Universite Toulouse Iii Paul Sabatier Faculte Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques

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Universite Toulouse Iii Paul Sabatier Faculte Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques UNIVERSITE TOULOUSE III PAUL SABATIER FACULTE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES ANNEE : 2015 THESE 2015 / TOU3 / 2019 THESE POUR LE DIPLOME D'ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE obtenu après soutenance du Mémoire du DIPLOME d'ETUDES SPECIALISEES de BIOLOGIE MEDICALE Aude FABRE Née le 12 Mai 1986 Le genre Bordetella : Portrait de famille De la phylogénie à la pathogénie 12 Mars 2015 Directeurs de thèse : Docteur Nicole GUISO et Docteur Alain LE COUSTUMIER JURY Président : Professeur Nicole MARTY 1er assesseur : Professeur Patrice MASSIP 2ème assesseur : Docteur Christine SEGONDS 3ème assesseur : Docteur Julien GORET REMERCIEMENTS A la Présidente de ce Jury, Madame le Professeur Nicole MARTY Je vous remercie d'avoir accepté de présider ce Jury. Une belle façon pour moi de clôturer ces cinq années d'Internat, après un premier semestre effectué au sein du Laboratoire de Bactériologie du CHU de Toulouse. A ma directrice de thèse, Madame le Docteur Nicole GUISO Je suis très reconnaissante et honorée que vous ayez accepté de codiriger cette thèse. Un immense merci pour vos conseils avisés et l'accueil chaleureux que vous m'avez réservé lors de mes séjours à l'Institut Pasteur. Une pensée pour l'ensemble de votre équipe qui s'est rendue disponible pour répondre à mes (innombrables) questions. A mon directeur de thèse, Monsieur le Docteur Alain LE COUSTUMIER Pour ce que j'ai appris grâce à cette thèse, et qui ne s'applique pas qu'au monde bactérien: nos ancêtres méritent plus d'attention que celle que nous leur portons; s'intéresser à eux nous aide à mieux connaître leurs descendants. Pour ce que j'ai appris, grâce à vous, bien avant cette thèse. Il y a une qualité qui doit survivre à l'effet du temps: la curiosité. Un infini merci. A l'ensemble des membres de mon jury, Monsieur le Professeur Patrice MASSIP Parce que mieux que nous tous, vous savez que les petites bêtes peuvent parfois manger les grosses, et qu'on ne doit pas les ignorer. Je vous remercie d'avoir accepté de siéger dans ce jury de thèse. Madame le Docteur Christine SEGONDS Je garde un excellent souvenir de votre enseignement et de mon passage au Laboratoire de Bactériologie dans le Secteur rose. Je suis très honorée que vous ayez accepté de juger ce travail. Monsieur le Docteur Julien GORET Ta présence dans ce jury était une évidence pour moi, en raison notamment de ton engagement formidable auprès des internes du Laboratoire de Bactériologie du CHU de Bordeaux. Je te remercie d'avoir accepté cette invitation et suis fière d'avoir un représentant bordelais dans mon jury. Je tiens également à remercier ceux et celles qui ont contribué à ma formation. Un grand Merci entre autres à Sophie Voisin, Xavier Iriart, François Labonne, Marie Delpech, et Nathalie Wilhelm. Enfin, une pensée aux technicien(ne)s toulousains, bordelais, cadurciens et saint-gaudinois avec qui j'ai apprécié travailler. A mamie Odette, D'une mamie "tarte aux pommes" devenue un petit oiseau fragile, je suis sure que depuis ton petit coin de paradis, tu continues à veiller sur nous. A mes grand parents, Pour les agréables moments passés aux "Bourdettes" dans mon enfance et pour les veillées plus contemporaines à discuter avec vous autour de la table de la cuisine. Qu'ils soient encore nombreux! A mes parents, Pour avoir veillé sur moi de la sortie de ma coquille à mon premier envol. Maman, je pense être arrivée à l'aboutissement de la voie "quatre" (IV), même si je ne maîtrise pas encore très bien la "taxomonie". Papa, merci pour toutes tes petites attentions au quotidien. Votre soutien et votre affection me sont chers. Après quelques années de migration, et un vol prochain vers le soleil levant, je serai heureuse à mon tour de vous accueillir là où je vais bientôt établir mon nid. A mon oncle Francis, à Yvette, à ma tatie Claudie, Pour tous les bons moments passés ensemble et ceux à venir. A mon frère Thibaut, à Cyrielle, Pour tous les joyeux instants de notre enfance. Je ne te remercierai jamais assez d'avoir été présent (sans quoi j'aurais été condamnée à jouer à la poupée...). Je suis heureuse aujourd'hui que tu t'épanouisses auprès de Cyrielle. Je vous souhaite beaucoup de bonheur à tous les deux. A ma cousine Anne-Laure, à JC, Parce que je n'ai qu'une cousine, et qu'elle est unique! A JC: tu es finalement un peu comme mon "beau-frère". A la famille Gabriel, Parce qu'il n'y a pas besoin de traverser la planète pour partager des moments de bonheur, il suffit juste de traverser la rue. Merci de vous être occupés du bébé Punk. A mon Bichon, "Parce que c'est toi, rien que pour çà ♥". Tout est vrai, même si je ne chante pas aussi bien que Axel Red. A Martine, Marc, Papi Denis et Papi Jean, Merci de m'avoir accueillie avec tant de gentillesse dans votre famille. A Ma Rinette, Pour tous les instants PP-Goupil. Je suis heureuse que nos chemins se soient croisés un jour sur des pas de danse. A mes amis de Collège, A Audrey, Delphine et Nadège. Parce que vous avez beaucoup compté dans cette tranche de vie ingrate où on se construit. A Benjam, "préjent", car tu es un vieux de la vieille. Aux Gaziers et Gazières, Parce que vous êtes incroyables, Parce qu'il n'y en a pas un pour rattraper l'autre (et surtout pas Marr), Parce que chacun d'entre vous est la pièce unique d'un puzzle qui s'assemble à merveille. A Benjam, toujours "préjent"! Aux Moussettes, Parce qu'un pacte d'amour-amitié ne se rompt jamais! Aux Mouss, De toutes les œuvres d'art, "Chez Raymond" restera le plus beau chef d'œuvre. Aux copains de la fac, Pour tous les moments partagés à la fac, les descentes de burette en TP et après les cours, et les soirées "Hip-Hop et cassoulet" où nous avons swingué ensemble. Ces belles années resteront gravées dans ma mémoire. A mes co-internes toulousains, Trois années bourrréééeees de souvenirs, ce fut un plaisir de MIFer avec vous! saint-gaudinois, cadurciens, Merci pour cette agréable année, partagée entre parties de belote, pisse mémé et course à pied! Une pensée pour Angèle et Claire avec qui j'ai apprécié travailler dans ces deux contrées. et bordelais, Merci de m'avoir adoptée pour terminer en beauté ma vie d'interne (et ce, malgré mon accent toulousain prononcé...). A mes colocs, A une merveilleuse année passée à Saouzelong avec Sophie, Mikel et Josie, Puis une étape toulousaine avec Francis Zegut et Stéphanie, Pour terminer par un semestre bordelais avec Bonzaïus Ier et Cornix (King in the North!!). Vous avez été de supers colocataires. A mes amis capoeiristes toulousains et bordelais, à meu mestre Afonso Vida Nova, Grâce à vous tous, "Ela é linda é ela é linda capoeira". SOMMAIRE Liste des abréviations ................................................................................................................. 3 I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 II. Historique ........................................................................................................................... 7 III. Caractères généraux ......................................................................................................... 12 1) Taxonomie .................................................................................................................... 12 2) Niches écologiques ....................................................................................................... 12 3) Approche microbiologique ........................................................................................... 14 a. Caractères microscopiques, culturaux et biochimiques ............................................. 14 b. Sensibilité aux antibiotiques ...................................................................................... 18 IV. Phylogénie ........................................................................................................................ 22 1) Relations phylogénétiques des Bordetella avec les organismes environnementaux des genres Achromobacter et Alcaligenes .................................................................................. 22 2) Phylogénie au sein du genre Bordetella ....................................................................... 25 a. Le complexe BBS ...................................................................................................... 25 i. Analyse Multi Locus Enzyme Electrophoresis ou MLEE .................................. 25 ii. Analyse Multi Locus Sequence Typing ou MLST ............................................. 29 b. Relations phylogénétiques entre le complexe BBS et les autres espèces (hormi B. petrii) du genre Bordetella ........................................................................................... 33 c. Bordetella petrii, l'ancêtre commun?......................................................................... 35 V. Pathologie comparée ........................................................................................................ 36 1) Bordetella petrii, l’ancêtre commun ............................................................................ 36 2) Bordetella ansorpii et Bordetella trematum, les anecdotiques? .................................. 37 3) Bordetella avium, un pathogène strictement aviaire? .................................................. 38 a. Atteintes respiratoires chez les volailles .................................................................... 38 b. Atteintes respiratoires chez l'Homme ........................................................................ 38 4) Bordetella hinzii, passerelle
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