Exploring Perceptions of Women in Leadership Abigail Perdue Wake Forest University School of Law
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Marquette Law Review Volume 100 Article 5 Issue 4 Summer 2017 Man Up or Go Home: Exploring Perceptions of Women in Leadership Abigail Perdue Wake Forest University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Fourteenth Amendment Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Repository Citation Abigail Perdue, Man Up or Go Home: Exploring Perceptions of Women in Leadership, 100 Marq. L. Rev. 1233 (2017). Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol100/iss4/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marquette Law Review by an authorized editor of Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 60 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ MAN UP OR GO HOME: EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP ǣ ȗ If you are aggressive, you are a bitch. If you are emotional, you are PMSing. If you are soft, you are too feminine. Whatever way someone finds you . it is you are female. ȂǡWhat I Learned in My First Year as a Female Startup CEO Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹ͵Ͷ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹ͵ͷ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹ͵ͷ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͶͳ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͶ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͶͺ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͶͻ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͷ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͷ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 60 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 Ǥ ǤǤͳʹ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͻ ȗ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯǡ ǡTransforming “Shedets” into “Keydets”: An Empirical Study Examining Coeducation Through the Lens of Gender PolarizationǡʹͺǤ Ǥ ƬǤ͵ͳȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ The Solidarity Paradoxǡʹ͵ Ǥ ǤƬǯͶͷȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ ǯǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 60 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ͳʹ͵Ͷ MARQUETTE LAW REVIEW ȏͳͲͲǣͳʹ͵͵ 1. Gender PolarizationǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͺͲ 2. AndrocentrismǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͺͳ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͺͷ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͻͳ Ǥ ǤͳʹͻͶ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͵ͲͶ Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͵ͲͶ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͵Ͳ Ǥ ǡ ǦǤǡ Ǥͳ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋ Ȍǡ ͳͻͻ ǯ Ǧ Ǥʹ ǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 60 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ǯǤ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǧǡ ͳǤ ǡDzǡdzDzǦ ǡdzDzdz ǡǡǡ ǤSee generally ǡ ǣ ͵ȋͳͻͻ͵ȌǢsee also ǤƬ ǡSeeing Privilege Where It Isn’t: Marginalized Masculinities and the Intersectionality of Privilegeǡͺ ǤǤ ͻǡͻȂ ͳͳͳȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ Ǥ ʹǤ ǤǡͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷȋͳͻͻȌǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 61 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ʹͲͳȐ MAN UP OR GO HOME ͳʹ͵ͷ Ǧ ǡǤ͵ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ A. History of VMI ǡ Ǥ ǡDz ǤdzͶ ͳͺ͵ ǡͷ ǯǦ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 61 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ͵. See infra Ǥ ͶǤ ǡ ǣ ͳͲȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ͷ.Id. .Id.ͳ͵Ǥ .Id.ʹʹǤ ǯ Ǥ Why We Do What We Doǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀǦ ȀǦʹͲ͵ͻȀ ȏǣȀȀǤ Ȁ ͵ʹǦʹȐȋ ǤͳʹǡʹͲͳȌǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 61 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ͳʹ͵ MARQUETTE LAW REVIEW ȏͳͲͲǣͳʹ͵͵ Ǥͺ ǡ Dz ǡdz Dz ǡdz DzǤdzͻ ǡ ǡ DzdzǡDz ǡdz ǡDz ǤdzͳͲ ǡ ǡ Ǥͳͳ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥͳʹ ǡ Ǥͳ͵ ͺǤ ǡsupra ͶǡͳͷǤ ͻǤ ͳͻͻǡǡ ǡ ǯǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǤǤ Ǥ ǡ Dz ǡǯǤdz Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Id.ͶͲȂͶͳǤ ǡ ǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 61 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ǯǤ ǡ ǣ ͺͻȋʹͲͲʹȌǢsee also ǡFormer Rats Remember Torturous Times at VMIǡ ǤȋǤʹͲǡͳͻͻȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤ ȀǦȀ ȀȀȀȀʹͲǤ ȏǣȀȀǤ ȀͶ ǦȐȋ ǡDz ǤǤǤ ǯ ǤdzȌǢ id. ȋ ǡ Dz ǤdzȌǤ ͳͲǤ ǤǡͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷǡͷʹʹȋͳͻͻȌǤDzdz Dzdzȋ Dz dzȌǡ ǯǢ ǤǤ Ǥ ǤǡʹͲͳȂʹͲͳ ͳȋʹͲͳȌǤ ǯ ǡDzdz Dzdz Ǧ ǤId. ͳͳǤ ͶǡǤǡͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷȋͳͻͻȌȋǤ ͻͶǦͳͻͶͳǡͻͶǦʹͳͲȌǤ ͳʹ. See ǡsupra Ͷǡ Ǣsee also ǡsupra ͻǡͶͶǤ ͳ͵.Seeǡsupra ͻǡͶͶǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 62 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ʹͲͳȐ MAN UP OR GO HOME ͳʹ͵ ͵ͲͲ ǤͳͶ ǡ ǡ Ǥͳͷ ǡǡǦ ǡ Ǥͳ ǡ ǦǡǦǡȄbeforeǤͳ ǡ ǡ ͳͺ͵ͻǤͳͺ ǯ DzǮȏȐ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥǯdzͳͻ ǤʹͲ Dzdz Ǥʹͳ Dz Ǥ ȏȐ ȏȐ Ǥdzʹʹ Ǥʹ͵ ǯ ǤʹͶ ǯ ǡ Ǥʹͷ ǡ Ǧ ǤʹDz Ǥ ǡǡǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 62 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͳͶ.Id. ͳͷ.Id. ͳ.Id. ͳ.Id.ͶͷǢThe Ratline – First Year ExperienceǡǤ Ǥ ǤǡǣȀȀǤǤȀ Ǧ ȀǦȀǦȀȏǣȀȀǤ ȀͻǦʹ Ȑȋ ǤͳʹǡʹͲͳȌǤ ͳͺ.VMI Honor System HistoryǡǤ Ǥ ǤǡǣȀȀǤǤȀ ȀǦ Ǧ ȀǦǦǦȀȏǣȀȀǤ Ȁ͵ͶǦͷȐȋ ǤͳʹǡʹͲͳȌǤ ͳͻǤ ǡsupra ͻǡͶͲǤ ʹͲ.Id. ʹͳǤ ǡsupra Ͷǡ ͵Ȃ͵ͺǤ ʹʹ.Id.͵ͺǤ ʹ͵.Id. ʹͶ.Id. ʹͷ.Id.͵ͻǤ ʹ.Id. ͶʹǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 62 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ͳʹ͵ͺ MARQUETTE LAW REVIEW ȏͳͲͲǣͳʹ͵͵ ǡȏȐǤǤǤǤdzʹ Ǥʹͺ ǯǦ ǡ ǡ DzȏȐ Ǥdzʹͻ Ǥ DzǤdz͵ͲǡDz ǡ dzǤ͵ͳ ǡ ǡDz Ǧ ȏǡȐ Ǥdz͵ʹ ǡǦ ǯ Ǥ͵͵ Dz Ǯǯ ǮǤǯdz͵Ͷ Dz ǡǡǤǤǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥdz͵ͷ ǡͶΨ ǡʹͷΨ ǡ Ǥ͵ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ͵Ǥ ǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 62 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ʹǤ Ǥǡ ǤǤͳͶͲǡͳͶʹʹǦʹ͵ȋǤǤǤͳͻͻͳȌǡvacated,ͻ Ǥʹ ͺͻͲȋͶǤͳͻͻʹȌǡaff’d,ͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷȋͳͻͻȌǤ ʹͺ.Id.ͳͶʹ͵Ǥ ʹͻ.Id. ͵Ͳ.Id. ͵ͳǤ ǡsupra Ͷǡ ͶʹǤ ͵ʹ. Virginiaǡ ǤǤͳͶʹ͵ǡvacated,ͻ ǤʹͺͻͲǡaff’dǡͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷǤ ͵͵Ǥ ǡsupra ͶǡǤ ͵Ͷ. Virginiaǡ ǤǤͳͶʹʹǡvacated,ͻ ǤʹͺͻͲǡaff’dǡ ͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷǤ ͵ͷǤ Id.ͳͶʹʹǢ see also ǡSaving the Males: The Sociological Implications of the Virginia Military Institute and the CitadelǡͳͶ ƬǯͶͻͶǡͶͻͺȋʹͲͲͲȌȋDz Ǣ ǤdzȌǤ ͵Ǥ ǡsupra ͻǡͶͺǤ ͵Ǥ ǡsupraͶǡͶͲȂͶͳǢsee also ǡsupraͻȋȋǮͷͺȌ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 63 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ʹͲͳȐ MAN UP OR GO HOME ͳʹ͵ͻ ǡǣ ǡǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ͵ͺ ǡ Ǥ͵ͻ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡǡǡ ǣǡ ǡ ǡ ǦǤͶͲ ǡThe Rat BibleǡͶͳ ǡͶʹ ǢǡDzǤǤ ǤdzͶ͵ ǡ Dzdz ǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 63 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ǡ Ǧǡ ǤͶͶǡ ǤͶͷ ǡDz ǤǤǤǤǤ ǡ ǤdzȌǤ ͵ͺ. Virginiaǡ ǤǤͳͶʹͳȂʹʹǡvacated,ͻ ǤʹͺͻͲǡaff’dǡͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷǤ ͵ͻ.Id. ͳͶʹǤ ͶͲ.Id. ͶͳǤ ǡsupra ͻǡ͵ͻǤ Ͷʹ.Id. Ͷ͵.Id.ͶʹǤ ͶͶ. Virginiaǡ ǤǤͳͶʹȂʹǤ Ͷͷ.Id.ͳͶʹǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 63 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ͳʹͶͲ MARQUETTE LAW REVIEW ȏͳͲͲǣͳʹ͵͵ ǡ Dz dzDzǤǤǤ ǤdzͶ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡͶǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǤͶͺ ǡ ͳͺͶʹǡͳ͵ǡͻͷͶ ǤͶͻǡ ͳͲǡʹ͵͵ ǡ ͳʹͺ ǤͷͲ ǯ ȄdzǤdzͷͳ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥͷʹǡ ǡ Ǥͷ͵ Washington Postǡ Ͷ. Why We Do What We Doǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀǦ ȀǦʹͲ͵ͻȀ ȏǣȀȀǤ ȀͶǦȐȋ ǤͳʹǡʹͲͳȌǤ ͶǤ ǦǤǤǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ͳͻͶǡ ͳͻͷ͵Ǥ Ǧ ǤGeorge C. Marshall JrǤǡ ǡ ǣȀȀǤǤ ȀȀǦ ǦǦǦͻͶͲͲͳͳͲ ȏǣȀȀǤ ȀǦ Ȑȋ ǤͳʹǡʹͲͳȌǤ Ͷͺ. Famous Virginia Military Institute Alumniǡ ǡ 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 63 Side B 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ǣȀȀǤǤ ȀȀǦǦǦǦǦǦ Ȁ ǫαʹƬ̴αͳͶͳͺͺʹͳǦ ͳͻǤ Ͷ ͺǤͳƬ̴αΨ͵Ψʹ Ψʹ ǤǤ Ψʹ ȏǣȀȀǤ Ȁ ͶǦͺ Ȑȋ ǤͳʹǡʹͲͳȌǤ Ͷͻ. Virginiaǡ ǤǤͳͶʹǡvacated,ͻ ǤʹͺͻͲȋͶǤͳͻͻʹȌǡaff’dǡ ͷͳͺǤǤͷͳͷ ȋͳͻͻȌǤ ͷͲ.Id.ͳͶʹǤ ͷͳǤ ǡsupra ͶǡǤ ͷʹ.Id.͵ͳǤ ǡ ͳͻͳͻǤǡsupra ͻǡͳͷǤ ̈́ǡͲͲͲǡͳͻͻͲͳͻͻͳǡ ̈́ʹͷǤͻǡ ̈́ͻ ǤId.ͳͶǡ͵ͶǤ ̈́ͺǤǡ ̈́ǡͲͲͲ ͳǡ͵ͲͲ ǡ ǤId.ǡ ̈́ͻ ǡ ͵ͷΨ ǯǤId. ͷ͵Ǥ ǡsupra ͻǡͺͻǤ C M Y K 39332-mqt_100-4 Sheet No. 64 Side A 07/17/2017 08:32:28 ͵ͲͲ Ǧͺ͵ ǦͶͳǦʹǦͷͺʹͷͻͻͶʹͶͻȋȌ Ȁͳ͵ȀʹͲͳͺǣͶͳ ʹͲͳȐ MAN UP OR GO HOME ͳʹͶͳ DzǮǯdzǡinter aliaǡ ǡǡ ǡǯǡ ǡ ǤͷͶ Ǧ Ǥ B. U.S.