From Intensive to Reflexive: the Prosodic Factor Anne Zribi-Hertz
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Types of Pronouns in English with Examples
Types Of Pronouns In English With Examples If unpainted or hedgy Lucian usually convoke his bisexuals frazzling spotlessly or chain-stitch revilingly and damans.unamusingly, Unpreparedly how thinned legal, is Eddie?Durand Bomb tussled and hesitator culinary and Ossie pare always hemp. sanitized unbecomingly and fiddle his Learn with pronouns might be correct when they need are two personal pronouns refer to reflexive Such as a type of mutual respect that are used are like modern english grammar might be a noun. What i know how to their requested pronouns in english with pronouns examples of. Pronouns exemplify such a word class, or rather several smaller classes united by an important semantic distinction between them and all the major parts of speech. This is the meaning of english pronouns in with examples of mine, and a legal barriers often make. Common pronouns include I, me, mine, she, he, it, we, and us. New York Times best selling author, Tim Ferriss. This information was once helpful! Asused here in its demonstrative meaning, to introduce a parenthetical clause. The Health Sciences Library is open to Health Sciences affiliates. That and those refer to something less near to the speaker. Notice that occur relative clauses are within commas, and if removed they do these change the meaning being expressed in a one way, believe the sentences still a sense. Well, I managed to while speaking Italian after about month. The meal is receiving feedback will be delivered a speech. The examples of in english with pronouns specify a pronoun usage in the action is. -
English Pronouns
Will C. H. Possessive pronouns ENGLISH PRONOUNS: A LIST Mine First person singular Yours Second person singular English Pronouns List His Third person singular Below is a list of English pronouns Hers Third person singular Pronouns are words that are used as noun Its Third person singular and noun phrase replacements. Ours First person plural Subject pronouns Yours Second person plural I First person singular subject Theirs Third person plural pronoun You Second person singular subject Reflexive pronouns pronoun Myself First person singular He Third person singular subject Yourself Second person singular pronoun Himself Third person singular She Third person singular subject Herself Third person singular pronoun Itself Third person singular It Third person singular subject Ourselves First person plural pronoun Yourselves Second person plural We First person plural subject pronoun (includes the speaker) Themselves Third person plural You Second person plural subject pronoun Relative Pronouns Question words can also function as They Third person plural subject pronouns pronoun Who Can function as the Object personal pronouns subject, object Used as the object of a sentence Which Can function as the Me First person singular object subject, object pronoun That Can function as the You Second person singular subject, object Him Third person singular Whom Functions as Her Third person singular object* It Third person singular Where Functions as object Us First person plural in reference to time You Second person plural When Functions as object Them Third person plural referencing place Possessive adjectives Why / What Functions as object These are words that modify nouns referencing My First person singular explanation Your Second person singular Whose Possessive His Third person singular Of which Possessive Her Third person singular *quite formal in American English Its Third person singular Demonstrative pronouns Our First person plural Points a thing out. -
Override Reflexive Pronouns in English and Danish
Exam administrators Cover page Specialeteamet, tlf.nr. 8716 1178 [email protected] Exam information 132172E015 - Sara Sørensen - Speciale Assessors Sten Vikner Handed in by Examiner Sara Sørensen [email protected] [email protected] +4587162639 Steven Falkenberg Breunig Co-examiner [email protected] Hand-in information Title: Override Reflexive Pronouns in English and Danish: An investigation and comparison Title, english: Override Reflexive Pronouns in English and Danish: An investigation and comparison The sworn statement: Yes Does the hand-in contain confidential material: No Number of characters: 149078 Override Reflexive Pronouns in English and Danish: An investigation and comparison MA Thesis Name: Sara Sørensen Student identification number: 20112719 - Thesis supervisor: Sten Vikner - Master's Degree Programme In English Department of English, Faculty of Arts - Aarhus University - Submission date: June 3, 2019 i Table of Contents SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ ii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. BINDING THEORY ..................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Coindexation and c-command .............................................................................................. 3 2.2 The English Reflexive System (GB-Theory) .......................................................................... -
English Weak Pronouns and Object Shift
English Weak Pronouns and Object Shift Joel C. Wallenberg University of Pennsylvania 1. Introduction Although it has been noticed from time to time in the literature that unstressed pronouns in English show some syntactic behavior that is not shared by their full DP counterparts, these differences have not yet been studied and accounted for in a systematic way.* This is not particularly surprising, as the special behavior of English pronouns is confined to only a few contexts, and so very few clues are provided to the analyst about the underlying processes involved (in contrast to, e.g., pronoun scrambling in German or Dutch). But this is only the case if we confine ourselves to data from the modern language. It is possible to learn a great deal more, however, by taking a broader, historical perspective of the phenomenon. With the help of corpus data from earlier stages of English, I will argue that the exceptional syntax of modern English object pronouns actually results from their status as “weak pronouns”, in the sense of Cardinaletti & Starke (1999), and their ability to undergo “Object Shift” of the Scandinavian type (Holmberg 1986, Holmberg 1999, inter alia). However, object shift is severely restricted in the modern language by a combination of Holmberg’s Generalization and an independent, but intersecting, phenomenon: the loss of movement of main verbs to Tense in the overt syntax. In this way, English is not the odd language out in Germanic, but rather patterns with the rest of the family in having a leftward movement process that applies to its unstressed object pronouns. -
Pronouns Point Pronoun Or Adjective? When Pronouns Directly Means Pronouns Point to Nouns with Alternate Names
Pro Pronouns Point Pronoun or Adjective? When pronouns directly means Pronouns point to nouns with alternate names. “for.” modify nouns, they become adjectives. Pronoun Pronoun means What is the time? “for a noun.” Adjective liberty What time is it? Personal Pronouns point to “people” nouns he she it (except for it and its ). • I, me, my, mine Demonstrative Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns • you, your/s point to specific nouns. point to non-specific nouns. “reflect” the nouns they point to. • he, him, his Singular Singular • she, her/s This, That Another, Each, One Singular • we, us, our/s Either, Neither myself • they, them, their/s Plural • Anyone / body / thing himself • who, whom, whose These, Those • Everyone / body / thing herself • it, its • Someone / body / thing yourself This is the boy. • No one / body / thing itself Subjective Case Those are the girls. She has a toy. Plural They have a car. Plural All, Both, Few ourselves Interrogative Pronouns yourselves Objective Case Many, Several point to nouns that are the themselves The toy was hers. answers to questions. The car was theirs. Singular or Plural What, Which He saw himself. Any, None, Some Possessive Case* Who, Whom, Whose They saw themselves. Sue gave her toy away. Neither is poor. The Smiths drove their car. What is the time? Both are thin. Imagine a noun looking *These pronouns become Who is there? Sugar? Some is okay. at its pronoun “reflection” Possessive Adjectives. Tom saw whom? Fats? Some are okay. in a mirror. Relative Pronouns I’m a good Antecede nt link dependent clauses to nouns . -
Data, Citation and Similar Papers at Core.Ac.Uk Brought to You by CORE
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio Ricerca Ca'Foscari Geraldine Ludbrook AN INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH SYNTAX Geraldine Ludbrook, An Intermediate English Syntax © 2001 Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina ISBN 978-88-88613-13-0 Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina S.r.l. Calle Foscari, 3259, 30123 Venezia www.cafoscarina.it Prima edizione settembre 2001 Ristampa settembre 2008 Stampato in Italia presso Laser Copy S.r.l. Via Livraghi 1 - Milano CONTENTS 1 BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE 13 1.1 Affirmative sentences 13 1.1.1 Auxiliary verbs 14 1.2 Negative sentences 15 1.3 Interrogative sentences 17 1.3.1 Yes/No questions 17 1.3.2 Wh- questions 17 1.3.3 Tag questions 19 1.4 Exclamations 21 2 NOUNS 23 2.1 Noun plurals 23 2.1.1 Countable nouns 23 2.1.2 Singular nouns with plural reference 25 2.1.3 Plural nouns 28 2.1.4 Collective nouns 29 2.1.5 Compound nouns 30 2.1.6 Acronyms and abbreviations 31 2.2 Proper nouns 31 2.3 Verbs as nouns 32 2.4 Adjectives as nouns 33 2.5 Possession 34 2.5.1 Genitive case 34 2.5.2 Of + noun 37 2.5.3 Double genitive 37 2.5.4 Noun + noun 38 2.5.5 Possessive adjectives 38 2.6 Gender 39 3 ARTICLES AND PRONOUNS 41 3.1 Articles 41 3.1.1 Definite article 41 3.1.2 Indefinite article 47 3.2 Pronouns 51 3.2.1 Personal pronouns 51 3.2.2 Imperatives and pronouns 53 3.2.3 Impersonal pronouns 55 3.2.4 Possessive pronouns 55 3.2.5 Reflexive and emphatic pronouns 55 3.2.6 Reciprocal pronouns 57 3.3 There is (are) 58 3.4 Introductory It 58 3.5 Gender 61 4 MODIFICATION 64 4.1 Adjectives 64 -
CAS LX 522 Syntax I
Pronouns CAS LX 522 • Pronouns differ from nouns in a couple of ways (example: case marking), and should Syntax I be considered a functional category. • The pronouns of English express person, number, and gender. Morphosyntactic features, part III • 1st person: I, me, we, us (2.4.2-) • 2nd person: you 4 • 3rd person: he, she, him, her, they, them, it. Pronouns are Ds. Auxiliaries and modals • Different from verbs: have, be, do, will, can, might, must, should, could, would, ... • We’ll come back to this again later on, but we will treat pronouns as having category • In questions, auxiliaries “invert” with the [D], like, say, the or which. subject, verbs don’t. 1) We linguists must stick together. • Will you leave? Can you leave? Do you leave often? *Leave you often? Auxiliaries and modals Infinitival to 1) I like to go to the movies. Auxiliaries occur before not, verbs don’t • • Kind of looks like a preposition, but it’s not. • You will not leave. You did not leave. Prepositions take nouns, to as a P has a kind of *You left not. contentful meaning (endpoint of a path). Infinitival to takes (bare) verbs only, means nothing (apart from Notice the extra do— “do-support” • “untensed”). Auxiliaries are responsible for things like tense, • It might be more like a modal: To and modals (can, mood, modality, aspect, voice. • might, should) seem to appear in the same place • We abbreviate their category as [T] (“tense”). (between the subject and a bare verb form). Infinitival to Complementizers 1) Pat will leave. 2) I heard that Pat will leave. -
Old, Middle, and Early Modern Morphology and Syntax Through Texts
Old, Middle, and Early Modern Morphology and Syntax through Texts Elly van Gelderen 6 August 2016 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction 1 The history of English in a nutshell 2 Functions and case 3 Verbal inflection and clause structure 4 Language change 5 Sources and resources 6 Conclusion Chapter 2 The Syntax of Old, Middle, and Early Modern English 1 Major Changes in the Syntax of English 2 Word Order 3 Inflections 4 Demonstratives, pronouns, and articles 5 Clause boundaries 6 Dialects in English 7 Conclusion Chapter 3 Old English Before 1100 1 The script 2 Historical prose narrative: Orosius 2 3 Sermon: Wulfstan on the Antichrist 4 Biblical gloss and translation: Lindisfarne, Rushworth, and Corpus Versions 5 Poetic monologue: the Wife’s Lament and the Wanderer 6 Conclusion Chapter 4 Early Middle English 1100‐1300 1 Historical prose narrative: Peterborough Chronicle 2 Prose Legend: Seinte Katerine 3 Debate poetry: The Owl and the Nightingale 4 Historical didactic poetry: Physiologus (Bestiary) 5 Prose: Richard Rolle’s Psalter Preface 6 Conclusion Chapter 5 Late Middle English and Early Modern 1300‐1600 1 Didactic poem: Cleanness 2 Instructional scientific prose: Chaucer’s Astrolabe 3 Religious: Margery of Kempe 4 Romance: Caxton 5 Chronicle and letters: Henry Machyn and Queen Elizabeth 6 Conclusion Chapter 6 Conclusion Appendix I Summary of all grammatical information 3 Appendix II Background on texts Appendix III Keys to the exercises Bibliography Glossary 4 Preface This book examines linguistic characteristics of English texts by studying manuscript images. I divide English into Old English, before 1100 but excluding runic inscriptions; Early Middle English, between 1100 and 1300; Late Middle English, between 1300 and 1500; and Early Modern English, after 1500. -
Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics 17Th Annual Round Table
Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics Number 19, 1966 edited by F. P. Dinneen, SJ 17th Annual Round Table Georgetown University School of Languages and Linguistics REPORT OF THE SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL ROUND TABLE MEETING ON LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE STUDIES FRANCIS P. DINNEEN, S.J. EDITOR GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PRESS Washington, D.C. 20007 ©Copyright 1966 GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PRESS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-31607 Lithographed in U.SA. by EDWARDS BROTHERS, INC. Ann Arbor, Michigan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword v WELCOMING REMARKS Rev. Frank L. Fadner, S.J., Regent Institute of Languages and Linguistics vii Robert Lado, Dean Institute of Languages and Linguistics ix I. PROBLEMS IN SEMANTICS John L. Fischer Interrogatives in Ponapean: Some Semantic and Grammatical Aspects 1 Charles J. Fillmore A Proposal Concerning English Prepositions 19 Gerhard Nickel Operational Procedures in Semantics, with Special Reference to Medieval English 35 James B. Fraser Some Remarks on the Verb-Particle Construction in English 45 DISCUSSION 63 II. FIRST LUNCHEON ADDRESS George L. Trager Linguistics as Anthropology 71 IIL HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS Karl V. Teeter The History of Linguistics: New Lamps for Old 83 iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS Hugo Mueller On Re-Reading von Humboldt 97 John Viertel Concepts of Language Underlying the 18th Century Controversy about the Origin of Language 109 Geoffrey Bursill-Hall Aspects of Modistic Grammar 133 DISCUSSION 149 IV. LINGUISTICS AND ENGLISH Stanley Sapon Shaping Productive Verbal Behavior in a Non-Speaking Child: A Case Report 157 Paul M. Postal On So-Called 'Pronouns' in English 177 Terence E. -
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT English Pronouns and Prepositions This Page Intentionally Left Blank PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT English Pronouns and Prepositions
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT English Pronouns and Prepositions This page intentionally left blank PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT English Pronouns and Prepositions Second Edition Ed Swick New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-175388-3 MHID: 0-07-175388-5 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-175387-6, MHID: 0-07-175387-7. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. Trademarks: McGraw-Hill, the McGraw-Hill Publishing logo, Practice Makes Perfect, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies and/or its affi liates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. -
English Weak Pronouns and Object Shift
English Weak Pronouns and Object Shift Joel C. Wallenberg University of Pennsylvania 1.Introduction Althoughithasbeennoticedfromtimetotimeintheliteraturethatunstressedpronounsin EnglishshowsomesyntacticbehaviorthatisnotsharedbytheirfullDPcounterparts,thesedifferences have not yet been studied and accounted for in a systematic way.* This is not particularly surprising, as the special behavior of English pronouns is confined to only a few contexts, and so very few clues are provided to the analyst about the underlying processes involved (in contrast to, e.g., pronoun scrambling in German or Dutch). But this is only the case if we confine ourselves to data from the modern language. It is possible to learn a great deal more, however, by taking a broader, historical perspective of the phenomenon. With the help of corpus data from earlier stages of English, I will argue that the exceptional syntax of modern English object pronouns actually results from their status as “weak pronouns”, in the sense of Cardinaletti & Starke (1999), and their ability to undergo “Object Shift” of the Scandinavian type (Holmberg 1986, Holmberg 1999, inter alia). However, object shift is severely restricted in the modern language by a combination of Holmberg’s Generalization and an independent, but intersecting, phenomenon: the loss of movement of main verbs to Tense in the overt syntax. In this way, English is not the odd language out in Germanic, but rather patterns with the rest of the family in having a leftward movement process that applies to its unstressed object pronouns. It just so happens that this object shift is not very easy to see, because it has been obscured by the loss of V-to-T movement. -
A Contrastive Study of Reflexive Verbs in English and French
Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics ISSN: 2707-756X DOI: 10.32996/jeltal Journal Homepage: www.al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/jeltal A Contrastive Study of Reflexive verbs in English and French Dr. Hafissatou KANE Department of English Studies, University Cheikh Anta DIOP of Dakar, Senegal Corresponding Author: Dr Hafissatou KANE, E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Received: March 08, 2021 This paper describes and compares reflexive verbs in English and French. In collecting Accepted: April 14, 2021 the data, a number of books and research works related to the subject have been Volume: 3 analysed, using the contrastive method. Results of the analysis indicate that reflexives Issue: 4 display a great difference between the two languages. The main observed similarity DOI: 10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.4.4 occurs with the emphatic form. Indeed, the English pronouns “myself”, “himself”, “ourselves” etc, and their French counterparts moi-même, lui-même, nous-mêmes are KEYWORDS used in the same way. Points of differences are presented as follows: while French puts the pronominal clitics me, te, se, nous, vous before the verb, English places Grammar, reflexives, English, pronouns after e.g., se blesser “to hurt oneself”. One of most important differences French, contrastive analysis that several verbs take reflexive pronouns in French while their English counterparts don’t e.g., se demander “to wonder”. It has also been noted that, in English, the same pronouns are used to express both emphatic and non-emphatic forms while French distinctively uses toi-même, elles- mêmes etc. to emphasize; and the pronominal clitics in simple forms.