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Pvps Annual Report 2014

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Pvps Annual Report 2014 P HOTOVOLTAIC P OWER S YSTEMS P ROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2014 2 COVER PHOTO: © NET Ltd. / DanielForster.com CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE 3 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE On behalf of the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme IEA PVPS, I am pleased to present our 2014 annual report. Electricity from solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems has continued to grow all around the globe achieving, for the first time in history, more than 1 % of the annual global electricity demand. Although this number may still appear as small, it represents a tremendous development of the past years, much faster than all predictions had forecasted, be it from the IEA all the way to Greenpeace. Along with this important market growth, PV has further gained in cost-competitiveness and has become one of the least cost options of renewable electricity, achieving remarkable levelized costs of electricity as low as below 6 USDcents/kWh in the best cases. 2014 has seen another roughly 40 GW of installed PV capacity worldwide, raising the cumulative installed capacity close to 180 GW. At the same time, the somewhat slower pace of the global growth observed in the past years has been confirmed and reflects important changes in the regional development of PV markets. Europe, the most important driver of the global PV market over the past ten years, has further slowed down whereas Asia and the USA have seen further market growth with China, Japan and the USA representing the largest markets in 2014. Most importantly, the PV markets have continued to expand to a broader range of countries with substantial market size. The important market growth and cost reductions observed over the past years have brought PV to the situation where it is affecting electricity markets, both technically as well as economically. The recent PV technology, industry and market development and the future prospects of these are setting the scene for the activities within the IEA PVPS Programme. As a leading and unique network of expertise, IEA PVPS has the mission to cooperate on a global level in this rapidly evolving technology area. Working on both technical and non-technical issues, IEA PVPS undertakes key collaborative projects related to technology and performance assessment, cost reduction, best practice in various applications, rapid deployment of photovoltaics and key issues such as grid integration and environmental aspects. Furthermore, anticipating the future needs, IEA PVPS increasingly focuses on new business models, sustainable policy frameworks as well as technical and market related integration of photovoltaics in the electricity system. In 2014, under the leadership of the Netherlands, a new Task 15 on accelerating building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) was decided by the Executive Committee. Providing high-quality information about relevant developments in the photovoltaic sector as well as policy advice to our key stakeholders remain our highest priorities. Due to the increasing recognition of photovoltaics as an important future energy technology, the interest in the work performed within IEA PVPS is constantly expanding. Throughout 2014, IEA PVPS has been in close contact with the IEA Secretariat, there by contributing to the latest IEA publications, such as the new IEA PV roadmap. Interest and outreach for new membership within IEA PVPS continued in 2014. Thailand has joined IEA PVPS as the 29th member. I welcome Thailand as the most recent IEA PVPS member and look forward to a long and fruitful cooperation. Contacts have continued with Chile, Finland, Greece, India, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore and South Africa as well as with EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute USA) and ECREEE (ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency). IEA PVPS continues to cover the majority of countries active in development, production and installation of photovoltaic power systems. The overall communication and dissemination efforts were continued through systematic distribution of PVPS products at conferences, workshops and by means of direct mailings. Communication was further supported by the PVPS website www.iea-pvps.org and targeted press work. Moreover, the IEA PVPS booth and the workshops at the 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) attracted a large number of visitors and provided an excellent forum for dissemination purposes. Thanks to our hosts from Japan, a special joint PVPS meeting and discussion opportunity was provided alongside the 6th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion in Kyoto (Japan). The detailed outcomes of the different PVPS projects are given in the Task reports of this annual report and all publications can be found at the PVPS website. Several of the more recent IEA PVPS Tasks have produced important new publications. The current status of photovoltaics in the PVPS member countries is described within the country section of this annual report. With this, I take the opportunity to thank all Executive Committee members, Operating Agents and Task Experts, for their dedicated efforts and contributions to IEA PVPS. Stefan Nowak Chairman 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chairman’s Message 3 Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme 7 TASK STATUS REPORTS Task 1 - Strategic PV Analysis & Outreach 11 Task 8 - Study on Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation System 15 Task 9 - Deploying PV Services for Regional Development 18 Task 12 - PV Environmental Health & Safety Activities 22 Task 13 - Performance and Reliability of PV Systems 26 Task 14 - High Penetration PV in Electricity Grids 31 PHOTOVOLTAIC STATUS AND PROSPECTS IN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANISATIONS AUSTRALIA 38 AUSTRIA 40 BELGIUM 43 CANADA 45 CHINA 47 COPPER ALLIANCE 51 DENMARK 52 EUROPEAN COMMISSION 54 EPIA 57 FRANCE 58 GERMANY 62 ISRAEL 65 ITALY 67 JAPAN 70 KOREA 76 MALAYSIA 79 MEXICO 82 THE NETHERLANDS 83 NORWAY 85 PORTUGAL 88 SPAIN 91 SWEDEN 96 SWITZERLAND 98 THAILAND 103 TURKEY 105 UNITED KINGDOM 107 UNITED STATES 108 COMPLETED TASKS Task 2 - Performance, Reliability and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems 111 Task 3 - Use of Photovoltaic Power Systems in Stand-Alone and Island Applications 113 Task 5 - Grid Interconnection of Building Integrated and Other Dispersed Photovoltaic Power Systems 115 Task 6 - Design and Operation of Modular Photovoltaic Plants for Large Scale Power Generation 116 Task 7 - Photovoltaic Power Systems in the Built Environment 117 Task 10 - Urban Scale PV Applications 119 Task 11 - Hybrid Systems within Mini-Grids 121 ANNEXES A - IEA-PVPS Executive Committee Members 123 B - IEA-PVPS Operating Agents 126 6 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME 7 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME IEA The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, • Assessing and sharing experience on new business approaches is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organization for and business models; Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which carries out a • Providing targeted and objective information on PV energy comprehensive programme of energy cooperation among its member services for successful implementation and high penetration; countries. The European Union also participates in the IEA’s work. • Providing a recognised, high-quality reference network for the Collaboration in research, development and demonstration (RD&D) global development of PV and related matters; of energy technologies has been an important part of the Agency’s • Attracting new participants from non-IEA countries where PV Programme. can play a key role in energy supply. • Carrying out relevant activities of multinational interest; The IEA RD&D activities are headed by the Committee on Research • Specifically, IEA PVPS will carry out collaborative activities and Technology (CERT), supported by the IEA secretariat staff, related to photovoltaics on the topics: Quality and reliability, with headquarters in Paris. In addition, four Working Parties on End environmental aspects, grid integration, urban, hybrid and Use, Renewable Energy, Fossil Fuels and Fusion Power, are charged with very large-scale systems, off-grid energy services, policy and monitoring the various collaborative energy agreements, identifying regulatory frameworks, as well as a broad set of information and new areas of cooperation and advising the CERT on policy matters. communication efforts; The Renewable Energy Working Party (REWP) oversees the work of ten • Finally, where appropriate from an energy system point of renewable energy agreements and is supported by a Renewable Energy view, IEA PVPS will increase the efforts to share its results and Division at the IEA Secretariat in Paris. cooperate with stakeholders from other energy technologies and sectors. IEA PVPS The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the The overall desired outcomes of the co-operation within IEA PVPS are: collaborative R&D Agreements established within the IEA, and since its • A global reference on PV for policy and industry decision makers establishment in 1993, the PVPS participants have been conducting a from PVPS member countries and bodies, non-member countries variety of joint projects in the application of photovoltaic conversion and international organisations; of solar energy into electricity. • A global network of expertise for information exchange and analysis concerning the most relevant technical and The overall programme is headed by an Executive Committee non-technical issues towards sustainable large-scale deployment composed of representatives
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