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Espécies De Melastomataceae Juss. Com Potencial Para Restauração Ecológica De Mata Ripária No Cerrado

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Espécies De Melastomataceae Juss. Com Potencial Para Restauração Ecológica De Mata Ripária No Cerrado Núm. 35, pp. 1-19, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2013 ESPÉCIES DE MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. COM POTENCIAL PARA RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE MATA RIPÁRIA NO CERRADO ESPECIES DE MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. CON POTENCIAL PARA LA RESTAURACIÓN ECOLÓGICA DE LA VEGETACIÓN RIPARIA DEL CERRADO/SAVANA MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL USE IN ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF GALLERY RIPARIAN VEGETATION OF CERRADO/SAVANNA Lidiamar B. Albuquerque1, Fabiana G. Aquino1, Leila C. Costa2, Zenilton J.G. Miranda3 y Simone R. Sousa1 1Embrapa Cerrados, CP 08223, CEP 73310-970, Planaltina-DF, Brasil. 2Universidade de Brasília – UnB, Brasília, DF. 3Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brasília, DF. Correo electrónico: [email protected]; [email protected] RESUMO síndromes de polinização e de dispersão de sementes, reprodução vegetativa, riqueza de Melastomataceae Juss. é a sexta família espécies, abundância, cobertura, fenofases em importância no bioma Cerrado, sendo de fl oração e frutifi cação. A partir da análise comuns em vegetação secundária. As espé- destes parâmetros defi niu-se os critérios para cies desta família apresentam estratégias de avaliar o potencial de uso das espécies na vida e adaptações como grande produção de restauração ecológica. Entre as 14 espécies sementes, dispersão efi ciente de propágulos, da família de Melastomataceae registra- altas taxas de germinação e crescimento das, Miconia chamissois Naud. (35.42% rápido que podem propiciar a ativação dos e 42.53%), Ossaea congestifl ora (Naud.) processos ecológicos envolvidos na rege- Cong. (23.6% e 13.29%), Macairea radula neração natural de habitats perturbados. DC (19.66% e 17.22%) e Tococa formicaria O objetivo foi caracterizar as espécies de Mart. (6.78% e 3.87%) apresentaram maior Melastomataceae em vegetação secundária abundância e cobertura, respectivamente. e avaliar seu potencial para uso na restau- As espécies estudadas apresentaram, em ração ecológica de áreas degradadas de sua maioria, grande oferta de recursos ali- matas ripárias. Este estudo foi realizado na mentares ao longo do ano, que, associadas a área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, à outras características permitiram identifi car margem direita do córrego Sarandi, Distrito o potencial de restaurabilidade de cada es- Federal, Brasil, em uma área de um hectare, pécie avaliada. O potencial para uso na res- onde foram instadas parcelas e transectos tauração ecológica foi alto para as espécies: para avaliação dos parâmetros: caracterís- Miconia chamissois, Miconia ibaguensis, ticas botânicas, ecológicas e reprodutivas, Miconia albicans, Miconia theaezans e To- 1 Núm. 35: 1-19 Febrero 2013 coca formicaria. Estas espécies podem atuar parámetros se establecen los criterios para como nucleadoras, atraindo principalmente evaluar el uso potencial de las especies polinizadores e dispersores de sementes, en la restauración ecológica. Entre las 14 aumentando o grau de conectividade entre especies de la familia Melastomataceae os fragmentos e a área em processo de res- registradas tuvieron mayor abundancia y tauração ecológica. Dessa forma, acredita-se cobertura, respectivamente: Miconia cha- que o uso dessas espécies pode acelerar o missois Naud. (35.42% y 42.53%), Ossaea processo de restauração ecológica por meio congestiflora (Naud.) Cong. (23.6% y da maximização das interações biológicas. 13.29%), Macairea radula DC (19.66% y 17.22%) y Tococa formicaria Mart. (6.78% Palavras chave: polinizadores, dispersores y 3.87%). Las especies estudiadas ofertan, de sementes, atração de fauna, restaurabili- en su mayoría, gran cantidad de recursos dade e Miconia. alimenticios durante todo el año que, junto con otras características, permiten determi- RESUMEN nar el potencial de restaurabilidade de cada especie estudiada. El potencial para su uso La familia Melastomataceae Juss. es la en la restauración ecológica es alta para sexta en importancia en el Cerrado, y son la especie: Miconia chamissois, Miconia comunes en la vegetación secundaria, cuyas ibaguensis, Miconia albicans, Miconia estrategias de vida incluyen adaptaciones theaezans e Tococa formicaria. Estas es- como la gran producción de semilla, la pecies pueden actuar como núcleos, sobre efi ciente dispersión de propágulos, las altas todo atraer a los polinizadores y dispersores tasas de germinación y el crecimiento que de semillas, lo que aumenta el grado de puede proporcionar la activación de los conectividad entre los fragmentos y la zona procesos ecológicos que intervienen en la en el proceso de restauración ecológica. regeneración natural de los hábitats pertur- Así, se cree que el uso de estas especies bados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue ca- puede acelerar el proceso de restauración racterizar las especies de Melastomataceae ecológica a través de la maximización de dentro de un área de vegetación secundaria las interacciones biológicas. y evaluar su capacidad potencial para uso . en la restauración ecológica de la vegeta- Palabras clave: polinizadores, dispersores ción riparia. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en de semillas, restaurabilidad, atracción de Embrapa Cerrados, en el margen derecho fauna y Miconia. del arroyo Sarandí, Distrito Federal, Brasil, en un área de una hectárea, donde fueron ABSTRACT instalados las parcelas y transectos para la evaluación de los parámetros: característi- Melastomataceae Juss. is the sixth family cas botánicas, ecológicas y reproductivas, in importance in the Cerrado biome, being síndromes de polinización y dispersión common in secondary vegetation. The spe- de semillas, reproducción vegetativa, la cies of this family presents life strategies riqueza de especies, abundancia, cobertura and adaptations include adaptations such as y los estadios fenológicos de fl oración y large seed production, effi cient seed disper- fructifi cación. A partir del análisis de estos sal, high germination rates and rapid growth 2 Albuquerque, L.B. et al.: Espécies de Melastomataceae com potencial para restauração ecológica de mata ripária no cerrado that can provide the activation of ecological INTRODUÇÃO processes involved in the natural regenera- tion of disturbed habitats. The objective was Melastomataceae é uma família que com- to characterize the Melastomataceae species preende 166 gêneros e 4200-4500 espécies in secondary vegetation and to assess their e é bem representada em ecossistemas potential for use in ecological restoration tropicais e subtropicais das Américas, onde of degraded riparian forests. This study são encontradas cerca de 3000 espécies was conducted in the experimental area of (Renner, 1993). Os neotrópicos concentram Embrapa Cerrados, near to the river Saran- dois terços das espécies conhecidas e no di, Distrito Federal, Brazil, in an area of Brasil ocorrem 68 gêneros, dos quais 21 one hectare. In this area were placed plots são endêmicos, englobando aproximada- and transects for evaluation of parameters: mente 1500 espécies (Romero e Martins, botanical and ecological characteristics, 2002). É a sexta família em importância pollination and seed dispersal syndromes, no bioma Cerrado, a savana brasileira, com vegetative reproduction, species richness 518 espécies (Mendonça et al., 2008). Re- and abundance, coverage, fruiting and presentantes desta família estão presentes fl owering. From of these parameters was em todas as formações vegetacionais deste assessed the potential use of the species bioma com um número variável de espécies in ecological restoration. Among the 14 e grande diversidade de hábitos que per- species of the Melastomataceae recorded mitem a ocupação de ambientes distintos Miconia chamissois Naud. (35.42% and e diversificados, com grande proporção 42.53%), Ossaea congestiflora (Naud.) de gêneros endêmicos (Romero e Martins, Cong. (23.6% and 13.29%), Macairea 2002). A família Melastomataceae é consti- radula DC (19.66% and 17.22%) and To- tuída na maior parte por árvores e arbustos, coca formicaria Mart. (6.78% and 3.87%), e em menor parte por lianas, epífi tas, ervas presents greater abundance and coverage, anuais e perenes (Renner, 1989; Judd et al., respectively. According to the ability to 2010). As fl ores, geralmente, localizadas supply of food resources throughout the nas infl orescências terminais ou axilares year and other features was recommended (Wurdack, 1973; Judd et al., 2010 são, pre- these species for use in restoration ecology dominantemente, polinizadas por abelhas (high potential of restorability): Miconia coletoras de pólen (Renner 1983, 1989; Judd chamissois, Miconia albicans, Miconia et al., 2010). Para determinadas espécies há ibaguensis, Miconia theaezans and Tococa registros de polinização realizada por mos- formicaria. These species offer pollen, cas (Goldenberg e Shepherd, 1998), aves seeds and fruits, attracting wildlife and (Snow e Snow, 1980), morcegos e roedores accelerate the process of ecological res- (Renner, 1989). toration through maximization of biological interactions. A família Melastomataceae apresenta es- tratégias de vida que incluem adaptações, Key words: pollinators, seed dispersal, tais como: grande produção de sementes, attraction of wildlife, restorability and efi ciente dispersão dos propágulos, altas Miconia. taxas de germinação e crescimento rápido. Alguns gêneros da família Melastomataceae 3 Núm. 35: 1-19 Febrero 2013 são característicos de vegetação secundária, Nesse sentido, para acelerar o processo apresentando espécies pioneiras, com frutos de restauração ecológica recomenda-se o carnosos pequenos e arredondados que uso de espécies vegetais que possam atrair são consumidos
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