10 Negara Asean

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10 Negara Asean 10 NEGARA ASEAN Berjuta manusia tinggal di 10 negara Asean: Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand, Filipina, Timur Leste, Laos, Vietnam, Singapura, dan Kamboja. Budaya mereka ada yang hampir sama, tapi banyak juga yang berbeda. Budaya ini berakar dari agama, budaya masyarakat lokal, dan budaya nenek moyang tempat asal mereka. 1. Indonesia a. Lambang Negara Garuda Pancasila merupakan lambang negara Indonesia. Lambang ini dirancang oleh Sultan Hamid II bersamaan dengan M Yamin, yang kemudian disempurnakan oleh Presiden Soekarno. Sedangkan Pancasila itu sendiri merupakan dasar filosofi negara Indonesia. Kata Pancasila terdiri dari dua kata dari bahasa Sansekerta: pañca berarti lima dan śīla berarti prinsip atau asas b. Bendera Bendera Negara Sang Merah Putih berbentuk empat persegi panjang dengan ukuran lebar 2/3 (dua-pertiga) dari panjang serta bagian atas berwarna merah dan bagian bawah berwarna putih yang kedua bagiannya berukuran sama. c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Berdasarkan Pasal 1 Ayat 1 UUD 1945, Negara Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yangberbentuk republik. Berdasarkan hal itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk negaraIndonesia adalah kesatuan, sedangkan bentuk pemerintahannya adalah republik.Selain bentuk negara kesatuan dan bentuk pemerintahan republik, Presiden RepublikIndonesia memegang kekuasaan sebagai kepala negara dan sekaligus kepalapemerintahan. Hal itu didasarkan pada Pasal 4 Ayat 1 yang berbunyi, “Presiden RepublikIndonesia memegang kekuasaan pemerintahan menurut Undanag-Undang Dasar.”Dengan demikian, sistem pemerintahan di Indonesia menganut sistem pemerintahanpresidensial. d. Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya - Lagu Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia - Lagu Wajib Nasional Ciptaan : W.R. Supratman / Wage Rudolf Supratman 2. Brunei a. Lambang Negara Lambang negara terdiri dari bulan sabit (lambang Islam), dicantumkan dengan payung obor-obor (lambang pemerintahan di bawah seorang sultan). Di bawah payung adalah sayap yang melambangkan keadilan, kedamaian, kemakmuran dan keamanan. Di sebelah kiri dan kanan terdapat sepasang tangan yang menadah. Di bulan sabit terdapat motto dalam huruf Jawi, "Sentiasa berkhidmat dengan panduan Tuhan" dan di bawah bulan sabit, tertulis "Negara Brunei Darussalam" juga dalam tulisan Jawi. b. Bendera Negara Bendera Brunei diperkenalkan pada 29 September 1959 semasa Brunei merupakan protektorat Britania Raya dan ditetapkan saat Brunei mencapai kemerdekaan pada 1 Januari 1984. Bendera ini terdiri dari lambang negara di bagian tengah dengan latar belakang warna kuning dan garis hitam dan putih di bidang bendera. Di Nusantara, warna kuning adalah warna tradisional untuk raja-raja. Ini dapat dilihat di panji-panji kerajaan Malaysia dan Thailand dan juga bendera presiden Indonesia. c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Kerajaan Brunei Darussalam adalah negara yang memiliki corak pemerintahan monarki absolut dengan Sultan yang menjabat sebagai Kepala Negara dan Kepala Pemerintahan, merangkap seagai Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Pertahanan dengan dibantu oleh Dewan Penasihat Kesultanan dan beberapa Menteri. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah yang gelarnya diturunkan dalam wangsa yang sama sejak abad ke-15, ialah kepala negara serta pemerintahan Brunei. Baginda dinasihati oleh beberapa majelis dan sebuah kabinet menteri, walaupun baginda secara berkesan merupakan pemerintah tertinggi. Media amat memihak kerajaan, dan kerabat kerajaan melestarikan status yang dihormati di dalam negeri. d. Lagu Kebangsaan Allah Peliharakan Sultan merupakan lagu kebangsaan Brunei Darussalam. Lagu ini ditulis oleh Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Abdul Rahim dan digubah oleh Awang Haji Besar bin Sagap pada tahun 1947. Ia diberi status resmi pada tahun 1951. 3. Malaysia a. lambang Negara Lambang Malaysia, atau disebut Jata Negara di Malaysia terdiri dari perisai yang ditopang dua harimau. Di atas perisai terdapat bintang dan bulan sabit berwarna kuning. Di bawahnya terdapat pita dengan semboyannya "Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu". b. Bendera Jalur Gemilang adalah sebutan bagi bendera nasional Malaysia. Bendera ini bercorak 14 garis (jalur) merah dan putih (melintang) yang sama lebar, bermula dengan garis merah di sebelah bawah, yang melambangkan jumlah anggota dalam persekutuan 13 negara bagian plus Kerajaan Persekutuan. c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Malaysia adalah sebuah federasi dari 13 negara bagian dan 3 wilayah federal. Sistem pemerintahan di Malaysia erat model bahwa sistem Westminster parlementer, warisan dari pemerintahan kolonial Inggris. [7] Namun dalam prakteknya, kekuasaan lebih banyak dipegang oleh cabang eksekutif pemerintah daripada di legislatif, dan yudikatif telah dilemahkan oleh serangan ditopang oleh pemerintah selama era Mahathir. Pemilihan parlemen diadakan setidaknya sekali setiap lima tahun, dengan pemilihan umum terakhir pada Maret 2008. d. Lagu Kebangasaan (Tionghoa: 我的祖國, Tamil: ெநகாராக ,ل ڬ و ن ڬاراکو :Lagu Negaraku (Jawi merupakan lagu resmi dari Kesultanan Perak. Lagu Terang Bulan, yang berasal dari pulau Mahé di Kepulauan Seychelles dan diadopsi oleh Raja Abdullah setelah pulang dari pengasingan di Seychelles. Iramanya berasal dari lagu "La Rosalie" digubah oleh seorang komposer berkebangsaan Perancis, Pierre Jean de Beranger (1780-1857), kemudian digubah ulang dan diberi judul "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" seterusnya dijadikan lagu resmi Kesultanan Perak ketika pertabalan raja Edward VII 1901.[1] Irama lagu Negaraku ini juga sama dengan irama lagu Mamula Moon yang dipopulerkan oleh Felix Mendelssohn dan Hawaiian Serenaders. 4. Thailand a. lambang Negara Lambang negara Thailand menampilkan Garuda, burung mitologi dalam kepercayaan Hindu dan Buddha. Di Thailand figur ini digunakan sebagai lambang keluarga kerajaan dan otoritas. Lambang ini disebut Krut Pha, yang berarti "garuḍa sebagai wahana dewa Wishnu." Lambang ini menjadi lambang negara Thailand sekaligus lambang Raja Thailand. Garuda juga merupakan Lambang Negara Indonesia serta lambang kota Ulan Bator (ibu kota Mongolia). b. Bendera Bendera Thailand pertama diciptakan pada masa pemerintahan Raja Rama II. Bendera ini dipilih dengan simbol beruntung gajah putih. Bendera Thailand ini, Rong Trai atau tiga warna dirancang oleh Raja Rama VI. Ini adalah pertama kali digunakan sekitar tahun 1920. Lima garis horisontal dari tiga warna (merah, putih dan biru) memiliki makna. Merah adalah warna darah dan merepresentasikan kehidupan kepada orang-orang Thailand. Putih melambangkan kemurnian agama nasional, Buddhisme. Dan biru menandakan dan monarki dan peran pentingnya bermain di kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Thailand. c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Politik Thailand saat ini dilakukan dalam kerangka monarki konstitusional, dimana Perdana Menteri adalah kepala pemerintahan dan raja turun-temurun adalah kepala negara. Pengadilan independen dari eksekutif dan legislatif. d. Lagu Kebangsaan "Phleng Chat Thai" ("เเเเเเเเ") yang secara harfiah berarti "Lagu Kebangsaan Thai" adalah lagu kebangsaan Thailand. Lagu ini mulai digunakan sejak 10 Desember 1939. Lagu tersebut digubah oleh Peter Feit (nama Thailand: Phra Chen-Duriyang), 1883-1968, putra seorang imigran Jerman dan penasehat kerajaan untuk musik. Liriknya ditulis oleh Luang Saranupraphan. 5. Filipina a. lambang Negara b. Bendera c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Pemerintah Filipina mengikuti Pemerintah Amerika Serikat. Dia ditata sebagai sebuah republik, di mana Presiden berfungsi sebagai kepala negara, kepala pemerintahan, dan Panglima Tertinggi angkatan bersenjata. Presiden dipilih dalam pemilu untuk masa jabatan 6 tahun, dan memilih dan mengepalai kabinet. Dewan Legislatif Filipina mempunyai dua kamar: Kongres terdiri dari Senat dan Dewan Perwakilan; anggota keduanya dipilih oleh pemilu. Ada 24 senator yang menjabat selama 6 tahun di Senat, sedangkan Dewan Perwakilan terdiri dari tidak lebih dari 250 anggota kongres yang melayani selama 3 tahun. Cabang yudikatif pemerintah dikepalai oleh Mahkamah Agung, yang memiliki seorang Ketua Mahkamah Agung sebagai kepalanya dan 14 Hakim Agung, semuanya ditunjuk oleh Presiden. d. Lagu Kebangsaan Lupang Hinirang adalah lagu kebangsaan Filipina. Musiknya disusun pada tahun 1898 oleh Julian Felipe dalam bahasa Spanyol, dengan lirik diadaptasi dari puisi Filipina, ditulis oleh seorang tentara-penyair muda bernama Jose Palma pada tahun 1899. 6. Timor leste a. lambang Negara Motto: Unidade, Acção e Progresso b. Bendera c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Kepala Negara Republik Timor Leste adalah seorang presiden, yang dipilih secara langsung dengan dengan masa bakti selama 5 tahun. Meskipun fungsinya hanya seremonial saja, ia juga memiliki hak veto undang-undang. Perdana Menteri dipilih dari pemilihan multi partai dan diangkat/ditunjuk dari partai mayoritas sebuah koalisi mayoritas. Sebagai kepala pemerintahan, Perdana Menteri mengepalai Dewan Menteri atau Kabinet dalam Kabinet Pemerintahan. Parlemen Timor Leste hanya terdiri dari satu kamar saja dan disebut Parlamento Nacional. Anggotanya dipilih untuk masa jabatan selama lima tahun. Jumlah kursi di parlemen antara 52 dan 65 tetapi saat ini berjumlah 65. Undang-Undang Dasar Timor Leste didasarkan konstitusi Portugal. d. Lagu Kebangsaan Pátria adalah lagu kebangsaan Timor Leste. Liriknya ditulis oleh Francisco Borja da Costa sementara lagunya digubah Afonso de Araujo pada tahun 1975. Lagu ini dijadikan lagu kebangsaan pada tahun 2002. Lagu ini hanya dinyanyikan dalam versi bahasa Portugis dan belum mempunyai versi bahasa Tetun yang merupakan bahasa kenegaraan. 7. laos a. lambang Negara b. Bendera c. Bentuk Pemerintahan Satu-satunya partai politik yang diakui di Laos adalah Partai
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