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Host Volatile Percepts of Two Sympatric Longhorned Beetles, Anoplophora Chinensis and Anoplophora Glabripennis

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Host Volatile Percepts of Two Sympatric Longhorned Beetles, Anoplophora Chinensis and Anoplophora Glabripennis SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Dissertations and Theses Spring 4-1-2020 Host Volatile Percepts of Two Sympatric Longhorned Beetles, Anoplophora Chinensis and Anoplophora Glabripennis Laura Hansen SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons Recommended Citation Hansen, Laura, "Host Volatile Percepts of Two Sympatric Longhorned Beetles, Anoplophora Chinensis and Anoplophora Glabripennis" (2020). Dissertations and Theses. 153. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/153 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. HOST VOLATILE PERCEPTS OF TWO SYMPATRIC LONGHORNED BEETLES, ANOPLOPHORA CHINENSIS AND ANOPLOPHORA GLABRIPENNIS by Laura Hansen A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York April 2020 Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Approved by: Stephen Teale, Major Professor Mary Collins, Chair, Examining Committee Melissa Fierke, Department Chair S. Scott Shannon, The Graduate School ©2020 Copyright L.E. Hansen All rights reserved ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my major professor. Steve is a constant source of encouragement and guidance. It is impossible to meet with him without being impressed by his immense expertise and experience in every topic related to my project – from entomology to statistics to chemical analysis. His friendly attitude, willingness to share personal anecdotes, and deep enthusiasm for entomological research leaves one inspired and full of new ideas for research. This work could not have been completed without GC-EAD equipment procured and maintained by Dr. Dong Cha, as well has his instructions on operating it, for which I am especially thankful. GC-EAD work could also not have been completed without the laboratory space and beetles generously provided by the Sarkaria Arthropod Laboratory at Cornell University through cooperation with Dr. Ann Hajek with the help of Dr. Sana Gardescu. Dr. Lianjun Zhang’s assistance with the statistical methods was also extremely helpful. I am also thankful for the male pheromones synthesized by Dr. Jocelyn Millar of the University of California, Riverside and used in field bioassays. My field experiments in China would not have been possible without the Chinese professors who opened their labs to me. Dr. Hao Dejun of Nanjing Forestry University and Dr. Zhang Longwa of Anhui Agricultural University were both extremely generous. In addition, every one of their graduate students was willing to help me if I needed any assistance – from renting hotel rooms to accomplishing field work safely. In particular, thank you to Xiao Huang for assistance identifying tree species at NJFU. The field trapping in this experiment was facilitated by Mr. Liu of Bengbu. I thought Mr. Liu’s assistance would end after he provided a field trapping location, yet he insisted on helping me with the manual labor of insect trapping himself despite extreme weather conditions. Also thank you to Mrs. Sun Xianju for opening her home to me in Bengbu. Very few people have ever shown me as much personal kindness as Mrs. Sun. Part of this research was funded via the NSF EAPSI grant. This award, which not only provided research funding and plane fare to China, also provided a week orientation in Beijing. This experience, which allowed me to meet other graduate students and professionals working in China, was invaluable. In addition, thank you to Dr. Jacob Wickham, who participated in the EAPSI program, opened his home to me in Beijing, and whose thesis contained the backbone of this research. Also thank you to The Alphawood Foundation of Chicago for additional funding. Also thank you to previous and current lab members in Steve’s lab, in particular Xu Tian, Alejandro Mieles, Kristin Doherty, and Chen Ruixu, and thank you to SUNY-ESF professors and employees Dr. Ringler, Dr. McGee, Dr. Parry, Dr. Leopold, Sandra Polimino, AnnMarie Clarke, and Terry Ettinger for their professional and personal guidance. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 1 Historical Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 The Physiology of Insect Olfaction and the Ratio Hypothesis ................................................................. 2 Cerambycids: Importance, Life History, and Phylogeny .......................................................................... 7 Cerambycid Long-Range Volatile Attractants: General Research Directions and Established Themes .. 9 Spondylidinae ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Prioninae ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Lepturinae ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Cerambycinae ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Lamiinae ............................................................................................................................................. 17 ALB and CLB: Taxonomy, Hosts, Life History, and Pest Status ........................................................... 20 ALB and CLB: Research Progress on Long-Range Volatile Chemical Attractants ............................... 23 Research Directions ................................................................................................................................ 30 CHAPTER 2: DETERMINATION OF HOST PERCEPTS ...................................................................... 39 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 39 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................................ 43 Results. .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 3: FIELD TRAPPING EVALUATION .................................................................................. 79 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 79 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 81 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 83 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................... 84 CHAPTER 4: COMPARISON OF ALB AND CLB CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS ........................ 90 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 90 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 94 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 96 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................... 98 CHAPTER 5: INTEGRATED CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND CONCLUSIONS120 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 120 Male “Short-range” Aggregation Pheromones? .................................................................................... 120 Female Trail, Contact, and Long-Range Pheromones?......................................................................... 122
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