Project Name

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Mnquma Coastal development affected by uncertainty on establishment of coastal setback lines, concerns about the complexities involved in obtaining approvals in the coastal area due to uncertainty in application of EIA Regulations and ensuring the necessary 1 1 1 2 3 2 10 M alignment of Mnquma SDF with Wild Coast spatial plans to avoid contradictions in MEDIUM development planning programmes. Mbhashe The need for identification of coastal development areas, investment nodes and MEDIUM 3 0 2 1 3 3 12 M packages, for development opportunities. Mbhashe MEDIUM Uncertainty on establishment of coastal setback lines. 3 1 1 1 3 2 11 M Mbhashe MEDIUM Concerns about the complexities involved in obtaining approvals in the coastal area. 3 1 2 1 1 2 10 M Great Kei Skyline pollution - visual impact of development on beach users must be considered." 1 2 1 1 1 2 8 L LOW

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 135 Amathole District Municipality

Climate Change and Dynamic Coastal Processes

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa Importance regarding the immediate implementation of climate change strategies. CSP HIGH 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H Ngqushwa Coastal planning consequences if climate change set-back lines are adopted. CSP HIGH 3 2 3 1 3 2 14 H Great Kei Importance regarding the immediate implementation of climate change strategies. CSP HIGH 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H Great Kei Coastal planning consequences if climate change set-back lines are adopted. CSP HIGH 3 3 2 2 1 3 14 H Great Kei LM officials require training to be able to address climate change issues EA HIGH 4 3 2 1 3 2 15 H Great Kei Opportunities for renewable energy projects in the Great Kei LM need to be CSP HIGH identified. 4 2 2 2 2 3 15 H Mbhashe CSP HIGH No climate change strategy 4 2 3 2 2 1 14 H Ngqushwa Coastal setback lines have not been established. MEDIUM 3 2 2 1 1 2 11 M Ngqushwa Mobile dune system in Hamburg may threaten the proposed Blue Flag Beach MEDIUM development 1 2 2 2 1 3 11 M Ngqushwa Issues and Pressures MEDIUM Great Kei Coastal setback lines have not been established. MEDIUM 3 2 2 1 1 2 11 M Great Kei Developments exist that are extremely sensitive to storm surges and sea level rise. MEDIUM 3 2 3 1 1 2 12 M

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 136 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Mbhashe Need to address sea-level rise risk. 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 M MEDIUM Mnquma Unable to plan effectively for climate change adaptation and mitigation due to lack of 1 1 2 0 3 1 8 L LOW a climate change strategy. Mnquma Need for sea-level rise adaptation by way of well-planned and implemented dune 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 L LOW management programmes Mbhashe Need for sea-level rise adaptation 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 L LOW

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 137 Amathole District Municipality

Land and Marine Based Sources of Pollution

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1. MAGNITUDE 1. SEVERITY 2. 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa Leaching of sewage from septic tanks into estuaries (e.g. Mpekweni, Birha and Fish WQP 3 2 3 2 3 2 15 H HIGH River) M Ngqushwa ICB Lack of service delivery to manage waste 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H HIGH Ngqushwa ICP Lack of capacity to ensure service delivery 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H HIGH Ngqushwa WQP There is a lack of waterbourne sewage 3 2 2 2 3 2 14 H HIGH M Ngqushwa WQP There are high E. coli levels in all the estuaries 3 2 2 2 2 2 13 H M HIGH EA Ngqushwa Sanitation is a problem and clear guidance need to be provided to the LMs on how to WQP 3 2 2 2 2 2 14 H HIGH deal with this problem and how to determine risk level M Great Kei Leaching of sewage from broken and unmaintained septic tanks into estuaries, WQP 3 2 3 2 3 2 15 H HIGH especially in Chintsa East and Morgan Bay. M Great Kei WQP Deliberate dumping of sewage into rivers does occur. 2 2 3 3 2 2 14 H HIGH M Great Kei ICB A lack of service delivery to manage waste. 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H HIGH Great Kei ICB A lack of capacity to ensure service delivery. 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H HIGH Great Kei WQP Water quality of estuaries and swimming beaches is not monitored. 3 1 3 2 3 2 14 H HIGH M Great Kei There is no standard process between the LM and DM when guiding the process to ICP 4 2 3 1 3 2 15 H HIGH manage sewage infrastructure.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 138 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1. MAGNITUDE 1. SEVERITY 2. 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei WQP non-direct sources of pollution have the greatest impact 2 2 3 2 2 2 13 H HIGH M Great Kei WQP sewage needs to be sorted out to maintain a good image to promote tourism 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH M Great Kei ICB DEDEAT and ADM must work together 4 2 2 1 3 2 14 H HIGH Great Kei EM Estuary management plans become important when managing pollution of estuaries 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH Great Kei EA Awareness need to be created amongst the community regarding sewage pollution 4 2 2 1 2 2 13 H WQP HIGH M Great Kei sewage dumping occurs from the informal settlement near Chintsa East and from WQP poorly maintained sewage pipes. The department selectively applies sanctions and 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H M HIGH enforcement thereof in Chintsa East and West Great Kei The caravan at Kei Mouth could be a tourist attraction but is badly managed. Drainage CID 2 2 2 2 2 3 13 H HIGH in the park is not adequate when it rains Great Kei EA Education from entry level learners at schools and ongoing workshops 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH Great Kei Informal settlement at Morgan Bay does not have any sewage infrastructure (ie: CID 2 3 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH toilets) Ngqushwa There is a lack of holism with regards to coastal development 3 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa Presidents have been set by DEDEAT were approvals for septic tanks have been issued in the past without considering other RoDs that have been issued in the area. They 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 M MEDIUM can’t approve those and not approve any proposed ones now. Ngqushwa Water quality in the Keiskamma estuary affects aquaculture activities such as the 2 2 2 2 2 3 12 M MEDIUM oyster farm

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 139 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1. MAGNITUDE 1. SEVERITY 2. 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei By-laws are required for motor boat engines. 3 1 2 1 1 2 10 M MEDIUM Great Kei Haga Haga foreshore - discharge is visible during peak seasons 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 M MEDIUM Great Kei Few of the residents at "the Glens" clear their septic tanks, clear algal blooms on 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 M MEDIUM foreshore Great Kei Leaking sewage pipelines and tanks with E. coli regularly present on foreshore of 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 M MEDIUM Glengariff Great Kei DWA comes and takes water samples when the rains have come and broken open the estuary and the water quality appear fine. They need to come in the winter to when 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM there has been little rain to get a better idea of the water quality Mnquma Need to be able to respond to oil spill incidents in accordance with the Oil Spill 4 1 2 1 1 1 10 M MEDIUM Contingency Plan: Amathole Region

Need to monitor and ensure waste removal on beaches and estuaries. 3 1 1 2 3 1 11 M MEDIUM

Concerns over suspected dysfunctional septic tanks leaching into catchment area. 1 1 2 2 3 1 10 M MEDIUM

No records of discharge points into coastal and marine environments. 2 1 1 1 3 1 9 MEDIUM

No coastal water quality monitoring programme. 2 1 1 1 3 2 10 MEDIUM Mbhashe Need to monitor and ensure waste removal on beaches and estuaries. 3 1 1 2 3 1 11 M MEDIUM

There is no Waste Management By-Law at Mbhashe LM. 4 1 1 2 3 1 12 M MEDIUM

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 140 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1. MAGNITUDE 1. SEVERITY 2. 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures

Concerns over suspected dysfunctional septic tanks leaching into catchment area. 1 1 2 2 3 1 10 M MEDIUM

No records of discharge points into coastal and marine environments. 2 1 1 1 3 1 9 M MEDIUM

No coastal water quality monitoring programme. 2 1 1 1 3 2 10 M MEDIUM Great Kei Black sand observed along the beaches. There are concerns that it is an indication of 2 0 0 1 2 2 7 L LOW oil spills.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 141 Amathole District Municipality

Estuaries

LM Priority Rating Criteria -> SEVERITY

1. MAGNITUDE 1. 2. 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa WQP Agricultural chemicals contaminate river systems 2 2 3 2 3 2 14 H HIGH M Ngqushwa WQP A lack of infrastructure for sanitation 3 2 3 2 3 2 15 H HIGH M Ngqushwa CDG Properties and infrastructure are located in close proximity to estuaries. 3 2 2 1 3 2 13 H HIGH Ngqushwa Recreational use and legislation should be drivers for the establishment of By Laws for EM 3 2 2 2 2 2 13 H HIGH estuarine activities Great Kei WQP Water quality of many estuaries in Great Kei LM is poor. 3 2 3 1 3 2 14 H HIGH M Great Kei EM Estuary management plans have not been drafted. 3 2 3 1 3 2 14 H HIGH Great Kei ICB Civic associations and the DM need to work together 4 2 2 1 3 2 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa MEDIUM Keiskamma estuary is very vulnerable and needs to be prioritised by the DEA 1 2 2 1 3 2 11 M Ngqushwa Keiskamma estuary is low on DEAs priority list. 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa Little clarity exists regarding who is the custodian of estuaries along the Ngqushwa LM 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM coastline Ngqushwa Silting up of estuaries where overgrazing upstream results in the topsoil running off into the rivers. The R72 bridges alter the flow of the estuary and thus results in the estuary 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM silting up in places. There has been a historical land-use change

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 142 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria -> SEVERITY

1. MAGNITUDE 1. 2. 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei Jet skis being launched in estuaries is a problem. 2 2 1 1 2 2 10 M MEDIUM Great Kei Pollution in estuaries doesn’t have to be Estuary Management Plan but must be sewage management priority. Simple solution at LM level - as a honey sucker there or not? 3 2 2 1 2 2 12 M MEDIUM Ultimately becomes the residents responsibility Great Kei Emergency breaching of Cefane river mouth has to be done to avoid flooding - an EMP 2 2 3 1 1 3 12 M MEDIUM needs to be developed Mnquma M Unable to plan effectively for climate change adaptation and mitigation 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 MEDIUM Mnquma M No generation of current knowledge on estuarine ecology and threats 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 MEDIUM Mnquma M Capacity building needed for effective estuarine management 1 1 2 0 3 2 9 MEDIUM Mnquma M Only a few estuaries have been described 1 1 2 0 3 2 9 MEDIUM Mnquma M Funding is a major challenge for estuarine management 1 1 2 0 3 2 9 MEDIUM Mbhashe Need for EMPs for Mbhashe LM estuaries 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 M MEDIUM Mbhashe No generation of current knowledge on estuarine ecology and threats 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 M MEDIUM

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 143 Amathole District Municipality

Facilitation of Coastal Access

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa CPA Lack of Access through Mgwalana and at other coastal resorts 3 2 2 1 3 3 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa CPA Security issues related with public access 3 2 3 2 2 3 15 H HIGH Ngqushwa MCR Poaching along the Ngqushwa coastline is an issue 2 2 3 2 2 3 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa CPA It must be noted that the ICMA talks about reasonable access 3 2 2 1 3 2 13 H HIGH Ngqushwa The lack of open dialogue between communities is a big handicap when trying to CPA 3 2 2 2 3 3 15 H HIGH address issues, particularly access. Ngqushwa CPA Local Municipalities are still responsible for managing access 3 2 2 1 3 2 13 H HIGH Great Kei Little clarity exists with regards to the location and accessibility of public servitudes (eg: CPA 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH Yellowsands and Nyarha) Great Kei CID Tar roads and gravel roads are in poor condition 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH Great Kei CSP Cannot use ICMA to justify thoroughfare - this must be made clear 4 2 2 2 3 2 15 H HIGH Great Kei The road across the lagoon in Morgan Bay has been washed away and is the access CID 1 3 2 2 2 3 13 H HIGH road to the only beach left at Morgan Bay Great Kei You cannot access the beach at Kei Mouth without driving through Morgan Bay who CID 1 3 2 2 2 3 13 H HIGH cannot handle all the cars. Great Kei CPA There are no public ablution facilities along the coast 3 2 1 2 2 3 13 H HIGH

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 144 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Mnquma CPA Need to manage coastal access as per ICM Act 4 2 2 1 3 2 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa Lack of access through Fish River caravan park for subsistence fishermen 1 2 2 1 3 3 12 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa Illegal vehicle access at Hamburg 1 2 3 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa No access to coastal reserves (East London Nature reserve) 2 1 1 1 3 2 10 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa The Government is trying to address historical scenario regarding access but it must 2 1 1 1 3 2 10 M MEDIUM allow for all affected parties to be considered Ngqushwa Free access will result in organised gangs targeting Mgwalana area and the community 3 2 1 1 2 3 12 M MEDIUM member are aware that any action taken against these gangs usually ends in violence Ngqushwa Perlemoen poaching along the coast between Bira and Mtati. Free access to the beach 2 2 3 2 1 2 12 M MEDIUM will result in an escalation of poaching Great Kei There is some conservation value in not having access to the coast 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Great Kei Historical background is needed on access paths that have now been closed 3 1 2 1 1 2 10 M MEDIUM Mnquma Some access facilities such as boardwalks unsafe for use 1 2 2 1 3 2 11 M MEDIUM Mbhashe Need for improved promotion of coastal access via the provision of appropriate 3 1 1 1 3 2 11 M MEDIUM amenities such as parking, toilets, boardwalks, etc. Mbhashe Need for efforts towards the construction of community access roads, using labour- based intensive techniques as a way of creating employment opportunities for the 3 1 1 1 3 3 12 M MEDIUM respective communities .

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 145 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei There is no access at Nyarha for pedestrians to travel onwards to Mooiplaas 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 L LOW Great Kei Off road vehicles on the beaches and dunes at Bulura. 1 1 2 1 1 2 8 L LOW Mbhashe Need to identify additional boat launch sites. 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 L LOW

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 146 Amathole District Municipality

Awareness, Education, Training, Capacity Building and Information

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa ICB There is a lack of capacity in Ngqushwa LM to manage coastal activities and issues. 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H HIGH Ngqushwa A centralised, publically accessible centralised database for all of the Ngqushwa LM EA 4 2 2 1 2 2 13 H HIGH IDPs, SDFs, EMPs, SEAs etc. is not available. Ngqushwa LMs not always aware of coastal programmes and what they can offer (e.g. the WftC EA 4 2 2 2 2 3 15 H HIGH programme) Ngqushwa There are vacant buildings that have been constructed in Hamburg and these buildings EA should be utilised to run education programmes from. The owners of the buildings 2 2 2 2 2 3 13 H HIGH need to be contacted and education centers should be set up. Ngqushwa There is a lack of understanding of the coastline within the municipality which draws ICB 2 2 2 2 2 3 13 H HIGH focus away from coastal issues. Ngqushwa Legislation changes on a regular basis and all stakeholders need to be kept updated. It is EA 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH very difficult to keep track of this. Ngqushwa Ward councillors are not always involved and consulted with when developments, ICB education programmes and research programmes are being proposed and 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H EA HIGH implemented. Ngqushwa A lot of research takes place in the Keiskamma estuary and the research needs to be EA 3 2 3 2 1 3 14 H HIGH accessible to the community. Libraries, resource centers, etc need to be created. Great Kei LMs not always aware of coastal programmes and what they can offer (e.g. the WftC ICB 4 2 2 2 2 3 15 H HIGH programme) Great Kei ICB There is an unfunded post for an Environmental Officer in the Great Kei LM. 4 2 3 1 3 2 15 H HIGH

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 147 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei LM officials often do not receive adequate training to be able to fulfil their ICB 3 3 2 1 2 3 14 H HIGH responsibilities Great Kei ICB There is a lack of capacity within the Great Kei LM 4 2 3 2 3 2 16 H HIGH Great Kei Environmental legislation and policies and the legal obligation associated with them are ICB not always communicated to LM officials, residents associations and other members 3 3 3 1 2 2 14 H EA HIGH living within the Great Kei LM Great Kei Communities need to educated to change their thinking to realise that the environment EA 4 1 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH is an asset Great Kei A lack of understanding of coastal management and coastal issues results in a lack of EA 3 2 2 2 3 3 15 H HIGH funding ICB Great Kei DEA should invest more on accredited training to capacitate beneficiaries and areas ICB 3 2 2 2 3 3 15 H HIGH including monitoring, life guarding etc. Great Kei EA Education from entry level learners at schools and on-going workshops 4 1 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH Great Kei The department must go to the community and inform the people and educate the EA people where the protected areas are and what they are allowed to do there or put up 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH signs (particularly MPAs) Great Kei ICB Workshop municipal officials about coastal importance 3 2 2 2 3 3 15 H HIGH Ngqushwa education and awareness also need to extend to the tribal authorities 3 2 1 1 1 2 10 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa There is a lack of understanding of the coastline within the municipality which draws 2 1 1 1 2 3 10 M MEDIUM focus away from coastal issues.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 148 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPRAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei It is difficult to educate senior members of the LM. 1 2 2 1 1 2 9 M MEDIUM Great Kei The roles and responsibilities of LM officials are not always made clear - spatial 3 2 2 1 2 1 11 M MEDIUM programmes need to be developed to highlight responsibilities Great Kei Presentations and documents are in English and a lot of the community do not 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 M MEDIUM understand what is going on Mnquma Lack of funding opportunities for Awareness/Education in Mnquma LM 4 0 1 0 3 2 10 M MEDIUM Mnquma No capacity/personnel to perform awareness and education 4 0 1 0 3 2 10 M MEDIUM Mnquma No training programmes specific to coastal management 4 0 1 0 3 2 10 M MEDIUM Mbhashe Capacity building, training and awareness raising with regards to Mbhashe LM officials 4 1 1 1 3 2 12 M MEDIUM and political heads and representatives needed. Mbhashe It is imperative to empower communities with respect to the importance of the coastal zone; encourage participation in coastal initiatives, and instill a sense of pride and 1 0 1 0 3 2 7 L LOW custodianship over coastal zone as a natural asset. Mbhashe Mbhashe LM not fully participating in awareness campaigns by external agencies. 1 0 1 1 3 2 8 L LOW

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 149 Amathole District Municipality

Compliance, Monitoring and Enforcement

LOSSES

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa ICB ADM wants to fund the training of EMIs but cannot due to a lack of funds 4 2 2 1 2 3 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa The use of estuaries and the coast urgently requires by laws to regulate certain EM 3 3 2 1 3 2 14 H HIGH activities. Ngqushwa HIGH Lack of enforcement personnel with no one working in coastal compliance 4 2 2 1 3 3 15 H MCR Ngqushwa Communities and the authorities need to work together in joint operations at certain MCR 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH times. Ngqushwa People on the ground are excluded when dealing with enforcement. We are happy to MCR 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH work together to alert law enforcement.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 150 Amathole District Municipality

LOSSES

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa Communities need to know who to contact with regards to alerting enforcement MRC 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH officials to illegal activities EA Ngqushwa There is no platform for communities to get involved but this needs to be managed to MCR 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH prevent vigilante behaviour Ngqushwa MCR Local community watch programmes and policing forums need to be established 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa Monitors are present that keep an eye. Especially around Hamburg but people cross MCR 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 H HIGH the Keiskamma into BCMM, where there are no monitors, to poach abalone Great Kei ICB Lack of funding for the training of EMIs 4 2 2 1 2 3 14 H HIGH Great Kei The use of estuaries and the coast urgently requires by-laws to regulate certain EM 3 3 2 1 3 2 14 H HIGH activities. Great Kei MCR Lack of enforcement personnel with no one working in coastal compliance 4 2 2 1 3 3 15 H HIGH Great Kei MCR EMIs sit at the provincial level and is an opportunity for LMs to appoint them 4 2 2 1 2 3 14 H HIGH Great Kei National legislation needs to be brought down to by-law level. The incorporation of MCR 4 2 3 1 2 3 15 H HIGH legislation into by-laws increases capacity Great Kei MCR Selective application of the legislation 3 2 2 2 2 2 13 H HIGH Great Kei The department selectively applies sanctions and enforcement thereof in Chintsa East MCR 3 2 2 2 2 2 13 H HIGH and particularly Chintsa West Great Kei ICB There is an unfunded position in the GKM for an environmental officer 4 2 2 2 3 3 16 H HIGH Great Kei With regards to Hag Haga area, they are so far away from law enforcers. It would be MCR 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH beneficial to have locals who are trained and in a position to be able to enforce the

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 151 Amathole District Municipality

LOSSES

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures laws ("honorary" fisheries officers etc.) as they do have an active registered Conservancy Association Great Kei There needs to be closer communication between the departments and authorities to MCR 4 2 2 1 2 3 14 H HIGH enforce the law Mnquma MCR Presently no by-laws to enforce ICM Act 4 2 2 2 3 1 14 H HIGH Mnquma MCR Mnquma LM has no capacity to enforce environmental laws 4 2 2 2 3 1 14 H HIGH Mbhashe MCR Presently no by-laws to enforce ICM Act 4 2 2 2 3 1 14 H HIGH Mbhashe MCR Mbhashe LM has no capacity to enforce environmental laws 4 2 2 2 3 1 14 H HIGH Ngqushwa Abalone poaching is often raised as a concern in the Hamburg Area 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa There is no response from the authorities regarding how to deal with the lack of 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM enforcement capacity Ngqushwa Illegal fishing and fish sales, particularly at the Fish River bridge. 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa There is also poaching alongside the coastal areas especially vacant land and increase in criminal activities along the coast. Visible patrols and enforcing compliance in the 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 M MEDIUM surrounding areas might reduce/mitigate/eliminate the impacts and risks Ngqushwa Majority of residents are elderly people and cannot defend themselves against criminals. The Bell police station supports the security gate that controls access through 2 2 3 2 1 2 12 M MEDIUM Mgwalana Great Kei There is no response from the authorities regarding how to deal with the lack of 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM enforcement capacity

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 152 Amathole District Municipality

LOSSES

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Great Kei Building regulations are not always followed. 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Great Kei Administrative action needs to be taken, not just criminal action 4 1 1 1 1 2 10 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa Sand mining along the Mtana River and Hamburg beach 1 1 2 1 1 2 8 L LOW Ngqushwa Snares are found in the area and removing the gate will further compromise the safety 1 2 1 1 1 2 8 L LOW of the wildlife in the area. Great Kei Sand mining activities occurring along the Great Kei coastline 1 1 2 1 1 2 8 L LOW

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 153 Amathole District Municipality

Natural Resource Management

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures Ngqushwa MCR Access is an issues when trying to manage and monitor coastal resources 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H HIGH Ngqushwa MCR The clearance of vegetation down to the edge of the estuary in residential areas 3 2 2 1 3 2 13 H HIGH Ngqushwa ECBCP identified large CBA 1 areas yet only a small portion of those areas are formally MCR 2 3 2 1 3 2 13 H HIGH protected Great Kei MCR Endangered and vulnerable species found within the Great Kei LM require protection. 3 2 2 1 3 2 13 H HIGH Great Kei MCR Natural coastal resources are heavily impacted. 3 3 2 1 3 3 15 H HIGH Mnquma MCR Need to deal effectively with illegal sand mining 2 2 2 2 3 2 13 H HIGH Mbhashe MCR Need to deal effectively with illegal sand mining 2 2 2 2 3 2 13 H HIGH Ngqushwa Areas where sand mining activities have occurred require rehabilitation, in particular on 2 2 2 1 3 2 12 M MEDIUM Hamburg beach. Ngqushwa Protection status of state forests needs to be improved - ECPTA and DAFF need to 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM survey coastal forests and declare their protection status Ngqushwa Alien vegetation such as lantana, buck weed and "silver bush". Alien vegetation 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM eradication programmes have been implemented but need to continue Ngqushwa EPWP did a lot of work on removing Fort Jackson trees but this needs to be readdressed 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM Great Kei There are marine protected areas but there are no boundaries showing from where to 3 2 2 1 2 3 13 H MEDIUM where. The department must inform and educate the communities as to where the

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 154 Amathole District Municipality

LM Priority Rating Criteria ->

1.MAGNITUDE 2.SEVERITY 3.RISK 4.IMAGE 5.TEMPORAL OPPORTUNITY 6. LOSSES TOTALSCORE PRIORITY THEME Issues and Pressures boundaries are and what you are and aren’t allowed to do in the protected areas

Great Kei Communities are impacted on by the expansion of protected Areas. Communities can 2 2 2 1 2 3 12 M MEDIUM push through to exploit resources (eg: MPAs) Great Kei It is difficult to acquire information from DMR regarding existing mining rights and 4 1 2 1 2 2 12 M MEDIUM mining permits. Great Kei There is poor monitoring and management of protected areas in the Great Kei LM by 2 2 2 1 2 2 11 M MEDIUM ECPTA due to a lack of capacity Great Kei Large population and GKM but limited coastal resources therefore even if every person 3 2 2 1 2 2 12 M MEDIUM sticks to the legal catch limits, resources will still be heavily impacted Great Kei LMs can manage coastal forests 3 1 1 1 2 3 11 M MEDIUM Mnquma Need to curb illegal forestry (e.g. Kobonqaba, Gqunqe) 1 3 2 1 3 2 12 M MEDIUM Mnquma Harvesting of some plants, e.g. yellowwood (for fence construction), olive trees. 2 1 1 1 3 1 9 M MEDIUM Mbhashe Need to establish community-based natural resource management. 2 1 1 1 3 1 9 M MEDIUM Ngqushwa The impacts of Restio collection activities for basket making are unknown 2 1 1 0 2 1 7 L LOW Ngqushwa Wire snares have been found around Mgwalana cottages 1 2 1 1 1 2 8 L LOW Mbhashe No capacity to respond to oil spills 1 1 1 0 1 1 5 L LOW

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 155 Amathole District Municipality

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 156 Amathole District Municipality

APPENDIX C: IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

CMAP1 – Coastal Infrastructure Development

Date: Revision No: Prepared by: Approved by:

CMAP NO: 001 CMAP TITLE: Coastal Infrastructure Development Overview of issue: Coastal infrastructure is vital in the facilitation of tourism, economic development and the provision of public access to the coast.

Issue A lack of infrastructure and services has hindered development of the coastal zone in ADM However, the economic and infrastructure needs within the coastal areas in ADM must be addressed in an environmentally appropriate manner that fulfils the objectives of the ICMA.

Causes of identified issue - Poor sewage infrastructure and management in coastal areas. - Lack of open conversation between the communities and authorities with regards to the development of the coastal zone. - Infrastructure located in areas vulnerable to climate change impacts - Uncertainty as to the status of ownership of land and zoning of land in some areas. Impacts of issue: - Destruction and damage of infrastructure due to storm surges and sea level rise. - Destruction of coastal dunes and beaches. - Destruction of estuarine habitats and wetlands. - Lack of development due to inadequate sewage infrastructure. - Poor water quality of estuaries and swimming beaches - Loss of tourism opportunities. Objectives and Targets: Objective(s) To ensure that safe and equitable access to the coast for all people within the ADM is facilitated and maintained by identifying areas that require the provision of new coastal access points and by ensuring that existing coastal access points, and the public amenities associated thereof, are in a state that conforms with the requirements set out in the ICMA.

Sub-objectives - Review of existing coastal development within the ADMs coastal zone (Housing, resorts, coastal access, public amenities, etc). - Provision of bulk sanitation and water infrastructure to coastal development nodes - The development of tourism infrastructure within the ADM coastal zone Key performance - Clearly demarcated boundaries of coastal nodes incorporated within the ADM and LM indicators (KPIs): SDFs. - State of sewage infrastructure in the coastal zone summarised in Situational Analysis of the ADMs WSDP and IDP. - A geo-database of all infrastructure in the coastal zone that is vulnerable to climate change. - A geo-database of the current zonings and rights for development in the coastal zone. - Operational bulk sanitation infrastructure at the following coastal nodes: Hamburg, Chintsa, Kei Mouth, Dewsa/Cwebe, Morgan Bay and Mazeppa Bay. - Operational bulk sanitation infrastructure at the following coastal nodes:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 157 Amathole District Municipality Mgwalana, Birha, Qolora and Wavecrest. - Identification of four key coastal areas requiring infrastructure for the development of tourism incorporated into the ADM Tourism Master Plan. Toolbox: - DEA: Oceans and Coasts - Working for the Coast - EPWP - ECPTA - DEDEAT: Coastal Zone Management - Eastern Cape Provincial Coastal Committee - Amathole District Coastal Committee - DEA: Oceans and Coasts resources - Aspire

Dr D.E. (Niel) Malan Deputy Director: Coastal Planning & Environmental Protection Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Private Bag X2 Rogge Bay Cape Town 8012Tel: +27-21-4023021 Fax: +27-21-4023009 Web: http://www.environment.gov.za

E-mail [email protected]

Legislation and regulatory National legislation framework: - National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 - National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act 24 of 2008 - National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003 - National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 - Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998 - National Water Act 36 of 1998

Relevant policy; - White Paper on Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa (2000)

Links to other plans, authorities, regulations; - National Coastal Management Programme (2014) - Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme (2013 - Amathole District Municipality Integrated Environmental Management Plan (2012) - STEP Programme - DEDEAT National Biodiversity Programme - ECBCP: terrestrial and aquatic - ADM SDF (2012) - ADM IDP (2012-2017) - Coastal EMF (2010) - Wild Coast EMP

COASTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (CMAP)

CMAP Title: Coastal Infrastructure Development

No Activity Responsible Budget Starting Completion Comments Person Requirements Date Date 158 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 158 1  Review of existing coastal  ADM Health  R300 000 June 2017 September Possible development within the ADM and LM Services: 2017 outsourcing coastal zone must include: Environmental of activity - Delineation of existing ADM and Pollution LM coastal nodes  ADM: - A report on the state of the Development sewerage infrastructure in each and Spatial coastal LM Planning - Identification of infrastructure  LM Engineering vulnerable to storm surges and sea within the ADM and LM coastal zone - Identification of coastal lands which have inappropriate zonings or rights for development within the coastal LMs 2  The provision of bulk sanitation and  ADM R180 000 000 June 2017 March 2021 Outsourcing water infrastructure to coastal Engineering of activity development nodes includes:  ADM Water - Completion of the following Care sanitation projects, as per the  Amatola Water ADM Water Services Development Plan: Hamburg, Chintsa, Kei Mouth, Dwesa/Cwebe, Morgan Bay and Mazeppa Bay - Provision of bulk sanitation to the following coastal nodes: Mgwalana, Birha, Qolora and Wavecrest 3  The development of tourism  ADM Tourism R 500 000 June 2017 June 2018 Outsourcing infrastructure within the ADM  ADM of activity coastal zone by: Community - Identifying at least one key Services location within each coastal LM  LM Community where infrastructure is required to Services increase coastal tourism potential - Incorporation of each identified site into the ADM and LM tourism development plans

CMAP2 – Coastal Public Access Facilitation

Date: Revision No: Prepared by: Approved by:

CMAP NO: 002 CMAP TITLE: Coastal Public Access and Amenities 159 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 159 Overview of issue: Coastal infrastructure is vital in the facilitation of tourism and economic development within the coastal zone of the ADM.

Issue

It should also be noted that the promulgated Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICMA, 2008), specifically provides for the facilitation of coastal public access.

Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICMA)

Access to coastal public property 13. (1) Subject to this Act and any other applicable legislation, any natural person in the Republic – (a) has a right to reasonable access to coastal public property; and (b) is entitled to use and enjoy coastal public property, provided such use – (i) does not adversely affect the rights of members of the public to use and enjoy the coastal public property; (ii) does not hinder the State in the performance of its duty to protect the environment; and (iii) does not cause an adverse effect (1A) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), no person may prevent access to coastal public property. (2) This section does not prevent prohibitions or restrictions on access to, or the use of, any part of coastal public property – (a) which is or forms part of a protected area; (b) to protect the environment, including biodiversity; (c) in the interests of the whole community; (d) in the interests of national security; or (e) in the national interest (3)(a) No fee may be charged for access to coastal public property without the approval of the Minister (b) The Minister may by notice in the Gazette publish maximum feed for access to coastal public property or infrastructure located therein, payable by persons in general or a category of persons. (c) Any person or organ of state may apply to the Minister to charge a fee in excess of the maximum published in terms of paragraph (b). (d) The provisions of paragraph (a) shall not apply to fees for the use of facilities or activities which are located on or in coastal public property. (4) The Minister, before granting approval for imposition of a fee, must require a public participation process in accordance with Part 5 of Chapter 6 to enable interested and affected parties to make representations. (5) Subsection (3) and (4)do not apply to coastal public property – (a) for which a coastal use permit has been issued in terms of section 65; or (b) that is, or forms part of, a protected area or a port or harbour..

Causes of identified issue - Lack of public access, amenities and awareness within the coastal zone. - Poor condition of existing access roads to coastal areas. - Lack of open conversation between the communities and authorities with regards to the provision of public access within the coastal zone. Impacts of issue: - Loss of tourism opportunities. - Little or no economic benefit to communities within the coastal zone. Objectives and Targets: Objective(s) To ensure that safe and equitable access to the coast for all people within the ADM is facilitated and maintained by identifying areas that require the provision of new coastal access points and by ensuring that existing coastal access points, and the public amenities associated thereof, are in a state that conforms with the requirements set out in the ICMA. The ADM must also aim to achieve Blue Flag Beach Status for at least one beach within each coastal Local Municipality.

160 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 160 Sub-objectives - The facilitation of physical and equitable public access to the ADM coastal zone - Improve the condition of existing public access points and associated public amenities - Increase the number of Blue Flag Beaches within the ADM Key performance - Geo-database of all coastal access points and their legal status. indicators (KPIs): - Public access points at Mgwalana and Fish River. - Four new coastal public access points along the ADM coastline, including public amenity infrastructure. - Upgraded coastal public amenities at Hamburg, Morgan Bay and Kei Mouth. - List of four beaches nominated to receive Blue Flag Beach Status. Toolbox: - DEA: Oceans and Coasts - Working for the Coast  Department of Environmental Affairs. (2014). National Coastal Access Strategy for South Africa 2014. Strategy 2 to the Implementation of the ICM Act, March 2014. Cape Town.  Department of Environmental Affairs. (2014). A Guide for the Designation and Management of Coastal Access in South Africa 2014. Guide 2 to the Implementation of the ICM Act, March 2014. Cape Town. - EPWP - ECPTA - DEDEAT: Coastal Zone Management - Eastern Cape Provincial Coastal Committee - Amathole District Coastal Committee - DEA: Oceans and Coasts resources - Aspire

E-mail [email protected]

Relevant policy; - White Paper on Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa (2000)

Links to other plans, authorities, regulations; - National Coastal Management Programme (2014) - Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme (2013) - Amathole District Municipality Draft Integrated Coastal Management Programme (2015) - Amathole District Municipality Integrated Environmental Management Plan (2016/2017) - STEP Programme 161 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 161 - DEDEAT National Biodiversity Programme - ECBCP: terrestrial and aquatic - Coastal EMF (2010) - Wild Coast EMP

COASTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (CMAP)

CMAP Title: Coastal Public Access and Amenities

No Activity Responsible Budget Starting Completion Comments Person Requirements Date Date 1  The facilitation of physical and  ADM Possible June 2017 March Possible equitable public access to the ADM Development source of 2021 outsourcing coastal zone requires: and Spatial funding from: of activity - Development of an inventory of all Planning  DEA: Oceans coastal access points and their  ADM Local and Coasts legal status (e.g: Mtati and Municipal  R 300 000 Yellowsands) Support - The ADM to assist the Ngqushwa  ADM Local Local Municipality to resolve access Economic issues at Mgwalana Development - Identification of at least one new  LM coastal public access point with Infrstructure associated public amenity infrastructure in each coastal Local Municipality 2  Improve the condition of existing  ADM R 500 000 June 2017 December public access points and associated Development 2018 public amenities: and Spatial - Assist the Local Municipalities to Planning upgrade the following existing  ADM Local coastal public amenities: Municipal Hamburg, Support Morgan Bay and  ADM Local Kei Mouth. Economic Development  LM Infrastructure 3 Increase the number of beaches with  ADM R 800 000 June 2017 March Blue Flag Status: Environmental 2021 - Nominate one beach from each Management coastal Local Municipality to  ADM Health receive Blue Flag Beach Status. Services: - Achieve Blue Flag Status for each Environmental nominated beach within the ADM Pollution  ADM Local Economic Development  LM Environmental Management

162 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 162

CMAP3 – Coastal Spatial Planning

Date: Revision No: Prepared by: Approved by:

CMAP NO: 003 CMAP TITLE: Coastal Spatial Planning Overview of issue: The coastal and marine environment forms a significant part of the ADM jurisdiction and extends from the Great Fish River in the south to the River in the north, a distance of about 70 km. The coastal and marine environment comprises: inshore and offshore reefs, sandy beaches, rocky shores, estuaries, dunes and coastal vegetation. This area is an extremely valuable asset and resource due to its aesthetic value, ecological and biological diversity and economic potential.

Coastal developmental sprawl The integrity of marine and coastal resources is vulnerable to a variety impacts largely resulting from human activities such as coastal urban and rural sprawl, uncontrolled and unmonitored development in coastal areas and development that may pose a threat to eco-tourism through environment degradation.

This CMAP is important in providing guidance for managing the development in the coastal zone in order to promote sustainable coastal development in line with: - White Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development (2000) - National Coastal Management Programme (2015) - Integrated Coastal Management Act (2008) - Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme (2013) - Coastal EMF (2009) - Ngqushwa SDF and SEA (2012) -

There will inevitably be impacts due to the increasing development in the coastal zone within ADM. However, in order to preserve the coastline and prevent degradation, it is necessary to provide guidelines and a framework in which to best deal with any development in the coastal zone.

Integrated Coastal Management Act (2008) (as amended 2014)

It should be noted that the ICMA includes various requirements that have VERY IMPORTANT spatial planning implications for Ngqushwa LM and in terms of the SDF, with specific reference to Coastal Protection Zone, Coastal Management Lines and Coastal Access.

Relevant sections of the ICMA include: Section 16 - Composition of coastal protection zone Section 18 - Designation of coastal access land Section 20 – Responsibilities of municipalities with regard to coastal access land Section 25 - Establishment of coastal management (set-back) lines Section 31 - Marking coastal boundaries on zoning maps Section 56 - Planning schemes for areas within coastal zone Section 57 - Coastal planning and land use schemes of municipalities Section 62 - Implementation of land use legislation in coastal protection zone

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 163 Amathole District Municipality

Locality: Entire length of ADM coastline and ebb and flow of estuaries Causes of identified issue - Population increase on coastline - Lack of demarcated urban edges - Lack of monitoring and enforcement of SDF - Lack of consideration of coastal environments and environmental issues in spatial planning in coastal areas - Lack of compliance with coastal legislation and policy Impacts of issue: - Disturbance and degradation of sensitive environments in coastal zone - Uncontrolled urban and rural sprawl along coastline. - Loss of coastal resources (e.g. wetlands, forests, dunes, etc.) Objectives and Targets: Objective(s) Develop spatial planning guidelines for the sustainable development of the ADM coastal zone consistent with ICMA and other legislation and policy requirements, particularly: - Coastal Protection Zone - Coastal Management Lines - Coastal Access - Climate change risks - Coastal EMF

Sub-objective(s) - Develop spatial planning guidelines for the sustainable development of the ADM coastal zone Performance indicators: - Developed ADM Coastal Spatial Planning Guideline - Incorporation of key spatial planning principals into the ADM and LM 2016 SDF. - Urban edges for all urban nodes within the coastal zone clearly indicated in the ADM SDF - Environmentally sensitive and “no-go” areas identified in the Coastal EMF and Wild Coast EMF are clearly indicated in the ADM and LM SDFs. Toolbox: - GIS Mapping - ADM SDF and SEA - Coastal EMF - Wild Coast EMP - National Coastal Management Plan (2014) - Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme (2013) - ECBCP- Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan - ADM Environmental Management Programme (2012)

Legislation and regulatory Legislation framework: - National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act 24 of 2008 - National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 - National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003 - National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 - Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998 - Ciskei (Environmental Conservation) Decree 9 of 1992

Relevant policy; - White Paper on Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa (2000) - National Coastal Management Programme (2014) - Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme (2013) - ECBCP- Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan

Links to other plans, authorities, regulations; - DWAF Working for Water - STEP Programme - DEAT - National Biodiversity Programme - SALGA – Municipal Biodiversity Programme

164 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 164

COASTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (CMAP)

CMAP Title: Coastal Spatial Planning

No Activity Responsible Budget Starting Completion Comments Person Requirements Date Date 1  Develop spatial planning guidelines  ADM Possible June 2017 December Possible for the sustainable development of Environmental source of 2017 outsourcing the ADM coastal zone: Management funding from: of activity - Develop ADM Coastal Spatial  ADM Legislative  DEA: Oceans Planning Guidelines in alignment Support and Coasts with the ICMA. Services  R 500 000 - Incorporate the following key  ADM spatial principals into the next SDF Development review: and Spatial - Coastal protection zone, coastal Planning management lines, coastal access  ADM GIS Unit points and climate change risks. - Ensure that LMs define and establish urban edges for all urban nodes within the ADMs coastal zone. - Ensure that environmentally sensitive areas and “no-go” development areas, as identified in the Coastal EMF and Wild Coast EMF are integrated into the ADM and LM SDFs.

CMAP4 – Education and awareness

Date: Revision No: Prepared by: Approved by:

CMAP NO: 004 CMAP TITLE: Information, Education and Awareness Overview of issue: The ADM coastline is rich in biodiversity and has many estuaries, beaches and rocky shores that are in good condition. It is vital to conserve and effectively manage this natural heritage and requires the coordination and cooperation of the communities, authorities and private sector. The following issues impact the effective coordination and cooperation of these parties in conserving and managing the coastline: - Information regarding municipal plans relevant to coastal management, coastal bylaws and coastal legislation and regulations is not easily accessible by the public - Communities are not engaged with regarding the development of municipal plans. - Lack of education and awareness of coastal conservation within coastal communities Causes of identified issue - Lack of centralised database for all municipal plans relevant to coastal management, coastal bylaws, coastal legislation and regulations that is easily accessible by the public. - Coastal stakeholder database is not inclusive of all community representatives.

165 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 165 - No clear channel with which the communities can engage with the municipality regarding coastal issues. - Lack of open dialogue between the authorities, municipality, tribal authorities and the public regarding coastal management. - No sense of custodianship of the coast within coastal communities - Lack of communication between the municipality and national departments regarding education and coastal programmes that could benefit the municipality. - Lack of education centers that focus on coastal conservation and management. Impacts of issue: - Communities that are affected by municipal plans have not had the opportunity to comment. - Inappropriate activities and development in the coastal zone occurs if municipal plans and coastal legislation is not easily accessible by the public. - Coastal issues are not addressed if communities cannot communicate with the municipality. - Municipalities do not benefit from projects such as WftC programmes. - Tribal Authorities are not afforded the opportunity to be involved in coastal management activities. Objectives and Targets: Objective: The main objective of this CMAP is to instil a sense of custodianship of the coast amongst all coastally communities through education and awareness of coastal conservation and management.

Sub-objectives: - Creation of a central, publically accessible database of all relevant coastal plans, policies and legislation Update the coastal stakeholder database. - Develop a coastal stakeholder database. - The facilitation of coastal education and awareness programmes within the ADM. Key performance - A link to the online centralised database accessible from the ADM webpage. indicators (KPIs): - A checklist of the availability of all hardcopies of relevant coastal plans, policies, legislation, etc to be sent to all public libraries within the ADM. - ADM Coastal stakeholder database. - Recorded participation of coastal stakeholders at ADM Coastal Committee meetings. - Recorded participation of tribal authorities and community trusts at ADM Coastal Committee meetings. - Report on the current state of coastal awareness and education programmes in the ADM. - A list of opportunities for coastal awareness and education programmes within the ADM. - A coastal education and awareness programme to be presented at schools. - One coastal and awareness campaign initiated within each coastal Local Municipality. - Utilisation of the existing Environmental Learning Center in Hamburg as a coastal awareness and education center - Development of a coastal and awareness center in the Great Kei Local Municipality - Development of a coastal and awareness center in the Mnquma Local Municipality - Development of a coastal and awareness center in the Mbhashe Local Municipality Toolbox: - ADM: Environmental management - ADM IT department - DEA: WftC programme - EPWP - SEION - Keiskamma Trust - East London Museum - Eastern Cape Provincial Coastal Committee - Amathole District Coastal Committee - Rhodes University 166 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 166 - Aspire

Dr D.E. (Niel) Malan Marita Venter Deputy Director: Coastal Planning & Education Section of the East London Environmental Protection Museum Department of Environmental Affairs and 319 Oxford Street(Entrance from Dawson Tourism Road) Private Bag X2 Southernwood Rogge Bay East London Cape Town Tel: 043 743 0686 8012 Fax: 043 743 3127 Tel: +27-21-4023021 Web: www.elmuseum.za.org Fax: +27-21-4023009 Web: http://www.environment.gov.za E-mail [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Relevant policy; - White Paper on Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa (2000)

Links to other plans, authorities, regulations; - National Coastal Management Programme (2014) - Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme (2013) - Amathole District Municipality Draft Integrated Coastal Management Programme (2015/2016) - Amathole District Municipality Integrated Environmental Management Plan (2012) - STEP Programme - DEDEAT National Biodiversity Programme - ECBCP: terrestrial and aquatic - Coastal EMF (2010) - Wild Coast EMP

COASTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (CMAP)

CMAP Title: Information, Education and Awareness

No Activity Responsible Budget Starting Completion Comments Person Requirements Date Date 1  Create a centralised, publically  ADM R 200 000 June August 2017 accessible coastal database, which Environmental 2017 must include, but is not limited to, Management the following latest documents:  ADM Legislative - ADM IDP Support Services - ADM LSDF  ADM - ADM SEA Information Technology - National CMP Services - Eastern Cape CMP 167 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 167 - ADM CMP - Coastal EMF - All environmental legislation - All coastal legislation - All coastal regulation - All coastal bylaws  Create an online database with a link to the database from the ADM website  All libraries must have hard copies of all relevant documents. 2  Develop and maintain an ADM  ADM Coastal N/A June March 2021 coastal stakeholder database Committee 2017  The following ADM stakeholders must be included: - Community Trusts - Coastal ward councillors and ward committees - Traditional leaders and community trusts in coastal areas - All coastal Rate Payers and Residents Associations - Representatives from hotels and resorts - Ski boat clubs 3  The facilitation of coastal education  ADM: R 800 000 June March 2021 Possible and awareness programmes within Environmental 2017 outsourcing the ADM: Management of activity - Develop new coastal education and awareness programme by  ADM Coastal incorporating existing Committee programmes and new programmes identified in SWOT  East London analysis Museum - Develop education programme to be presented at schools. The  ADM Local programme must discuss the Economic following coastal aspects: Development  Description of the coast  Ecological importance  Economic importance  Threats to the coast  Coastal management tools  How communities can work towards conserving and managing the coast - Development of Coastal Education Centers. The Coastal Education Centers must aim to achieve the following:  Be easily accessible to the public  Provide a center where research being conducted in the coastal zone can be communicated to the public  Develop education themes 168 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 168 relating to coastal issues, which are renewed quarterly  Create educational and interactive displays relating to coastal education themes - Utilise the existing Environmental Learning Center in Hamburg as a coastal awareness and education center - Development of a coastal and awareness center in the Great Kei Local Municipality - Development of a coastal and awareness center in the Mnquma Local Municipality - Development of a coastal and awareness center in the Mbhashe

CMAP5 – Estuary Management

Date: Revision No: Prepared by: Approved by:

CMAP NO: 005 CMAP TITLE: Estuary Management Overview of issue: The coastal and marine environment forms an important part of the ADM jurisdiction and extends from the Great Fish River in the south to the Mpako River in the north, a distance of about 190 km. The ADM coastline consists of 63 functional estuaries.

Issue Estuaries are sensitive unique environments and are susceptible to pollution and degradation from sources upstream and the surrounding areas. ADM contains a large number of estuaries, most of which are in good condition. It is important to design and implement strategies for managing these estuaries so that any disturbance or degradation is limited.

It should also be noted that the promulgated Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICMA, 2008), specifically provides for the development of Estuary Management Plans

Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICMA)

ESTUARIES

National estuarine management protocol 33. (1) Estuaries within the Republic must be managed in a co-ordinated and efficient manner and in accordance with a national estuarine management protocol. (2) The Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister responsible for water affairs, must within four years of the commencement of this Act prescribe a national estuarine management protocol. (3) The national estuarine management protocol must— (a) determine a strategic vision and objectives for achieving effective integrated management of estuaries;

169 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 169 (b) set standards for the management of estuaries; (c) establish procedures or give guidance regarding how estuaries must be managed and how the management responsibilities are to be exercised by different organs of state and other parties; (d) establish minimum requirements for estuarine management plans; (e) identify who must prepare estuarine management plans and the process to be followed in doing so; (f) specify the process for reviewing estuarine management plans to ensure that they comply with the requirements of this Act; and (g) be published for public comment in accordance with the procedure set out in Part 5 of Chapter 6.

Estuarine management plan 34. (1) The responsible body contemplated in section 33(3)(e) who develops an estuarine management plan must — (a) follow a public participation process in accordance with Part 5 of Chapter 6; and (b) ensure that the estuarine management plan and the process by which it is developed are consistent with— (i) the national estuarine management protocol; and (ii) the national coastal management programme and with the applicable provincial coastal management programme and municipal coastal management programme referred to in Parts 1, 2 and 3 of Chapter 6. (2) An estuarine management plan may form an integral part of a provincial coastal management programme or a municipal coastal management programme.

Causes of identified issue The following activities may contribute towards the deterioration in the environmental integrity of estuaries in the ADM: - Pollution of estuary water bodies from upstream pollutants due to: o Increased urbanisation o Inappropriate development near water courses (estuaries) o Non-point pollution sources of pollution affecting rivers and marine environments (estuaries) - Inappropriate development adjacent to estuaries - Clearance of riparian vegetation along the estuary banks - Over utilization of estuary resources (over fishing, sand mining, etc.) - Seepage of sewage from coastal developments into estuary water bodies - Aquaculture activities located in estuaries or close by to estuaries - Unauthorised maintenance activities (e.g. breaching of estuaries) - Legislative developments (ICMA) (estuary management plans) - Disturbance of biota (noise, craft, etc.) Impacts of issue: Impacts - Degradation and pollution of estuaries and reduced associate biodiversity - Negative impacts on surrounding environments - Detrimental impacts on health of people living in close proximity or utilising resources from polluted estuaries - Deterioration in estuary resources - Negative impacts on potential tourism opportunities

Objectives and Targets: Objective(s) The development and implementation of estuary management plans for the Keiskamma, Great Kei and Mbhashe estuaries that are in accordance with the National Estuary Management Protocol

In order to achieve these objectives, the following needs to occur: - Analysis of the current threat on estuaries within the ADM - Development of estuary management plans in accordance with the National Estuary Management Protocol 170 Amathole District Municipality Coastal Management Programme 2015 Page 170