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British Clandestine Activities in Romania During the Second World
British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War This page intentionally left blank British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War Dennis Deletant Visiting ‘Ion Ra¸tiu’ Professor of Romanian Studies, Georgetown University, USA © Dennis Deletant 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978–1–137–57451–0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. -
V. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010
THIRD SECTION CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) STOP STRASBOURG 27 May 2010 DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010 This judgment has become final under Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to formal amendments. CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA In the case of de Hohenzollern (of Romania) v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting in a Chamber composed of : Josep Casadevall, President, Elisabet Fura, Corneliu Bîrsan, Boštjan M. Zupančič, Egbert Myjer, Luis López Guerra, Ann Power, judges, and Stanley Naismith, Deputy Section Registrar, After deliberation in chambers on 4 May 2010, delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 18811/02) against Romania lodged with the Court on 22 April 2002 under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by two British and Romanian nationals, Mr Carol Mircea Grigore de Hohenzollern (of Romania) and Mr Paul Philip de Hohenzollern (of Romania) respectively. The applicants are represented by Tamara Solecki, a London lawyer. 2. The Romanian Government ("the Government") is represented by its Agent, Mr Răzvan-Horaţiu Radu, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3. Following the death of the first applicant, his wife, Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern, and his son, the second applicant, expressed a wish to continue the proceedings on 16 February 2006. Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern also died in 2007, leaving Mrs Emma Louise Ropner as her heir, who did not send the Court a request to continue the proceedings. -
Regele Ferdinand I Al Romniei (1914-1927)
MUZEUL NAŢIONAL Vol. XX 2008 "UN BUN ROMÂN" - REGELE FERDINAND I AL ROMÂNIEI A GOOD ROMANIAN - KING FERDINAND I OF ROMANIA Ştefania Ciubotaru Abstract The article is a new approach to the position King Ferdinand held in the Romanian society and among European royals. Respectfully spoken about in foreign newspapers, he was a dynamic and elegant presence in Romania. During his time politics, economy and culture had a progressive evolution and there were associated to the King’s vocation and intelligence skills of leadership. Key words: King Ferdinand, the Union, duty, daily life, social and economic progress Regele Ferdinand I al României s-a născut la 24 august 1865 la Sigmaringen, iar primele instrucţiuni le-a primit în familie de la profesorul Gröbels, urmând apoi gimnaziul din Düsseldorf. După ani de aspră viaţă ostăşească ca ofiţer în garda prusiană şi elev la şcoala militară din Kassel, tânărul prinţ a devenit student al universităţilor din Tübingen şi Lipsca în 1887, doritor de a-şi lărgi orizontul de cunoştinţe1. Din vremea tinereţii sale există o descriere a prinţului, făcută de cineva care i-a fost foarte apropiat şi care merită a fi reţinută pentru adevărul care îl conţine: "ca tânăr, se poate spune că însuşirea caracteristică a prinţului Ferdinand era o extremă modestie, amestecată cu o timiditate aproape chinuitoare. Educaţia lui fusese completă, urmată cu îngrijire după cerinţele unui viitor şef de stat, dar nimeni nu şi-a dat seama vreodată de cât ştie tânărul. Nici acasă nu-i plăcea să se afirme faţă de fraţii lui. Foarte curtenitor şi politicos, se ferea totdeauna a jigni sentimentele cuiva şi ceda terenul chiar când cunoştea mai bine subiectul în discuţie decât cei cu care discuta. -
Cultural Trauma – the Case of the Winner1
Cultural Trauma – The Case of the Winner1 ZOLTÁN BRETTER Politics in Central Europe (ISSN: 1801-3422) Vol. 16, No. 1S DOI: 10.2478/pce-2020-0004 Abstract: My study is an analysis of the emergence of the “Golden Dream” narrative in Romania, right after World War I. Along the way, I make some theoretical contributions to cultural trauma studies. ‘Winner’ and ‘loser’ are terms used to define fixed situations. Usually, only the loser (the victim, defeated) might suffer a trauma, while the occur‑ rence of trauma is denied for the winner (the perpetrator, victor). We shall dig a little deeper and wider, demonstrating that Romania, an overall winner of WWI, will face, right after victory, a ‘cultural shock’ which has to be repressed, as part of the “Golden Dream” narrative. Through a detailed, economic, social and political analysis, I’ll be trying to argue that a shattering trauma has engendered in Romanian society; yet an‑ other addition to a whole ‘traumatic history’. The ensuing orthodox ethno‑nationalism takes its root from this trauma. From time ‑to ‑time, we will take a comparative glance at the trauma of the loser, particularly when we will be discussing the omissions of an otherwise seamless narrative. Keywords: cultural trauma, Romania, Hungary, authoritarianism, interwar period Introduction “Where the disease is various, no particular definite remedy can meet the wants of all. Only the attraction of an abstract idea, or of an ideal state, can unite in common action, multitudes who seek a universal cure for many special evils and a common restorative applicable to many different conditions” (Acton 1862: 3). -
Langues, Accents, Prénoms & Noms De Famille
Les Secrets de la Septième Mer LLaanngguueess,, aacccceennttss,, pprréénnoommss && nnoommss ddee ffaammiillllee Il y a dans les Secrets de la Septième Mer une grande quantité de langues et encore plus d’accents. Paru dans divers supplément et sur le site d’AEG (pour les accents avaloniens), je vous les regroupe ici en une aide de jeu complète. D’ailleurs, à mon avis, il convient de les traiter à part des avantages, car ces langues peuvent être apprises après la création du personnage en dépensant des XP contrairement aux autres avantages. TTaabbllee ddeess mmaattiièèrreess Les différentes langues 3 Yilan-baraji 5 Les langues antiques 3 Les langues du Cathay 5 Théan 3 Han hua 5 Acragan 3 Khimal 5 Alto-Oguz 3 Koryo 6 Cymrique 3 Lanna 6 Haut Eisenör 3 Tashil 6 Teodoran 3 Tiakhar 6 Vieux Fidheli 3 Xian Bei 6 Les langues de Théah 4 Les langues de l’Archipel de Minuit 6 Avalonien 4 Erego 6 Castillian 4 Kanu 6 Eisenör 4 My’ar’pa 6 Montaginois 4 Taran 6 Ussuran 4 Urub 6 Vendelar 4 Les langues des autres continents 6 Vodacci 4 Les langages et codes secrets des différentes Les langues orphelines ussuranes 4 organisations de Théah 7 Fidheli 4 Alphabet des Croix Noires 7 Kosar 4 Assertions 7 Les langues de l’Empire du Croissant 5 Lieux 7 Aldiz-baraji 5 Heures 7 Atlar-baraji 5 Ponctuation et modificateurs 7 Jadur-baraji 5 Le code des pierres 7 Kurta-baraji 5 Le langage des paupières 7 Ruzgar-baraji 5 Le langage des “i“ 8 Tikaret-baraji 5 Le code de la Rose 8 Tikat-baraji 5 Le code 8 Tirala-baraji 5 Les Poignées de mains 8 1 Langues, accents, noms -
A Physical and Moral Portrait of Balkan Vlachs In
MUZEUL NAŢIONAL Vol. XX 2008 A PHYSICAL AND MORAL PORTRAIT OF BALKAN VLACHS IN HISTORICAL SOURCES (IXth-XIIth CENTURIES) DESPRE PORTRETUL FIZIC ŞI MORAL AL VLAHILOR BALCANICI ÎN SURSELE ISTORICE (SECOLELE IX-XII) Ginel Lazăr, Monica Lazăr Abstract Like any other people, the Balkan Vlachs (Romanians) came into being and defined themselves as an entity during a long and difficult historical process. Ethnoculturally and historically they share similarities but also differences which bring them closer, but also separate them from neighbouring peoples. Balkan Romanians’ physical and moral traits are differently perceived from one observer to another. For Byzantines, „Vlachs“ meant „barbarians“, namely those who didn’t speak, think or live like a Greek. Ever since Vlachs have been first mentioned in historical sources (approx. 850) until the Asanesti rebellion (1185), „the physical and moral portrait of Balkan Vlachs differs with each observer. Latin authors, especially Italians and Dalmatians, depicted them favourably, mainly highlighting their bellicose attributes and their pleasant appearance, sometimes associated to their Roman descent. On the contrary, they are often negatively perceived by their Balkan neighbours. This is not surprising at all: for Byzantines and Southern Slavics, endowed with their own states and cultures, the Vlach is „the other“, a foreigner refusing integration by asserting his own identity and even worse - often trying to establish his own state in an area they claimed“. Key words: „Romanus“, „the other“, transhumance, „kjelatori“, Haemus, Vlachs, Christians. Like any other people, the Balkan Vlachs (Romanians) came into being and defined themselves as an entity during a long and difficult historical process. Ethnoculturally and historically they share similarities but also differences which bring them closer, but also separate them from neighbouring peoples. -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ARNOLD DENYS Interviewed by: Self Copyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements A out the Author Note to the Reader Preface A Crisis in the Life of a Foreign Service Officer My Beginnings (S Citi)enship Return to Civilian Life Panama Assignment Crisis in Panama London Egypt Athens Mexico Canada ,ashington, DC Antwerp ,ashington to Tijuana Tijuana Tijuana to Retirement Conclusion DIARY Son of Flanders The Making of a Consul. Diary of an American Foreign Service Officer In Memory of Emiel Denys 01103411767 8odelieve Maria Denys 01101411117 AC9NO,LED8MENTS 1 I feel deep gratitude to my late parents for their encouragement to write this memoir. The late Mrs. 9atherine McCook 9nox, an art historian from ,ashington, DC, was in great part responsi le for my efforts in compiling letters and notes on the American Foreign Service. My thanks also go to Rhoda Riddell, Ph.D., a writer and teacher, who transcri ed and edited my handwritten account, which was taken from my diary. I also wish to thank Art Drexler, who completed the editing and prepared the book for printing. I wish also to thank the following persons, whom I have known in the long course of my foreign service career, and who have meant so much to me both personally and professionally, and deserve special acknowledgment. Consul 8eneral John D. Barfield Vice Consul 0Ret.7 Frank J. Barrett Miguel Angel 8arcia Charles Stuart 9ennedy, Director of the Association for Diplomatic Studies, who inspired me with his work on the Foreign Affairs Oral History Program. -
Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Against King Carol
Reluctant Allies? Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu against King Carol II of Romania Introduction Iuliu Maniu is today regarded as the principle upholder of democratic and constitutional propriety in interwar Romania. As leader of the Romanian National Peasant Party throughout much of the interwar period and the Second World War, he is generally considered to have tried to steer Romania away from dictatorship and towards democracy. Nevertheless, in 1947 Maniu was arrested and tried for treason together with other leaders of the National Peasant Party by the communist authorities. The charges brought against Maniu included having links to the ‘terrorist’ and fascist Romanian Legionary movement (also known as the Iron Guard). The prosecutors drew attention not only to the entry of former legionaries into National Peasant Party organizations in the autumn of 1944, but also to Maniu’s electoral non- aggression pact of 1937 with the Legionary movement’s leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. The pact had been drawn up to prevent the incumbent National Liberal government manipulating the elections of December 1937. Maniu had subsequently acted as defence a witness at Codreanu’s trial in 1938. 1 Since the legionaries were regarded by the communists as the agents of Nazism in Romania, Maniu was accordingly accused of having encouraged the growth of German influence and fascism in Romania.2 Maniu was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in Sighet prison in 1953. Possibly no single act of Maniu’s interwar career was more condemned within Romanian communist historiography than his electoral pact with the allegedly Nazi- 1 Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă (ed.), Procesul lui Iuliu Maniu, Documentele procesului conducătorilor Partidului Naţional Ţărănesc, 3 volumes, Bucharest, 2001, vol. -
Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse
Lund UniversityLund University STMV 23, 2017 PoliticalPolitical Science Science Department Department Superviser: Magnus Jerneck MasterMaster of European Of European Affairs Affairs Superviser: STVM 23, Magnus 2017 Jerneck Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse A thematic analysis of Romania`s chiefs of state speeches, between 1931 and 2016 Mihail Nejneru Lund University Political Science Department Superviser: Magnus Jerneck Master of European Affairs STVM 23, 2017 Abstract There are several problems when studying, as this thesis, the interplay between the concepts of Europe and of nation, in an official discourse of a state. One is that these concepts are largely seen as being in a dichotomous position. This research argues about the importance of changing the perception about the various way the concepts can relate to each other. The study considers the representations of the nation and of Europe as correlated. Consequently, the idea of Europe is modified over time according to the political culture type. The peculiarities of the case selection: Romania, as two violent regime changes, amplifies the effects of this multi faced process of conferring meanings to Europe. First, the communist regime crafted its own national narrative by mixing soviet supranational elements with a strong nationalistic rhetoric. This was done also with the use of Protochronism, a Romanian term, describing the process to ascribe, with the use of questionable data and by questionable interpretations, an idealised past to the country. Second, the post-communist elites could not decide what stance should be adopted towards pre-communist and communist regimes. The implications for the concept of Europe were discovered using a thematic analysis on 25 New Year’s Eve messages of Romanians chiefs of the state, transmitted from 1931 to 2016. -
Les Jeux Olympiques D'hiver
Anul XIII/Editia 21 Nr.25/mai 2018 Revista bilingvă a Colegiului Naţional „Simion Bărnuţiu“ Şimleu Silvaniei, Sălaj, România LES JEUX OLYMPIQUES D'HIVER LE PROGRAMME DE JUMELLAGE RITES OF PASSAGES A DAY TO BREAK ROUTINE Table of Contents 1.EDUCATION/ ÉDUCATION Notre « petite Française » va continuer son chemin ................................................................................ 5 Le programme de jumellage ..................................................................................................................... 8 R.O.S.E. project – an effective tool of studying foreign languages ......................................................... 10 Tabel nominal cu premiile obținute ........................................................................................................ 11 2.HOBBY/ LOISIRS The greatest invention of all times-The fountain ................................................................................... 16 3.LIFE/ VIE A day to break routine ............................................................................................................................ 20 Rites of passage ...................................................................................................................................... 21 4.HOLLIDAYS/ FÊTES Le 8 Mars ................................................................................................................................................ 22 Poisson d’avril ........................................................................................................................................ -
Nr. 1/2006 Few Days, in 1893
TABLE OF CONTENTS SOMMAIRE ABSTRACTS ...............................2 RÉSUMÉS .................................2 EDITORIAL ÉDITORIAL ”Don Giovanni renditi!” ”Don Giovanni renditi!” Dan Erceanu . 5 Dan Erceanu . 5 EVENT ÉVÉNEMENT Carol I Year (1866-2006) - a bibliological L’Année Carol I (1866-2006) – une évaluation evaluation bibliologique Royal House of Romania; publisher’s agenda: La Maison Royale de Roumanie et l’agenda foreign and Romanian Books published between de l’édition. Des livres roumains et étrangers 1990-2006 . .7 publiés entre 1990 / 2006 . .7 Describing a bibliophilic edition: Pierre Loti – La manière de monter une édition bibliophile. Une exilée Pierre Loti – Une exilée. Mariana Jaklovsky . 21 Mariana Jaklovsky . 21 Evidence of royalty in a private archive from Les traces de la Royauté dans une archive Romania. Interview with the bibliophile personnelle en Roumanie. Dialogue avec le Ion C.Rogojanu. .31 bibliophile Ion C. Rogojanu . .31 Queen Mary and the ornamental art in Romania La Reine Maria et les arts décoratifs en Roumanie Iuliana Crenguõa Iordåchescu. 40 Iuliana Crenguõa Iordåchescu. 40 G. Teodorescu-Kirileanu – the cultural biography G. Teodorescu-Kirileanu – la biographie of a beneficent man culturelle d’un grand homme généreux. Letiõia Constantin . 42 Letiõia Constantin . 42 An illustrated history of the Romanian royal court Une histoire en images de la Maison Royale Ana Pleøia............................54 Roumaine Ana Pleøia............................54 The National Library of Romania celebrates Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791) La Bibliothèque Nationale de Roumanie fête W.A. Mozart - a composer for the eternity Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791).20 Ana Maria Comøa......................60 W.A. Mozart – un compositeur pour l’éternité Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the Music Library Ana Maria Comøa......................60 from the National Music University of Bucharest Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart et la Médiathèque de Maria Cioponea . -
30 Years of Defending Women's Right to Be Free from All Forms of Sexual Exploitation
30 Years of Defending Women’s Right to be Free from All Forms of Sexual Exploitation The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW) Highlights Its History 1988 – 1997 1988 – CATW International (CATW) is founded in New York City at an international conference on sex trafficking and prostitution. Participants come from most continents. Kathleen Barry and Dorchen Leidholdt are appointed respectively as CATW’s founding Executive and Associate Directors. 1989 – CATW is awarded Category II Consultative Status with ECOSOC, the UN Economic and Social Council. 1991 – CATW convenes an international meeting of Experts on sexual exploitation, violence and prostitution. With UNESCO, CATW publishes the proceedings of this meeting called The Penn State Report. Attends the Council of Europe meeting in Strasbourg called “Trafficking in Women and Forced Prostitution,” held in association with the Dutch government to promote its neo- regulatory policy affirming prostitution as sex work. With other NGOs, CATW opposes this policy and demands recommendations reflect the majority abolitionist opinion. 1992 – CATW drafts a proposed UN Convention Against All Forms of Sexual Exploitation. 1993 – CATW Asia-Pacific (CATW-AP) is established at an organizing conference in Manila, the Philippines. Representatives come from 17 countries, including Hong Kong, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and Australia, as well as various NGOs in the Philippines. Cecilia Hoffman becomes Director. CATW Europe holds its organizing meeting and appoints Marie-Therese Destercke as director. CATW Europe holds the first European Conference to discuss a new UN Convention Against Sexual Exploitation. 1994 - Janice Raymond and Dorchen Leidholdt are elected as Co-Executive Directors of CATW International after Kathleen Barry resigns.