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Hunting the White Elephant. When and How Did Galileo
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science PREPRINT 97 (1998) Jürgen Renn, Peter Damerow, Simone Rieger, and Michele Camerota Hunting the White Elephant When and how did Galileo discover the law of fall? ISSN 0948-9444 1 HUNTING THE WHITE ELEPHANT WHEN AND HOW DID GALILEO DISCOVER THE LAW OF FALL? Jürgen Renn, Peter Damerow, Simone Rieger, and Michele Camerota Mark Twain tells the story of a white elephant, a present of the king of Siam to Queen Victoria of England, who got somehow lost in New York on its way to England. An impressive army of highly qualified detectives swarmed out over the whole country to search for the lost treasure. And after short time an abundance of optimistic reports with precise observations were returned from the detectives giving evidence that the elephant must have been shortly before at that very place each detective had chosen for his investigations. Although no elephant could ever have been strolling around at the same time at such different places of a vast area and in spite of the fact that the elephant, wounded by a bullet, was lying dead the whole time in the cellar of the police headquarters, the detectives were highly praised by the public for their professional and effective execution of the task. (The Stolen White Elephant, Boston 1882) THE ARGUMENT In spite of having been the subject of more than a century of historical research, the question of when and how Galileo made his major discoveries is still answered insufficiently only. It is mostly assumed that he must have found the law of fall around the year 1604 and that only sev- 1 This paper makes use of the work of research projects of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, some pursued jointly with the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence, the Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, and the Istituto Nazionale die Fisica Nucleare in Florence. -
Galileo in Rome Galileo in Rome
Galileo in Rome Galileo in Rome The Rise and Fall of a Troublesome Genius William R. Shea and Mariano Artigas Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright © 2003 by Oxford University Press, Inc. First published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2004 ISBN 0-19-517758-4 (pbk) Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. The Library of Congress has catalogued the cloth edition as follows: Artigas, Mariano. Galileo in Rome : the rise and fall of a troublesome genius / Mariano Artigas and William R. Shea. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-516598-5 1. Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642—Journeys—Italy—Rome. 2. Religion and science—History—16th century. 3. Astronomers—Italy—Biography. I. Shea, William R. II. Title. QB36.G2 A69 2003 520'.92—dc21 2003004247 Book design by planettheo.com 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS ACKNO W L E D G E M E N T S vii I N TRO D U C TIO N ix CHA P TER O N E Job Hunting and the Path -
Libro Bianco Sui Beni Culturali Pisani
Libro bianco sui beni culturali pisani a cura del Gruppo Cultura di Una città in comune PRIMO AGGIORNAMENTO Pisa, 30 luglio 2014 1 Indice Introduzione 3 Biblioteche 6 Archivio Generale di Ateneo 7 Biblioteca Universitaria di Pisa 8 Biblioteca Franco Serantini 9 Biblioteca Provinciale di Pisa 10 Biblioteca SMS 11 Monumenti 12 Piazza del Duomo 12 Cimitero Ebraico 13 Area del Santa Chiara 13 Scuola Medica 14 Chiesa di Santa Maria della Spina 15 Chiesa di San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno 16 Cappella di Sant'Agata 17 Chiesa di Sant'Antonio in Qualquonia 17 Chiesa di San Pietro in Vinculis o San Pierino 18 Chiesa e convento di San Francesco 19 Oratorio di San Bernardino 20 Chiesa di San Silvestro 21 Chiesa di Santa Croce in Fossabanda 21 Chiesa di San Zeno 22 Chiesa e convento di San Vito 23 Chiesa di Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri 23 Palazzo Prini-Aulla o palazzo Mazzarosa 24 Chiesa di San Domenico 24 Chiesa di San Giorgio dei Tedeschi 25 Luoghi inutilizzati o sottoutilizzati 26 Monastero di San Benedetto 26 Chiesa di San Benedetto 26 Palazzo Franceschi Galletti 27 Giardino di San Vito 27 Mura di Pisa 27 Bastione Sangallo 29 Bastione del Parlascio 29 Limonaia 30 Arsenali Medicei 31 Parco Don Andrea Gallo 32 In (s)vendita 33 Spedale dei Trovatelli 33 2 Santa Croce in Fossabanda 33 Mattonaia 34 Palazzo Mastiani 35 Sprechi 37 Uffizi Pisani 37 Campanile di San Piero a Grado 38 Sistema museale 39 Opera della Primaziale Pisana 39 Museo nazionale di San Matteo 39 Museo nazionale di Palazzo Reale 41 Museo di Palazzo Blu 41 Musei Comunali 42 Spazio Espositivo Sopra -
Enrico Fermi a Firenze. Le «Lezioni Di Meccanica Razionale» Al Biennio
I LIBRI DE «IL COLLE DI GALILEO» ISSN 2704-5609 (PRINT) | ISSN 2612-7989 (ONLINE) – 6 – I LIBRI DE «IL COLLE DI GALILEO» Direttore Daniele Dominici (Università di Firenze) Comitato scientifico Oscar Adriani (Università di Firenze; Sezione INFN Firenze, Direttore) Marco Benvenuti (Università di Firenze; Presidente del Sistema Museale d’Ateneo) Roberto Casalbuoni (Università di Firenze) Francesco Cataliotti (Università di Firenze) Stefania De Curtis (Sezione INFN Firenze) Paolo De Natale (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Direttore) Pier Andrea Mandò (Università di Firenze) Giuseppe Pelosi (Università di Firenze) Giacomo Poggi (Università di Firenze) Maria Sofia Randich Osservatorio( Astrofisico di Arcetri, Direttore) Enrico Fermi a Firenze Le «Lezioni di Meccanica Razionale» al biennio propedeutico agli studi di Ingegneria: 1924-1926 a cura di Roberto Casalbuoni Daniele Dominici, Giuseppe Pelosi FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2019 Enrico Fermi a Firenze : le «Lezioni di Meccanica Razionale» al biennio propedeutico agli studi di Ingegneria: 1924-1926 / a cura di Roberto Casalbuoni, Daniele Dominici, Giuseppe Pelosi. – Firenze University Press, 2019. (I libri de «Il Colle di Galileo» ; 6) https://www.fupress.com/isbn/9788864539607 ISSN 2704-5609 (print) ISSN 2612-7989 (online) ISBN 978-88-6453-959-1 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-960-7 (online PDF) Progetto grafico di Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Lettera Meccanica SRLs Immagine di copertina: elaborazione grafica della fotografia che ritrae da sinistra a destra Franco Rasetti, Rita Brunetti, Nello Carrara, Enrico Fermi all’Istituto di Fisica ad Arcetri [Archivio Amaldi, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”] Certificazione scientifica delle Opere Tutti i volumi pubblicati sono soggetti a un processo di referaggio esterno di cui sono responsabili il Consiglio editoriale della FUP e i Consigli scientifici delle singole collane. -
Guida-IRO.Pdf
The Head of Dipartimento di Economia e Management Dear students, Welcome to the Dipartimento di Economia e Management! Our Department is a lively environment where research and teaching live side by side in the areas of economics, business and management studies, mathematics and statistics. Moreover, courses on legal theory and foreign languages applied to economics are provided. In recent years, the Department has particularly increased its international activities, achieving very good results. We have created an International Relations Office, we have more than doubled the number of exchange students and exchange opportunities (Erasmus and overseas), and we have developed an International Programme for undergraduates and graduates, a MSc in Economics and an MBA totally taught in English, and many other international activities. In coming years, we aim to expand the opportunities for studying business, strategy, and marketing in English. This has a double aim: intensify the presence of foreign students in our Department and stimulate our students to live and work in an international context. I hope you will enjoy your stay in Pisa. Prof. Bianchi Martini Index 1. Welcome to Pisa . Welcome to Pisa pag. 6 . How to get to Pisa pag. 7 . A brief history of Pisa pag. 8 . The town and its surroundings pag. 11 . A short tour of Pisa pag. 13 2. IRO International Relations Office . Where we are pag. 18 . Purposes of IRO pag. 19 . International office services pag. 20 3. Academic information . Academic calendar pag. 26 . Study plan pag. 27 . CFU and ECTS credits pag. 28 . Italian marks pag. 29 . How to apply for exams pag. -
Elenco Degli Edifici Monumentali
MISTERO DELLA PUBBLICA ISTRUZIONE ELENCO DEGLI EDIFICI MONUMENTALI X X X III Provincia di Pisa ROMA TIPOGRAFIA DELL'UNIONE EDITRICE Via Federico Cesi, 45 1921 AVVERTENZA L'idea di formare un catalogo di tutto il patri monio artistico dello Stato risale assai addietro nel tempo. Già l'imperatore Costantino aveva ordmata una statistica degli edifici e delle opere pubbliche che erano allora nelle quattordici re gioni delle città di Roma, donde risultarono, tra le altre opere, 22 statue equestri, 423 templi con 80 statue d’oro e 77 d’avorio e 1352 fontane. Quattordici secoli più tardi, il 20 aprile 1773, il Consiglio dei Dieci di Venezia comandava che fosse compilato il catalogo generale dei più insigni dipinti esistenti nei confini della Serenissima ; ma questo elenco aveva natura di semplice in ventario, di accertamento della consistenza patri moniale della Repubblica, senza effetti giuridici determinati. Questi invece cominciano ad appa rire connessi col catalogo delle opere d’arte nel l'editto Pacca del 7 aprile 1820, il quale, ordi nando la formazione di un elenco degli oggetti artistici più preziosi dello Stato Pontificio, im poneva alle commissioni preposte alla loro conser vazione di esaminarli « presso qualunque proprie tario e possessore ». Unificate le varie provincie in un solo regno, il concetto di porre il catalogo dei monumenti e delle opere d’arte a fondamento di ogni sanzione — fi legislativa appare in quasi tutti i disegni di legge presentati all’esame del Parlamento. Non com preso nel progetto Coppino del 31 maggio 1887, vi fu introdotto dalla Commissione parlamentare che volle la formazione di un unico catalogo degli immobili. -
3D Mapping the Tower of Pisa
Visualisation technical 3D mapping the Tower of Pisa Compiled by Clare van Zwieten, EE Publishers Australian researchers have created the first ever interior 3D map of Italy’s Leaning Tower of Pisa by using a breakthrough mobile laser mapping system, the ZEB 1. This detailed record will be of great assistance in preserving the cultural heritage of the site. he Leaning Tower of Pisa is the freestanding bell tower, Tof the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt to one side. It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) after the Cathedral and the Baptistry. In 1987 the tower was declared as part of the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site. The leaning Tower of Pisa was designed as a circular bell tower and is constructed of white marble. It consists of eight stories, including the chamber for the bells. The bottom story has 15 marble arches and each of the next six stories contain 30 arches that surround the tower. The top story is the bell chamber, which has 16 arches. There is a 297 Fig. 1: Dr. Jonathan Roberts, Program Leader for CSIRO's Computational Informatics Division step spiral staircase inside the tower scanning the Leaning Tower of Pisa with the new Zebedee technology. leading to the top. The height of the tower is 55,86 m from the ground on the low side and 55,70 m on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 4,09 m and at the top 2,48 m. -
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S. -
Pisa and Lucca
SHORE EXCURSION BROCHURE FROM THE PORT OF LA SPEZIA DURATION 10 hr Pisa and Lucca TOUR DIFFICULTY EASY MEDIUM HARD iscover the elegant cities of Pisa and Lucca. Your private driver will Dpick you up at the port and take you on the picturesque ride to nearby Pisa where your private guide will be expecting you. Explore the Pisa square of Piazza dei Miracoli, see its Baptistery and the legendary Leaning Tower of Pisa, a UNESCO World Heritage site. After a visit inside the Pisa Duomo to learn about its history, your driver will take you to nearby Lucca, one of Tuscany’s lesser-known gems. After lunch at a selected trattoria, you will tour the town of Lucca which during the Longobard rule in the 11th century was made the capital of Italy. Lucca was famous for its sturdy walls that still encircle the town and its Romanesque architecture. Stroll along its famous ramparts to enjoy magnificent views of the town and surrounding coun- tryside, learn about its precious architecture and the individual spirit of its inhabitants. Enjoy seeing Piazza dell ‘Anfiteatro, Lucca Cathedral and more, and finish with a slice of ‘buccellato,’ Lucca’s signature cake! long with some time for shopping, you’ll fall under the spell of this Aenchanting town. hroughout our Lucca & Pisa shore excursions we’ll try and use scenic Tback roads so that you can fully appreciate the countryside of Tuscany prior to returning to the port of La Spezia and your cruise ship. BUTIQUE TOURS OTHER INFORMATION Highlights Of Your Excursion • This La Spezia shore excursion to Pisa and Lucca • English-speaking driver and private vehicle departs from and returns to your cruise ship. -
Michael Kühn Detlev Auvermann RARE BOOKS
ANTIQUARIAT 55Michael Kühn Detlev Auvermann RARE BOOKS 1 Rolfinck’s copy ALESSANDRINI, Giulio. De medicina et medico dialogus, libris quinque distinctus. Zurich, Andreas Gessner, 1557. 4to, ff. [6], pp. AUTOLYKOS (AUTOLYCUS OF PYTANE). 356, ff. [8], with printer’s device on title and 7 woodcut initials; a few annotations in ink to the text; a very good copy in a strictly contemporary binding of blind-stamped pigskin, the upper cover stamped ‘1557’, red Autolyci De vario ortu et occasu astrorum inerrantium libri dvo nunc primum de graeca lingua in latinam edges, ties lacking; front-fly almost detached; contemporary ownership inscription of Werner Rolfinck on conuersi … de Vaticana Bibliotheca deprompti. Josepho Avria, neapolitano, interprete. Rome, Vincenzo title (see above), as well as a stamp and duplicate stamp of Breslau University library. Accolti, 1588. 4to, ff. [6], pp. 70, [2]; with large woodcut device on title, and several woodcut diagrams in the text; title a little browned, else a fine copy in 19th-century vellum-backed boards, new endpapers. EUR 3.800.- EUR 4.200.- First edition of Alessandrini’s medical dialogues, his most famous publication and a work of rare erudition. Very rare Latin edition, translated from a Greek manuscript at the Autolycus was a Greek mathematician and astronomer, who probably Giulio Alessandrini (or Julius Alexandrinus de Neustein) (1506–1590) was an Italian physician and author Vatican library, of Autolycus’ work on the rising and setting of the fixed flourished in the second half of the 4th century B.C., since he is said to of Trento who studied philosophy and medicine at the University of Padua, then mathematical science, stars. -
Sources: Galileo's Correspondence
Sources: Galileo’s Correspondence Notes on the Translations The following collection of letters is the result of a selection made by the author from the correspondence of Galileo published by Antonio Favaro in his Le opere di Galileo Galilei,theEdizione Nazionale (EN), the second edition of which was published in 1968. These letters have been selected for their relevance to the inves- tigation of Galileo’s practical activities.1 The information they contain, moreover, often refers to subjects that are completely absent in Galileo’s publications. All of the letters selected are quoted in the work. The passages of the letters, which are quoted in the work, are set in italics here. Given the particular relevance of these letters, they have been translated into English for the first time by the author. This will provide the international reader with the opportunity to achieve a deeper comprehension of the work on the basis of the sources. The translation in itself, however, does not aim to produce a text that is easily read by a modern reader. The aim is to present an understandable English text that remains as close as possible to the original. The hope is that the evident disadvantage of having, for example, long and involute sentences using obsolete words is compensated by the fact that this sort of translation reduces to a minimum the integration of the interpretation of the translator into the English text. 1Another series of letters selected from Galileo’s correspondence and relevant to Galileo’s practical activities and, in particular, as a bell caster is published appended to Valleriani (2008). -
Galileo's Shopping List
GALILEO’S SHOPPING LIST: AN OVERLOOKED DOCUMENT ABOUT EARLY TELESCOPE MAKING Giorgio Strano* Introduction During the first half of the seventeenth century, Italian telescope mak- ers usually kept maximum secrecy concerning their methods of grind- ing and polishing lenses. On the one hand, it was a point of honour to produce the best lenses and to prevent anyone from equalling their ability. On the other hand, rivals and plagiarists were always eager to reveal the procedures that could grant a leading position in the tele- scope market. A few examples may suffice to make this fact clear. Around 1637, the Neapolitan optician Francesco Fontana tried to sell telescopes to the Medici Court in Florence. Fontana, however, was told that his lenses were of inferior quality, or equivalent, or just marginally better than those already produced in Florence. Despite this criticism, the Medici Court made unsuccessful attempts—via Benedetto Castelli—to steal the secret of Fontana’s method of polish- ing the lenses.1 A few years later, in 1647, the natural philosopher and optician Evangelista Torricelli passed away suddenly at the age of 39. This event prompted the Grand Duke of Tuscany to set up investigations immediately to try to recall from the grave Torricelli’s lens polishing secrets. Witnesses that had had access to the departed’s house and could have observed him at work, were summoned to the Court and * This article is the development of Giorgio Strano, “La lista della spesa di Galileo: Un documento poco noto sul telescopio”, Galilaeana 6 (2009), pp. 197– 211. I would like to thank Karen Giacobassi for her kind support in revising the English text.