THE LiNDLEY ( } IN THAILAND by Tem Smitinand, F.L.S., Chief, Sect'ion of Botany ctnd Zoology, Fm·est P1·oducts Resectrch DiV1:8'ion, Royal Fm·est DepM·tment.

The present paper is an attempt to clarify the identity of the E'l"ict of Thailand, based on available literatm·e and herbarium material and on investigations in the field. An attempt has been made to work out ::m identification key to sections and of the genus, and an enumer ation of the species known at present floom Thailanil is given, with an indication of thei1· occurencc. In the early part of 1957 I was inviterl by the Committee fo1· the Thai Danish Botanical Cooperation to spend a period of th1·ee months in Copenhagen to wor]~ together with the Danish botanists who were later to proceed to 'l'hai1and.. On my way back the Committee agr eed to my stay for a short p eriod at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, ·w h er e I had the opportunity to check references pertaining to the l)l'esent paper. '!'he author wishes to thank the Committee for this opportunity, without which this paper could not have been completed; h e also tenders his deep gratitude to the Directors and the staffs of the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew for giving him acces to the valuable collections and r ef er ences. Also his sincere thanks are clue to Mr. V.S. Summerhayes, Senior Scien­ tific Officer of the Herba1·ium in Kew, for kind assistance. :Finally' he wishes to convey his gratitude to I-I.E. Mr. Gunna1· Sei­ denfaden, the Danish Ambassacl01· to Thailand, editor of the Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, who helps much to accelerate the study of orchidology in 'l'hailand, and has supplied the illustl'ations and seen the paper tlnough publication. INTRODUCTioN

Er·ia LINDLEY is in Thailand a comparatively sma1l genus of Ol'Chids, but its representatives are commonly founrl all over the country. Owing to the not very attractive flowers it is, however, not very well known by the orchid growers at home and abroad, it has al·ways . been considered a "botanical orchid". But some species :B.ower prolificly, an cl most species are not too difficult to grow in the Bangkok orchid houses, therefore, they should be quite worth while to cultivate. The genus comprises some 3-400 species spread over the area :from Cey1on and India to the islands of the western Pacific, and from China and Japan to Mal aysia. So far some 40 species are known to occm· in Thailand, but undoubtedly future inves­ tigations will show that many more species are present, especially of the Indo-Burmese and Malayan elements. rrhe history o f' the genus probably goes back to 1750 -when RUMPHIUS (1750) 1 ) described two from Amboina under the genus Ang·raecwn, on e of these was late1· interpreted as Er'ict rnolttccana SCHL'rR. & J.S.S.,2) the other species is believed to be an Eria, of the section Tn:clwtosi,a. The generic name En:a goes back to 1825, when LINDLEY (1825) based it on the hitherto lmown as Dendrob'iwn javan-icwn SW., at present it is known rts Er"ict javetn'ica. (SW.) BL. The first r ecord of species of this genus from Thailand was made by KRAENZLIN (1900), when treating the Or·chidaceae in JOHANNES SCHMIDrr•s "Flora of Koh Chang". F.N. WILLIAMS (1904) lists seven species from rrhailand, and SCHLECHTER (1906 a & b ) added two more species, based on the collections made by Dr. HOSSEUS. Two more species ·were l ater published by SCHLECHrrER (1912,1914), found in the liv ing collections of BARON VON J!'UERS'rENB"E~RG at Mintard, and DOWNIE (1925) when publishing the manuscl'ipt of the late R.A. ROLFE, recorded another two new species. In the "Flar e

1) seelistofliterature 2) cf MERRILL(l917) tHE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 9

Generale de l'Indo•Ohine, GAGNEPAIN (1933 ) Jnentions a t.otal of 11 species from rrhailand. So far no one h as treated t he genns E1'ia in Thailand as a whole,

Undoubtedly, the classification of E1'·ia is still not sat.is• factory, and a general revision is much needed; it is, however; beyond the scope of the present paper, limited as it is to the Thai species. The system a-pplied in this paper is a combination of those of KRAENZLIN ( 1911) and HOLTTUM ( 19 57 ), with some modificat ions. It cannot be claimed a phylogenetic one, but is hoped to be of some practical use for those who want to know the identity of the Thai plants. Due to pressure of other work, the l ack of experience of the author, · and the scanty r eferences available in Bangkolc, this paper mnst he consider ed incomplete and preliminary in many ways, and any criticism will be heartily welcome.-

Like Denrhohium, Er•ict shows a g!'eat val'iability in the vegetative characters, creating considcrahlc con fusion in the nomenclature which has had to be faced. As an i1 1troduction, mention s hould be made of the author's conception of some species t r eated in this pape1·, ar>art from these rcmarl

1. E?'ia pe·l'ptts·illa 1:' AR. & ROHB. :F. There arc many sheets in t.he Kcw Herbarium, collected in Thailand by Dr. A.l''.G. KERR, bearing the name E. peTpus•£lla PAR. & ROI-IB. :F . in his h andwriting, and they all agree well with the type specimen . They all came frorn a single locality, V1;z . Doi Suthcp in the Ohiengmai District. The plant in general appearance is. more like a Ph1·eatia than an E?"•ia, having the l ater al scape coming up from the base of the pseuclobulb, the calyx united at the basal part, forming a short tube and r emaining after the an thesis. GRAN'!' ( 1895, p. 159) treated this species under Plweatia, KH.AENZLIN ( 1911, p. 20) following BENTHAM'S conceptions placed this species in the section Conch·icli•um LINDL. It is rather difficult to examine the id Tein Smitinancl pollinia in the dry specimens, and a Jiving specimen seems to be r equired in order to prove its true id entity , therefot·e this epithet is r etained for the time being.

2. E1'"ia ex£li s HK.F. is the name given by HOOKER (1890, p. 785) ton. pl ant found in 'l'ravancore. The plants found by I-IOSSEUS at Doi Suthep and described by SOHLEOH'l'ER (1906 b, p. 170) under the nn.me E. mic1''01Jhyton n. sp. were transferred to E. e.r:Uis HK. F. by KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 21). I haY e not seen SOHLEOHTER's t ype sp P. cimens or ::tll)T specimens of E . e.'C'ilis from Thailand. Living specimens believed to be this species have been brought to Bangkok, but as they have not y et flowered, the epithet E. e.1:1;t1: s HK. F. is r etained for the time being.

3. E·n:a pnuescens WIGHT n.nll E . S'UfCJJens1:s ROLFE. In describing his new species ROLl!'E ( DOWNIE 1925, p. 37G) named as its nearest related species JCri a 1·ingens ROI-IB.l!'. , ::t very widespread species, which KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 74 ) placed in t h e same group as J!J. lJ'i'actescens LINDL.; but h e seems to overlook E . Jntbescens WIGHT. As I could not see n.n y striking diffe r encP. bet-ween E. 1ntuescens WIGT-rr and B. snte1?ensis H.OLJ!'E, for the time being I consider the two species as conspecific, r ef ering the materin.l of both to E. pHuescens WIGH'l'. 4. Er·ia t?·'ttncata LINDL., E. t1 ·ilamellata LINDL., and E. clwysolwnctea SOI-IUrR. all belong to the section Cyl1:ndrolobus BLUME. The diagnostic differ ences are ver y slight, such as the pubescent to puberulous flower s, the short slightly clavate to long, subcylindric pseudobulbs. All of them have the same shape of labellum, i.e. t runcate in profile ·with thick median disc. For the time being I consider them identicn.l, and, E. t? "uncatr" LINDL. having the antecedent, have r educed E. t?·irnell(l,trt LINDL. mlcl E . clwysob1·ar:tea SOI-ILTR. to ::; ynouyms.

5. Bria tomentosa LINDL. and E. fii?·stcnum·giana SOHLTR. I have not seen the t ype specimens of E. J1~?·stcnu C?' g ia nct SOI-IIJl'H.. and cloubt if it exists, as the ne\v species was based by THE GENUS ERIA L!NDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 11

SOHLEOHTER ( 1914, p. 132) on living specimens from the collection of BARON VON l!'UERSTENBERG, collected and sent to him from Thailand by HOSSEUS. Comparing the descriptions one gets the impression that the two species are identical, and I do not hesitate to reduce SOHLEOHTER's epithet to a synonym of E. tomentosa LINDL. 6. E1·ia albido-tornentosa ( BL.) LINDI . an(l E. flava LINDL. Both K.RAENZLIN (1911, p. 50 and 55 ) ancl GAGNEPAIN (1933, p. 347) treat these two species separately. Both are said to occur on the i\'[alayan peninsula (although E. jlcwa is not mentioned by I-IOLTrrUM (1957) from Malaya p1·oper, be it because he does not r ecognize it as a separate species, or the specimens earlier i lentifiecl as E. flava are not recorded so far south), but it seems to me that the crucial criteria for dist­ inction are very vague, being based on the presence or absence of discs on the lip, which may be misunderstandings clue to work with dried material. ]'or th6 time being I prefer consi­ dering E. jlctvct LINDL. (including the va·r. lanata (GRIFF.) KRZ.) as a synonym of E. albido-tomentoset ( BL.) LINDL. 7. Er'ia wildiana, l:WLFE ( DOWNIE 1925, p. 377) wa::; based on a living specimen brought by KERR to the Trinity College Botanical Gardens from Doi Ohicngdao; I have not seen the type specimen . ROLFE gave as its closest allied E. tincto1·ia LINDL., a plant I have not been able to trace (also absent from Index Kewensis ). KERR has given the name to herbarium specimens with a questionmark, the plant in question looks very much like a small E . ace1·vctta LINDL. The available material is too scanty to solve the question, so for the time being I leave E. wild,icma ROLFE in the list as a doubtful species. 8. E1·ia st?·icta LINDL. and E. S'iamensis SOHLTR. The similarity of these t.wo species is very apparent by their general appearance. rrhe diagnostic differences are very vague, such as the pseuclobulbs being cylindric versus slightly club-shaped, the inflorescens being secuncl versus clistichous, (the inflorescence in h erbarium specimens may be sect1ncl owing to the twisted axis) 12 Tem Smitinancl and the transverf:lecl versu: ]ongi tu linal disc. I ten cl to believe that these differences in tho descriptions ar e clue either to the concli tion of the herbarium specimens examined, or they ar e mere morphological variations within one species. It may seem a pity to reduce the well intended name of E . siamensis to a synonym of E. stTicta, but I feel it unavoidable. There is a certain difficulty in placing this species in the sectional system. KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p . 42) placed it in the section Myca1·anthes BLUME, a section in which he put togeth er many quite different plants. HOLTTUM ( 1957, p . 364) I' estricts this section to plants having leafy pseuclobulbs and powdery calli on the lip, at the same time creating a section Oymboglossum, in which h e places E . long'ifolict I-IK.F. In general outlook, E. st?'icta seems related to E. long'lfolia, and for the sake of convenience I have for the time being placed it in HOLT'rUM's new section. 9. E1·ia n1,tmmttla1·1;a KRZ. and E . serniconnatct KRZ. 'rhese two plants were described by KRAENZLIN ( 1900, p. 8) based on material from SCHlVIIDT's expedition. For some reason or other they have been omitted from his treatment in DAS PFLANZENREICI-I ( 1911 ). They belong to the genus Pm·pax LINDL., an cl as to my know ledge they have not been treated in their proper stature yet, new combinations are needed, as follows: PoTpax nttrnmttlcwia ( KRAENZLIN) S1VIITINAND comb . nov. Basinym: E1·ia nummula1·ia KRAENZLIN, Bot. Tidss. Vol. 25, 1900. Porpax semiconnata ( KRAENZLIN) SMITINAND comb. nov. Basinym: Erict serniconnata KRAENZLIN, Bot. Ticlsskr. Vol. 25,1900. KEY TO SECTIONS OF THAI ERIA A. Leaves or at least their sheaths hairy; hairs u sually r eel-brown ______I. 'PRIOHOTOSIA. AA. Leaves and sheaths not hairy. B. Pseuclobulbs one-jointed; more or less close together. C. Pseuclobulbs depressecl ______II. OONOHIDIUM.

CC. Pseudobulbs ovoid or subglobose; leaves oue Ol' two, THE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 13

D. Pseudobulbs ovoid, at least 5 cm long; inflorescence axillary ; sepals and petals long, narrow ______Ill . GONIORHABDOS. DD. Pseuclobulbs subglobose, at most 1 cm long; inflorescen ce t erminal, sepals and petals not long, 1 narrow --··--· ·- ···· ··· ·······-- ···-· - II. OONCHIDIU111 ). BB. P seudobulbs m any-jointed, fl eshy or not, well spaced or close together on creeping r hi z-;ome. E. Pseudobulbs well spaced on cr eeping rhizome. F. Pscudobulbs fi esh y ; inflor escence basal, many-flower ed ...... IV. DENDROLIRIUJI1. :FF. Pseuclobulbs not fl eshy, inflorescence on upper part of pseuclobul bs. G. Pseudobulbs long; inflorescence short-hairy , many -flowered, lip hinged to colnmnfoot ····--··· -- - V. OALLOS'PYLIS. GG. P::> enclobnlbs ver y short; inflorescence 1- 3 flower s, lip not hinged to colnmnfoot ...... VI. STRONGYLERIA. EE. Pseudobulbs more or less close together. H. Pseudobulbs usually lon g, leafy throughout their leaves, lenght except at the very bae. I. Pseuclobnlbs er ect; inflorescence longer than l eaves, many-flower ed. J. Inflorescen ce t erminal, lip with powder y calli______VII. 1l1YOARAN1'HES. JJ. Inflorescence ax illary, lipwithout such calli ...... X. AERIDOS1'ACHYS. II. Pseudobulbs pendulous; inflorescence shorter than leaves, 1- 2 flowers IX. 2 ). 1 ) viz. E. muscicola, p . 23. 2 ) vi z . E. riaida, P• 32 14 T e rn Smitinand

HI-I. P seudobulbs r elatively short, leaves f ew or single, near apex of pseudobulbs only, lower parts cover ed with sheaths. K. Inflorescen ce lon ger than leaves L. Inflor escence t erminal, fl ower s o,5 cm across, more or less close together, densely whitish h airy ______VIII. CYJJfBOGLOSSUlJII LL. I nflor escence lat er al, axillar y , flo,vers 1-1,5 cm acr oss, sqacing, b r own h airs ______XI. BA1JIIBUSIFOLIA1 ) K K . I nfl or escen ce shorter t h an leaves M. Flower s in sh ort r aceme, 1- 3 flo wer s, IX . CYLINDROLOBUS. Ml\1 . Flower s in longer raceme, many -flowered, N. Inflo r ecen ce usu ally h orizontal, siclelobes of lip at its ve t· y base ______XII. UROS1'AOHYS NN. I nflor escence more er ecto-patent; siclelol os of lip n ot as above ______XIII. HYlJIIENARA

KEY TO THE THAI SPECIES OF ERIA I. TRICHOTOSIA

A. Stems ver y short, less than 4 cm long ______------1. E . dasyphylla. AA. Stem much longer. B. St ems usually mor e than 100 cm long; inflorescence pendulous, 10- 4,0 cm. long, fl ower s well spaced ______2. E . .ferotu. BB. Stems shorter , inflor escence not pendulous, flow ers close.

1) Viz. E. bambusijo!ia, p . 34 tHE GENUS ERiA LINDI.EY ( ORCI-itoAcEAE J IN THAILAND IS

C. Lip with long linear nail, suddenly dilatated spathulate, flower s 8-10 mm long ______3. E. ?'ufin'ula. 00. Lip with short n ail gradually dilat at ed, cuneate or obovale. D. Flowers sparsely pilose inside, 10 mm long, two elevat ed 1ines on the disc ______4 . E. velnt1:nrt. DD. Flowers glabrous inside, 13 mm long, three elevated pilose lines on the disc ______5. E. hellm·i 1 ).

II. OONOHIDIUM A. Inflorescence basal______6. E. perptts?:lla. AA. Inflor escence terminal. B. Sheats t esselate ______7. E. m'usdcola. BB. Sheats not t esselate --·------______8. E. exilis. I.ll. GONIOBI-IABD08 Stems ovoid, fl eshy; leaves 1- 2; inflorescens solitary racem e, many-flower ed; sepals and petals long, mn'l'O\v ______9. E. javctnica.

IV. DENDROLTRJUM A. Bracts at base oE pedicels less than 2 cm long. B. Stems conical ovate, rhizome creeping ; flowers white-tomentose ______10. E. aluido-tomentosa. BB. Stems elliptic ovate, rhizome rampant; flowers hrown-tomentose ______11. E. tomenlosa. AA. Bracts at base of pedicels 2, 5-8 cm long, bright orange ______12. E. orncda 2 )

1) I have not seen this plant, for which reason the key for species No. 3 to 5 has been worked out on the basis of the descriptions in KRAENZLIN ( 1911 ). 2) I have not seen this species. 16 Tern Smitinand

V. OALLOS1'YLIS Stem long, swollen in the middle; inflorescence short-toment ose, many-flowered, flower s open successively one at a time, lip hinged to columnfoot______13. E . p·ulcheUa.

VI. STRONGYLERI A A. Stems vel'y short, cylindric, rl1izome creeping; leaves t erete, flu,ve r s 2 - 3 ...... 14. E . pannea . AA. Stems not very sh ort, globose, rhizome r ampant; leaves oblong, flowers solital' y .... 15. E. globifer-a. .

VII. MYOARANTHE A. Midlobe of lip forked, bent downwards, sidelobes rounded, mor e or less horizontaL ...... ------·------·---·-· ______1G. E. paniculata. AA. Midlobe of lip divergent, pointed forwaJ·ds, sicl elobes pointed, forming a crescent ______.... -·- ----· __ _...... 1 7. E. n:dlet; i.

A. Flowers in distinct "'vhorls ______l 8. E . longijol·ia. AA. Flowel'S distichous...... ______19. E . st?·icta.

IX. OYLINDROLOBUS A. St ems long, pendulous, leafty throughout the whole lenght except at the very base; inflorescence in one-flowered racem.e ...... 20. E. ?'?:g'ida.. AA. Stems relatively sh ort, leaves near apex only. B. Inflorescence ( pseudo ) terminal. 0 . One (rarely two ) l1ower ______2 1. E . n1.ttans. 00. 4- 7 flowers. D. 2 leaves; inflorescence usually longer than leaves, usually 5 -7 flower s, sepals 3 cm ...... 22 . E . c0?'01w?·ia. THE GENUS ERIA LIN DLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE J IN THAILAND t7

DD. :1- 5 loaves, inflor escen s usu ally shorter than loaves, normally four flowc1·s, sepals 1,5 cm ______23 . JiJ . otlt'l'ace ((, 1 ). BB. Inflorescence l ater aL E . Stem s flatten ed towanJs apex; Howcr s glabrous ______2 4. J

EE. Stems fusiform, cl avate or snhcylinrhic, flower s \Vhite-tom entose. F. Stems fusifor m to clavate, lip simple ...... ·------______.... ______25 . JC. cl"istrd a .

FF. Stems subcy linchic, lip t rilohed ___ 2G. Jt . t ·J·wnccda.

X . AJJJBID08 TACHY8

Stem s erect, leafy throu ghout ; inflorescens axillan ·, lip unlohed , str aigh t ______27. ]!). •J'Obust(( .

"l"II. UROSTACHIA. 2 A. Stems :-1.bout 10 cm long, thick en ed and :flatten ed t owards the apex, leaves narrow, not more t han 1 cm wide ______29. ]!). erwine. AA. St em s mor e than 10 cm lon g, t hickened evenly throughout the whole len gth; loaves mor e t h an 1 cm wide. B. St ems 1 cm in diam tc1·; inflor escences many on both sides of stem s ...... 30. B . .flo•J"ibunda. BB. Stem s 2 - 3 cm in diamet er; inflorescences f ew...... __ ...... __ _. ... __ __ 31. ]!). sacc·ij'eJ'rt.

X III. H Y1l!JENAJUA A. Inflor escence much longer than or almost equal t o st em:. B. Inflor escen ce much longer t h an stems.

1) I have not seen this species. 2) For XI. BAMBUSIFOLIA, See p . 3 4 18 Tern S mitihahd

C. InfiMescens glabl'ous, bracts

yellowish Ol' pinkish; peclicels 2-2, 5 mm long ______32. E . b?·rtclesccns & 't-'Ct?". CC. Inflorescence -pub escent, bracts gl' eenish, peclicels shorter______33. E . li'iptm.ctctta. . BB. Inflorescence almost eqn al to stems. D. Stems usually compressed. E. I nflorescence densely flowereil, on mattue stems, flowe r buds globose. F . Inflor escence oblong in profi1e ______34. E. spicctta.

FF. Inflor escence globose in profile ______35. E. J.JWnila. EE. Inflorescence loosely flowered, on new shoots; flower -buds conical______-- ---·- ___ 3G. E . acer·vatrt DD . Stems not compressed. F . Inflol' escence 2 - 3 flo,vel'S ______~ __ 37. E. wUd·irtnrt. FF. Iml.ol·escence many-flowered. G. Inflorescence bl'own-pubescent. H. Inflorescence npper axillal'J7 .... 38. E . ctmicrt. HH. Inflorescence subbasaL __ 39. E . rwut·i.fol-l:a. GG. Inflorescence whi thish-pubescent ______40. E . J.Yubescens. AA. Inflor escence much shor t er than stems. I. Stems 10 cm lon g, inflorescence erect ______41. E . Zan c·Uolia. . Il. Stems 15 cm or more long; inflorescence horizon tal. J . Br acts 6- 7mm lon g, lip tri-lobed ______42 . E. .'X ctnthoche-ila . J J. Bt·acts to 4 mm long, lip not trilobed ______.43 . E. tenw:jlont. THE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND I 9

ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES OF ERIA IN THAILAND

Below the T hai species of E?"ia ar c enumerat ed jn the order indicated in the key above. Following the name of the species, reference is given of the most jmpor tant works in which the plant has been descr-ibed or nomenclatural problems discussed, but no attempt h as been made of giving a complete series of references. Synonyms have been added only wh en these h ave been used by earlier authors for plants from Thailand. Gener ally, r eferences have been limited to KRAENZLIN's monogr aphy ( KRAENZLIN 1911 ), to GAGNEPAI 's treatment in Flore Gener al e de l'lndo-Ohine ( GAGNEPAIN 1933 ), and to HOL'f­ TUM's work on the Malayan orchids ( HOLTTUM 1957 ). The infor mation of general distribution out side Thailand is normally based on these works. Only when it is felt t h at supplementary information has been obtained through new collections in Thailand, such has been added. For the detailed description of the species, the r eader is referr ed to the papers mentioned above Ol' under each species. If a drawing has been included, it h as been made after living material. The localit ies in Thailand have been grouped together in seven geographical districts (see fig. 1 ). The split -up in these districts is not exclusively a matter oE convenience; some attempt h as been made in the limitation of the districts to give them some plant-geographical and ecological value. A fuller explana­ tion of the limitation of the seven districts will be given in a later paper on t h e 'fhai orchids, which it is hope l will be published in this Bulletin during 1959, in the meantime the reader is r eferred to another paper by the author ( SMI'fiNAND 1958 ). 'fhe transcription of the Thai names of localities into English is quite a contr oversial problem. I n the present work no h a1·d fixed system has been applied, but an effort ha13 been OAMBODIA

PHYTOGEOGRAPHIOAL MAP OF THAILAND

I NORTHERN

II NORTH - EASTERN

III EASTERN

IV OENTRAL

V SOUTH - EASTERN

VI .SOUTH - i/ESTERN VII PENINSULAR THE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAIL.t\ND 2 1 made to spell the same locality in the same way throughout. This means that earlier authors' names may have been con­ sidei·ably altered. It is the intention in the above mentioned future paper to give an <

A list of abbreviations used is given on page 42. Generally in the 1ist of localities after each locality-name is in parenthesis given first the abbreviation for the collector, if ]mown, followed by his specimen-numbel·, if any, seconL1ly the place, where the specimen is now kept, if known, and finally the authority on which the localitiy is cited, in cases where I have not seen the specimen myself. If found more than once in the same locality, this whole information is repeated within the same pa1·entbesis after a semicolon. To give an example: . "Ohmupawn ( KERR 354 BKK! K!; GT 1735 OG)" indicates, that at Chumpawn the species in question have been found by A.F.G. KERH (his number being 354 ), his specimens ar e kept at the H erbarium at Bang Khen (Bangkok), and in Kew, where I have seen it; further­ more it has been found by SEIDENFADEN and myself (our number 1735) and the specimen is kept living in the garden of the Danish Embassy in Bangkok.

I. TRICHOTOSIA I. Eria dasyphylla PAR. & ROHB.F. in Trans. Linn.

Soc. XXX, p. 147, 1874. KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 138)

I: Mae Lao, Doi Hua Mot, 1250m ( GARHETT 793 BKF! 802, K ! ; KEHR 281 K! ), Phu Langka 1340 m ( TS 17 5G HKF ! ), Doi Ohiengdao ( KERR HKK! K! ), Doi Snthep ( KEHR 103,103 A, 256,257 K!; GARRET'l, 565 K ! ; GT 1932,1980 OG, OG; DB 2622 OG) II: Phu Kracling 1300 m ( GS 938 OG) VI: Wangkha 200 m ( KERH 265 BKK! K!) VII: rrhungwa 50 m ( KERR 481 BKK!) 22 Tem Smitinand

Geog1·. Distr.: I-Iimalaya, Burma (ex KRZ. Le.), Laos (ex KERR 1933, p. 233). If the identification of the finds in distr. VI aml VII is correct, it might be rP.asonable to assume that thP. Br·•ia rotnncUfol·ia RIDL. mentioned by HOLTTUM (1957, p. 360) to have been found once on Penang Hill (it is also mentioned by RIDLEY ( 1911, p. 195 )as occuring at Prigi 'rujoh, Bureau, in the Malayan Langkawi Islands), is actually identical with E . detSY1Jhylla; HOLTTUM indicates this possibility by adding, with a question­ mark, E. dasyphylla as a synonym of E. ?"Ottmd·t:jolia. . 2. Eria ferox ( BL.) BL. in i\Ius. Bot. Lugd. Bat. II, p. 184, 1851.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 151 ), HOL'l'TUM ( 1857, p. 359). VII: Khao Kheo, Pattani, 700m ( KERR 532, BKK! K! ), Khao Kalakhiri, 900m ( KERR 115, 559 BKK! K! ). Geogr. Distr.: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Malaya (ex I-I, l.c.), Thailand. 3. Eria rufinula ROHB. F. in I-Iamb. Gartenz. XIX, p. 13,- 1863.-KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. H3, s.n. T ·richotos·ia 'I"Ufimtlct (ROHB. F . ) KHZ. ), GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 360 ). V: Dong Madnea 50 m (TS 1326 BKF), Khao Banthat (PUT 3048 BKK! K! ), Dan Kao 3-400m (KERH 185 BKK! K! ). VII: Khao Nawng 400m (KERR 440 BKK! K! ). Geogr. Distr.: India, Burma, Moluccas ( ex G l.c. ), 'rhailand. 4. Eria velutina LODD. in Bot. Heg. Mise. 86, 1840.­ KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 140 ), I-IOLTTUM ( 1957, p. 3ti1 ), KRAENZLIN ( 1900, p. 9, s.n. E. S1J. etff'. E. velut'inct), WILLIAMS (1904, p. 369 ). V: Koh Ohang (SM ex KRZ. 1900; KERR 17 K! ), Khao Sabab (GT 1648-52 OG FD ). VII: Hnay Mot (KW SING), Bangbao ( GS :320,609 OG ), Phang Nga, between Thai Muang and 'l'hung Maphrao (TS 1789 OG ), Terutao (OD ex WILLIAMS l. c. ), Khao Kheo, Songlda 300 m (KERR 625 BKK! K! ), Adang 400 m ( KERR K! ), Obawng ( TS 1814 OG ). tHE GENUS ERIA tiNDLEY I ORCHIDACE AE ) IN THAILAND 23

Geogr. Distr.: Sumatra. Malaya (ex H, l.c. ), Java. Borneo 'l'enasserim ( ex KRZ . l.c. ), Thailand. 5. Eria helleri HAWKES in L1oycl1a Vol. 20, No. 2, 1957. KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p, 140, s.n . T?'ichotosia c1·istata ( RIDL.) KRZ.), J-IOL'rTUM ( 1957, p. 362, s.n. E. c1 ·istata RIDL. ). VII: Terutao CU (ex RIDLEY 1911 ). Geogr. Distr. : Malaya ( Pcnaug and Langlmwi) (ex H, l. c. ). As st<1tecl earlier, I have not seen this species. ll. 6. Eria perpusilla PAR. & RCI-IB. :F. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Vo1. 30, p . 148, 1859.-KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 20 ). I: Doi Suthep 7-800 m (KERR 79 Kl). Geogr. Distr.: Malay Peninsula ancl Burma ( ex K, l. c. ), Thailand. Sec the remarks on this species p. 9. 7. Eria musicola LINDL. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. Ill, p. 47. 1859 .-KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 20).1 I: Do1 Phakh ao, SW.-slope 1550 m ( GARRE'l"r G70 K l BKF l ), Doi Intanoncl1500 rn (KERR BKK l K l ), Doi Suthep (TS 2G18 OG). V: Khao Kuap (PUT 299G BKK l K l) VII: Khao Soidao (KERR 87 0 K l) Geogr. Distr.: India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma (ex K, Le.). 8. Eria exilis HK. F, in Fl. B1·it. Incl. Vol. V, p. 788, 1890. -KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 21 ), GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 3G2, s.n. E . mic1·ophyton SCHL'rR.) I: Doi Suthep.: ( HOSSEUS ex KRZ. l. c. ). Geogr. Distr.: India, Ceylon (ex K, Le.), Thailand See the r·emarks on this species p. 10. Ill. GONIORHABDOS 9. (SW.) BL. in Rmnphia p. 23, 183G.­ KRAENZLIN 1911. p. 2G ), HOLTTUM (1957, p 377 ).

I) Future investigations may show that it would be more correct to place this species in the Hymenaria-Section. 24 Tem Smitinand

I: Fang ( Grl' 131, 144, 1G 2, 224, 249, 509, 2089 OG ), Ohiengmai :300m (KERR 354 K ! ). VII: Banag Sta 50 m (KERB. 104 K l ). Geogr. Distr.: From Sumatra to the Philippines ( ex H, l.c. ), Laos ( GS in manusc.) 'l'he plants collected in J?ang (as also a plant collected by SEIDENFADEN in Col den Din, Laos ) seems to be slight.l y smaller than the Malayan, the following measurements can be given (in, parenthesis is added t he figmes given by HOLTTUM l.c.): pseudobulbs ;)_()em tall (::l-7cm), l eaves 20-:30 em long (50 em ) and 3- 4,5 em wide ( li em). Inflorescence 30-40 em (to GO em), flowers about 3 em ( 4 em) wide. pper sepal max. 27 mm ( 28 mm ), usnall. 24, mm, lip 13-14 mm ( 15 mm ). rrhe drawing in fig. 2 is ha.'e 1 on a specimen from Laos. Considering the large gap which at least at present seems to exist between the Nurth Thailand and Peninsul ar occnr en ces, the northern plant may well be considered a \'ariety, bn t further inYestiga­ tions are ncccssar~7 •

Fig. 2. Eda javanica (S W.) BL. a. whole plant, b. flower, s ideview, dorsal and lateral sepals and one petal removed, c. column , frontvi cw, d. fruit. Sidelobes of lip red along edges and a transve,·sal red ridge on anther. Sept. 10, 1957. Col den Din, Laos. c

Fig. 3 . Eria a lb ido-tomentosa (BL. ) LINDL. a, whole plant, b. fl ower , frontview, c. flower, s ideview. Bangbao, S ura t. Flowering Dec. 1956. Tern Smitinand

Fig. 4. Eria albido-tomentosa (BL. ) LINDL. a . whole plant, b. inforescence, c. lip, front and s ideview, d. pollinia, c. column. Phu Krading. Flowering in Bangkok June 1958. 10 . Eria albido-tomentosa ( BL.) LINDL. in Gen. & Sp. Oech., p. Cili, 18i\O .-KRAENJ;LIN ( 1911, p. 50), GAGNEPAIN ( 193 :3 , p. iH7 ), HOL'fTUM (19 57, p. 375) . As stated on p. 11, I have included he l' e E'r'ia flava LINDL. in \Val.l. Cat. 197i) e.p. 1828.-KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 55 ), GAGNEPAI N (1933, p. 360 ), and E. flava vcw. lanata RK. F. in Fl. Bri t . Incl. Vol. V, p . 801, 1890.-KRAENZUr ( 1900, p. 9, 1911, p. 55 ). II: Nawng Khai ( KERR 134 BKK! K! ), Phn Krading 1200 m . ( KERR 90G BBK!; DEE 459 BKF!; GS 731, 73 G, 741, 891 OG ). THE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 27

Ill: Nawng llom ( PU'l' SS BKF! ), Khao Phrn Vilunn ( GS305, 306 OG ). IV: Nakhawn Nayok ( GS 1067, 1103, 1105, 1118, 1138, 1139, 1153, 1166, 1174, 1201 OG ).

V: Huay Raeng 5 Ill ( KEH.R 754 BBK! K! ), Kluw Saming (PUT 510 BBK! K! ), Khao Kuap 600 m ( KEH.R 765 BBK! K! ), Phliu ( GS 35/2792 CG, dBP; GS 1742, 1756, 1757 . OG ), Makham (Grr 1029, 1360, 1392, 1393, 1394 OG FD ), Makham to Soidao ( G'l' 1406, 1407, 14.08, 1462, 1474, 1475, 1484, 1485 OG GG ), Soiclao ( GT 1572, 1573 OG FD ), Khao Sabab ( GT 1620, 1621, 1667 OG FD ), Kla,vng Phrao. Koh Khadat, Koh Saket ( Sl\I ex KRZ. l.c. ). VI : Chumphawu ( KERR 351 BKK! K! ). VII: Wat Suea Um ( GS 35/2208 dVSS K! ), Koh Saumi ( KERR 397 BKK! K! ), Nawng Khaw ( K!) Khao Ram ( ERYL SMITH 532 K! ), Kapiat ( SNAN 509 BKF! ), Khuan Pho 20 m ( KERR K! ), Adang ( KERR 492 BKK! K! ), Yanyao (HANIFF 2041 SING), Thung Kha (SING), Taknapu ( CU ex Ridlcy 1911 ), Langkawi ( CU ex WILLIAMS 1904 ), Between 'l'hai Muang nncl Thung Maphrao ( rrs 1807 OG ), Thalc Sawng Ha,vng ( TS 1810 OG ), Hangbao ( GS 234, XX). Geogr. Distr.: Java, Sumutra, I erak northward to Tenasserim and Thailand (ex H,l.c.), Laos, Annam, Cambodia, Cochinchina (ex G, l.c.) This species seemi:l to be the most common E'ria in Thailand, but it is r emarkable, that it has not yet been recorded from the northern provinces. It is highly variable, and future investigations may show that a split up in well defin ed varieties is possible. As an example is in fig. 3 shown a specimen from the peninsula, flowering in Decembe1· (most of our plants flowered in January), and in fig, 4 a plant h·om the northeast ( Phu Krading 1300 m), flowering in .fay- June. The specimens froill Phu Krading differs from the ma:iority of plants from other loculi ties, i.e. in having n much shorter inflor scc11ce appearing on top of a bulbouos stem with thr\'le developed ordinary 1ea,ves, The scape 1s pot hairy, 28 Tem Srnilinand

Fig, 5. Eria tomentosa (RETZ,) HK.F a. whole plant, b. flower. Doi Inthanond. Flowering May 1958. ,

11. Eria tomentosa ( RETZ,) HK. F. in Fl. Brit. Incl. Vol. V, p. 803, 1890.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 56,), Gagnepain ( 1903, p. 347 ). I ncluded h er e (cf. p. 10) E1··ict ftte1'Stenum·giana SOHLTR. in Orchis 8, p. 132, 1914.- I : Fang 750 m (KEH.R 85 K !), Doi Inthanoud ( Dl3 2350, 2351, 2353 OG) Ohiengruai ( HOSSEUS ex SOHLTR Le.). II. Nawng Khai 200 m ( KEH.R 134 BKK! ), Phu Kradiug K1200 m ( EH.R 90G BKK ! ). VI: Wang Kha 200 m ( KERR 280 BKK! K! ), (DEN HOED 911 K! ). THE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE l IN THAILAND 29

VII : Koh 'l'ao ( KERR K! ), Bang Son ( KERR 640 K! ). Fig. 5 is a plant from Doi Inthanoud flowering in May. Geogr. Distt·. : Himalaya, 'l'enassorim, Haiuan (ox KRZ. Le.), Mo lueeas, Laos, Annam (ex G, l.c. ). 12. Eria ornata (BL. ) LINDL. iu Gen. & Sp. Oreh. 66, 1830.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 50 ), HOL'l"l'U1YI ( 1957, p . 375 ). VII : Krabi ( CU ex RIDLEY 1911 ). Googr: Distr.: Frow SumatnL anu Malaya to the P hilippines (ex H, Le. ), Thailand. As stated eal'lier, I have not seeH this phmt. V. CALLOSTY Ll S 13. Eria pulchella LINDL. in WalL Cat. 7407, 1828.­ KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 59), GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 335, s.n . Tylostylis ?'igidet BL. ), HOJ/l"l'UM ( 1957, p . 372 ). I. Namnao 600 m ( 'l'S 527 BKF ! ), Doi Wao ( KERH 1, 6 K!) Ohiengdao 1200 m (KEH.R K !), Pang T awn (PUT 3888, 3822 K!) Doi Suthep ( KERH K! ). II: Phu Kheo 1000 m (KERR 913 K! ), Phu Thong 1000 m ( KERR 159 K \), Phu Krading 1200 m (KER.H 139 K !; GS 679, 725 OG ). VII : Koh Tao ( KEHR 642 K! ), 'l'hap Phu t 100 m ( KEHH S02K!), 'l'hung Nni 100 m (KERH 547 K !) , Adang 600 m (KERR 490 K.!) Geogr. Distr.: Malaya, Sumatr a to Colebes ( ox H, Le.), '1' h ailancl, Tenasserim. VI. STRONGYLERIA 14. Eria pannea LINDL. in Bot. li.eg. Mise. 64-, 1842.­ KHAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 48 ), GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p . 343 ), HOL'l"l'UM ( 1957, p . ;~ SO).

I : Pang 'l'a.wn ( PU'l'T aS18 K l ), Doi Ohien gclao ( PLOE NOHI'l' 1188 BIOT! ), Doi Suthep ( KE"RR a2, 32A K !; 'l'S 136, BKF !; G'l' 1966, 1967, 2002 OG FD CG: G'l' 2207, 2208 OG; 30 Tern Smitinand

DB 2359, 2i360 OG ), Doi Inthanuiu11000 m (DB 2347 XX), Huay Ton Nun 12:30 m ( GARRE'l"r 777 BKF! ), Wieng Pa11ao 1240 m ( GARRE'rT 761 K! ).

II: Phu Kracling 1300 m (GS 697 OG), Tham Nam (DIN 35 BKF !), Tham Saw ( 'rS 368 BKF! ), Phn Kheo 1000 m (KERR 917 K! ). V: Khao Kuap (PUT 2917 BKK l K! ). Geogr. Distr.: From Eastern Hirnalaya and Southern China sonthw:wds to Malaya and Snmatra ( H, Le.). 15. Eria globifera ROLFE in Garcl. Olu-on. II, p . 449, 1905.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 58), GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 346, s.n.E. languianensis, cf. SDMMERHAYES 1949, t. . 83 ). V: Khao Kuap 800 m ( KERR 777 K! ). Geogr. Distr. : Annam ( SUMMERHAYES l.c. ), Thailand. 16. Eria panniculata LINDL. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I, 32, t. 3G, 1830.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 125 ), GAGNEPAIN ( 19:33, p. 349 ). I : Pang 'l'awn ( PU'r 3920 BKK! K ! ) II : rrham Saw 1300 m ( TS 1080, 369 BKF ! ), Kawk Meei (DIN 103 BKF !); KERR 144 BKK! K! ), Hua~r Namdan 900 m ( KERR 446 BKK! K! ), Phu Krading 1300 m ( GS 688, 714, 717 , 721-23 OG ). V: Khao Knap ( KERR 772A BKK! K! ). Geoge . Distr.: Hima1ayc.t, Java, Snmatt·a, Borneo, Sarawak (ex KRZ, l.c. ), AmMm, Laos. Cambodia (ex G, l.c.) Thailand. 17. Eria ridleyi ROLFE in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. 42, p. 150, 1914. - HOLTTUM (1957, p. 366 ). V : Kh~o Knap ( KERR 876, BKK ! K l ). VII: Khao Luang 600 m ( TS 897 BKF !; 1600 m: KERR 591 BKK! K! ), Klt.ao Kalakhiri 900 m ( KERR 556 BKK ! K! ). Khao K hco 700 m ( KERH K! ), GunoJJg In a 1200 m ( KERR 82 K! ). Geogr. Distr.: Mabya (ex H, Le.) Thailand. ti'-IE GENUS ERIA LiNDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 3i

Vlll. CYMBOGLOSSUM

18. Eria longifolia HK. F. in Fl. Brit. Ind. Vol. V, p. 790, 1890.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 114 ), HOL'f'fUM ( 1957, p. 381 ). VII : Khao Kalakhiri 900 m ( KERR 5G6 K! ), Gunong Ina 1200 m ( KERR 85 K ! ). Geogr. Distr.: Borneo Sumatra, Malayrt ( ex H, l.c.) Thailand. 19. Eria stricta LINDL. in Call. bot. t . 41B, 1821.­ KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 42 ), GAGNEPAIN (1933, p. 349 ). Included here (cf. p. 11) E. siarnensis SCHL'fH. in Fed. Rep. II, 1906. - GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 348 ). I : Pang Tawn (PUT 3909 BKK! K! ), Doi Inthanoud 1900 m (KERR BKK !, GARRET'l' 630 BKF !), Doi Suthep ( KERR 70 ( 'l'ype of E. S'iamens?·s SCHLTR. ), 70A, BKK! K !; NO 328 OG; G'l' 195G, 1960, 1961, 2133, 1962, 1999 OG GG CG; DB 2209, 2210 OG; HOSSEUS 42G ex SCJ-ILTR ( 190G, p. 133 ); TS lGO BKF! ). II: Phu Krading 900 m ( KERR 900 K! ). V: Khao Sahab ( KERR K! ). VII: Khao Phawta Luang Khaeo 900-1300 m ( KERR 697 BKK ! K ! ), Phanom Bench a ( KERR 808 K ! ), "W cstcoast 2300 m" ( MURTON ex KRAENZLIN Le. ). Geogr. Distr.: Himalaya, Burma, 'fhailand (ex KRZ. l. c. ), Annam ( ex G, l.c. ). See fig. 6 IX. CYLINDROLOBUS 20. Eria rigida BL. in Mns. Lugcl. B:1t. II, p. 183, 1R5G.­ KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 160 ), I-IOL'l'TUM ( 1957, p. i\71 ). VII: Hnay Yawt (KERR K !), Yan Yao 400 m (KERR K !), Khao Khaow ( RABIJ_, 343 K! ), Thnng Wah 50 m ( KERR 4-80 K! ), Thung Nni 100 m ( KERR 546 K! ), Banang Sta 200 m ( KERR 37 BKK! K! ), Island w. of Pntan Pm1ji (HANH'F 1ocm

a 3~o8

Fig. 6. E ria stricta LINDL. a . whole plant, b. flower, s ideview, c. flower frontview, d, column, e. p ollenia , f. hair on scape. THE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE) IN THAILAND 33

<1078 SING), Langkawi ( OU ex RIDLEY 1911, s.n. liJ. pcndula RIDL). Geogr. Distr.: Borneo, Sumatru, Malaya (ex H, l.c.) Thailand. 21. Eria nutans LINDL. in Bot. Reg. Mise. 83, 184:0.­ KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 100 ), Holttum ( 1957, p. 368 ). VII : Kbao Kalakhiri 900m ( KERR 5G6 mm:! K! ). Geogr. Distr. : Borneo, Sumatra, Malaya ( ex H, l.c.) Thailand. 22. Eria coronaria ( LINDL.) ROHB. F. in Walp. Ann. Vol. VI, p. 272, 1861.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 53). I: Doi Suthep 700m ( KERR 319 K!) Geogr. Distr. : Sikkim (ex KRZ.l. c.), 'l'haihmu. 23. Eria ochracea ROLFE in Kew Bull. 1909. - KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 150 ). HOLTTUi\1[ ( 1957, p. 367 ). VII : Batu Bnnga ( HANU'F ox RIDLEY 1911. p. 195 ). Geogr. Distr. : Endemic. As stated above, I have not seen this species. 24. Eria biflora GRIFF. in Notulae III, p. 302, 1851. - KRA'ENZLIN (1911, p. 98), I-IOLT'l'UM (1957, p. 372). I : Loi Ph a Khao ( KERR (F. D. RYAN) 321 K! ). VII : Khao Soi Dao ( KERR K! ), 'rhap Ohang 200m ( 'l'S 804 BKF! ), OHA WNG ( TS 1806, 2134 OG) Geogr. Distr. : From Sikkim southwards to Sumatra and Java (ex H, l.c.) 25. Eria cristata ROLFE in Kew Bull. p. 139, 1892.- KRAENZLIN 1911, p. 98 ). I: Wieng Papao ( (GARRE'l'T 762 K! ). Geogr. Distr. : Burma (ex KRZ. 1. c.) Thailand.. 26. Eria truncata LINDL. in Journ. Linn. Soc. III, p. 58, 1859.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 102 ). Here included (cf. p. 10). 34 Tem Smitinand

E. clwysob?·actect SOHL'l'R. ( 1912, p. 7 ), cf. GA.GNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 352 ), and E. tt··ilammelatct ROLFE ( 1913, p. 141) cf. GAGNE· PAIN ( 1933, p. 365 ). I: Pui 1600m ( TS 183 BKF!; KERR 166, 166A K! ), Doi Nang Kha (PUT 37 23 K! ), Oh1 engdao 1200m (DB 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891 OG ). Geogr . Distr.: Tenasserim ( ex KHZ. J.c. ) , Laos ( ex KERH 1933, p. 232 ), Thailand. ROLFE ( 191i.\, p. 141 ), gives the locality for t h e type of l!J. tritammelata as Bangkok, collected by Roebelen; it is to bo presumed when considering the distribution of the other known localities that his specimens must h ave been brought to Bangkok from the mountains in the North.

X. AERIDOSTACHYS 27. Eria robusta ( BL.) LINDL. in Gen. & Sp. Orch.p. 69, 1830.- KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 53), HOLTTUM ( 1957, p. 381 ). VII : Gunong Ina llOOm ( KERR 84 K ! ), Khao Kalakhiri 900m ( KEHR 56 5 K! ). Geogr. Distr. : Widely distributed in Malaysia ( ex H, Le.), Thailand.

( IX. BAMBUSIFOLIA

28. Eria bambusifolia LINDL. in Joul'l1. Linn. Soc. Ill, p. 61, 1859.- HOOK. F., Fl Brit. Incl. V, p. 805, 1877; KING & PANTL., in Ann. Bot . Gard. Oal. VIII, p.l19, t.163,. KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 118 ). II: Phu Luang, Loei, ea. llOOm ( DEE BUNPHENG 981, BKF! ). Geogr. Distr. : Sikkim, Khas1a, Thailand. This species is not mentioned in LEOOi\'IrfE's Flor e de l'Indo-Ohine or in GRANT's Orchids of Burma. The measure­ ments of the Thai specimen are between E. bambusijolict LINDL. and E. cntssicattlis HK.F., the colour is almost identical with TI-IE GENUS ERiALINDLEY ( ORCI-IiDACEAE ) iN THAILAND 35

F ig. 7. Eria bambusifolia LINDL. whole plant and lip. the description gi.ven by HOOKER (I.e. ). After studying the Thai plant one cannot help to believe that the two species arc identical. HOOKER describes the lip of E. c?'etSs1:cct1,tZ1;s as em arginate, but t,h e profile is almost the same as E. bamb1,tsijolia. This is a quite unique E1·ia and ver y hard to place in any of the sections. KHAENZIN (Le.) places it in the section E1·iw·a LINDL., while HOOKER (L e.) places it in the se ction Bamb-us1:­ fol'ia, and I prefer to follow the l atter. Its position is between the sections Gymbor;loss-um an Cl Gy l,indrolob-us. (Fig. 7 ). XII. UROSTACHYA 29. Eria earine RIDL. in Jomn. Feel. Mal. St Mus. Vol. VI, p. 178, 1915. - HOLTTUM (1957, p. 383 ). VII: Khao Luan g ( SNAN 241 BKF! ), Kampnan ( TS 785, 2135 OG ). 36 1rem Smitinlind

Geogr. Distr.: Malaya, Snmatra (ex II, l.c. ), 'l'hailand. 30. Eria lloribunda LINDL. in Wall. Oat. n. 7408, 1828.­ KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 120 ), GAGNF...PAIN ( 1933, p . 351 ), HOI/l'l'UM (1957, p. 384 ). VII: Khao Kheo 700m (KERR G37 K! 530 BKK ! K! ), Ban Kr a-yae 50m (KERR H1 K! ), Khao Luang HOOm (KERR G90 K! ), 'l'hap Chang 200m ( TS 798, 955 BKF! ), Phanom Bench a !300m ( KERH 814, BKK! K!) , Kasnm ( OU SING), 'l'el'ntn.o ( OU SING ). Geogr. Distr. : Borneo, Sumatra, Malaya (ex H, l.c. ), Annam ( ex G, l.c. ), 'l'cnasserim, (ex HOOKEH 1890, p. 792 ), 'l'hailand. 31. Eria saccifera HK. F. iul!'l. Brit. Ind. Vol. V, p. 797.­ HOL'l''l'UM ( 1957, p. 387 ). VII : Khao Lnang ( PLOENOHI'I' 420 BKF! ). Geogl'. Distr. : Borneo, Sumatrrt, Ma1aya (ex H, l.c. ), 'l'hailan cl. XIII. HYMENARIA 32. Eria bractescens LINDL. in Bot. Reg. Misc. 18, 1841.­ (KRAENZLIN 1911. p. 88), GAGNEPAIN (1933, p. 354), HOL'l'TUM ( 1957, p. 388 ). I: Fang ( GT 2033, 2084, 2092 OG ), Mae Hawng Sawn ( GT 2432, 2468, 2544-, 2G45, 25 <16 OG) Payao ( TS HiS OG ). V: Mn.kam (GT 1343-45 OG ), IChlung 50m (KERR 197 BKK! K !) VI: Wangkhn 200m (KERR 26G BKK ! K! ), Sai Yoke (KERR K! ). VII : 'l'hai Muang (TS 1771, 1772 OG ), Ohawng ( 'l'S 1840 OG ), Tapli (KLOSS ex HIDL.), Koh Bang Ben (KERR G84 K ! ), Langkawi (OUR'l'IS ex RIDL.) Geogr. Distr.: Sumatra and Malaya to the Philipines (ex H, Lc.), Mergni, Anclamans, Sikkim (ex KRZ. l.c. ), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia ( ex G, l.c. ). ;TI-lE GENUS ERIA LiNDi,EY ( dRCI-iiDACEAE j IN THAILAND 37

32a. Eria bractescens LINDL. var. affinis (GRIFF.) I-IK.F. in Fl. Brit. Ind. Vo1 IT, p. 797, 1890.-KRAENZLlN ( 1911 p. 88 ).

I: Doi Su~h e p 1000-1600m ( KERR 1G4 K! ), ·ame, 450m ( KERR K! ). II. Phu Wicng 200m ( KERR 951 K!) Ill. Khcmarat lOOm ( KERR 151 BKK! K!)

VI. Wanglcha 200m ( KERR 28 9 K! ). "collected on a jomney from Tavoy to Bangkok (CHANDLER K! )

VII. 'l,aknapa ( KERR 727 BKK! K 1 ), Sn.k, under !lOm ( KERR 83G BKK ! K! ), Kuanpho 20m ( KERR 4G9 BKK! K!) 33. Eria bipunctata LINDL. in Bot. Reg. Mise. 83, 1841.­ KRAEN?.;LIN ( 1911. p. 109)

I: Doi Suthep ( KERR 35 G ( 15G0m ), ~n9 ( 1700~1) K!) Geogr. Distr.: KR A.EN?.;LIN ( l. c.) says Rb asy a and Java, as far as I have boon able to ascertain, later botani sts do nor record it from Java. 34. Eria spicata (D. DON) HAND.-MAZZ. in Symb. Sin. Pt. 7, p. 1352, 193G.-KRAENZLIN (1911, p. 110, s.n. E. conval­ lan:oides LINDL. ), GAGNEPAIN ( 193:3, p. 359, s.n. ]!;. con­ vrtllan:01:clcs ). I: Doi Pha Khao 1580m ( GARRErrT G71 BKF! K !), Doi Suthep ( ex HOSSEUS, 1911; KERR 232 K 1, GT 1306, 1936, 1984 OG ), Fang (TS 2046, 2051 GO), Doi Inthnnond (KERR K 1 ), J>ha Ngaem (KERR 496 BKK 1K 1 ). V: Khao Sabab (GS 35!2 9G 4 dB:E OG ). Geogr. Distr.: I-Iimalaya, India, Sikkim, rr enasscrim ( ex KRZ . I.e. ), Laos Annam ( ex G) 35. Eria pumila LINDI . in Wall. Oat . 1972, 1828.­ KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 98) I : Doi Suthep 800-1700m (]"\ERR 232 K 1 ). 38 Tern Smitinand

Geogr. Distr.: Moulmein ( ex KRZ. Le.), Thailand. This species is very close to E. spicatct. 36. Eria acervata LINDL. in Paxt. Fl. Garcl. I. p. 1'70, 1850.-KRAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 61) I: Doi Yao 800m ( KERR BKK! K! ), Huay Pong Dam 500m ( K.EHR K! ), Doi Suthep 500-S30m (KERR 38 K I ; DB 2405 OG ), Sok Luek 900m ( TS 2707 BKF! ), Mae Hawng Sawn ( GT 2431 OG ), Pangmo ( G'l' 2584 OG ), Ohiengclao llOOm ( TS 1860 OG) VI: J-Iin Dat (PUT 93 BKK! K!) VII: Krawp Kraep lOOm ( KERR 4,34 DKK! K! ), P

icm[

1mm

d

f ....---

Fig. 8. Eria acervata LINDL. a. whole plant, b,c and d. flower, e.lip flattened out, f. column, g . pollinia. 40 Tem Smitinand

( 1890, p. SOO ) has not seen the plant, he states, t hat it has been brought to Loddiges Garden from I ndi a. In Kew H erbarium there are specimens said to be from India ; the specimen from 'rhailand supplied by the Bang Krabuc Nursery, Bangkok, is r e­ presented by one raceme only.

40. Eria pubesens WIGHT in l e. Pl. t. 1634, 1856.­ KHAENZLIN (1911, p. 64). I-I er e included (cf. p. 10) E. sutepensis HOLFE ( DOWNIE 1925, p. 376 ), GAGNEPAIN ( 1933, p. 353)

I: Doi Suthep ( KEHH 257 ( 'rypc of E . S'lt.lepensis) K l; GT 1950, 1958, 1968, OG, 1994, 199G, 2003 OG ), S. of Denchai ( G'r 200 OG ), Ohiengdao 1600m (G'l' 1907, 1908 OG), Doi Intha­ nond 1430m ( GAHHETT 416 K l) II: Phu Krading ( 'rS 2115 OG)

Geogr. Distr.: Nilghenie ( ex KH Z. l.c. ), Thailand.

41. Eria lancifolia I-I.IC.:F. in l<'l. Brit. Incl. Vol. V, p. 804, 1890.-KHAENZLIN ( 1911, p. 69 ) HOl/r'rUM ( 1957, p. 392 ).

VII: Koh Pha Ngan ( :PU'l' 1178 BKK l K l) Googr. Distr.: Malaya ( ox I-I, Le.) 'rhailand.

42. Eria xanthocheila HIDL. in Mat. Fl. M. P. I, p. 102, 1907 .-HOI/r'rUM (1957, p. 393 ).

V: Khao Kuap ( KEHH 851 BKK l K l ), Khao Klua ( 'rS 1023 OG ), Oholburi ( OOLLINS K l )

Geog r. Distr. : Java, Sumatr a, Borneo, Malaya (ex I-I , l. c.), Thailand. See fig. 9. The measures of the flowers of the specimen sl{etched ( Khao IGua, 'rS 1023 ), ai·e slightly smaller than those given by I-IOLTTUM (Le.), and the sepals and petals are pink­ veined. I-IOLT'rUM ( Le.) mentions a similar form from Sat Rivel'.

42 Tern Smitina n d

ABBREVIATIONS I. Collectors : OU; Ourtis GS: G. S eidenfa len DB: Danish Botanists 1958 Grr : do. with author DEE: For est Dept.-collector KW: Kingdon Ward DIN: NO: Nat ive collectors " " " PUT: Kerr's Siamese collector RABIL: do. SN AN: F orest Dept. collector rrs: author's collections II: Places, where specimens w·e ctt present Jcept : Herbctriwm material LiV?:ng matM·ial BKK: Herb. Bang Khen, Bangkok OG : Botanical Gardens Copenhagen BKF: H erb. For est Dept. l!'D : For est Dept. B :;1ngkok " K: Kew Herbarium GG : Goteborg Botanical Gardens SING: H erb. Singapore Bot. Gardens OG : Danish Embassy, Bangkok XX: indicates, that plant was k ept in Danish Embassy , but h as died a! indicat es that I h ave seen the specimen. Ill: Othm· abu1·ev'iations: dBP: indicates plants det ermined G: GAGNEPAIN 1933 b y Dr. Boye-I eter sen, Copenh agen I-I: J-IOLT'l'Ul\1 1957 dVSS: in cl icates plants det ermined KRZ. : KRAl"!j NZLIN 19 11 by Dr. Summerhayes, Kew

BIBLIOGRAPHY DOWNIE, D.G. : (1925) : Contributions to t he F lora of Siam. Add. XVI anu Add. XVII.-Kew Bulletin GAGNEPAIN, F . (1933 ): Orchillaceae in: Flor e Gen erale cl e l'Indo-Ohine Vol. VI GRANT,B. (1895): The Orchids of Burma. HOLT'l'UM, R.E. (19 57): Orchids of Malay a 2. ed.-Flora of Malaya Vol. l. 'l'HE GENUS ERIA LINDLEY ( ORCHIDACEAE ) IN THAlLAND 43

HOOKER, J.D. (1890): rrhe Flora of British India Vol. V-VI I-IOSSEUS, 0.0. (1911): Die botauische Ergebnisse meiner Expedition nach Sirtm. Beih. 2. Bot. Oentralb1. BeL 28. Abt. II, 357-457. KERR, A.F.G. (1934): A collection of Orchids from l.aos-. Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. I-Iist. Suppl. Vol. IX.

KRAENZLIN, F . (1900)! Orchidaceae and A'postasiace:1.e 1 in: SOHMIDT: Flora oJ: Koh Ohang 1900-1916.-Bot. rridsski•. Vol. 24 KRAENZLIN ( 1911 ): Orchidaceae-Monandrae-Dendro· biinae, Pars II,in ENGLER: Das Pfianzenreich LINDLEY, J. (1825): The genus Et·ia in Edwarcls Bot, He g. X, t. 904 MEHHILL, E .D. (1917): An intcrp1·ctation of Humphins' Herbarium A.mhoinense. HIDLEY, I-I.N. (1 896): The Orchicleac and Apostasiaccae of the Malay P eninsul a in: Jonrn. ·Linn, Soc., Vol. 32, p. 213-41G. HIDLEY,I-I.N(l911): An Account of a Botanical Expedi­ tion to Lower Sinm.-Journ. Str. Br. Hoy. As. Soc. No. 59, p.27 -234. ROLFE, RA. ( 1915 ): New Orchids, Decade 40.- Kew Bulletin RUMPI-IIUS, G.E. (1750): I-Ierbarinm Amboincnse Vol.VI SOI-ILEOHrrEH, H. ( 190Ci a): Orchidaccac novae et criti­ cac, Decas II.-Fcdde Hop. nov. sp. Bd, II , (1906 b): ibid. Bd. III (1912) in Orchis Vol. G " (1914): in Orchis Vol. 8 " SMITINA.ND, '1'. ( 1958 ): rrhe Genus Dipterocarpns Gacrtn. E. in rrhail::md . Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) No. 4 SUMMEHHAYES, V.S. (1949): E'l·ia olouijera HOLFE in Ourtis, Bot. Mag. (N.S. ) vol. l.GG, p. 4. WILLIA:l'/[S, F.N. (1904): Liste des Phmtes connues du i'l.-erB Hh.Su1am Boissier (2me ser. ), T. IV.