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RADIO GLOBAL Radiokultur in Ländern Der „Dritten Welt“

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RADIO GLOBAL Radiokultur in Ländern Der „Dritten Welt“ ISSN 1619-5442 | Herausgegeben vom Institut für Medien und Kommunikation des Departments Sprache, Literatur, Medien SLM I der Universität Hamburg RADIO GLOBAL Radiokultur in Ländern der „Dritten Welt“ Hrsg. von Wolfgang Settekorn und Sigrid Kannengießer no _10 Danksagung: Ein ganz besonderer Dank der Herausgeber dieses Bandes der Hamburger Hefte zur Medienkultur gilt Anja Svenson: Sie hat nicht nur unter Mitarbeit von Meike Vogel für die Gestaltung des gesamten Layouts gesorgt, sondern auch als engagierte Leserin der Beiträge gründliche Korrekturarbeit geleistet und zahlreiche inhaltliche wie formale Verbesserungvorschläge gemacht. Verbliebene Mängel gehen mit Sicherheit nicht zu ihren Lasten. Impressum Universität Hamburg Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften Department für Sprache, Literatur, Medien - SLM I Studiengänge Medien- und Kommunikations- wissenschaft/ Medienkultur Hamburger Hefte zur Medienkultur (HHM) Preprints aus dem IMK - Institut für Medien und Kommunikation des Departments SLM I der Universität Hamburg Hrsg. von Ludwig Fischer, Knut Hickethier, Johann N. Schmidt und Wolfgang Settekorn in Zusammenarbeit mit Klaus Bartels, Joan Kristin Bleicher, Jens Eder, Bettina Friedl, Jan Hans, Corinna Müller, Hans-Peter Rodenberg, Peter von Rüden, Joa- chim Schöberl, Rolf Schulmeister, Harro Segeberg Gestaltung und Satz dieser Ausgabe: Anja Svenson unter Mitarbeit von Meike Vogel Druck: Print & Mail der Universität Hamburg ISSN 1619-5442 © IMK 2007 Anschrift des Studiengangs: Universität Hamburg Institut für Medien und Kommunikation Von-Melle-Park 6 20146 Hamburg Sekretariat: Tel: 040.42838-4816 Fax: 040.42838-3553 Web: http://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/ Medienprojekt/ RRADIOADIO GLOBALGLOBAL RRadiokulturadiokultur iinn LLändernändern dderer „„DrittenDritten WWelt“elt“ Hrsg. von Wolfgang Settekorn und Sigrid Kannengießer Inhalt Radio Global : Radiokulturen im medienwissenschaftlichen Blick (und Ohr). Einführende Bemerkungen (Wolfgang Settekorn und Sigrid Kannengießer) S. 8-14 Afrika I. Die Rolle des Radios für Women Empowerment im südlichen Afrika (Sigrid Kannengießer) S. 16-25 II. Radiolandschaft Senegal (Sandra Meyer) S. 26-35 III. Radio in Äthiopien (Teselem Andemariam) S. 36-42 Asien IV. Radio in Nepal (Meike Vogel) S. 44-53 V. Radio VERITAS Asia (Florian Bayer) S. 54-65 Latein- und Südamerika: VI. Schulradio in Honduras (Wolfgang Settekorn und Bettina Ausborn) S. 68-77 VII. Radio auf Jamaika. Music against Rassism (Gunnar Kornagel) S. 78-91 VIII. Radio in Brasilien. Radio Favela FM (Nicole Pestana Duarte, Annabela de Souca und Rahel de Silva) S. 92-99 IX. Radio in Kolumbien (Linda Paepcke und Laura Acosto) S. 100-109 X. Radio auf Kuba (Jana Mauer und Blanca Perez) S. 110-125 XI. Mapuche Radio: FM Pocahullo (Minerva Campion) S.126-131 _ 8 Radio Global Radio Global : Radiokulturen im medienwissenschaftlichen Blick (und Ohr). Einführende Bemerkungen Sigrid Kannengießer und Wolfgang Settekorn In der gängigen Mediennutzung der Mitteleuropäer spielen Wie man sieht, steht Unterhaltung im Vordergrund, zwei Dinge mit Sicherheit eine allenfalls untergeordnete dann kommen der regionale oder lokale Bezug und die Rolle: das Radio und die sogenannte „Dritte Welt“. Denn Aktualität dessen, wovon die Rede ist. Dass dazu vor das Radiohören fi ndet bei uns in aller Regel eher beiläufi g allem auch Berichte zu einzelnen Musikern oder Bands statt, und die Radioprogramme sind zumeist auf einen nach zählen, zeigen die durchweg im Stil von Boulevard- Musikstilen formatierten Musikteppich ausgerichtet, nach Blättern gestalteten WEB-Seiten der Sender, auf denen dessen Muster die jeweilige „Playlist“ webt. Die Slogans die Bilder eine beredte Sprache sprechen. Ansonsten der Sender bringen deren Selbstverständnis, das ganz fi ndet im Programm das gesprochene Wort hauptsächlich wesentlich durch die Konzeption ihres Musikprogramms in der Werbung, in Ankündigungen von Musiktiteln, bestimmt ist, auf den Punkt. Die folgenden Beispiele aus kurzen Talks und Hinweisen, in Comedy-Beiträgen sowie dem Raum Hamburg zeigen dies deutlich: im sogenannten „Service“ statt und damit in Form von Hinweisen auf Veranstaltungen, von Nachrichten, Wetter- Mehr Hits, mehr Abwechslung, mehr Schleswig-Holstein und Verkehrsmeldungen. Aber auch dort gilt das Gebot (RSH – Radio Schleswig Holstein) der Kürze. Der Mix macht´s (Radio Hamburg) Klingt anders (Delta Radio – Hamburg) „Die maximale Länge eines Events liegt bei 1´30 Min. Ihr gute Laune Radio (Oldie 95 – Hamburg) •Ausnahmen bestätigen die Regel. alsterradio 106,8 rock´n pop (Hamburg) •Beispiel: Alles in 1´30 zu schaffen. Gibt es aber zum Klassik Radio. Bleiben Sie entspannt Thema x eine Fülle von Brüller-O-Tönen, die das Thema schon allein tragen, können es auch zwei Minuten werden Die Musikwahl der Sender funktioniert nach dem Prinzip [...]“. Kann ein Reporter das spektakuläre Ende einer des Kaleidoskops: Die Playlist eines Senders setzt die dramatischen Geiselnahme LIVE schildern, kann die ins Programm passenden Teilchen in unterschiedlichen Länge des spannenden Berichts auch fünf Minuten sein. Folgen zusammen, wählt aus dem breiten Angebot neuer Bekommt der Reporter den Tod des Bundeskanzlers als Produktionen weniges an passendem Neuem; das meiste Augenzeuge mit, kann die Live-Reportage auch zehn bleibt „ungehört“, weil es nicht passt. Wortbeiträge Minuten dauern.“ oder gar Wortsendungen haben dabei fast keinen Platz, sie gelten als Störfaktoren, wie dies vor einigen Jahren Für Themen der Dritten Welt ist bei dieser Art Radio mit ein norddeutscher Privatsender in den redaktionellen der Ausrichtung auf den „Hier-Wert“ kein Platz; im Fall Hinweisen an seine Mitarbeiter zum Ausdruck gebracht des schon zitierten Privatsenders werden sie sogar explizit hat. Dort heißt es: ausgeschlossen: „Oberster Leitsatz: KISS – Keep it short und simple!!!!! „Grundsätzlich: Wort – egal in welcher Form – unterbricht Heißt konkret: nicht von hinten durch die Brust ins den Musikfl uß. Deshalb: Wenn wir etwas zu sagen haben, Auge. muß es den Hörer fesseln. Es darf auf keinen Fall ein Beispiel: die drei berühmten B´s (Burundi, Bogota, Abschalt- oder Umschaltfaktor sein. Bangladesch) sind kein (!) Thema für [Name des •Umsetzung: für den Bereich Wort gilt das ABS-System: Senders]. Aktuell – Bunt (inkl. Comedy) – Service. Im Klartext: Die Entlassung eines Hamas-Scheichs aus •Auswahlkriterien für die Themenauswahl: der israelischer Gefangenschaft, die Problematik von Bulemie Unterhaltungswert Hierwert, Nutzwert, Aktualität.“ im Allgemeinen oder Besonderen, die Demonstration der Fußkranken in Kuala Lumpur, die Zunahme der Magenverstimmungen bei Sträfl ingen der JVA in Lüneburg Radio Global _ 9 interessieren NIEMANDEN. werden, so sind doch manche der dort existenten Auch ein Flugzeugabsturz in Äthiopien ist nur dann Medien politisch, sozial und kulturell relevanter, als interessant, wenn Deutsche unter den Opfern sind. die gesellschaftsdominanten Massenmedien in den Denn: [Name des Senders] ist KEIN Auffangbecken Industrienationen. Die Betrachtung der beeindruckenden sozialer Randgruppen und Minderheiten.“ Radioarbeit in weniger entwickelten Ländern könnte zu einer Refl exion der deutschen Medien führen. Das Was hier locker, fl ockig, fl apsig und mit Ironie formuliert Potential des Mediums Radio könnte auch in Deutschland wird, bringt eine zynische Haltung zu all dem zum anders genutzt werden; deutsche Radiostationen (und Ausdruck, was nicht in das Konzept der privaten dieses gilt auch für die anderen deutschen Massenmedien) profi torientierten Medienwelt passen will, was den könnten vom Radio in weniger entwickelten Ländern Gleichlauf der Playlists privater Sender stören könnte. lernen. Was in der Welt geschieht, taucht allenfalls in den Meldungen der Kurznachrichten nach Maßgabe eines Medienwissenschaftlich gesehen mag es verständlich am Sensationellen orientierten „Nachrichtenwertes“ auf. sein, wenn man sich ein meist repetitives und oft nicht Die hier angesprochenen Formate sind international inhaltsreiches „Material“ gerade nicht als Gegenstand verbreitet und machen einen Großteil dessen aus, was für Forschung und Lehre wählt. Für die breitere tagtäglich weltweit an Radiosendungen ausgestrahlt und Auseinandersetzung mit dem Medium Radio entsteht gehört wird. so ein „blinder Fleck“ der bei näherem Hinsehen jedoch besonders dann auffällt, wenn man nicht nur danach Nun ist es wenig verwunderlich, wenn profi torientierte fragt, was man in europäischen Radios über die „Dritte Privatradios ihren Hörern geben, was diese wollen. Aber Welt“ erfährt, sondern auch die wichtige Rolle bedenkt, auch bei den öffentlich-rechtlichen Radios stehen derlei welche dem Radio in anderen Teilen der Welt zukommt. Themen nicht gerade im Mittelpunkt des Sendebetriebs; Und das allein schon deshalb, weil es in Produktion offensichtlich sinkt auch dort mit der geografi schen und und Empfang – im Vergleich mit Presse und TV - ein kulturellen Entfernung zumal dann das Interesse an einem kostengünstiges und leicht zu handhabendes Medium ist, Thema, wenn es nicht um Krieg, Tote und Katastrophen das dazu noch als dominant orales Medium, anders als geht. Für deutsche Hörer bildet die samstags im DLF von Print und Computer - auch ohne Schriftkenntnis benutzt 13.30 – 14.00 Uhr ausgestrahlte Sendung „Eine Welt“ da und genutzt werden kann. Angesichts der großen Armut schon eher die Ausnahme. und einer - damit verbundenen - mehr oder weniger hohen Auch wenn man diese Situation bedauern und kritisieren Analphabetenrate, ist das Radio in vielen Gesellschaften mag, kommt man nicht um die
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