Le Donne Egiziane Protagoniste Della Primavera Araba. Un' Illusione O Una

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Le Donne Egiziane Protagoniste Della Primavera Araba. Un' Illusione O Una Corso di Laurea magistrale in Lingue e Civiltà dell’Asia e dell’Africa Mediterranea Tesi di Laurea LE DONNE EGIZIANE PROTAGONISTE DELLA PRIMAVERA ARABA. UN’ ILLUSIONE O UNA REALTÀ DI FATTO? Relatore Ch.ma Prof.ssa Barbara De Poli Correlatore Ch.ma Prof.ssa Antonella Ghersetti Laureando Ilenia Ida Andolina Matricola 986790 Anno Accademico 2013 / 2014 1 Indice Muqaddima ............................................................................................................................. pag. 4 Introduzione ............................................................................................................................ pag. 6 Capitolo I. Naw ………l al-Sa ‘‘‘ad ………w††† 1. Biografia Naw …l al-Sa ‘ad …w†.............................................................................................. pag. 8 2. “La scrittura è la mia unica amica nella vita” ..................................................................... pag. 12 3. Naw …l e la battaglia delle donne arabe................................................................................ pag. 14 3.1 La rivoluzione delle donne egiziane (2011)...................................................................... pag. 16 4. L’Associazione di Solidarietà delle Donne Arabe (AWSA) .............................................. pag. 19 4.1 L’AWSA in America e in Belgio...................................................................................... pag. 22 5. L’Egitto ai tempi di Naw …l.................................................................................................. pag. 24 5.1 F …r™q I d’Egitto (1920-1965) ............................................................................................ pag. 25 5.2 ßam …l ‘Abd an-N…¡ ir (1918-1970)................................................................................... pag. 29 5.3 Anwar al-S…d…t (1918-1981)............................................................................................. pag. 38 6. I Fratelli Musulmani e Naw …l al-Sa ‘ad …w† ......................................................................... pag. 45 7. La religione secondo Naw …l al-Sa ‘ad …w†............................................................................ pag. 47 7.1 Religione, Politica e Femminismo.................................................................................... pag. 51 8. Il pensiero di Naw …l sull’Egitto .......................................................................................... pag. 55 Capitolo II. La Primavera araba in Egitto 1. La Primavera Araba ............................................................................................................ pag. 58 2. La primavera araba in Egitto............................................................................................... pag. 58 2.1 Cause................................................................................................................................. pag. 58 2.2 La rivolta di Piazza Ta |r†r ................................................................................................ pag. 59 2.2.1 Cosa comporta il dopo Mub …rak per l’Egitto................................................................. pag. 61 3. In che modo gli egiziani hanno organizzato la rivoluzione ................................................ pag. 61 4. I social network della primavera egiziana........................................................................... pag. 64 5. Il governo di Mu |ammad Murs † ......................................................................................... pag. 64 Capitolo III. Il ruolo delle donne egiziane nella Primavera Araba 1. Rivoluzioni arabe: quale primavera per le donne?.............................................................. pag. 66 1.1 Le donne in azione nel mondo arabo: la “Primavera Araba”, e dopo?............................. pag. 69 2. Il Femminismo egiziano ai tempi della rivoluzione............................................................ pag. 72 2 2.1 Gli spazi del femminismo nella storia egiziana moderna e contemporanea..................... pag. 72 2.2 Donne in Egitto tra violenza e rivoluzione ....................................................................... pag. 75 2.3 La rivoluzione egiziana può essere anche una rivoluzione femminista............................ pag. 83 2.4 Protagoniste in piazza e nel web....................................................................................... pag. 87 3. “ ›urriyyah!” ....................................................................................................................... pag. 92 3.1 Testimonianza di Sara....................................................................................................... pag. 93 3.2 Testimonianza di Mariam ................................................................................................. pag. 99 3.3 Testimonianza di Samah ................................................................................................... pag. 100 3.4 Testimonianze di Fatima e Hud … ...................................................................................... pag. 100 3.5 Testimonianza di Dina ...................................................................................................... pag. 107 3.6 Testimonianza di Basma ................................................................................................... pag. 108 3.7 Testimonianza di Nesma................................................................................................... pag. 120 3.8 Testimonianza di Valeria .................................................................................................. pag. 126 4. Intervista alla pittrice Shayma K …mil.................................................................................. pag. 132 4.1 Ta |r†r deve essere un teatro, una danza, una musica, una pittura sperimentale ............... pag. 132 4.2 I sogni e le speranze tradite............................................................................................... pag. 134 5. Attiviste egiziane................................................................................................................. pag. 137 5.1 ’Isr …’ ‘Abd Al-Fat …|.......................................................................................................... pag. 137 5.2 Mon … El-¦a|… w† ............................................................................................................... pag. 141 5.3 Bu Åayna K …mil .................................................................................................................. pag. 143 5.4 D…liya Ziy …da.................................................................................................................... pag. 146 6. Le donne egiziane e i loro diritti ......................................................................................... pag. 150 6.1 I diritti richiesti attraverso il teatro, i fumetti, i graffiti e le associazioni femministe ...... pag. 161 Conclusioni ............................................................................................................................. pag. 165 Bibliografia ............................................................................................................................. pag. 168 3 ام و ا ام ٢٠١١، رط ا ا ث ه آ ا ا، أ و ه " ا ا ": ا ار ع رات ل إ و اق او رآ ا اان ا . أره ا ت، ا و اا إ اس ا . رآ اأة أ ه " ات"؛ إ ارع و ه هت اء و دا ، ا واد .... ث أو دور اأة ا أء إر ا ا . ا اف ار، ا، ا ا و آا ا ا، هء اة إ ارع؛ ا ن أه أآ اهة ا و ه ان ؛ ه ا ا و ا ا ... ا ا، ه اأة ط م و ا م و آ ودة دو و دا؛ ارة : ا، اواة، اا و اا و ق اآ و ور أ اآ ر أن هك أص آا ون إد اأة ا . ر آ اد د اأة، زت اء اهات ت ل ود اأة ا ا ا؛ ا ا . ءل أل ه ارة؟ أ و آ وت ا أن د اأة؟ و ا اأة؟ ان، ف إذا آ ه ارة أو ، و ف ا ه آا ار آ اء. اء اول، و ال ااوي، و آ أ رة ذاع اى او . إ ع اأة ا ا ا، ت رآ اأة ، إد؛ و د . آ إ . إت ال ااوي ا ا و ا و ا. آ و روي . اون و آ ا . ال ااوي ا و اآ ا ه و أرت آ إهم ات. ه ا، وت اام واة ا و اأة ت ا . اأة ا . اهات ا إاك اأة ا ارة و آ ، ، ، ف ا . و ، ان ، ط ا رك. ث اء ا إر ا ا ٢٥ ٢٠١١ . ا ام ا اي أدار رك و آ أب إع ارة ا. 4 اء ا ع او ا : رآ اأة ا هات ا ا . إه ا اع ن ل ات ا و ا ا أوا راء ل ع " ا " أة ا ا ها اء ا ؛ ارة ا و ااف اواة ا و اأة و ع ق و . ه او ق اء ا ا؛ ا ات ا و ا ؛ ذ ات اا آت اا ا؛ اح؛ ات؛ ام ا و ات ا. 5 Introduzione Di recente, il mondo arabo è stato protagonista di un fenomeno che si è diffuso ampiamente e che ha costituito uno degli eventi internazionali più sconvolgenti degli ultimi anni. Stiamo parlando della cosiddetta “ Primavera araba ”, o se si vuole usare l’espressione araba ar-rab †‘ al- ‘arabiy . Si tratta di un evento che ha segnato l’inizio di ondate rivoluzionarie esplose nel Nord Africa e nel Medio Oriente, tra la fine del 2010 e l’inizio del 2011 e di cui si è parlato tanto in televisione quanto su internet attirando l’interesse di centinaia di migliaia di persone che hanno assistito a un cambiamento epocale in uno dei posti più difficili del mondo e da cui dipenderanno sia l’esito delle tante questioni sottovalutate o forse poco conosciute in nome di una presunta stabilità regionale, ma anche il futuro dei molti paesi arabi coinvolti in questo evento. Parte attiva di queste rivolte sono state anche le donne, che hanno deciso di mettersi in prima linea e far sentire le loro voci unendo la difesa della loro condizione alle numerose rivendicazioni
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