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Development of the Automotive Sector in Selected Countries of the Escap Region

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Development of the Automotive Sector in Selected Countries of the Escap Region ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE ESCAP REGION Proceedings and country papers presented at the Regional Consultative Meeting on Promotion of Intraregional Trade and Economic Cooperation in the Automotive Sector UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE ESCAP REGION Proceedings and country papers presented at the Regional Consultative Meeting on Promotion of Intraregional Trade and Economic Cooperation in the Automotive Sector UNITED NATIONS New York, 2002 ST/ESCAP/2223 ESCAP works towards reducing poverty and managing globalization The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the authors, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this study do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This document has been issued without formal editing. ii FOREWORD The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) has been working to enhance industrial development and technological capability-building in member countries by undertaking various initiatives at regional/subregional levels and to promote cooperation among the economies in the region. As part of ESCAP efforts in promoting industrial development, it implemented a project on the promotion of intraregional trade and economic cooperation in the automotive sector in collaboration with the Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association (KAMA). The project was funded by the Government of the Republic of Korea. A Regional Consultative Meeting on the ways and means of promoting automotive industry was held at Seoul, from 10 to 12 December 2001. The auto-industry project undertaken by ESCAP and the Regional Consultative Meeting, in which representatives from nine countries participated contributed to the understanding of the prospects for automotive industry and to the evolution of cooperative measures among participating countries. This publication is a compilation of selected country studies and reports presented at the Consultative Meeting. Earlier a comprehensive study and survey result on the status of the automotive industry in the Asian and Pacific region was published. iii CONTENTS Page Foreword ..…………...…………………………………….……………...………....….. iii Abbreviations .………………………………..……………………...…………..….….. x Explanatory notes ..………………………………..……………………….…………… xii Part One - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS I. ORGANIZATION OF THE MEETING ………………………….……… 3 II. CONSIDERATION OF ISSUES …..………………………..…….……… 5 III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...……………………... 10 Annex. List of participants …..………...…...………..………………….……….… 14 Part Two - COUNTRY PAPERS I. AUSTRALIA ………...……………….…………..…………………….… 21 II. CHINA ……………………………….………………………………..…. 32 III. INDIA ……………………………….…………………….……………… 49 IV. INDONESIA …………………………….………………………...….…... 57 V. MALAYSIA ……………………………………………………………… 71 VI. PAKISTAN ……………………………….………….…………………... 84 VII. PHILIPPINES ……………………………….…………………………… 97 VIII. THAILAND …………………………….…………………………….….. 107 LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 New motor vehicle sales …..………...…...…..………………..………….. 22 1.2 Local production of PMVs and derivatives …..………………………...… 23 1.3 Australian market for PMVs …..………...……………………………...… 24 1.4 International trade in the automotive sector …..………………………..…. 25 v 1.5 Labour productivity of local PMV manufacturers …..……………….…… 25 7.1 Motor vehicle sales …..……………………………………….…………… 101 8.1 Unit production capacity in 2001 for Thailand’s automotive industry ….... 121 8.2 Unit production capacity for passenger cars in 2001 …..………….……… 122 8.3 Unit production capacity for pick-ups in 2001 …..………………….….… 122 8.4 Unit production capacity for buses in 2001 …..…………..…...………….. 122 8.5 Unit production capacity for motorcycles in 2001 …..………...…………. 123 8.6 Unit production volumes of the Thai automotive industry from 1993 to 2000, excluding motorcycles …………….....…...…………. 123 8.7 Unit production volumes for motorcycles …….….………..…..…………. 123 LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Australia’s top ten export markets, 2000-2001 …..….……………………. 24 2.1 Auto output 1991-2000 …..…....……………………………….…………. 33 2.2 Main economic index of the Chinese auto industry, 1991-2000 …………. 34 2.3 Changes of Chinese auto product structure (shares in the total auto output) …..……....…..….…………....………….. 34 2.4 Domestic market share of some parts enterprises …..…….…...………….. 35 2.5 Volume and value of imported autos in the past years …....……………… 36 2.6 Volume and value of exported auto products from 1990 to 2000 …....…... 37 2.7a Foreign investment in complete vehicle manufacturing ….………………. 39 2.7b Foreign investment in auto parts manufacturing …..……...…....…………. 40 2.8 Employment in the auto industry from 1990 to 1999 ……..…….……….. 42 2.9 Talents engaged in the auto industry of China and other countries ………. 42 2.10 Vehicles in use (for private and public use) in the whole nation …………. 43 2.11 Forecasts of the vehicle population and demand by 2005 ……….………... 44 2.12 Three major tax cuts in China …..………………………..…...…………. 47 2.13 Tax rate for some imported vehicles types …..………………...…………. 47 3.1 Installed capacity in different segments of the automobile industry ……... 51 3.2 Vehicle production, 1996-2002 …..……………………...………………... 51 vi 3.3 Indian car exports, 1996-2001 …..….………………………….…………. 52 3.4 Main export destinations ………………………………….…....…………. 52 3.5 Projections of India’s automobile industry, 2001-2012 …….....…………. 53 3.6 Projected export turnover ………………………….....…….….…………. 54 4.1 Car assemblers …………………………………………….…...…………. 59 4.2 Production volume ………………………….….…… ..…….....…………. 60 4.3 Sales volume ………………...…………………………..…......…………. 60 4.4 Indonesia to the world: CBU and CKD ……………….………………….. 60 4.5 Indonesia to Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation …………………………. 61 4.6 To APEC and the world (component) ………………………...………….. 61 4.7 Import duties for automotive and component based upon 1993 policy .…. 61 4.8 Import duties for vehicles and components based upon 1999 policy …………………………..….……..…...………… 62 4.9 Number of companies producing auto components …………..………….. 63 5.1 Production of the automotive industry …………….……..…...………….. 74 5.2 Production of national cars ………..……………….…….…..…………… 75 5.3 Production index of automotive components/parts ….…....……………... 75 5.4 Components and parts by local manufacturers …………..…....…………. 75 5.5 Sales of the automotive industry ………………………...……………….. 76 5.6 Exports of the automotive industry …...…………..…………..………….. 77 5.7 Imports of the automotive industry ….…………………..……………….. 78 5.8 Automotive-related companies certified under ISO 9000 series and QS 9000 (as of June 2001) ….……………………………………..…. 78 5.9 Technical transfer agreements …………………………….……………… 79 5.10 Employment in the automotive industry …...………...……......…………. 80 5.11 Tariff reduction exercises, 2002-2003 …...……………...……..…………. 81 5.12 Project approvals for the automotive industry …..……………..…………. 82 6.1 Infrastructure availability ….………………………….………..…………. 85 6.2 Pakistan’s economy at a glance …………....……….…………..…………. 85 6.3 Sectoral share in GDP ……………………...………………..……………. 86 6.4 Production of automobiles …...…………………………….…..…………. 86 vii 6.5 Market share of Japanese brands being assembled in Pakistan ..…………. 87 6.6 Market share of non-Japanese brands being assembled in Pakistan ..…….. 87 6.7 Market shares of cars …...……………………………………...…………. 87 6.8 Market share of motorcycles …...…………………………...…………….. 88 6.9 Market share of LCVs …...………………..………………..….………….. 88 6.10 Market share of tractors …...……………………………....…..………….. 88 6.11 Market share of trucks …...……………………………....…..…………… 89 6.12 Market share of buses …...……...…………………..…….…...………….. 89 6.13 Joint ventures for automotive vehicles …...………………...…………….. 90 6.14 Technical collaborations for auto parts …...………………..…………….. 90 6.15 Overview of technical collaborations in automobile industry .………….. 91 6.16 Total import of CKD and CBU vehicles for the years 1998-1999 to 2000-2001 ….…………………………………..………….. 91 6.17 Export of auto parts …...…………………………………...….………….. 92 6.18 Investment and manpower employment …..…………..…....…………….. 92 6.19 Prices of selected models of Pakistan assembled cars ……...….…………. 93 6.20 Tariff structure for automotive sector ………….….……....…...…………. 93 6.21 Maximum local content levels achieved ………….….……....…...………. 94 7.1 Population, labour and employment ….…………………….….…………. 98 7.2 Technological infrastructure/telecommunications ….….…………………. 98 7.3a Basic infrastructure: length of national road by surface type, as of 2000 ….….……………………………………….…..…...…………. 98 7.3b Basic infrastructure: bridges along national roads, as of 2000 …………… 99 7.4 Economic accounts ….…………………………....………........…………. 99 7.5 External sector ….…………………..………..………….....…..…………. 99 7.6 Finance and capital market ….……...…....………………....…………….. 100 7.7 Number of Motor Vehicle Development Program participants and their capacities ….…………………....….……………...….…………. 101 7.8a Exports of motor vehicles and parts: APEC trading …………..………….. 102 7.8b Exports of motor vehicles and parts: World trading
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