Most of east CELTITAN. Can we be sure that this rect identifica ern Spain was occupied by non-Celtic Iberian peoples. coin was minted at Celti and that Celti tion of ancient was at Penaflor? Yes, we can. Though Celti with there were two tribes in Iberia called modern Penaflor was first made by Ma l ~ tile found at Palma del Rio (J . A. Ccun Celtici, there was only one town record donado de Saavedra in 1673, and has Bermudez, SUlllario de las al/tigiiedades ed as Celti, and finds of this coin have been con fi rmed by numerous inscrip mmal/as que hay en Espana, ell espe usually been from around Peilaflor, and tions found at or near Peiiaflor. For ex cial/as pertellec:ientes a las Bellas Artes, a few examples have been unearthed by ample, POP. CELT! was inscribed on a .. February 2010 39 Madrid, 1832,275): and the names Celt itana and Ce1titanus occur on stone in scriptions found at Peiiatlor (elL II 2332, 2326). That bronze coins inscribed CELTI TAN were minled al or near Pefiatlor was menlioned by A. Delgado, Nuevo metodo de cla.uifcacio de Ius medallas autrJnomas de Espana, 3 Vols. Seville, 1871-76. and has subsequently been confirmed by all modern Iberian numis matists induding A . Vives, La MOlleda hispanica. 4 Vols., Madrid, 1924-26; A. M. de Guadan, NUlI1ismtiticu iherica e ihelV-romano, Madrid. 1969; L. Vi l laronga, Numismalica antiguu de His pallia, Barcelona, 1979, and Corpus Figure 6-The site of ancient Celti, with modern Penaflor in the fore nllmmorum Hispaniae ante August; ground and the Guadalquivir behind. aetatem, Barcelona, 1994; X. & F. Cal ico, Catdlogo de Monedas Antiguas de Hispania, Barcelona, 1979; and F. A. one. Though almost certainly minted in inscription, this coin overtly reveals Burgos, La Moneda Hispanica. Madrid, after the creation of the Roman provin the distant ancestral Celtic origins of the 1987, 2008. cia of Hispania Ulterior in 197 BC town that produced it. Simon Keay If ever an ancient coin could he de (Livy 32.27.6) and though it shows the states: ''These coins must be indicati ve scribed as "Celtic," it must surely be this influence of Rome, especially in its Lat- of a resJXlnse to the presence of Rome, both in the sense that they played some limited role in the financial reorganiza tion of the region by Rome and in that they reflect a choice by the inhabitants to cxpress their identity in Latin" (Celti PefiafiOl; 2000, p. 199). The importance of the bronze w' from Celti is further en hanced by its greaLscarcity. Jesus Vico of Madrid tclls mc that he has had only six specimens in the last forty years. I thank John Creighton, Simon Keay, John Koch, Oliver Simkin and Jesus Vico for their expert help with this report. Photo Credits 1 Elizabeth Cottam. 2, 3 Rafael Ro driguez Hernandez, in A. Casariego, O. Cores, F. Pli ego, Catalago de plo mos 1Il0nelijormes de la Hispania An tigua, Mad ri d, 1987.4 Chris Rudd. 5, Figure 5-The town walls of Gelti were first built ca. late JIll/early fill century BG, 6 Simon Kcay, in S. Keay, J. Creight perhaps by indigenous Gelts (not Gelliberian migrants), which is probably how on, J. R. Rodriguez, Ceiti Pefiajlor, Celli got its Geltic name. Oxbow, 2000. You can now read COIN NEWS, the UK's biggest selling coin magazine for less than $2 a month! For just * $16 per year we w ill send you an on line version via an e-mail link every month direct to your inbox, fully searchable with e-mail and web addresses hot linked. 40 The Gelator The "Alliance" Deniers of Duke Richard I of Normandy ------with a deposit by Alan S. DeShazo date in the 980s if they were In my article in the November 2009 struck in or Cefato,- ("Deniers of Rouen of Duke about 965 or Richard I and King Lothaire," p. 32), even earlier for I gave some evidence that the deniers the sham alli of Rauen attributed to archbishop Hu ance. However, gues were really struck as ajoint coin if the hoard can age of Duke Richard J of Normandy be considered a and Kin g Lothaire. Since writing that savings hoard, article, morc information has become then the alli avai lable to me. William Hyder very ance coins kindly scanned a good number of pag could have been A denier from Rauen, an "alliance" issue of Duke Richard I and es from the report on the Fecamp hoard accumu l ated King Lothaire (954-986), 1.09 grams. Duplessy 18; Depeyrot 883. for me. Also, a tran slation of Gesta earlier and then Photo courtesy of the author. NormQnnorum by Dudo was discovered later included as online. Dudo was an importalll cleric at a separate par- the monastery of St. Quentin in Nor ce!. Regardless, the coins cannot have mandy, a fervent admirer of Duke Ri been struck earlier than 954, the year that Biblioeraphy chard I, and a close associate of his suc Lothaire became king, yet their rather Dumas, F., Le t/"isor de Fecamp et cessor and son, Duke Richard II. low weight standard of about 1.1 2 grams Ie monnayage en Francie occidentale Dudo recorded (wo instances of al~ is another faclOr that needs to be con pendant/a secol/de moirie du Xe si. liances proposed to Duke Richard I by sidered. I hope to obtain an original copy Dudo of St. Quentin, Gesta Norm King Lothaire. The first of these was of the hoard report to see if further ad annorum, Felice Lifshitz Irans .. ORB a ruse to get the duke into the king's justments need to be made to the present Medieval Studies. grasp for imprisonment or worse. conclusions. Duke Richard, with the help of some of his retainers, discovered the plot against him and escaped with his life. THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY The second proposed alliance proved to be sincere and culminated in the Founded in 1879 treaty of Gisors in the year 965. Un At the forefront of scientific and historicat research for over one hundred years, the Swiss fortunately, the events recorded by Numismatic Society has established a worldw ide reputation by its work with leading scholars, collectors and dealers diffused through its well known Revue and Gazeffejournals Dudo are not dated, and we are left not with articles in fou r languages, together with num erous monographs and special publica knowing which proposed all iance is tions in such series as Typos and the Catalogues of Swiss Coins. commemorated by the Rouen deniers. The Society itself owes its inception in 1879 to the pioneering spirit of Dr. Charles Fram;:ois The coins clearly indicate that Trachsel, its founder and first president, butthe Swiss numismatic tradition goes back to the Duke Richard authorized them, as it earliest days of coin collecting in the late 15" century when connoisseurs like the Amerbach is his name that is prominently dis family of Basel, inspired by Renaissance humanists such as Erasmus of Rotterdam then residi ng in the city, established important cabinets. played on what must be the obverse. The Society continued from the old century under the guidance of Eugene Demole and Paul King Lothairc is relcgatcd to the re Stroehlin, while the new was presided over by eminent scholars such as Dietrich Schwarz verse side, being represented by his and Colin Mart in. insignia only and not with his name The Swiss Numismatic Society remains today at the service of the international numismatic clearly stated. T he coins themselves community, dedicated as it is to the furtherance of the knowledge of those small but are from somewhat crudely made dies, invaluable witnesses of art and history, the coins of Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Orient, the middle ages, the modern period and Switzerland itself. with difficult to read letters, and ap By joining th is leading society, yo u wi ll be able to participate directly in numismatic research pear to be somewhat hasti ly struck. It and moreover be eligible to receive the annual Revue and the quarterly Gazette, as well as may be that Richard rushed their pro members' discounts on most special publications. duction in an early response to the false Applications for membership in the Society are welcome from all with an interest in ancient all iance proposal before the ruse was and modern numismatics. discovered. In comparison, his usual The membership fee is Sfr 130 per year (including postage) and Sfr 2500 for life membership, coins tend to be fairly neatly struck. or a sponsoring membership from Sfr 250 per year. Please make checks payable to the The Fecamp hoard, in which these Swiss Numismatic Society. Please visit our website at: www.numisuisse.org. coins figure so prominently, has been estimated to have been laid to earth as SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY late as the mid 980s. The alliance coins clo Secretary: Pierre-A. Zanchi, Chemin Cure 6 B that I have seen, although a bit crude, CH-1008 Prilly. Switzerland Fax: +41 21 7286561 seem to be freshly struck with little or no wear. T his doesn't seem 10 fit well E-mail: [email protected] February 2010 41 40 Years of NUMISMATA Munich (1970-2010) From Bavarian Regional Coin Day to European Coin Fair With International Flair ee of Bayerische Holzbank. Physicist In 1982, when the fathers of the by Dr. Walter Grasser 0110 Kozinowski and Olaf Zierl, a keen Bavarian coin day were unable to agree motor journalist and a PR Manager, on the payment of the expenses in The year of birth of the now inter joined later. At thai time, the Bavarian curred, a great opportunity was creat national NUMISMATA Munich was Numismatic Society, a registered asso ed for Erich Modes, who had previous 1970, in a 400 square meter room ad ciation, did not want to take on the not ly attended Numismata as an exhibi· joining the Lowenbraukeller on Stigl inconsiderable risk of such an event. tor, hence he was very familiar with the maierplatz. This was the location of the The sale purpose of the Bavarian numerous problems and desires of his tentative beginnings of what has for coin day in Munich was in itially to pro colleagues dealing in coins and med decades been one of the largest nu vide a transregional meeting for a few als. Consequently, at future fairs, the mismatics trade fairs in the world. motivated dealers, in order to create a booths and stands were no longer al The actual founding fathers of the greater product range and above all, located simply in order of registration. Bavarian coin day in Munich-the initial better sales possibilities independent It proved to be far more logical to com translation of the Latin name Numis of stock lists and auctions, From the pose groups. There are also frequent mata Bavariae, which may sound outset, Numismala enjoyed a very ac ly dealers who do not wish to stand di somewhat academic and scientific to tive appeal to collectors and, even in rectly adjacent to their competition . non-experts-were: Augsburg architect 1971, it was able to expand to the 900 This is naturally taken into account in and coin collector Benedikt Laib; two square meter Lowenbraukeller ball the planning. Erich Modes, a fo rmer coin dealers, Zialko Tudjina and Horst room. After 1972, it also occupied all officer/employee of the German feder Otto; and an old coin collecting employ- the adjoining rooms. al post office, is considered by the en tire industry to be an outstanding and above all very re liable organizer. Numismata Munich has, therefore, experienced continuous expansion, llrofiles in both in terms of the exhibition area and in the number of exhibitors and visitors. The successful coin exchange in th e ~umismatics L6wenbraukeller was ended suddenly Antonio Agostin and completely unexpectedly only by the great roof truss fire in 1986. For the 1517-1586 next five years, the now annual coin Antonio Agostin was born in Saragossa exchange (a split into one fair in the spring and one in the autumn had, for in 1517. As a Catholic priest, he became a number of reasons, proved not to Bishop of Lerida in 1558 and Archbishop make sense) was held in the confer of Tarragona in 1574 where he died in 1586. Considered by many as ence room of the German museum, the father of Spanish numismatics, his collection was brought to the now wi th an exhibition area of 1,200 Biblioleca de San Lorenzo de el Escorial by the noted art-lover, Philip square meters. Here, the event had II of Spain (1556- 1598). Agostfn's major contribution to numismatics found a very worthy and appropriate was his work Diti!ogm; de Medalftu, hw: ricione~' y Olras anliguedades, setting, although the correct lighting of published by Felipe Mey in Tan'agona in 1587. Its importance at the the ind ividual booths caused great time is confinned by its translation into Italian five years later, I Discorsi problems. Particularly when buying coins del S. DOll Antonio Agostini sopra Ie medaglie ed altre anticaglie and medals, the correct light plays a very (Rome, 1592). Agostfn was the subject of much interest in the mid important role in the evaluation of their state of preservation. In addition to rari twentieth century, first by Casto Marfa Del Rivero, Don Antonio ty, it also determines the price. Agustfn, principe de los Ilumismtiticos espanoles (Madrid, 1945), and Fundamental restructuring and then by Serrano Matilda Lopez, lconografia de Antonio Agustin building alterations in the conference (Madrid. 1952). room of the German museum and th e ever-increasing interest from domestic This feature is provided courtesy of George Frederick Kolbe and fo reign dealers forced Erich Modes Fine Numismatic Books, Crestline, CA 92325 to expand further and change the 10 continucd on page 60... 42 The Gelator Ponterio & Associates Realizes More Than $2.5 Million at Official January 2010 NYINC Auction IRVINE, CA-Ponterio & Associates, Inc., the world and ancients auction division of Bowers and' Marena Auc tions, conducted its Official Auction of the January 2010 New York interna tional Numismatic Convention (NYINC) and real ized more than $2 .5 million. The sale was conducted in two ses sions January 8-9, 2010, and offered more than 2,300 lots of important an cienl coins, world coins, paper money, orders and decorations. "Bidding activity was very strong in our January 2010 NYINC Auction," ob served Rick Ponterio, executive vice president of Bowers and Marana Auc One o( the highlights' of Ponterio & Associates N YING auction was 101 5832, ti ons, "with many coins and notes seil a silver letradrachm from Mende in Macedonia, struck ca. 425 BG, and graded ing for noteworthy prices. Particularly AU (NGC), it realized $10,350. impressive results were achieved through our offering of the Chester Skotak Collection of Central American • Lol5921, Rome, JE Aes Grave As, Fine, real ized $17,250; Coinage as well as in the section of the ca. 280-269 BC, Choice Extremely cOlI/illlled 011 page 44... sa le dedicated to Russian, Annamese and Argentine Sun Face coinage." Continued Ponte rio: "We offered the Prize of Russian Numismatics-a 1902 !>c I!&lbc (urto!Stttc j,UOPPC 37-1/2 Rubles-as lot 7389. This impor tant coin, attributed as Fr- 170, Y-B65, (a division oj RCCA LId.) located at Bitkin-309 and Sev-578 and graded 111 South Orange Avenue. South Orange, NJ 07079 AU , realized $69,000, more than dou ble our pre-sale estimate. Also of note A complete collectors gallery buying & selling: is lot 7139, a very rare 1826 Great Bril U.S" ancient, & foreign coins, U. S. & foreign stamps, ain 5 Pounds with a mintage of just 150 paper money, tokel1s & medals , Classical Alltiquities pieces. An original, unimpaired piece certified Proof-63 Deep Cameo by of Greece, Rome, Egypt, & ludaea, Pre-Columbian, PCGS, the coin went to the winn ing American Indian , Africa", & EthflOgrapllic objects bidder at $ 19 ,550 .~ & artifacts, along with historical and poplilar autographs Additional highlights of the Ponte & manuscript material, Revoilitionary War & earlier Americana . rio & Associates January 2010 NYINC auction include: BUYING & SELLING - FREE APPRAISALS • Lot 5041, Belize , 10 Dollars, 1.1.1974, P-36a, Superb Gem Uncircu "You'd be amazed at what we will buy & how much we will pay" lated 67EPQ (PMG), realized $3,278; • Lot 5153, Taiwan, 50 Yen , 1921, P-1924, Very Fine, realized $2,818; • Lot 5448, India, 2 Rupees- 8 An Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow nas, Undated (1917), P-2, Uncirculat Phone (973) 762-1588· Fax (973) 761-8406 ed , realized $7,705; • Lot 5457, India, 1 Rupee, Undat Email: arnie.saslow@prodigy. net ed (Circa 1928·1935), P-14b, About Un· c irculated-Uncircu lated, realized Gallery hours: Monday [0 Saturday 10:00 - 6:00 $8,625; Visa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted • Lot 5832, Macedonia, Mende, AR Telradrac hm, ca. 425 BC, AU (NGC), Gift Ce rtificates Issued ~------~ realized $10,350; February 20 10 43 Ponterio Cont. from pg, 43 • Lot 5942, Rome, Antonia, AV Au reu s, posthumous issue struck ca. 41- 42 under Claudius, Very Fine. realized $10,350; • Lot 5959, Rome, Diocletian, AV Aureus, Nicomedia Mint, 294-2 95, Choice AU (NGC) , re alized $10,638; • Lot 7134, Great Britain , Broad of 20 Shillings, 1656, Fr-273. S-3225, KM- Pn25, AU-55 (NGe), realized $25,300; • • Lot 7296, Mexico, Iturbide, Gold Medal, 182 1, Grove-S (unlisted in gold), AU-55 (NGC), realized $14,950; • Lot 7316, Peru, 8 Escudos, 1710- H, Fr-7, KM -38.2, Choice EF, realized $18,400; • Lot 7332, Roman ia , 20 Lei, 1868. Fr-1. KM-5, AU Details- Reve rse Scratched (NGC), realized $37.375; • Lot 7356, Russia, Platinum 6 Ru bies, 1830, Fr-159, C-178, Bitkin-56, Sev-599, MS-64 (NGC), realized $26,450; and • Lot 7561, China, Pattern Dollar, Tientsin Mint, Undated (1907), L&M- 20, K-212, MS-63 (NGC), realized $10,350. For a comp lete list of prices real ized for the January 20 10 NYI NC Auc tion, please visit the Bowers and Mer enaJPonterio & Associates website at www.bowersandmerena.com or call the firm toll free of 800.458.4646. FINE GREEK. ROMAN, PER51AN, Richard Ponterio, a renowned spe PARTHIAN & 5A 55ANIAN COINS cialist in world and ancient numismat· 5pecializing in BIBLICAL COIN5 & A RTIFACT5 ics, founded Ponte rio & Associates, Inc. , in 1982. Bowers and Merena Auc We buy and build fine collection s. tions acquired the company in 2008, Call or w rite for our free list. creating an auction powe rhouse that See us at th e New York International Coin Show covers the collecting interests of U.S. www.zuzimjudaea.com and international coin and currency enthusiasts. Ponterio & Associates www.trocad ero.com/ zuzimjudaea auctions have included such notable GOSdste in, Numistmatist coin collections as the John S. Daven· 101003, I NY 11 2 10 port Collection, the Witte Museum Col lection, the Amat Collection, the Joe Lasser Collection, and the James Hun nicut Collection. Distinguished paper i?!flVi?!flO Now Available for money collections include the East Bay Subscription Payments Co ll ection of Intern ational Bank Notes, and the Eduard Kann Chinese Bank Now offering PayPal as an option that you can use t o conveniently pay Note Collection. Ponterio & Associates for your subscript ion. Celator binder s, or back issues. Just send pay has also presented treasure collections ment t o: kerence@f ront iernet.net, and you can pay using t he credit from the shipwrecks uNicobar, ~ card of your choice or have the monies automat ically deduct ed from MRooswijk,B and uCapitana. ~ your checking account. J ust go t o our secure sit e at www.vcoins.coml Bowers and Merena Auctions was celat or wher e you can use Paypal or your Visa/Mast er card. founded in 1983, and has grown to be come one of the world's preeminent nu The Celator ~ mismatic auctioneers with more than half a billion dollars in rare coin and P.O. Box 10607, Lancaster,PA 17605 _ 1'111'] cu rrency sales. They continu e to serVe PhonelFax (717) 656-8557 ...... continued 011 page 50 ... 44 The Celator Collecting Scribal Artifacts from Ancient Egypt The scribe was an importan t part of ancient Egyptian life. There were official scribes who worked for the A stone sculpture of a seated scribe temples or the government. as well from the Middle Kingdom (XII '" Dy as private scribes who could be hired nasty, 1991-1786 BeE). Photo cour to write various documents. Since tesy of Royal-Athena Galleries. most people in antiquity were not literate, this was a vital service. the most popular of all Egyptian Many scribes attained a high minor artifacts today. In fact, the place in soc iety; for example, a work of the scribe would make an scribe in the New Kingdom named interesting are a for a specialized Bekenhons became a High Priest in collection of ancient Egyptian art. his temple. We have several tombs of high placed scribes, which were excavated by archaeologists, and wall paintings, statues, bas reliefs, and the li ke shed light on their dai ly life. A scribe was usually depicted Art of seated cross-legged on the ground, holding a papyrus roll in his left the Ancient World hand and the reed brush, which he Greek, Etruscan, used to write with, in his right. Du r Roman, Byzantine, Egyptian, ing the Greek period, circa third cen tury Be, the reed pen was intro & Near Eastern Antiquities duced. The pigments used were pre We are pleased to announce the dominantly red and black- the red publication of Volume XX - 2009 of was finely ground ochre and the black was carbon, often from soot. Art of the Ancient World, T he powders were pressed into our new 96-page catalog cakes and put in a palette. When illustrating 2 17 objects in fu11 color. used, they were mixed with gum and applied with water. Actual scribal palette's have been preserved and sometim es appear on the market. In addition to writing on papyrus, shofltexts were often wr it ten on flakes of limestone or bits of royal-athena galleries pottery; these are called ostrica. Jerome M Eisenberg, PhD .. Director Established 1942 Many of these have survived and are often sought afler by coll ectors, as 153 EasI571h Street. New York, NY 10022 are papyri and other written arti 212·355-2034 ' Fax: 212·688-0412 • E-mail: [email protected] facts. For our/atest acquisilions, please visit our website: Scribes usually sealed their work, www,royalathena.colII and seals and their impressions arc Roya l-Alhena at Seaby, 14 Old BOlld Street, London WIS 4PP, England in many collections, both public and • Tel: (44) 0207-495-2590 ' Fax: (44) 0207·491·1595 ' e·mail: private. Many of these seals were [email protected] scarab shaped, and these are among February 2010 45 rique Jllduiqlle, l Oaf 13 ZIIzim shown had holes in them. The holes were invariably ncar the edge of ihe coin, so they would nOt obliterate the design, This presented quite an enigma to the numismatists who studied these coins, even up unti lthc 1960s. What did these holes mcan'! And why did Photograph of a pierced Bar Kokh so many of thc known cxamples of ba zuz (Hendin 734). thc coins have them? There were no other coins th at had so many exam He interprets this to mean that ples th at were apparently used for when money ( not normally suscep Bar Kokhba Zuzim another purposc. tible to be ing unclean) is t ra ns· with In t he hoard s o f Bar Kok hba formed to an object used as an or Holes co ins found mos tly in the mid to nament (a vessel), the laws appl y as AI the recent New York In terna latc-20'h century, none of the Zllzim they wou ld to any other ordinary tional Numismatic Convention. I had holes in them. object. was ta lking \0 my fri e nd L3u rcn Th e laIC Ya' ll kov Mesho rcr Meshorcr takes the point further about th e Bar Kokhba ZIIzim (si ngu solved the mys tery in his M.A. the whe n he quotes the Jerusal em Tal lar = zuz, equal to a dennrius or a sis, later publishcd in Eng li s h (in mud (Ma 'a ser Sheni I, 2 p. 52d) re drachm), and the fact that many ex 1967) as l ewish Coills of rhe Second gard in g the issue of the kinds of amples of these coins that have been Temple Period. He observed that "in coins that could be used to pay th e discovered had holes in them and the ancient world on ly a negligible second tithe. "With regard to a coin th is was true right up to the end of proportion of all types o f coins we re which was in validated but is accept the 19'b century. perforated and used as orn aments or ed by the government, R. Yose in the Holes in the zuzim cn n be ob as charms. But thi s is not so with the name of R. Yo naian (said): ' It is like served via the drawings in and de denarii of Bar Kokhba. Among them a blank.' R. Hiyya in the name o f R. scriptions in three early books. The the number of perforated coins is out Yo natan (said) ' It is like a coin of 1854 edition of Frederick Madden's of all proportio n to th e un-perforat the former kings.' Should it be ac Co il/s of th e Jews illustrates 13 of ed oncs if we exc lude those which, cepted as a currency because it bears the 18 zuzim shown w ith holes in hidden away during th e Bar Kokhba a recognizable design, (the second them. [n M. Levy's German book war, were th us withdrawn from cir tithe) is exchanged for it, but if not, Geschiclue der liidischen Mill/un of culation and prevent ed from being (the second tithe) is not exchanged 1862, eight of nine ZlI zim we re turned into ornaments." for it. (The Second ti the) is not ex pierced, and in F. DeSaulcy's 1854 Meshorer turned to th e Mishnah changed fo r a co in issued by o ne French Recherches slfr fa Nllmismo- (Ke/i", XII, 7), which discusses the who rebelled such as Be n Koz.iva law o f cleanliness o f vessels: "A ( Bar Kokhba)." denarius which was invalidated and The second tithe is a portion of fashioned for hanging around the one's money that was set aside for neck of a young girl is susceptible personal use during holidays and to uncleanliness." (The Mishnah is fes tivals (See Deuteronomy 12:5-6 a codificatio n o f laws and discus and 14:25 among other references). sio ns of them th at dates from about This quotation is criti cal because 70 to 200 CE, while the Ta lmud is a it shows us that Bar Kokhba's coins discussion of laws and d iscussions :I re an example of invalidated coins, Drawing of Bar Kokhba zuz Irom in the Mishnah that dates to th e 5'h which was noted as long ago as the Madden (1854) showing a hole in it. century CE.) time the Talmud was codified in the 3'd_4'h centuri es CE o " ' ndeed," wrote Meshorer, "ex ,:DH. D. RAUCH GmbH Vienna cept for th e coins of Bar Kokhba, we know of none in the period (before RAUCH Numismatist and A uctioneer since 1969 200 CE) wh ich were withdrawn For Ancient, World Coins & Hi storical Medals from use. We may thus connect the coins of Bar Kokbha with the Mi sh Next Auction: Spring Auction, na quoted above which deals with an March 20 10 invalidated denari us." Even tho ugh the coins were in Jl'/ollthly electrolJ;c live al/ctio" sturring validated after Bar Kokhba's defeat Jatlllury 19" .1010 by Hadrian 's troops in I3S CE, they Please contact us: 01143153333 12 retained both aesthetic and "great sentimental value as a reminder of E·mail: rauch@ hdrauch.coID Ihe former national independence Visit our shop: www,hdrauch,cQIll and glory of the Land of Israel and Write to: A· IOIO Wien, Graben 15 (Europe) it s people, while the s ymbols on 46 The Gelator them recalled the Temple service and its ceremonial vessels." "For this reason people were un Tim Wakes doubtedly loath to melt them down Specialist in Mediawal and Islamic Coins even though they were no longer used as currency." Thus. it seems that young wom en, and possibly you ng men, who were able to obtain them around the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE had these invalidated si lver zu PO Box 150 zim turned into pendants or amulets Battle that were worn on necklaces. The e-mail: [email protected] East Sussex earl i est examples of these zuzim that www.wilkeseoins.eom TN330FA were found in ancient Judaea and its www.vcoins.com/ancient/ timw;lkes U K environs were single surface finds, such as when a necklace broke or was lost, and its charm fell to the earth and was then lost. The later hoards of thousands of coins do not contain examples of Early pierced Zlizim because they were hidden away during the war as part Islamic & Oriental of treasures or payrolls when the coins were still valid. Coins Copyright © 2010 by David Hendin www.vcoins.com/najafcoins Robinson Cont. from pg. 22 www.najafcoins.com In the Roman section , a Caligu la AD LOCVTlO sestertius in About VF with porosity brought $650 on a $1000 bid; an As of Claudius with Minerva reverse in About EFNF+ fetched $621 on a $925 Oil Lamps Important new book on bid; a Nero denarius with Salus reverse graded VF+NF sold for $530, reduced of the ancient oil lamps is now from an $850 bid; a Diadumenian de Holy Land available_ Limited number narius, Choice EF+/EF, brought $560 on of copies signed by the a $715 bid; and a gold Solidus of Con stantius II in VF realized $826. authors_ The sale also included Byzantine and other early coinages, group lots, More than 1,000 lamps are numismatic and historical literature, shown in FULL COLOR. and a selection of fixed price specials. Robinson strives to offer in each 180 page hardcover book. sale a good mix of choice, interesting and rare coins, as well as lower-va l NOW IN STOCKI ued coins for budget-minded collectors. Three such mail-bid sales are held an nually. Catalogs may be obtained free $65.00 plus $3 shipping of charge from Frank S . Robinson at P.O. Box 3040A, Pine Station, Albany, NY 12203; phone/fax 518-482-2639; or e-mail [email protected]. Catalogs AMPHORA can also be viewed at his website, 1j. p.o. Box 805 www.fsrCOin.com;andthe results of the ""- ~ Nyack. NY 10960 latest sale are posted at ",," 11"'.1 845·358·7364 www.fsrcoin.com/results.html. ~...- [email protected] http://www_vcoins.comlamphoracoins ~ Say that you read it in www.amphoracoins.com ~ The Celator February 2010 47 to save them from oblivion, as well as link the current dynas ty to its predecessors. The silver and gold issues do not employ the "REST" designa tor, however. So, why do so on the bronzes? I believe this was done because the pre vious coins being re Figure 2-0ivus Augustus, IE Sestertius, restoration is stored were not actu Thanks for the sue under Titus. Image courtesy of Beast Goins. ally taken out of cir Memories... culation and melted. As such, you could MOSI ancients collectors are famil ically, and in many cases are far more theoreti cally find a Tiberius sestertius iar with posthumous issues, such as the valuable and rare than the issues they with Divus Augustus and the restored immensely popular "Alexander the restore! Let's start with some of the version by Titus in circulation at the Great" tetradrachm, minted for de belter- known types and finish with same time. In theory, anyway. cades after Alexander's death Also, some that almost never come to mar Looking at the Roman Republican most coll ectors are familiar with con ket. Probably the most commonly en series, we can find a restored issue as secration issues, which deified the pre countered types are bronzes minted by well. Fabia 6 (see Fig. 4 on page 50), vious ruler. Or. in the case of a gor Ti tus. One such example is a sester minted in 81 BC, restored an issue ofQ. geous SCI of 11 silver antoniniani is tius, restoring an issue of Di vus Au Fabius Maximus (Fabia 5), minted in sued by Trajan Decius, a whole series gustus minted by Tiberius (Fig. 2). The J 27 Be. Communly, Fabia 6 is given the of previous ru lers: Augustus, Vespa first thi ng you will not icc about re date range of 82-80 BC, however, An sian (Fig. I), Titus, Nerva, Trajan, stored issues is they copy the original drew McCabe, someone I highly respect Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Au with respect to design, but will some in the Republican circles, has listed the relius, Com modus (no, J' m not jok where in the legend on one side or the coi n as 81 BC on his website at http:// ing), Septimius SCVCfUS and Severus other make a reference to "REST" for andrewmccabe.ancients.info. Alexander. However. the[e is another restored. Other examples in the same For the truly deep-pocketed, 1 type of coin I would like 10 discuss ve in can be found on different bronz would like to present the restored is with respect to "bringing the past into es as well- a Titus sestertius restoring sues of aurei and denarii minted by the present"- rcstoration issues. the Spes type issued under Claudius; Trajan. This collection focus is not for Restoration issues are a bit of a a Nerva sestertius restoring the Di vus the impatient or faint of heart. Very puzzle. They were issued very sporad- Augustus laureate portrait and altar type; a Tit us dupondius restoring the Justitia type minted for Livia; and so on. In general, these early bronzes, restoring relatively contemporary bronzes, sell for around the same as the originals. Although there are silver and gold issues under Vespasian and his sons (Fig. 3), these were issued because of Figure 1-Divus Vespasian, AR Antonin the melting of earlier. more intrinsi Figure 3-Titus, AV Aureus, restoring an ianus issued by Trajan Oecius. Image cally valuable coins (as Nero did pre anonymous issue Roman Republican courtesy of Beast Goins. viously) and reused earlier types so as denarius from 115/114 Be. Image cour tesy of Adrian Lang, VGoins store. few examples come to market each year, if ever, and when they do, ex pect to see some four or five-figure price tags. The series is so interesting and large, it has a three-page introduc tion in RI C 11 (pp. 302-304). A summa ry of the series from the introduction: Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins I-The series is comprised entirely of au rei and denari, as opposed to the mostly base-metal issues under Titus, www.ancientcoinmarket.com Domitian and Nerva. 2- Every example, which covers New Articles Monthly RIC I 1,765-836, bears the reverse 1cg- continued on page 50. .. 48 The Gelator the Dead Sea Scrolls repatriated from er, senior research scientist in the Israel. And these are just a few of the Egyptian section, said, "It 's a wonder most prominent cases. Scores of less ful way to un lock 'secrets,' and learn er objects have also been claimed by more about the life, and death, of the Nationalist governments who seek mummies in our coll ection." From the (and often get) their return. Is it any expressions on the faces of those photo great surprise thaI Turkey should ask graphed in the article above, it looks to for the bones of St. Nick? After all , the me more like a college frat house prank Albanians are demanding the exhuma than serious science-{)ne of the research tion of Mother Teresa and the return ers being dressed in an action-hero T of her remains. shirt and medical cap. All of them sport I haven't seen any archaeologists Cheshire Cat grins for the camera. weighing in on the subject yet. but I Ancient Egyptians aren 't the only "Give Me Them. Bones" suspect it's a hot potato for them- since ones who are subject to being ex Do you suppose someone in the they dig in both countries and arc de humed by the ti nkerers. After being Cultural Ministry of Turkey is read pendent upon the respective states for interred for 467 years, the astronomer ing this column? It's probably just their permits. One would think that Nicholas Copernicus was dug up in coincidence, but in the May 2009 is people driven by ideological fervor 20.05 by archaeologists in Poland. It sue I wrote a piece tit led "The Bones would have strong fee lings one way or seems ironic that archaeologists are all of St. Nicholas." In that wlumn, I re the other, but the archaeological com in a lather over "dug-up" coins, but taled the story of how the bones of Old munity's stance on Kennewick Man, don't mind in the least defi ling the S1. Nick were stolen during the Mid if nothing else, taught us that ideolo dead by digging them up and putting dle Ages from his sarcophagus in gy is only a main driving force when their remains on display or running a it suits the moment. Although typical host of "scientific" and "scholarl y" Myra, Turkey by Latin merchants and transported to Bari, Italy. Since Italy ly strong advocates of cul tural prop experiments on them. Just last month, has been hot to recover objects from erty nationalism, archaeologists in that the 400-year-old bones of the Italian antiquity that they sec as their cultural high profile case argued against repa artist known as Caravaggio were col patrimony, I also asked what I intended triating the bones of a Native Ameri lected from the ossuary they were pre at the time to be a rhetorical question: can to an ind igenous tribe that laid served in so that they could be studied "When will Italy return the bones of Sc claim to them. by an Italian anthropologist. Nicholas to Myra?" It was rhetorical, Some anthropologists and archae Many cultures believe that the spir because I really didn 't bel ieve for an ologists seem to have a penchant for it of an individual rests in their bones instant, and still don't, that Italy wOiJld tinkering with the dead. Earlier this after death. Consequently, burial spots ever give up the bones- their own na year, an article of some interest ap within those cultures arc treated with tionatist ideology notwithstanding. peared in the University of Pennsyl great reverence and respect. If cultural Lo and behold, on December 28 th vania Almanac, which is online at: heritage is protected by preserving the of 2009, the BBC reported that "A http://www.upenn,edu/almanac/ integrity of common objects from the Turkish archaeologist has asked his volumes/vSS/n31/mummies.html past, is it not of at least equal impor -The photo accompanying this article to government to demand thai Itah re tance preserve the integrity and dig turn the bones of S1. Nicholas to their is one not to be missed. Several an nity of human remains from a culture? original resting place." Professor thropology students and staff are ar What is the difference, reaily, between Nevzat Cevik, the head of archaeologi rayed alongside a mummified Egyp a grave robber and an archaeologist cal research at Demre, Turkey (ancient tian corpse as it is about to be fed into who opens graves? A pennit? Is the in Myra) claims that the Bishop, later can a CT scanning machine in the name of formation gained from archaeological on ized, wanted to be buried in his home research. This is not· the first ti me the destruction of a grave and the defiling town. According to the BBC, the Turk hapless and defrocked Egyptian has of human remains so useful to society ish government said it was considering been probed. In 1973, hc was x-rayed that we should forego common respect asking Italy to return the remains. and autopsied. Since then he's been for the dead? The Nativ,,< Americans The request would be just one more on public display. Dr. Jennifer Wegn- have it right- let the dead rest in peace. in a rash of Nationalist State repatria tion efforts. The Greek government has long sought return of the Par When interests or circumstance suggest that it thenon or "Elgin" Marbles from Brit is time to sell part or all of your collection: ain. Egypt seeks return of the Nefer-· titi Bust from Berlin and the Rosetta Consign with confidence to Stone from London. Zahi Hawass was recently successful in extorting the Sayles and Lavender return of several engraved stele from the Louvre in Paris. When the French http://vcoins.comJsaylesandlavender initially refused to return the objects, th which they said werc from a 19 cen SAYLES AND LAVENDER --Call or Email... tury collection, Egypt suspended the P.o. Box 926, Watkinsville, GA 30677 about permits for French archaeologists dig [email protected]· (417) 679·2142 consigning your ging in Egypt. The tactic worked. john@saylesandlavender,com '(321)946-4633 coins or books Mos t recently, Jordan is trying to get February 2010 49 Internet Cont. from pg. 48 ored after their deaths. So, why include Brut us , Pompey and Eppius? Most end IMP CAES T RA lAN AVG GER likely to show a timeline continuity DAC P PREST from the early Republican period to the 3-Without exception, every exam time of minting. ple restores an issue of considerable Personally, I find the whole idea of rarity. The original Republ ican issues the government using its coinage to are all ones that Babelon val ued at 300- promote past glories fascinating . A I ~ though we have the Internet today to 600 francs, and the Imperial original Figure 5-C. Marius G.r. Capito (Re distribute information at the speed of types are even more valuable. stored Issue under Trajan), AR De blogging, the ancients, as well as mod 4-In several instances, the original narius- originally issued in 81 BG. Im ern countries, used coins to spread a prototype restored by the Trajan issue age courtesy of Ancient Delights, message and give a fairly permanent is, as of yet, completely unknown. VCoins store. Since the coins are not dated with record of accomplishments for people respect to any ofTrajan's consulships, The reasoning fo r minting this to enjoy. the year of mintage is speculation. large series is presented by Mattingly However, a passage in Dio (LXVII I, and Sydenham in RIC as Trajan real The Internet Site of the Month is izing not only some of the coinage Andrew McCabe's Fliekr photo gal types becoming extinct, but also an lery at http://www.flickr.com/photos/ opportunity 10 showcase the develop ahala_rome so you can compare the ment of Rome as the power to which original RepUblican coins to the Tra it had grown from the Republican era, jan restored issues. Enj oy! through the lmperatorial con fli cts, and progressing through the Imperial age. Ponterio Cont. from pg. 44 The restored Republican types include portraits of Romulus and Ancus Mar as Official Auctioneer of the Baltimore ius: famous heroes Horatius Coc1es Coin and Currency Conventions three Figure 4- 0 . Fabius Maximus (Re and Decius Mus; numerous military times every year. Bowers and Merena stored Issue), AR Denarius, 81 BG. successes, such as the victory of Mar has handled four of the five most valu Image courtesy of Beast Goins. cellus over Viridomarus and the sur able United States coin collections ever render of Jugurtha to Sulla; along with sold, including the Louis E. Eliasberg 15) alludes 10 melling old coinage and quadrigalus, Roma/Dioscuri, and oth Sr. Collection, the Harry W. Bass Jr. may reasonably point 10 107 AD. er common types (Fig. 5). Collection, the Garrett Collection for The lmpcratorial issues arc repre The Johns Hopkins Unive rsity, and the sented with restorations of Pompey, Norweb Collection. Say that Brutus, M. Eppius, and Julius Caesar. For further information about Bow ' Imperial issues include restorations . " ers and Merena and Ponte rio & Asso you for Augustus, Tiberius, Cla udius. Gal ciates, or to consign to an upcoming "". ba, Vespasian, Titus, and Nerva. No auction, call 800-458-4646 in the U.S. ~ read it in table omissions from Ihis list include or +1-949-253-0916 international. Caligula, Nero, Otho, Vitel!ius, and Complete prices realized for all past Dom itian. Why? Probably because auctions are ava il ab le a t The Celator each of these emperors were dishon- www.bowersandmerena.com. ilfCTOR ~CilfCTfR, TH, ARD,M T COIM COLL,CTOR, DISCOV,R,D THAT 8R IMGIMG HI S IVI~, TO TH, WYIWC con MUCII MORf THAM JUST TH, AIR~AR'. HOTeL 8IL L. AD MI SSIOM ~"S. M,ALS, SMACKS, BOOZ, AMD SUNDRieS ... Ol{ MY !! WELCOME TO TIFFANY & C;;;:;O~. ===j1 _~! I'~ WELCOME IiOW cO~VnJ I I;: tJ T U TOniE YOU CAM GO IN NEW YORK TIIERE AND PIA Y WITH YOUR unL~ P IL ~S O~ AWClfWT CilAWGE• .. ... AN DICAN GO IN IIERE AND ~PEND LA RG~ PIL~ £ or YOUR MODERN {OWIWG MOWfY II 50 The Celator Professional Directory ( Antiquities & Coins) ( Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Coins ) fQAGnrITS Of TiMf HD ENTERPRISES ~n~W:,;'lJ~5t9llj~C~I'E~w:'~'I~ )0. Antiquities )0. Indian Artifacts & Pottery MUSEUM-QUALITY ANCIENT ART ~'E{5 'l1'l('LS ~ Pre-Columbian Artifacts Specializing in Greek, Roman, ~ Ancient Coins ... and more! Egyptian and Etruscan ~ Buy-Sell-Trade--Consign Antiquities rIi. Attn: Hank Johnson P.O. Box 22082CL, Denver, CO 80222 PO. Box 376 The Time Ph: 303·695-1301 Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Online Catalog: wwwbd~~in~,~Qm Machine Co. E-mai l: [email protected] Tel: (508) 359 - 0090 eBay Seller Name: hd enterprises E-mail: [email protected] Fine Archaeological Arl and Coins Contact us for our complimentary catalogue of fine antiquities P.O. Box 282 - Flushing 81a. Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. Visil us on the Internet at: Queens, NY 11367 Chicago's Full Service Dealer (718) 544-2708 http://www.antiquities.net Since 1964 ~ Our 46th Year Originator of the .~- III IZ I ~ i I \ Buy or Bid Sales 00 & NI'\, I \\I.II il . Approx. $1,000,000. of Coins r' . Antiquities In Every Sale 31 North Clark Street • Greek _ Biblical • Roman _ Judaean Chicago, Illinois 60602 • Byzanline • Anliqllilie;' PH (312) 609-0018 Fax (31 2) 609-1309 Compony Web Site: E-Mail: info@ harlanjberk.com www.hcraklcs-inc.com www.harlanjberk.com>.-", VCQins Store: ~ !OC P_N G www.vcoins.com/herakles PenySicgd P08w;480611 Char/olle, NC 28269 ANTIQUARIUS (704) 991-1707 Robert Loosley Professional dealer since I 969-cx Seaby and Antiquities PI! www.antiquities.co.nz [email protected] ~ CoinArt.net Anci ent Coins & Artifacts Biblical Antiquities ONI Fi"cSl w€b based Numismatic Gifts objects <;j art! 190 Fil/mare SI. I D Ancient Art Den" ~ r. CO 80206 303·321 · 7351 gal/a)' 305-785 -53/5 In fo @coinart.net . PO Box 3356 Iowa City. lA 52244 Phone: (319) 621·4327 nel TolI·Free: 888·853·7866 February 2010 51 Professional Directory (~ __~B~o~o~ks~&~C~o~in~s~ __) (~ __~C~oi~n~s ____) ( Coins ) (/OOD LIBRARIES Brian Kritt RUb~IK ON ANCIENT COINS NU MI SMATIC S Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins Specializing ill Ancielll WANTED ANCIENT GREEK 60 ROMAN Greek, Romall & Judaic Coins BYZANTINE We acl[vely purchase desirable numis EARLY RUSSIAN matic books, catalogues and periodicals MEDIEVAL BALKAN in all fields, and also conduct frequent auctions. Send $1 0.00 for OUT n<'xl cata P.O.II. 6955. San JlOC. CA 9~ 15l1-69SS. USA logue or visit our web site to find books c·mail: rudnik@ rud nik.com for sale listed. and upcoming auctions. WIOw.n,dnlk.cott' qEORqE FREDERICK KOLBE P.O. Box 558 Fine Numismatic Books Burtonsville, MD 20866 P. O. Drawer 3100. Crestlin e, CA 91!325 Tel: (909) 338·0527 • Fax: (91)9) 338-6960 (301) 236-0256· fax (301) 989-1796 email: Q FK@nu mi slil.com e-mail: [email protected] web site: www.numislit.com DAVID R. SEAR ISLAMIC & INDIAN can supply autographed copies of COINS all his publications. Advance orders From the earliest times now being accepted for the next title to the present day ROMAN COINS AND THEIR VALUES, VOLUM E IV Projected publicatioll dare Spring 2010 Fred B. Shore Special dedication inscriptions on request Classical Numismatics The perfect gift for yourself or the Ancient Greek. ROllum and collector in your life. Price lists issued regrilariy, Pa rthian coins oflhe highest available upon request ORDERS MAY BE PLACED quality bought and sold on my website: www.davidrsear.com STEPHEN ALBUM by mai l: P.O. Box 7314, P.o. BOX 7386 PO Box 398 Schwenksville, PA 19473 Porter Ranch, CA 91327 SANTA ROSA, CA. 95407 U.s.A. (610) 287-4820 by phone: (818) 993-7602 phone: 707-539-2120 E-mail: [email protected] by fax: (81 8) 993-6119 fax: 707-539-3348 r------C OINSOP Glenn Schinke I www_yorkcoins.com GRE4.T BRITAIN, Numismatist Roman C ritic GREECE AND ROME Lookfor us at: Feb. 4-6- Long Be~ch Coin , Sl~mp & Col English, Scottish SELECTED FOR QUALrn' & VALUE lectibles Expo. Long Beach. CA Feb. 21 - V an Nuys Coin Show. Masonic Hall, & Irish H(lfnmtred 14750 Sherman Way, Van Nuys. CA Eu ropea/J M edieval March 4_7_Whilman Coin & Collectible, Expo. Baltimore Convention Center. M D March 13 _14_Buena Park Coin Show, Retail mail P.O, Box 160 Red Hook NY 1257 1 Clerks Hall. 8550 Stanton A\'e .. near Knoll's plw", (718) 544 0120 I"'" (7 18) 544 0120 Berry Farm ,·'"ail [email protected] March 25-28 - ANA National Money Show. Fl. Worth Conventioo Center, Fl. Worth. TX ., qJay~f}IJS ~.!'S . Cold Spring, M N 56320 P.O. Box 3371 Visit our \\"cb~'iw! Rosemead, CA 91770 www.das.o;iccoins.com (626) 446-6775 York Coins Fax (626) 446-8536 An/ol9' Wi/son Projessional NllmiJmatis/ 52 The Celator Professional Directory C__ ----"C"'o:.:.:in:::.. s __~) (~ ___C;:::.o::.:in:::s,--_~) Coins ) C~- ---==-- CALGARY COIN GALLERY Specialist in ANCIENT & M.EDlEVAL COINS SPA~JAN Ancient Coins, especially 12 Caesars Gold NUM(SMATrCS Roman, GI'l.'ek and Large Thalers, PO Box 19 1486-1800, In Exceptional Quality Furlong, PA 18925 also stock World Minor Coins. GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE Medals, CroWIl.f, & Artifacts (2 15) 343-9606 BRITISH - EUROPEAN - ISLAM IC CHI NESE - PARTHIAN - SASSAN IAN OUf in ventor:y is amQnll Free Illustrated Catalog JUDAEAN - INDIAN & M UCH MORE the finest in Ameri ca (AS WELL ,\ S " 11 1( MOU~: II N II"QRU)) Occasional Lists A\'ail uble Attraclive, Low Priced YOUR COIN SHOP JAMES E. BEACH Ancients ON THE INTERNET N umiscellaneous Medieval www.vcoins.com/calgarycoin p.o. Box III Owosso. MI 48867 Anliquilies www.calgarycoin.com (989) 634-5415 • FAX (989) 634·9014 e- mail: calcoi ns@calgarycoin .com [email protected] "No One Sells Better for Less" +qIVrn:r,8 + Coins GA LLER I ES NUMIS!.tATICS cf PI/IUTELY ~• • • Anglo.Suon. Celtic coins areB:,:"~i the :;~:';~:: I Buying and Selling sector of the ancient coins market. them so cxcit ing and such good value? Ancient, Medieval and All any Chris Rudd catalogue· 12 a ycar. f eb. 13 - 1 4-- Bel~ i Show. Belial", Ci"k Worfd Coins Center. 1000 S. Rice A,·c. (HOUSlOO) ill uitnltcd. 6 with an icles - and you'll sec . '!' ':'.~ I Feb. 19-21 - lnk'mulional Coin Cl ubofEl Paso. EI the only list that lists only Celtic. Chris COllections wamad Maida Shrine. 6JJI Alabama. EI Paw. TX pe Bo~ 222. Aylsham, Norfolk GB·NRll 6TY. Murch 25·28- ANA National Money Show. Fl. "We caler to off collectors. Worth Convention Cent er. ft. Worth. TX tel (+44) 1263 735 007 begillller (h rol/gll adl'tlllced" /ax (+44) 1263 73 1 777 www.civitasgalleries.com web W"V\'V. Servillg Tex(/s f ull-time !iil/ce 1995 6800 Uni versity Ave P.O. Box 12483 Middlelon, WI 53562 Austin, TX 787 11 ·2483 Te l: 608.836.1 777 Fax: 608.836.9002 Tcl.: SI24U·7158: t.-mail: IlKa1m @aoI.rom fHl' lARGEST SELECTION OF ORTlHlD (;ow COINS OF THE '''ORID Send/orOl4r cu"t nt prict list o/NGCflCGf PCGS Ihjrd·ptJrty Cfrtified & grtUkd andelll & ""odd gaUl coins or I"jsit Ollr website: Speaoolizins_Como in Ancient R...... j",pcn.I. www.sleinbe.-gs.com tm""'"",,"""'. 19 0·i0110 OO". ldorl. Genna.,. T. LOO49·111 · l61BOO STEINBERG'S, INC. N"mismatic Gold Sp«iJJIi,,, Sin" 1951) S.nl Coin" LI.C (Member. ANA ANS, ACCG) F>x:0049.2 11·)6780 lS PO Bo. 510891· Now Berlin, WI 53151-0891 - USA E· M, il: info@m",nu n·riuer.com p.o. Box 5665 Dept. TC, Cary, NC 27512·5665 Zach Beasle1 - beastcoinS@vcoI ns.com E:~ TeI ~919-363-5544 ' Fax: 919-363{l555 Sales: www.vcoinS.comibeaslcoinl I XI'I R I "INl I l<)hX e E-mail: [email protected] lem February 2010 53 Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) PRICE LIST OF ANCIENT COINS We offer frequeli/ A"c;em Barga;" Price list.\" ;~ which coma;" a niee seieelio" oflhefollowing: Ancienl Grcc~ (0;;'0; ,,"",' " '''o,''~) ~>• Greek Imperial Coim Collecting Ancient Greek Coins Roman Egyptian Coins JudaeaJl & Biblical Coins by Paul Rynearson Coin' orthe Roman ~oc"rn",o; Order your signed copy from the Coins of the Th'ch'c Caesars R(}man Republic Co i n~ · Roo,," ll m"'ri"~(";"' author: $33 postpa id. Sole ly Byzantine lmperi"! Coin~· Early coin~ of domestic orders; personal checks England . Scotland. & Ireland ' Anglo-Gallic or money orders only. Write for Y"''' free copy of 01" Imestllorgaill • Price List ofAncie,,/ Co;m Dr. Paul Rynearson [)ealerJ ill Ancien! coim Jinee 1965 P.O. Box 4009 M& RCOINS Malibu, CA 90264 P.O. Box 7 www.Paul.Rynearson.com Palos Park, lL 60464-0007 Numismatic Dealer since 1967 (708) 430-1445 Fax (708) 636·4247 lonathan K. Kern Co. Bachelor of ArL-;, Numismatics Ancient, Medieval, Early America n Numismatics NUMISMATIK Specialists in LANZ Ancient, Medieval MONCHEN and World Coins Dr. Hubert Lanz Luitpoldblock, Maximiliansplatz 10 P.O. BO X 2210 D-80333 Munchen, Germany North Bend, WA 441 S. Ashland J~ Tel. (49) (89) 29 90 70 ~~ ~ Fax, (49) (89) 22 07 62 ~~ 98045 Lexington, KY 40502 (859) 269-1614 www.lanz.com '\I..... , •• Tel. (425) 831-8789 Email: [email protected] Ancient 10 Modern Coins around (he clock [email protected] www.J KernCoins.com at www.taxfreegold.de Warden M&Jvf Numismatics, LLC ,}{umismatics, .Lta. Specialists on Coinages of Greece, Rome, the Near East, Early Central Asia & India Islamic & Oriental Fixed Price Lists Coins Derek P. B. Warden Public Sales· Appraisals Classical Numismatist Buying and Selling www.vcoins.com/ P.O. Box 121 Contact Lucien Birkler najafcoins Wyncote. PA 19095 USA P.O. Box 65908 e-mail: [email protected] Washington, D .C. 20035 www.najafcoins.com Tel.lFax: 2 15-884-6721 Tel. 202-833-3770 ' Fax 202-429-5275 54 The Celator Professional Directory ( Coins ) C_____ ~C~o~in=s~ __~) ( Coins ) Visiting: San Francisco? AMPHORA The Silicon VaUey? Pegasi J ewish· Biblical Stanford University? NUMISMATICS Greek· Roman TREASURE Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA Coins· Weights Visit ... ISLAND Classicalllumismatists serving heginners Ihm adranced collectors Antiquities· Jewelry We carry a large inventory of Ancients as well as the largest Free Illustrated Catalogs Free illustrated list Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. available upon request Classical Greek, Roman, TREASURE ISLAND Byzantine, and Medieval " We wrote the book 3703 EI Camino Real Coins, Books & Antiquities on Biblical coins!" Palo Alto, CA 94306 P.O. Box 131040 AMPHORAe~) (650) 855-9905 Ann Arbor, MI48113 l:f.. P.O.So.. 80S ~\ email: [email protected] ~_ Ny"k.NY 10960 ' ~ . tj Phone: (734) 995-5743 ,":j - 84S · )S8 · n 6~ :,t(. (jIIf;ip www.ticoinS .com Fax: (734) 995-3410 ~AmphonCoin'@3"-. ANCI ENT RARE COINS IMPORTS ~~;F1~7§ --~~ Specializil1g il1 the Coinage oj Judaea WWW.ANCIENTIMPORTS.COM CELTIC. ROMAN. EASTERN. * Ancient • BIBLICAL. GREEK, BYZANTINE * Medieval SPECIALIZING IN CELTIC COINS * Modern ~.'" Siamak Ahghari OF AN,,, "IT Numismatist William M . Rosenblum. llC Coins of Greek, Roman, P.O. Box 785 L ittleton, CO 80160-0785 Se/e!lCid, Byzmltine, elc. Phone: (720) 98 1-0785 or (303) 91 0-8245 Sj)ecUllizmg in Eas/ern CQilWge Fax: (720) 98 1-5345 P.o. Box %67, San Jose. CA 95 157 GRAND MARAIS, MN 55604 E-mail: BilJ @Rosenblumcoins.com tel: 4O!t590.4815 fax : 408.867.0950 MARC@ANCIENTIMPORTS.(OM www.rosenblumcoins.com email: il1 fo @parscoins.com Kenneth W. Dorney (l[:la!iliiral ftumilimati!it COIN AUCTIONS Greek, Roman, Byzantine Italian Coins Papal Coins Papal Medals On the Web Since 1995: www.artemideaste.com www.coolcoins.com M ....""- ...... " .I. P.O. Bo x 493362 v ~ A. G""<" . • " .. Doa;.... "'[>ObJ", o(S.. M ...... Redding, CA 96049-3362 T", .•.",,,,,,.,,,,,,,J" ",..9 February 2010 55 Professional Directory (~_..::C:.::o~in~s..::&::..::B",oo:::k~s,---~) (~ __~C~o~in~s~&~B~o~o~k~s ___ ) ( Coins & Shows ) Ancient Coins, WEISS Antiquities, Literature COI.I.ECfABI.E & Related Collectibles! SALFS Bought, Sold and Auctioned! ANCIENT' MEDIEVAL'EARLY FOREIGN QUA LITY COINS FOR EVERY BUDGET On~ ()fl" ~ Olde_" Firm, in 'he Us. dealing i" A,wiel1t Coin.,1 VISIT OUR TABLE AT THESE SHOWS: In"m",i",,~l As"''-'ur''''' elf I" o/""o.wl N"misma,isu m KIRK DAVIS Irish Coins & Paper Money Classical Cash 40· Page Price Lis! includes: Gold Ring Money, Classical Numismatics Medieval Si lverCoi nage.lrisll Siege Money, Greek· Roman · Celtic Iri,1l Coppers including Gun Money in Si lver. Numismatic Literature Cross Lisled Irish Colonial American Cop· pers, Free SlMe Coinage including Morbiducci Illustrated Catalogues issued regularly Always Buying!!! Paltems ~nd Pr{)(}fs, Irish Art Medals, Irish Top dollar paid for single coin~ Paper Money. or entire cullections Visit our web-site at Post Oflicc Box 324 Del Parker Claremont, CA 91711 USA www.oldromancoins.com email: irishcoins2000@ h()\ mail .c()m (909) 625-5426 1·206·232·2560 www.vwil1s.comlkirkdavis (413) 519-5148 P.O. Box 7568, Dallas. TX 75209 210 Maple Street ( Clubs & Societies ) Springfield, MA 011 05 sRhinx . E-mail: NumIsmatIcs [email protected] WIN orie ntal Greek • Isla mic • Parthian Women In Www.vcoins.comlsphinx Numis TEL. 905-947-0954 matics [email protected] WIN is a non CANADA ( Numismatic Services) profit organization dedicated to lhe promolion of numismatics (1 n the United States sinee 1980) among women through encour LONDON COIN agement, education and net GALLERIES worki ng. For further informa tion, please contact our Presi of Mission Viejo dent , Lorra ine S . Weiss, at Specializing in ancient [email protected] or hoards and large collections 702-202-4300. The Sh()ps at Mission Viejo ON1JNI Rff""~IJ. , AliP.iB!.Jik)l 0V ~!llnox Slit Suitc 27, Missi()n VicJo, CA 9269 1 f()l AHOOIi GP.iEli. RQftI' ! 1i11I. 56 The Celator Celator Classifieds 01 Tbe Raad - Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each additional word, . . . n. CeiIIOr', STLLL LOOKING for a special book FOR SALE: I ,OOO+Ancienl, Medieval ~ . sa •• & Cllb on ancient or foreign coins? Please visit and World Coins and medals at SCaedlle OU f www.civitasgallerics.com. We also buy ~ website: www.vandcrdusse n. com. Feb. 22-26- Celator Office Van der Dussen - Numismatic Books, collections. Please olTer: 608-836- 1777. [ 1011 01 C losed . Will not be returning Witmakcrsstraat t4-A, 62 11 18 Maas phone calls or e-mails this week. tricht, Netherlands. [0711 0J ArtisOpusGallery.com. Ancient Coi ns March 5-6-Whitman Coin & MAHOGANY COIN CAB INETS. and Antiquities. Antiquarian Engravings Collectibles Ba ltimore Expo, and Books. [04/10 1 MO Handcrafted. Compact size. Infonnation Convention Center, Baltimore. 3-Red Rose Coin Club and images: www.Cabinets ByCraig.net April or: Cabincts [email protected]. or Spring Show, Farm & Home Cen ter, Lancaster, PA wri te: P.O. Box 123 1, Frisco. Texas April 22-25-Chicago Interna 75034104110] tional Coin Fair, Crown Plaza Ch icago O'Hare, Rosemont, IL Say you read it in Display Adver ~ The Celator tising Rates ~ Targeted directly to collectors Professional Directory Ad Rates: of ancient and 1x3 size = 2-3/16"w x 2-7/8"h = only $30 medieval coins 1x2 size = 2-3/16"w x 1-7/8"h = only $23 and antiquities. Signature ads only, no direct sale offerings. 10% Discount on annual contracts. 1/6 Page - $100 Professional Directory ads get results! 1/3 Page - $175 The Celator 112 Page - $250 Full Page - $500 III P.O. Box 10607, Lancaster, PA 17605 ~ (single insertion prepaid rates) TeVFax: (717) 656-8557· E-mail: [email protected] Annual contract & multiple insertion Notes for Authors & Contributors discounts available All contributions to Tile Celntor leases and rights are submitted at Call or write for more are welcome and encouraged. As the time of publication. information or a copy of a popular journal, it is our goal to Manuscripts should be submit our current ralc card! serve as a venue to educate and en ted in Microsoft Word format, and tertain our readers, and to provide can be sent as an e-mail attach a forum for the interchange o f ment. Please contact the editor for ideas. The editor does reserve the additional information about pho right to ed it a nd/ or modify any tographs and other illustrations. submission to insure compliance Please do not send photographs as with our editorial policies. We can e-mail attachments before contact not guarantee the publication of ing the editor first. The Celator any submjssion. Preference w ill be Manuscripts and illustrations P.O. Box 10607 can also be sent to the Editor c/o given to original, previously un Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 published material, but previously Tile CeIator, P. O . Box 10607, Lan published articles, etcetera arc caster, PA 17605-0607 or Tel/Fax (717) 656-8557 welcome provided the proper re- [email protected]. Email: [email protected] February 2010 57 Club & Society Directory Aacient Coin Club Twill Cities Orange Count~ ot Chicago Anciellt Coin Club Meets the 4'" Monday of the Meets the 4 110 Thursday of the OCACC month at 7:30PM at Immanuel month (except Dec.) at 6pm at Ancient Coin Club Lutheran Church, 104 Snelling the research library of Harla n J. Ave., one block south of Grand The OCACC mms on tho 4th Saturday of the -" Berk, Ltd. at 77 W. Washington, from 1:)0..4:3I)PM 01 the F_in Volley Public Ave. in S1. Paul, MN. For more l ib.. ry . The library ;.10<110<1 o! 17635 1.00 AI."..,. 13'h Floor, in downtown Chi~ information, please visit the club's Stree1 in fountain V:oIIty. PI .... """tact BmI Telford cago. For illjormalioll, please II (909) \l6~·2909 or 01 [email protected] fOf website at www.linyurl.com/ det.oil. on future meeting .. write: ACCC w5wkn...... ,...soc.koin •.com!OCACC.btm P.O:)lox 4.1 1933 , C~cago, IL60641- 1933. www.ancicnt-CfJin-clulKhicago.com DA WN :J/nc/enl Xum/smaiI"c Please join our monthly d is- Denver Area World r.5ociely oj72JCZS£Z"nyIOIl) 7JC cussion of Greek. Roman a nd Numismatists Usually meets the 3m SWlday of each Biblical coins and anti quities. Meets the 1&t Friday of each month month at 2:00pm. Please join us for our at 7PM al Calvary Chapel located at 9052 W. Ken Caryl Ave near So. programs and discussions of ancient nu An cient CoinC lub Garrison Street in Littleton , Colo mismatics and history. For more infor rado. For collectors of Ancient, Me mation, plcasecontact First Consul Mike of Los Ang etes dieval and World coins. All are wel Mehalick at 301-552-2214, GENlOA VGVSTI@):omcastnetorvisit nd QQJIl.e.LCafi Bill Rosenblum at 720- Meets the 2 Sunday of the 981 -0785 for further information. http://answ.ancicnts.info. month a t Ipm at the Town Hall in the Balboa Mission Shopping Center in Gran VANCOUV£RANOENT ada Hills, CA. For more in COIN CLUB formation, p lease v isit 1be Vancouver. BCAncieni Coin http://www.accla,Qr g . Club usually meets the second Sunday of each month from 2· 4 pm at the McGill Branch of the Burnaby Library, 4595 San Francisco Ancient Albert Street, Burnaby, near Willingdon and Hastings. For Numismatic Society more information. contact Paul Meets the 2m1 Saturday of each at 604·314·4976 or ema il month at 2: lSpm at Fort Ma son, San Francisco. Guests are welcome. For further infomm Classical Numismatic Assodatio" of Det>ic...re~ tion, please contact the club at Society of the 13\jza"ti"c Collectors SF ANS@ancient-coin s.com . Delaware Valley Meets Saturday at 11:00 AM at major Meets the 2nd Saturday of each events: January NYINC, Summer ANA, with guest speaker and mutual month at I :OOpm at Camden PAN - The Pacific display of treasures. Annual dues are County Library, 15 MacArthur S 1O. Contact th e Empress at Ancient Numismatists Blvd., Westmont . NJ 08 108. For [email protected]. Dues to Meets the 2"" Sunday information, please call Dick ADBC. P.O. Box 585, Okemos, MI of the month at 1:O Opm Shu liz at (856) 667-0346. 48805-0585; (5 17) 349-0799. al the Bellevue Public Library in Bellevue, WA. For further infor Wayne G. Sayles. mation write to PAN at Ancient Coin Executive Director P.O. Box 1384, Langley, WA 4 17·679-2 142 98260. www.pnna.org/pa n Collectors Guild ~ http://l.VWI... .accg.us P.O. Box 9 11 Dues are $35 per year, please Join a Club & Enjoy Gai ne5vi ll e, MO 65655 se nd to ACCG, P.O. Box 911, Your Hobby Even More! Gainesville. MO 65655 58 The Celator lNDEX OF DISPlAY ADVERTISERS fJJ@wfJJ@O Now Available for Album, Stephen. 52 Ama'K:an Kennel Club 60 Amphora.. 47.55 Subscription Payments Ancient Coin Mar1 ~------~ February 2010 59 Numismata Cont. from page 42 demand is for coins and medals from price ranges, f rom one Eu ro to the Tsar era, which were previously 10,000 Euros and more. non-sellers for many coin dealers. Numismata Munich is now the larg cation again in 1992, when the fair With special events, for example, est coin exchange in the world, and, for moved to the exhibition center of Mu such as an exhibition by the official many visitors, it has an appeal that is nich, on the Theresienwiese hill. A to Austrian mint or even a counterfeit ser equal to or even greater than that of tal of 1,800 square meters were avail vice with specialists and information the famous Oktoberfesl. able here. From this venue , Numismata sharing, Erich Modes is increasing the Munich initiall y moved to a very spacious attractiveness of Numismata Munich, Severan Dynasty Topic hall in the new exhibition center in Riem, which has now led to similar events un then finally to its present accommoda der Mr. Modes' direction in Berlin, Frank of December 2009 tion in the M.O.C. in Freimann with an furt a. M. and particularly Vienna. ACCLA Meeting area of 3,800 square meters. Erich Modes is proud that a few In recent years, the number of visi dealers now commission interior de LOS ANGELES, CA- " Savoring tors has fluctuated between 3,500 and signers to design their stalls. Further the Severans" was the topic of the 5,000, although there is an obvious, more, Modes always tries to provide a December meeting of the Ancient constantly increasing trend. Around special attraction, even for the young Coin Club of Los Angles (ACCLA) as 250 to 300 dealers assemble on each er visitors and to inspire them to col Randy Butler d iscussed the coins day with their tables and booths. lect old, historic coins and medals. and history of the Severan dynasty The collectors and dealers come Overall, among his visitors, he has es of the Roman Empire. Beginning with from all over Germany and ne ighbor tablished a strong interest in all old and Pertinax in 193 AD, to set the scene, ing countries, such as Austria, Italy and even new currencies, since the intro he led club members through fifteen Switzerland as wel l as from England, duction of the Euro coins (2002). men and women who made up the dy France, Spain and the USA. In recent Nonetheless, old coins and med nasty. Along the way, Randy illustrat years, the number of visitors from the als are not just interes ting historical ed his talk with photographs of sign ifi former eastern block has also seen sources- there are original pieces cant coins of the period. These were continuous growth. These visitors are from the time of the ancient Greeks, supplemented with photographs of his led by the Russians in fi rst place and Romans, and Celts, from the Middle to ri cal sites that he has visited such as the Poles in second place, followed by Ages, and from the Thirty Yea rs' War Pergamon and Carrhae. the Czechs, Hungarians and those (1618-1648), from the French Revo Coming between the "adoptive from the Baltic States such as Latvia lution, and from the German Im peri emperors" and the decline of the Em and Lithuania. Buying behavior has al era with its many federal states. pire, the Severan dynasty was char also changed accordingly. Today, the Coins and medals are avail able in all acterized by Randy as one of the most shameful moments of the Em pire . Coins of interest were a sester t ius and denarii of Septimiu s Severus, a sestertius of Geta and When you own a Caracalla shaking hands, and a ses Good Boy tertius of Caracalla showing the Cir dog like Marley cus Maximus. Randy also comment Bad Boy. you get both. ed that women essentially ran the Empire for some 17 years during this period. Randy concluded with coins of Severus Alexander and commented that coins of this dynasty are inter esting and relatively inexpensive, suggesting this as a rewarding area for collectors . Club officers elected for 2010 are: President- Mark Westerline; Vice Pres ident- Roger Burry; Secretary-David Stepsay; and Treasurer-Barry Right man. The 2010 Board of Directors was also elected: Ken Friedman ; Mike Con nor; Paul Ranc; Merrill Gibson; and Past President- Bob Effler. The ACCLA meets at 1 PM on the second Sunday of each month. Fu ture programs include "Empresses of the Roman Empire," "Coins of the Bactrian Empire," and "Turkey-Car ia and the Upper Maeander." Guests are always welcome. For more infor mation, please see the ACCLA ad on page 58 of this issue. 60 The Celator .CNGCOINS.COM • COIN SHOp· GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE MEDIEVAL - WORLD - BRITISH Inventory regularly updated • ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS. 24 auctions a year, featuri ng 300-500 lots per sale • PRINTED AUCTIONS· View and place bids online in our printed sales • AUTOMATED WANT LISTS. Receive notifications on specific items you want as soon as they are available - no obligation • BOOK LIST· Over 150 titles on Ancient, British, and World coins • RESEARCH· Searchable archives on over 67,000 coins we have sold • Subscriptions are available. For our printed catalogs - consult the web site • Company Goals. Customer Service · Excellence in Research & Photography • Consignments· Accepted for the printed and electronic auctions • Buying· All the time · Ancient - World to 1800 - British Classical Numismatic Group, Inc Post Office Box 479 • Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17608-0479 Tel: (7 17) 390-9194. Fax: (7 17) 390-9978 [email protected] TWO SELECTIONS FROM OUR VAST INVENTORY (BOTH ARE PUBLISHED IN 100 GREATEST ANCIENT COINS BY HARLAN BERK) Lampsacus: .....- ...~...- 394 - 350 BC Gold Stater Head of Actaeon $275,000 Orophernes 161 - 159 BC Finest Helenistic Tetradracm $145,000 HARLAN J. BERK, LTD. 31 North Clark Street, Chicago, IL. 60602 312-609-00 18 phone I 312-609-1309 fax I www. hjbltd.com Dealers in ancient coins, antiquities, world coins, U.S. coins, paper money, autographs and bullion
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