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Morfo-Histologia Do Corpo Gorduroso Perivisceral Em Adultos De Hedypathes Betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

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Morfo-Histologia Do Corpo Gorduroso Perivisceral Em Adultos De Hedypathes Betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Morfo-histologia do corpo gorduroso perivisceral em adultos de Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Fat body perviceral morphology in adults of Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Rafael Alexandre Costa Ferreira1 Maria Eliza Miyoko Tomotake2(*) Helio Conte3 Resumo Nos insetos, o corpo gorduroso pode ser considerado um centro de metabolismo intermediário e também o local de síntese de alguns componentes da hemolinfa. Com objetivo de obter maiores informações sobre essa estrutura, foi realizado um estudo para a sua caracterização morfológica em adultos de Hedypathes betulinus Klug. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura ocorre em duas porções, a primeira, aderida ao trato digestivo e a segunda, associada ao tegumento, denominando-se, corpo gorduroso perivisceral e parietal, respectivamente. Histologicamente o corpo gorduroso apresenta dois tipos celulares, os trofócitos e os enócitos. Os trofócitos apresentam na área citoplasmática, vacúolos, núcleos esféricos, cromatina granular com variações na condensação, e em alguns casos, foram observados núcleos deslocados para a periferia celular. A presença de nucléolos múltiplos em algumas células sugere alta atividade nuclear. Os enócitos foram observados associados aos trofócitos, com núcleos centrais de formato esférico e cromatina de aspecto granular dispersa; os nucléolos apresentaram-se proeminentes em número variável e diferem dos trofócitos pela ausência de vacúolos, citoplasma granular, formato e tamanho das células. Palavras-chave: broca; Ilex paraguariensis; enócitos; trofócitos. 1 MSc.; Biólogo; Doutorando em Biologia Celular e Molecular na Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP; Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Dra.; Bióloga; Professora Associada do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO; Núcleo de Pesquisas Ambientais, NPA; Endereço: Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, CEDETEG, CEP: 85.040-080, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil; E-mail: [email protected] (*) Autora para correspondência. 3 Dr.; Biólogo; Professor Associado do Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM; Maringá, Paraná, Brasil; E-mail: [email protected] Recebido para publicação em 30/08/2010 e aceito em 27/09/2011 Ambiência Guarapuava (PR) v.7 n.3 p. 489-499 Set./Dez. 2011 ISSN 1808 - 0251 DOI:10.5777/ambiencia. 2011.03.07 Abstract In insects, the fat body may be considered a center of intermediary metabolism and also the site of synthesis of some components of the hemolymph. Aiming to obtain more knowledge about this structure, a study for characterization of morphological Hedypathes betulinus Klug was carried out. The results show that it takes place in two parts: the first one is adhered to the digestive tract, and the second one, associated with the coat, called the fat body and parietal perivisceral, respectively. Histologically the fat body is composed of two cell types, the trophocytes and the oenocites. The trophocytes present, in its cytoplasmic, vacuoles, spherical nuclei, granular chromatin with variations in condensation, and in some cases, it was observed nuclei displaced to periphery cells. The presence of multiple nucleoli in some cells suggests high nuclear activity. The oenocites were observed associated with trophocytes with central nuclei of spherical shape and granular appearance, dispersed chromatin, the nucleoli were prominent in variable number and differ from trophocytes by the absence of vacuoles, cytoplasm granular, shape and size of cells. Key words: wood borer; Ilex paraguariensis; oenocites; trophocytes. Introdução dos ramos, ocasionalmente anelando-os o que determina que estes murchem e caem, o A ordem Coleoptera, considerada mesmo ocorre quando os insetos alimentam- a maior ordem dos insetos, contém cerca se dos pecíolos das folhas. O acúmulo de de 40% das espécies da classe Insecta. danos provoca perda de produção, morte das Dentre essa ordem, destaca-se a família plantas jovens e/ou deteriorização das plantas Cerambycidae, comumente conhecidos como adultas (CASSANELLO, 1993; GALILEO serradores, que no Brasil são representados et al., 1993; MALLMAN et al., 2001). por três subfamílias: Prioninae, Lamiinae O excesso de alimento ingerido pelos e Cerambycinae. Hedypathes betulinus insetos durante a fase larval fica armazenado (Klug) é um representante da subfamília em um tecido denominado corpo gorduroso, Cerambycinae e está presente em toda a sendo este o principal órgão do metabolismo América do Sul, seguindo a distribuição de intermediário, responsável pela síntese e pelo seu hospedeiro principal, a erva-mate (Ilex fornecimento da maioria dos componentes paraguariensis St. Hil.) (MARTINS, 1999). da hemolinfa, além de ser o principal local H. betulinus é comumente conhecido, de armazenamento de reservas, como lipídios, no Brasil, como broca-da-erva-mate ou carboidratos e proteínas, que são mobilizados corintiano, por sua coloração preta e branca. durante a metamorfose, o vôo e a reprodução Os danos mais severos, na erva-mate, (CRUZ-LANDIM, 2009). são ocasionados pelas larvas, que durante O corpo gorduroso é um órgão o processo de alimentação, constroem amorfo, formado por um conjunto de células galerias nos troncos e nas raízes das erveiras, que constituem camadas e/ou lóbulos. Essas dificultando a circulação de seiva e debilitando estruturas estão suspensas na hemocele pela a planta. Os adultos alimentam-se da casca lâmina basal, músculos e traquéias, e estão em 490 Ambiência - Revista do Setor de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais V. 7 N. 3 Set./Dez. 2011 contato direto com a hemolinfa, o que facilita principal diferença em relação às demais o intercâmbio de substâncias com os demais células do corpo gorduroso, que são de origem órgãos (KILBY, 1963; PRICE, 1973; DEAN mesodérmica. Mesmo com a sua origem et al., 1985, CHAPMAN 1998, CONTE, distinta, os enócitos são considerados, na 1994; ROMA, 2007; MARTINS, 2008; maioria dos trabalhos, como sendo células CRUZ-LANDIM, 2009). pertencentes ao corpo gorduroso, que em Geralmente o corpo gorduroso é insetos adultos podem secretar hormônios, subdividido em parietal e perivisceral. A lipídeos e estar envolvidos nos processos de porção parietal é formada por uma massa desintoxicação do inseto. (SNODGRASS, celular localizada imediatamente abaixo da 1935; WIGGLESWORTH, 1974; epiderme. A porção perivisceral é formada STOPPIE et al., 1981; JOHNSON por uma massa celular que se dispõe em e BATTERWORTH, 1985; CRUZ- torno dos sistemas digestivo e reprodutor. LANDIM, 1983; DEAN et al., 1985; Diferentes tipos celulares podem ocorrer, RUVOLO e CRUZ-LANDIM, 1993; PAES porém, os mais comuns são os trofócitos DE OLIVEIRA, 2002; CONTE, 1994, (ou adipócitos) e enócitos, funcionalmente ZARA e CAETANO, 2004; ROMA et al., diversificados e capazes de armazenar 2005, ROLLO e CAMARGO-MATHIAS, glicogênio, lipídeos e proteínas. (KILBY, 2006; ROMA et al., 2006; ROMA, 2007). 1963; LOCKE e COLLINS, 1966 e Diante das informações a respeito do corpo 1968; BUTTERWORTH et al., 1965; gorduroso, seus componentes celulares e PRICE, 1973; WIGGLESWORTH, suas funções, o presente estudo teve por 1974; WOLFE et al., 1977; DEAN et. objetivos identificar, descrever e caracterizar al., 1985; KEELEY, 1985; CHAPMAN, morfo-histologicamente as células do 1991; CRUZ-LANDIM e CONTE, corpo gorduroso perivisceral de adultos 1992; CONTE, 1994; HAUNERLAND de Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) e SHIRK, 1995; CRUZ-LANDIM, 2004; (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) e fornecer ROMA, 2007; MARTINS, 2008; CRUZ- subsídios para futuros trabalhos envolvendo LANDIM, 2009). esta espécie. Os trofócitos consistem em um agregado livre ou massas compactas de Material e Métodos células, sendo as principais sedes do metabolismo intermediário dos insetos, por Foram realizadas coletas em ervais regular a composição do meio circulante situados na região de Guarapuava (PR), do inseto, atendendo às necessidades durante o período de maior incidência da metabólicas imediatas; desempenhar papel na broca-da-erva-mate (setembro a maio). Os vitelogenia e atuar nos processos de excreção exemplares do inseto foram acondicionados e atuar na desintoxicação do organismo em frascos plásticos e transportados (WIGGLESWORTH, 1974; CRUZ- para o Laboratório de Morfologia, do LANDIM, 1983 e 2004; CHAPMAN, Núcleo de Pesquisas Ambientais – NPA/ 1991; CONTE e CRUZ-LANDIM, 1992). UNICENTRO. Os insetos foram sexados, Os enócitos são células de origem considerando características morfológicas ectodérmica. Essa pode ser considerada a externas, sendo que os machos apresentam FERREIRA, R. A. C.; TOMOTAKE, M. E. M.; CONTE, H. 491 as coxas mais desenvolvidas, extremidade em parafina histológica. Os cortes foram da antena menos afilada e pigmentação obtidos em Micrótomo Rotativo Leica RM das pernas mais acentuada em relação às 2145, com 5µm de espessura; corados em fêmeas. Posteriormente os insetos foram Hematoxilina de Harris e Eosina de Lison, acondicionados em gaiolas de vidro, com passando em série alcoólica (100% -70%) tampas perfuradas e mantidos em estufa e xilol; montados entre lâmina e lamínula do tipo BOD, em temperatura de 25±1 com resina, para posterior observação e ºC, umidade relativa de 80±10% e fotofase documentação fotográfica em Microscópio de onze horas simulando as condições trinocular, acoplado a fotosistema digital ambientais do período de coleta, por um Olympus C-7070 do Núcleo de Pesquisas período de 24 horas. Ambientais NPA/UNICENTRO
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