Acizzia Jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidius Terrenus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae): Additional U.S

Home , Acizzia, Albizia julibrissin, Homadaula, Homadaula anisocentra

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Volume 46 Numbers 3 & 4 - Fall/Winter 2013 Numbers 3 & Article 8 4 - Fall/Winter 2013

October 2013

Acizzia Jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidius Terrenus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae): Additional U.s. Records of Asian Specialists on Mimosa (Albizia Julibrissin; Fabaceae)

A. G. Wheeler Jr.

E. Richard Hoebeke University of Georgia

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle

Part of the Entomology Commons

Recommended Citation Wheeler, A. G. and Hoebeke, E. Richard 2013. "Acizzia Jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidius Terrenus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae): Additional U.s. Records of Asian Specialists on Mimosa (Albizia Julibrissin; Fabaceae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 46 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol46/iss2/8

This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Wheeler and Hoebeke: Acizzia Jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidiu

2013 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 225 Acizzia jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidius terrenus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae): Additional U.S. Records of Asian Specialists on Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin; Fabaceae) A. G. Wheeler, Jr.1 and E. Richard Hoebeke2

Abstract Previously published U.S. records are reviewed for two recently detected Asian insects that have become established on mimosa, or silk tree (Albizia julibrissin), in the southeastern United States: Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidius terrenus (Sharp) (Coleoptera: Chrysomel- idae: Bruchinae). The psyllid is newly recorded from Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, and Virginia and the bruchine chrysomelid from Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, and Virginia. Both immigrant insects can be considered either detrimental or beneficial additions to the U.S. fauna, depending on whether mimosa is regarded as a desirable ornamental or an invasive plant. New and previously published records of both species are mapped.

______

Mimosa, or silk tree (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.; Fabaceae), native to temperate Asia (Everett 1981), was introduced into North America as an ornamental in the eighteenth century. Although 1745 often is cited as the date of introduction, the plant apparently was introduced by André Michaux about 1785 (Spongberg 1990, Cothran 2004). Mimosa was common in colonial Ameri- can gardens (Leighton 1976), has long been a prized ornamental in southern U.S. landscapes (Spongberg 1990; Cothran 2003, 2004), and more recently has become a popular landscape plant in New York City (Everett 1981). Several Old World scale insects that include mimosa in their broad range of hosts (Miller and Davidson 2005, Ben-Dov et al. 2012) became established in the United States in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century (Miller et al. 2005). The first Palearctic insect to feed extensively on mimosa in the New World was the mimosa webworm (Homadaula anisocentra Meyrick; Galacticidae), which was detected in Washington, DC, in 1940 (Clarke 1943). Nearly 65 years passed before Asian mimosa-specialist insects were recorded from the United States. Between 2007 and 2009, three Asian species were found in southeastern states: the psyllid Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) in Georgia (Halbert 2007, Ulyshen and Miller 2007); the buprestid Agrilus subrobustus Saunders in Geor- gia (Westcott 2007); and the bruchine chrysomelid Bruchidius terrenus (Sharp) in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee (Hoebeke et al. 2009). Bruchidius terrenus was observed in the Ath- ens, Georgia, area as early as 2001, but only later was identified (Chang et al. 2011). No definite additional U.S. records ofB. terrenus are available, although reference to “bruchid beetle predation” on mimosa at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Chang et al. 2011), might refer to this species. Subsequent records for the psyllid are Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and

1School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310. 2Georgia Museum of Natural History and Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

Published by ValpoScholar, 2013 1 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 46, No. 2 [2013], Art. 8

226 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 46 Nos. 3 - 4

Tennessee, as well as 19 additional counties in Georgia (Wheeler and Hoebeke 2009). Currently, Agrilus subrobustus has been documented from Alabama and South Carolina and 11 more counties in Georgia (Hoebeke and Wheeler 2011) and mimosa confirmed as its larval host in the Southeast (Hansen et al. 2012). Here we extend the known Nearctic range of Acizzia jamatonica to Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, and Virginia and that of B. terrenus to Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, and Virginia. All specimens listed below were collected (AGW) in 2012 by beating branches of mimosa. Voucher specimens are deposited in the University of Georgia Collection of Arthropods, Athens, GA, and National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Acizzia jamatonica (Fig 1). ILLINOIS: Richland Co., Rt. 130, Ol- ney, 38°43.393΄N 88°05.658΄W, 22 June, 1♂, 1♀. White Co., Rt. 1, Grayville, 38°14.850΄N 87°59.731΄W, 22 June, 3♂, 3♀. INDIANA: Posey Co., Rt. 66, Blairsville, 38°04.691΄N 87°45.807΄W, 22 June, 4♂, 2♀. Vanderburgh Co., jct. Rt. 66 & Vienna Rd., 2.2 km E of Parkers Settlement NW of Evansville, 38°02.595΄N 87°41.437΄W, 22 June, 17♂, 4♀. KENTUCKY: Hopkins Co., Rt. 254, Madisonville, 37°19.677΄N 87°28.553΄W, 22 June, 1♂, 3♀; Rt. 41, N edge of Madisonville, 37°23.395΄N 87°29.034΄W, 22 June, 8♂, 3♀. Webster Co., Pennyrile Pky., 4 km S of Sebree, 37°34.578΄N 87°28.866΄W, 22 June, 1♂. MIS- SOURI: Washington Co., Rt. 8, Shirley, 37°54.793΄N 90°56.655΄W, 6 July, 3♂, 3♀. VIRGINIA: Smythe Co., Chilhowie, 36°47.479΄N 81°41.771΄W, 28 July, 1♀. Washington Co., Rt. 11, Abingdon, 36°42.749΄N 81°55.775΄W, 28 July, 1♂, 2♀. Bruchidius terrenus (Fig 2). ILLINOIS: Richland Co., Rt. 130, Olney, 38°43.393΄N 88°05.658΄W, 22 June, 3♂. White Co., Rt. 1, Grayville, 38°14.850΄N 87°59.731΄W, 22 June, 2♂, 2♀. KENTUCKY: Webster Co., Pennyrile Pky., 4 km S of Sebree, 37°34.578΄N 87°28.866΄W, 22 June, 4♂, 2♀. MISSOURI: Butler Co., Poplar Bluff, 36°46.649΄–47.213΄N 90°25.926–942΄W, 6 July, 1♂, 1♀. Crawford Co., Rt. 8, 10.5 km W of Steelville, 37°56.453΄N 91°27.859΄W, 6 July, 1♀. Washington Co., Rt. 8, Shirley, 37°54.793΄N 90°56.655΄W, 6 July, 1♂; Potosi, 37°55.912΄N 90°46.838΄W, 6 July, 7♂. VIRGINIA: Smythe Co., Chilhowie, 36°47.479΄N 81°41.771΄W, 28 July, 3♂, 4♀. Washington Co., Rt. 11, Abingdon, 36°42.749΄N 81°55.775΄W, 28 July, 4♂, 2♀.

Discussion When surveys were initiated for the three Asian insects detected recently on mimosa in southeastern states, they already were too widely established to suggest likely U.S. points of entry. The insects might have entered multiple times at southeastern maritime ports such as Charleston or Savannah, or inland at a major airport such as Hartsfield-Jackson in Atlanta. Their initial establishment might not necessarily have been near port cities, but elsewhere with the transport of infested cargo from ports of entry (Hoebeke and Wheeler 2011). In any case, an initial establishment of the Asian insects in the U.S. Southeast seems likely (Wheeler and Hoebeke 2009, Hoebeke and Wheeler 2011), owing not only to the prevalence of mimosa in landscape plantings but also such extensive naturalization (Elias 1989, Pardini 2006) that the tree can be considered invasive (Miller 2003, Pardini and Hamrick 2008). Detection of A. jamatonica in Europe (Alma et al. 2002) and the United States (Halbert 2007, Ulyshen and Miller 2007) in the first decade of the twenty-first century suggests its recent establishment (last 10–15 years). A similar time frame for detection of B. terennus in Europe (Stojanova 2010) and the United States (Hoebeke et al. 2009, Chang et al. 2011), as well as the buprestid in the United States (Hoebeke and Wheeler 2011), also supports a hypothesis of recent introduction. Acizzia jamatonica and B. terrenus currently can be collected from mimosa in most areas of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina and are established in https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol46/iss2/8 2 Wheeler and Hoebeke: Acizzia Jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidiu

2013 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 227

Figure 1. County-level distribution of the Asian psyllid Acizzia jamatonica in the United States. New records: black; previous records: grayscale.

several other states (Wheeler and Hoebeke 2009; Hoebeke et al. 2009; AGW, pers. obs.), including regions such as western Tennessee where neither species was recorded during previous surveys. Based on fieldwork in 2012, both species now are established in western Kentucky, southern Illinois and Missouri, and western Virginia; the psyllid also is reported herein from southern Indiana. Even though these five states were not included in our prior surveys, both insects might have spread north and west since our initial surveys. In contrast, the immigrant buprestid, A. subrobustus, was not found in 2012 in any of the five additional states. The large psyllid densities and host injury (foliar chlorosis and premature defoliation) now prevalent in the Southeast were not observed in more northern and western populations where mimosa trees, though naturalized and sometimes common in southern parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Mis- souri (McClain et al. 2012), probably are less abundant than in southeastern states. In 2012, the psyllid was found in Missouri at only one site, whereas the chrysomelid was detected at three additional sites in the state. Neither the psyllid nor chrysomelid was detected in Illinois north of Richland County, which is near the northern limit of mimosa’s naturalization in the state (McClain et al. 2012). The known extent of the two Asian insects’ U.S. establishment is 38° north latitude and –90° (A. jamatonica) or –91° west longitude (B. terrenus).

Published by ValpoScholar, 2013 3 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 46, No. 2 [2013], Art. 8

228 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 46 Nos. 3 - 4

Figure 2. County-level distribution of the Asian bruchine chrysomelid Bruchidius terrenus in the United States. New records: black; previous records: grayscale.

Because our earlier surveys, as well as fieldwork in 2012, were limited and not conducted systematically, the U.S. distribution of both adventive insects probably is more extensive than currently known. Ulyshen and Miller (2007) noted that the newly detected psyllid A. jamatonica might be regarded as posing a threat to mimosa culture by those who value the plant as an ornamental, but potentially beneficial as a biocontrol agent by those who consider mimosa an undesirable non-native species. Similarly, the other two recently detected Asian insects can be considered either useful or detrimental additions to the North American fauna. In areas of the eastern United States where mimosa is less common and has become little naturalized, the three Asian immigrant insects seem more likely to be viewed as potentially harmful to an ornamental that lends an exotic touch to the landscape. Regardless of how the presence of mimosa and its immigrant insects are perceived in the United States, the New World reassociation of this Asian plant with several of its native herbivores, as noted by Chang et al. (2011), provides an opportunity to assess ecological and evolutionary changes in a novel environment.

https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol46/iss2/8 4 Wheeler and Hoebeke: Acizzia Jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bruchidiu

2013 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 229

Literature Cited Alma, A., R. Tedeschi, and J. Rossi. 2002. Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama), nuova psilla per l’Europa (Homoptera Psyllidae). Informatore Fitopatologico 52(4): 64-65. Ben-Dov, Y., D. R. Miller, and G. A. P. Gibson. 2012. ScaleNet, Hosts of a Scale Query Results. Available from: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/hostsof.htm (Accessed 27 July 2012). Chang, S.-M., E. Gonzalez, E. Pardini, and J. L. Hamrick. 2011. Encounters of old foes on a new battle ground for an invasive tree, Albizia julibrissin Durazz (Fabaceae). Biological Invasions 13: 1043-1053. Clarke, J. F. G. 1943. A new pest of Albizzia in the District of Columbia (Lepidoptera: Glyphipterygidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 93(3162): 205-208. Cothran, J. R. 2003. Gardens and Historic Plants of the Antebellum South. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia. 321 pp. Cothran, J. R. 2004. Treasured ornamentals of southern gardens - Michaux’s lasting legacy, pp. 149-157. In Baranski, M. J. (ed.). The Proceedings of the André Michaux International Symposium, Belmont, North Carolina, May 16-17, 2002. Castanea Occasional Papers in Eastern Botany No. 2. Elias, T. S. 1989. Field Guide to North American Trees. Grolier Book Clubs, Danbury, CT. 948 pp. Everett, T. H. 1981. The New York Botanical Garden Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hor- ticulture. Vol. 1 A–Be. Garland Publishing, New York. 355 pp. Halbert, S. E., compiler. 2007. Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama), a psyllid. Tri-ology (Bureau of Entomology, Nematology & Plant Pathology, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Gainesville) 46(2): 8. Hansen, J. A., J. P. Basham, J. B. Oliver, N. N. Youseef, W. E. Klingeman, J. K. Moulton, and D. C. Fare. 2012. New state and host plant records for metallic woodboring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Tennessee, U.S.A. Coleopterists Bulletin 66: 337-343. Hoebeke, E. R., and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 2011. Agrilus subrobustus Saunders (Cole- optera: Buprestidae): new southeastern U.S. records of an Asian immigrant on mimosa, Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113: 315-324. Hoebeke, E. R., A. G. Wheeler, Jr., J. M. Kingsolver, and D. L. Stephan. 2009. First North American records of the East Palearctic seed beetle Bruchidius terrenus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), a specialist on mimosa (Albizia julibrissin, Fabaceae). Florida Entomologist 92: 434-440. Leighton, A. 1976. American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century: “For Use or for Delight.” Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 514 pp. McClain, W. E., P. M. McClain, and J. E. Ebinger. 2012. Naturalized mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Fabaceae) in Illinois. Castanea 77: 231-234. Miller, D. R., and J. A. Davidson. 2005. Armored Scale Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. 442 pp. Miller, D. R., G. L. Miller, G. S. Hodges, and J. A. Davidson. 2005. Introduced scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the United States and their impact on U.S. agriculture. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107: 123-158. Miller, J. H. 2003. Nonnative invasive plants of southern forests: a field guide for identification and control. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station (Asheville, NC). General Technical Report SRS-62. 93 pp.

Published by ValpoScholar, 2013 5 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 46, No. 2 [2013], Art. 8

230 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 46 Nos. 3 - 4

Pardini, E. A. 2006. Multi-scale genetic diversity in populations of an introduced, weedy tree species (Albizia julibrissin). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens. 137 pp. Pardini, E. A., and J. L. Hamrick. 2008. Inferring recruitment history from spatial genetic structure within populations of the colonizing tree Albizia julibrissin (Faba- ceae). Molecular Ecology 17: 2865-2879. Spongberg, S. A. 1990. A Reunion of Trees: The Discovery of Exotic Plants and their Introductions into North American and European Landscapes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 270 pp. Stojanova, A. 2010. Seed beetle Bruchidius terrenus (Sharp) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)–new invasive species to the Bulgarian fauna. Biotechnology & Biotech- nological Equipment 24: 646-647. Available from: http://www.diagnosisp.com/ dp/ journals/view_pdf.php?journal_id=1&archive=0&issue_id=27&article_id=1025 (Ac- cessed 3 August 2012). Ulyshen, M. D., and D. R. Miller. 2007. First record of Acizzia jamatonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in North America: friend or foe? Florida Entomologist 90: 573. Westcott, R. L. 2007. The exotic Agrilus subrobustus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is found in northern Georgia. Coleopterists Bulletin 61: 111-112. Wheeler, A. G., Jr., and E. R. Hoebeke. 2009. Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) (He- miptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae): U.S. distribution of a recently detected Asian psyllid. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111: 505-514.

https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol46/iss2/8 6