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Fereidoon Owfi Ph.D, Thesis (2015).Pdf A review on systematic and taxonomic of the Persian Gulf fish species, based on geographical distribution pattern and habitat diversity, using by GIS Item Type thesis Authors Owfi, Fereidoon Publisher Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Ecology Download date 06/10/2021 11:28:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35852 أ ب داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﻌﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺻﺎﻟﺖ رﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻳﻨﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﺮﻳﺪون ﻋﻮﻓﻲ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ دﻛﺘﺮي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ در رﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي درﻳﺎ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ 5 / 8 / 1394 از رﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان "ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ (GIS)" ﺑﺎ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﺮه 20 و درﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ دﻓﺎع ﻧﻤﻮده ام ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮم: 1) اﻳﻦ رﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻳﻨﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻮده ودر ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ از دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﻲ وﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ دﻳﮕﺮان (اﻋﻢ از ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، ﻛﺘﺎب، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ و) ... اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮده ام، ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ وروﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻧﺎم ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده وﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت آن را در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ذﻛﺮ و درج ﻛﺮده ام. 2) اﻳﻦ رﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ "ﺑﺮاي درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ (ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ، ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ) درﺳﺎﻳﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. 3) ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ از ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ، ﻗﺼﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري اﻋﻢ از ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺘﺎب، ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع و ... از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ، از ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﻮزﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را اﺧﺬ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ. 4) ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻼف ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻮق ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮد، ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ازآن را ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮم و واﺣﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻨﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ وﻣﻘﺮرات رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﻤﻮده و درﺻﻮرت اﺑﻄﺎل ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ام ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ادﻋﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﻢ داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ: ﻓﺮﻳﺪون ﻋﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ و اﻣﻀﺎء: 7/ 10/ 1394 ج داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻨﻮن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ، ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي درﻳﺎ رﺳﺎﻟﻪ دﻛﺘﺮي رﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي درﻳﺎ ( Ph.D ) ﻋﻨﻮان: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ (GIS) اﺳﺘﺎد راﻫﻨﻤﺎ: دﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺿﺎ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻲ اﺳﺘﺎدان ﻣﺸﺎور: دﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﻲ دﻛﺘﺮ Brian W. Coad ﻧﮕﺎرش: ﻓﺮﻳﺪون ﻋﻮﻓﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ 1394 د ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰاري ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻲ داﻧﻢ ازﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ، اﺳـﺎﺗﻴﺪ، ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ﻣﺤﺘﺮم ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻨﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻧﻤﻮده و در اﺟﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ آن ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﺎي ﻻزم را ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آورده اﻧﺪ، ﺗﺸﻜﺮ و ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰاري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ. ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ اﺳـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻼش ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از آﻧﻬﺎ در اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ آﻣﻴﺰ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺛﻤﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑـﻮده و ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ را در روﻧﺪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ . ـ اﺳﺘﺎد ﻣﺤﺘﺮم راﻫﻨﻤﺎ، ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺿﺎ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻲ و ﻣﺸـﺎوران ﻣﺤﺘـﺮ م ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎﻳﺎن دﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﻲ و Brian W. Coad. - ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و اﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﺤﺘﺮم ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي درﻳﺎ ، رﻳﺎﺳﺖ، ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﻣﺤﺘﺮم داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻨﻮن درﻳـﺎﻳﻲ - داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ، واﺣـﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت- ﺗﻬﺮان. - ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي دﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﻲ رﻳﺎﺳﺖ اﺳﺒﻖ و ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي دﻛﺘـﺮ ﻣﺤﻤـﺪ ﭘﻮر ﻛﺎﻇﻤﻲ رﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺘﺮم ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺷـﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸـﻮر ، و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﻴﻦ، ﻣﺪﻳﺮان، ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﮔﺮاﻣﻲ آن ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﻛـﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﻮب ﻛﺸﻮر. - ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ، ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﮔﺮاﻣﻲ در ﺳﺘﺎد ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺷﻴﻼت اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨـﺎدر و درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻓﻼت ﻗﺎره و واﺣﺪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﻌـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺳـﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺟﻨـﻮب ﻛﺸﻮر و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ . ه ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ: ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت زﻳﺒﺎ ﺳﺮﺷﺖ ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎر و ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺻﺒﻮري و د ﻟﮕﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ و ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰم و ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﻤﺎره ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه......................................................................................................................................................... 1 ﻓﺼﻞ اول: ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 1 - 1- ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1 - 1-1- ﻋﻠﻢ رده ﺑﻨﺪي ( Systematic)................................................................................................ 4 1 - 1-2- اﺻﻮل ﻋﻠﻢ رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن.................................................................................................... 4 1 - 1-3- وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس.......................................................................................... 8 1 - 1-3-1 - زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ....................................................................................................................... 10 1 - 1-3-2 - ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ............................................................................................................. 11 1 - 1-3-3 - آب و ﻫﻮا و اﻗﻠﻴﻢ................................................................................................................ 12 1 - 1-3-4 - ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ............................................................................................................ 12 1 - 1-3-5 - ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ............................................................................................................ 13 1 - 1-4- وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس................................................................................................ 13 1 - 1-4-1 - ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس................................................................... 14 1 - 1-4-2 - ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس......................................................................................... 15 1 - 2- ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ......................................................................................................................................... 15 1 - 3- ﺿﺮورت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ................................................................................................................................ 16 1 - 4- اﻫﺪاف............................................................................................................................................... 17 1 - 5- ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ........................................................................................................................................... 17 ﻓﺼﻞ دوم: ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 2 - 1- ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ.................................................................................................................................... 19 2 - 2- ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت.............................................................................................................. 20 2 - 2-1- ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﺸﻮر............................................................................ 22 2 - 2-2- ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت داﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر................................................................................ 27 ز ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم : روش اﺟﺮاي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 3 - 1- ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات آرﺷﻴﻮي..................................................................................................... 34 3 - 2- ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ (ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮزه اي)......................................................................................... 35 3 - 3- ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ (ﻣﻮزه اي)................................................................................................ 36 3 - 4- ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺻﻮل رده ﺑﻨﺪي (Systematic & Taxonomy).................... 42 3 - 4-1- ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي (Morphometric)..................................................................... 42 3 - 4-2- ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎر (Meristic).......................................................................................... 42 3 - 4-3- ﻋﺪم اﻣﻜﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي.................................................................................................. 42 3 - 5- ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ و ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن................................................................................................. 43 3 - 6- ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ........................................................................................................... 44 3 - 7- ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن............................................................................................................ 45 3 - 8- ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ......................................................................................................... 46 ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم: ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ داده ﻫﺎ 4 - 1- ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس................................................................................... 49 4 - 2- ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻻروي (Ichthyoplankton) ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس................................................ 78 4 - 3- ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮزه اي.......................................................................................... 78 4 - 4- ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس................................................................... 83 4 - 4-1- ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ زي (Pelagic habitats) .............................................................. 87 4 - 4-2- ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زي (Benthic habitats) ............................................................... 92 4 - 5- ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻮم زاد (Endemic) ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس....................................................................... 101 ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ: ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات 5 - 1- وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس........................................................................... 104 5 - 2- ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس............................................................................................. 104 5 - 3- ﺑﻮم زادي (Endemism) در ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس .......................................................................... 107 5 - 4- ﻧﻔﻮذ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس.................................................................................. 113 5 - 5- ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس............................................................................................. 113 ح 5 - 5-1- ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده...........................................................................................
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