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O1 — Indigenous Cultural Heritage

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O1 — Indigenous Cultural Heritage O1 — Indigenous Cultural Heritage AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE VAUES OF THE PROPOSED CAVAL RIDGE MINE AREA, BMA BOWEN BASIN COAL GROWTH PROJECT, prepared by Elizabeth Hatte Northern Archaeology Consultancies Pty Ltd PO Box 118 Castletown QLD 4812 in consultation with BBKY#4 Native Title Claimants c/- Woora Consulting Lot 1, Powell’s Road Farleigh. Qld 4741 on behalf of BM Alliance Coal Operations Pty Ltd. PO BOX 15009 City East. Qld. 4002 JANUARY 2008 VERSION 1.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Description.........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Cultural Heritage Terms of Reference .....................................................................................3 1.3 Consultative Framework ..............................................................................................................4 2. CULTURAL HERITAGE LEGISLATION ................................................................. 5 2.1 Burra Charter ...................................................................................................................................5 2.2 State Legislation ..............................................................................................................................6 2.2.1 The Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 (Queensland) .......................................................... 6 2.2.1.1 Extent of Protection .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1.2 Duty of Care Guidelines................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.1.3 Penalties............................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1.4 Cultural Heritage Management Plan ........................................................................................ 9 2.2.1.5 The Register and Site Database .................................................................................................10 2.2.1.6 Indigenous Cultural Heritage (CH) Bodies ...........................................................................10 2.2.2 The Queensland Heritage Act 1992.....................................................................................................10 2.3 Federal Legislation...................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)..............11 2.3.2 Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975‐1990..........................................................................13 2.3.3 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) Heritage Protection Act 1986....................13 2.4 Cultural Significance Assessment ........................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 Scientific (archaeological) Significance Assessment....................................................................15 2.4.2 Sites/Places of Significance to Traditional Owners......................................................................15 3. THE STUDY AREA AND EXISTING DISTURBANCE .............................................17 3.1 Geology............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2 Water ............................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Vegetation ...................................................................................................................................... 21 3.4 Animals............................................................................................................................................ 24 4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................25 5. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ..................................................................32 5.1 Research and Carbon dates ...................................................................................................... 32 5.2 Consultancy reports................................................................................................................... 34 5.2.1 Previous archaeological work in adjacent areas............................................................................35 5.2.1.1 Peak Downs ........................................................................................................................................35 5.2.1.2 Goonyella Riverside ........................................................................................................................36 5.2.1.3 Grosvenor............................................................................................................................................37 5.2.1.4 Moranbah South ...............................................................................................................................38 5.2.1.5 Isaac Plains..........................................................................................................................................38 5.2.1.6 Eagle Downs .......................................................................................................................................39 5.2.1.7 Saraji ......................................................................................................................................................39 5.2.2 Previous work in the Caval Ridge Mine Lease ................................................................................40 5.3 Discussion and Predictions....................................................................................................... 40 6. FIELD SURVEY METHODOLOGY.......................................................................43 6.1 Methodology.................................................................................................................................. 43 6.2 Survey Constraints...................................................................................................................... 46 7. CULTURAL HERITAGE RESULTS ......................................................................49 7.1 Stone Artefacts.............................................................................................................................. 50 7.2 Knapping (flaking) floors .......................................................................................................... 52 7.3 Scarred trees ................................................................................................................................. 53 7.4 Stone Extraction Site (quarry)................................................................................................. 56 Plate 8. .Silcrete extractions site No. 270............................................................................................. 56 7.5 Fireplaces ....................................................................................................................................... 56 7.6 Historic Feature............................................................................................................................ 58 7.7 Information from State Site Register and Database ......................................................... 59 7.8 Summary of Issues....................................................................................................................... 59 8. SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................61 9.2 Cultural Heritage Management Plan...................................................................................... 64 9.3 General Recommendations....................................................................................................... 66 10. REFERENCES ...............................................................................................67 FIGURES 1. Project Location Plan (map courtesy BMA). 2. Project Location Overview (map courtesy BMA). 3. Caval Ridge Mine and Infrastructure Footprint (map courtesy BMA). 4. Caval Ridge Mine and Land Ownership (map courtesy BMA). 5. Maps 1-4 showing location of sites. PLATES 1. Dammed section of Harrow Creek 20 2. View of Horse Creek among rgrowth 21 3. Waterbody west of Heyford Pit. 22 4. Four view of cleared landscape north of Peak Downs Highway 24 5. Advanced erosion along Cherwell Creek 47 6. Various recently broken grindstones and mullers in project area 51 7. Martin Budby measuring Scarred tree No 107. 55 8. Silcrete extractions site No. 270. 56 9. View of Aboriginal fireplace Site No. 322 57 10. Two view of basalt historic feature Site No.262 58 APPENDICES 1. Summary of cultural heritage results 2. List of Field Survey personnel and survey attendance 3. Glossary of Archaeological terms 4. Draft Indigenous Burial Policy (Qld Department of Natural Resources and Water). 5. Sites on State Database (Letter from Department of Natural Resources and Water) 6. Catalogue of artefacts salvaged from Heyford Pit extension area. TABLES 1. List of vegetation species in the region with known traditional uses 22/23. 2. Radiocarbon
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