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THE GENUS Eria Lindley THE GENUS ERiA LiNDLEY ( ORCHiDACEAE} IN THAILAND by Tem Smitinand, F.L.S., Chief, Sect'ion of Botany ctnd Zoology, Fm·est P1·oducts Resectrch DiV1:8'ion, Royal Fm·est DepM·tment. The present paper is an attempt to clarify the identity of the E'l"ict of Thailand, based on available literatm·e and herbarium material and on investigations in the field. An attempt has been made to work out ::m identification key to sections and species of the genus, and an enumer ation of the species known at present floom Thailanil is given, with an indication of thei1· occurencc. In the early part of 1957 I was inviterl by the Committee fo1· the Thai Danish Botanical Cooperation to spend a period of th1·ee months in Copenhagen to wor]~ together with the Danish botanists who were later to proceed to 'l'hai1and.. On my way back the Committee agr eed to my stay for a short p eriod at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, ·w h er e I had the opportunity to check references pertaining to the l)l'esent paper. '!'he author wishes to thank the Committee for this opportunity, without which this paper could not have been completed; h e also tenders his deep gratitude to the Directors and the staffs of the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew for giving him acces to the valuable collections and r ef er ences. Also his sincere thanks are clue to Mr. V.S. Summerhayes, Senior Scien­ tific Officer of the Herba1·ium in Kew, for kind assistance. :Finally' he wishes to convey his gratitude to I-I.E. Mr. Gunna1· Sei­ denfaden, the Danish Ambassacl01· to Thailand, editor of the Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, who helps much to accelerate the study of orchidology in 'l'hailand, and has supplied the illustl'ations and seen the paper tlnough publication. INTRODUCTioN Er·ia LINDLEY is in Thailand a comparatively sma1l genus of Ol'Chids, but its representatives are commonly founrl all over the country. Owing to the not very attractive flowers it is, however, not very well known by the orchid growers at home and abroad, it has al·ways . been considered a "botanical orchid". But some species :B.ower prolificly, an cl most species are not too difficult to grow in the Bangkok orchid houses, therefore, they should be quite worth while to cultivate. The genus comprises some 3-400 species spread over the area :from Cey 1on and India to the islands of the western Pacific, and from China and Japan to Mal aysia. So far some 40 species are known to occm· in Thailand, but undoubtedly future inves­ tigations will show that many more species are present, especially of the Indo-Burmese and Malayan elements. rrhe history o f' the genus probably goes back to 1750 -when RUMPHIUS (1750) 1 ) described two plants from Amboina under the genus Ang·raecwn, on e of these was late1· interpreted as Er'ict rnolttccana SCHL'rR. & J.S.S.,2) the other species is believed to be an Eria, of the section Tn:clwtosi,a. The generic name En:a goes back to 1825, when LINDLEY (1825) based it on the plant hitherto lmown as Dendrob'iwn javan-icwn SW., at present it is known rts Er"ict javetn'ica. (SW.) BL. The first r ecord of species of this genus from Thailand was made by KRAENZLIN (1900), when treating the Or·chidaceae in JOHANNES SCHMIDrr•s "Flora of Koh Chang". F.N. WILLIAMS (1904) lists seven species from rrhailand, and SCHLECHTER (1906 a & b ) added two more species, based on the collections made by Dr. HOSSEUS. Two more species ·were l ater published by SCHLECHrrER (1912,1914), found in the liv ing collections of BARON VON J!'UERS'rENB"E~RG at Mintard, and DOWNIE (1925) when publishing the manuscl'ipt of the late R.A. ROLFE, recorded another two new species. In the "Flar e 1) seelistofliterature 2) cf MERRILL(l917) tHE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 9 Generale de l'Indo•Ohine, GAGNEPAIN (1933 ) Jnentions a t.otal of 11 species from rrhailand. So far no one h as treated t he genns E1'ia in Thailand as a whole, Undoubtedly, the classification of E1'·ia is still not sat.is• factory, and a general revision is much needed; it is, however; beyond the scope of the present paper, limited as it is to the Thai species. The system a-pplied in this paper is a combination of those of KRAENZLIN ( 1911) and HOLTTUM ( 19 57 ), with some modificat ions. It cannot be claimed a phylogenetic one, but is hoped to be of some practical use for those who want to know the identity of the Thai plants. Due to pressure of other work, the l ack of experience of the author, · and the scanty r eferences available in Bangkolc, this paper mnst he consider ed incomplete and preliminary in many ways, and any criticism will be heartily welcome.- Like Denrhohium, Er•ict shows a g!'eat val'iability in the vegetative characters, creating considcrahlc con fusion in the nomenclature which has had to be faced. As an i1 1troduction, mention s hould be made of the author's conception of some species t r eated in this pape1·, ar>art from these rcmarl<s, notes may be found in the list of the individual species. 1. E?'ia pe·l'ptts·illa 1:' AR. & ROHB. :F. There arc many sheets in t.he Kcw Herbarium, collected in Thailand by Dr. A.l''.G. KERR, bearing the name E. peTpus•£lla PAR. & ROI-IB. :F . in his h andwriting, and they all agree well with the type specimen . They all came frorn a single locality, V1;z . Doi Suthcp in the Ohiengmai District. The plant in general appearance is. more like a Ph1·eatia than an E?"•ia, having the l ater al scape coming up from the base of the pseuclobulb, the calyx united at the basal part, forming a short tube and r emaining after the an thesis. GRAN'!' ( 1895, p. 159) treated this species under Plweatia, KH.AENZLIN ( 1911, p. 20) following BENTHAM'S conceptions placed this species in the section Conch·icli•um LINDL. It is rather difficult to examine the id Tein Smitinancl pollinia in the dry specimens, and a Jiving specimen seems to be r equired in order to prove its true id entity , therefot·e this epithet is r etained for the time being. 2. E1'"ia ex£li s HK.F. is the name given by HOOKER (1890, p. 785) ton. pl ant found in 'l'ravancore. The plants found by I-IOSSEUS at Doi Suthep and described by SOHLEOH'l'ER (1906 b, p. 170) under the nn.me E. mic1''01Jhyton n. sp. were transferred to E. e.r:Uis HK. F. by KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 21). I haY e not seen SOHLEOHTER's t ype sp P. cimens or ::tll)T specimens of E . e.'C'ilis from Thailand. Living specimens believed to be this species have been brought to Bangkok, but as they have not y et flowered, the epithet E. e.1:1;t1: s HK. F. is r etained for the time being. 3. E·n:a pnuescens WIGHT n.nll E . S'UfCJJens1:s ROLFE. In describing his new species ROLl!'E ( DOWNIE 1925, p. 37G) named as its nearest related species JCri a 1·ingens ROI-IB.l!'. , ::t very widespread species, which KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 74 ) placed in t h e same group as J!J. lJ'i'actescens LINDL.; but h e seems to overlook E . Jntbescens WIGHT. As I could not see n.n y striking diffe r encP. bet-ween E. 1ntuescens WIGT-rr and B. snte1?ensis H.OLJ!'E, for the time being I consider the two species as conspecific, r ef ering the materin.l of both to E. pHuescens WIGH'l'. 4. Er·ia t?·'ttncata LINDL., E. t1 ·ilamellata LINDL., and E. clwysolwnctea SOI-IUrR. all belong to the section Cyl1:ndrolobus BLUME. The diagnostic differ ences are ver y slight, such as the pubescent to puberulous flower s, the short slightly clavate to long, subcylindric pseudobulbs. All of them have the same shape of labellum, i.e. t runcate in profile ·with thick median disc. For the time being I consider them identicn.l, and, E. t? "uncatr" LINDL. having the antecedent, have r educed E. t?·irnell(l,trt LINDL. mlcl E . clwysob1·ar:tea SOI-ILTR. to ::; ynouyms. 5. Bria tomentosa LINDL. and E. fii?·stcnum·giana SOHLTR. I have not seen the t ype specimens of E. J1~?·stcnu C?' g ia nct SOI-IIJl'H.. and cloubt if it exists, as the ne\v species was based by THE GENUS ERIA L!NDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 11 SOHLEOHTER ( 1914, p. 132) on living specimens from the collection of BARON VON l!'UERSTENBERG, collected and sent to him from Thailand by HOSSEUS. Comparing the descriptions one gets the impression that the two species are identical, and I do not hesitate to reduce SOHLEOHTER's epithet to a synonym of E. tomentosa LINDL. 6. E1·ia albido-tornentosa ( BL.) LINDI . an(l E. flava LINDL. Both K.RAENZLIN (1911, p. 50 and 55 ) ancl GAGNEPAIN (1933, p. 347) treat these two species separately. Both are said to occur on the i\'[alayan peninsula (although E. jlcwa is not mentioned by I-IOLTrrUM (1957) from Malaya p1·oper, be it because he does not r ecognize it as a separate species, or the specimens earlier i lentifiecl as E.
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