STATEMENT ON FUSION AND ENERGY POLICY FEBRUARY 2001

Today, our nation is urgently searching for solutions to the power shortfall in the Pacific Coast region. While the immediate problem has many contributing causes, energy supply is essentially a long-term issue. We must not only react to recurring crises but also prepare for the future. In addition to acting to ameliorate the immediate problems, we urge you to address the nation’s long-term energy needs through creation and funding of a focused R&D effort to expand our future commercial energy options.

We advocate an expanded, sustained energy R&D effort to provide the United States and the world with the energy it will need for the 21st century. The focus of this effort should be to provide new economic and environmentally acceptable energy technologies as soon as practical. The options that present themselves for mid-term application include advanced technologies for improving energy end-use efficiency, cleaner burning of fossil fuels, improvements in nuclear fission technologies, and less costly and more efficient renewable energy options. For the long term, we urge an accelerated effort to develop fusion energy.

Fusion power plants, when developed, offer a number of specific advantages, including an abundant fuel supply, no air pollution and much reduced risk from hazardous radioactive materials. At present, the United States has an excellent but underfunded scientific research program on fusion. Other nations, notably Japan and the European Union, pursue both scientific research and also a focused development strategy aimed at eventual commercialization.

We urge the United States to strengthen greatly its research into the fundamental science and advanced technology of fusion energy and to prepare a strategic plan for the realization of practical fusion energy as an important element in a long-term, environmentally responsible energy development strategy.

On August 9, 1999, the Fusion Energy Task Force of the Secretary of Energy’s Advisory Board (SEAB) completed and delivered its Final Report: “Realizing the Promise of Fusion Energy.” This report concludes: “the threshold scientific question — namely, whether a fusion system producing sufficient net energy gain to be attractive as a commercial power source can be sustained and controlled — can and will be solved.” The report also noted that U.S. funding for fusion energy research is “subcritical” at this time.

We very much appreciate your efforts to establish a responsible energy research and development policy for both the near and long term, to prevent recurrence of our present energy supply difficulties.

Attachment: List of Signatories Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 2 [Institutional affiliations are provided for identification purposes only and do not denote institutional concurrence in this letter.]

Dr. Mohamed Abdou, Professor Argonne, IL University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA S. Locke Bogart, President Energy Analysis and Systems, Inc. Laurence P. Altbaum, Associate Program Leader San Marcos, CA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA Dr. Mohamed Bourham, Professor of Nuclear Engineering Floyd N. Anderson, President North Carolina State University F.N. Anderson & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, NC Lynchburg, VA Dr. Robert Bourque, Lead, Superconducting Dr. Charles C. Baker, Adjunct Professor Accelerator Design University of California at San Diego General Atomics San Diego, CA Los Alamos, NM

Dr. David E. Baldwin, Senior Vice President Dr. Bastiaan J. Braams General Atomics New York University San Diego, CA New York, NY

Dr. Roger O. Bangerter, Director Dr. James D. Callen, Kerst Professor of Virtual National Laboratory for Heavy Ion Engineering Physics and Physics and Fusion Director, Center for Theory and Berkeley, CA Computations University of Wisconsin Dr. William A. Barletta, Director, Accelerator Madison, WI and Fusion Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory E. Michael Campbell, Vice President for Berkeley, CA ICF and General Atomics Dr. Peter Barnard, Chairman and CEO San Diego, CA ITER Canada Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dr. Vincent Chan San Diego, CA Dr. Paul Bellan, Professor California Institute of Technology Dr. Brett E. Chapman, Assistant Scientist Pasadena, CA University of Wisconsin – Madison Madison, WI Dr. Herbert L. Berk, Professor, Department of Physics Dr. Francis F. Chen, Professor University of Texas at Austin University of California at Los Angeles Austin, TX Los Angeles, CA

Dr. Lee Berry, Research Scientist Dr. Edward T. Cheng, President Oak Ridge, TN TSI Research, Inc. Rancho Santa Fe, CA Dr. Abraham Bers, Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA

Dr. Michael Billone Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 3

Dr. John F. Clarke, Chief Scientist, Dr. Thomas Dolan Global Technology Strategy Project Vienna, Austria Battelle Memorial Institute Washington, DC Dr. Bernard J. Eastlund, President Eastlund Scientific Enterprises Dr. Robert W. Conn, Dean and Walter Zable San Diego, CA Professor of Engineering Irwin and Joan Jacobs School of Engineering Dr. Timothy E. Eastman, President University of California at San Diego Plasmas International La Jolla, CA Silver Spring, MD

Ms. Joyce Cooper, Treas/Sec Dr. Laila El-Guebaly, Senior Scientist Birchwood Credit Services, Inc. University of Wisconsin-Madison Weston, FL Madison, WI

Dr. Donald Correll, Director, Science and Dr. William R. Ellis, Chief Scientist Technology Education Program Raytheon Technical Services, Inc. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Lanham, MD Livermore, CA Dr. Max Fenstermacher, Physicist Benjamin J. Cross, Program Manager, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Strategic Planning and Integration Livermore, CA Westinghouse Savannah River Company Aiken, SC Dr. Raymond J. Fonck, Professor of Engineering Physics Dr. William F. Cummins, Physicist (Retired) University of Wisconsin Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Madison, WI Fort Bragg, CA Dr. Harold K. Forsen, Senior Vice President Dr. Donald P. Dautovich, Managing Director (Retired) ITER Canada Bechtel Corporation Toronto, Ontario, Canada Kirkland, WA

Dr. Ronald C. Davidson, Professor Dr. T. Kenneth Fowler, Professor of the Graduate School Princeton, NJ University of California Berkeley, CA John Davis Manager, High Temperature Materials Dr. Jeffrey Freidberg, Professor and Head of The Boeing Corporation Nuclear Engineering Department St. Louis, MO Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA Dr. John M. Dawson, Professor of Physics University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA Dr. Terry Galloway, President Intellergy Corporation Dr. Stephen O Dean, President Berkeley, CA Associates Gaithersburg, MD Dr. Wilhelm B. Gauster Albuquerque, NM Anthony R. DeMeo Plainsboro, NJ Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 4

Dr. John R. Gilleland, President and CEO Dr. Richard D. Hazeltine, Professor of Physics Archimedes Technology, Inc. and Director, Institute for Fusion Studies San Diego, CA University of Texas Austin, TX Dr. John Gilligan, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Programs Dr. Robert F. Heeter, Livermore Fellow North Carolina State University Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Raleigh, NC Livermore, CA

Dr. Damon Giovanelli, President Dr. W. B. Herrmannsfeldt, Senior Scientist Sumner Associates Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Santa Fe, NM Stanford University Stanford, CA Dr. Terry F. Godlove, Senior Consultant FM Technologies, Inc. Dr. Alan L. Hoffman, Professor of Aeronautics Fairfax, VA and Astronautics University of Washington Dr. Robert J. Goldston, Director Seattle, WA Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, NJ Dr. William J. Hogan, Senior NIF Scientist Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Gordon Goodman, Vice President Livermore, CA Oxy Energy Services, Inc. Houston, TX Dr. John P. Holdren, Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy Dr. James D. Gordon & Director, Program in Science, Advanced Systems Manager Technology, & Public Policy, TRW Space and Electronics Group Harvard University Redondo Beach, CA Cambridge, MA

Dr. Robert A. Gross, Professor Emeritus Michael Hollins, Inertial Fusion Technology Columbia University Research Engineer New York, NY General Atomics San Diego, CA Dr. David Hammer, Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. E. Bickford Hooper, Deputy Program Leader, Fusion Energy Program Ithaca, NY Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA Dr. Jeffrey Harris, Professor Australian National University Dr. Wayne A. Houlberg, Research Scientist Canberra, Australia Oak Ridge, TN

Dr. Robert W. Harvey, Principal Scientist Jeffrey C. Hoy CompX Vienna, VA Del Mar, CA Lawrence R. Ives, President Dr. Richard D. Hawryluk, Deputy Director Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory Saratoga, CA Princeton, NJ Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 5

Dr. Thomas Jernigan, Research Scientist Dr. Charles Lasnier, Physicist Oak Ridge, TN Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA Dr. Robert Kaita Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Dr. Edward A. Lazarus, Senior Research Staff Princeton, NJ Oak Ridge National Laboratory San Diego, CA Dr. Takaya Kawabe, Professor University of Tsukuba Dr. , Fusion Energy Program Leader Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA Dr. Mujid S. Kazimi, TEPCO Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Dr. Rulon K. Linford Director, Center for Advance Nuclear Oakland, CA Energy Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. B. Grant Logan, Deputy Director Cambridge, MA Virtual National Laboratory for Heavy Ion Fusion Dr. G. A. Keyworth II Livermore, CA Science Advisor to President Ronald Reagan Dr. Glen Longhurst, Consulting Engineer Dr. Edward H. Klevans, Professor Emeritus and Idaho Falls, ID Department Head Penn State University C. Marshall Loring, Jr., Electrical Engineer and University Park, PA Team Leader, Industrial Systems Communications and Power Industries, Inc. Dr. Steven E. Koonin, Vice President and Palo Alto, CA Provost and Professor of Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Dr. James A. Lyon, Research Scientist Pasadena, CA Oak Ridge, TN

Dr. Nicholas A. Krall, Vice President Dr. Earl Marmar, Senior Research Scientist Krall Associates Massachusetts Institute of Technology Del Mar, CA Cambridge, MA

Dr. Sergei Krasheninnikov, Professor Dr. Richard Mattas University of California at San Diego Argonne, IL San Diego, CA Dr. Michael E. Mauel, Professor and Chairman, Dr. Gerald L. Kulcinski, Grainger Professor of Department of Applied Physics and Nuclear Eng. and Director, Fusion Applied Mathematics Technology Institute Columbia University University of Wisconsin New York, NY Madison, WI Dr. Robert L. McCrory, Professor and Director Dr. Bruce R. Kusse, School of Applied and University of Rochester Laboratory for Engineering Physics Energetics Cornell University Rochester, NY Ithaca, NY Timothy McKechnie, Director Plasma Processing, Inc. Huntsville, AL Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 6

J. Malvyn McKibben, Executive Director Dr. George H. Neilson, Principal Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness Research Scientist Aiken, SC Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, NJ Dr. David W. McLaughlin, Prof. of Mathematics and Director Charles Neumeyer, NSTX Project Manager Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory New York University Princeton, NJ New York, NY Dr. W. M. Nevins, Physicist Dr. Dale M. Meade, Head, Advanced Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Fusion Concepts Livermore, CA Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, NJ Dr. David Newman, Professor University of Alaska – Fairbanks Dr. Wayne Meier, Fusion Technology Fairbanks, AK Group Leader Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Director Emeritus Livermore, CA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA Dr. George H. Miley, Professor University of Illinois Dr. Masayuki Ono Urbana, IL Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, NJ Dr. Ronald L.Miller, Project Scientist University of California at San Diego Dr. Patrick O’Shea, Acting Director, Institute for La Jolla, CA Plasma Research University of Maryland Dr. Stanley L. Milora, Research Scientist College Park, MD Oak Ridge, TN Dr. Ronald Parker, Professor, Departments of Dr. Arthur Molvik, Physicist Electrical and Nuclear Engineering Virtual National Laboratory for Heavy Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ion Fusion Cambridge, MA Livermore, CA Dr Stephen A. Payne, Associate Program Leader Dr. Michael Monsler, Executive Vice President Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Schafer Corporation Livermore, CA Livermore, CA Dr. Martin Peng, Research Scientist Dr. Masanori Murakami, Research Scientist Oak Ridge, TN and Morgantown, NJ Oak Ridge, TN Dr. Francis W. Perkins, Jr., Princeton-DIII-D Dr. Farrokh Najmabadi, Professor Collaboration University of California at San Diego Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory San Diego, CA Princeton, NJ

Dr. Gerald A. Navratil, Professor Dr. L. John Perkins, Physicist Columbia University Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory New York, NY Livermore, CA Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 7

Dr. Per F. Peterson, Professor and Chair, Dr. Jeffrey Quintenz Department of Nuclear Engineering Albuquerque, NM University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA Dr. Roger Raman, Research Scientist University of Washington Dr. Ronald W. Petzoldt, Visiting Research Seattle, WA Scientist University of California at San Diego Dr. William Reddan, Vice President San Diego, CA Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. New York, NY Dr. Steven J. Piet, Consulting Engineer, Research Initiatives Department Dr. Martin Reiser, Professor Emeritus BBWI-INEEL University of Maryland Idaho Falls, ID College Park, MD

Dr. Peter Politzer Dr. D. B. Remsen, Jr., Senior Technical Advisor General Atomics General Atomics San Diego, CA San Diego, CA

Dr. , Director, Plasma Science Dr. Fred L. Ribe, Professor Emeritus and Fusion Center University of Washington Massachusetts Institute of Technology Seattle, WA Cambridge, MA Dr. Barrett Ripin, President Dr. Gary D. Porter, Physicist Research Applied Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Bethesda, MD Livermore, CA Dr. Scott Robertson, Professor of Physics Dr. Richard F. Post, Senior Scientist University of Colorado Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Boulder, CO Livermore, CA William H. Robinette, Jr., Manager, Dr. Andrew Post-Zwicker, Lead Scientist, Advanced Systems Science Education Program TRW Systems & Information Technology Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Group Princeton, NJ Fairfax, VA

Dr. Stewart Prager, Professor of Physics Dr. Thomas D. Rognlien, Physicist University of Wisconsin Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Madison, WI Livermore, CA

Dr. Mark Prelas, H. O. Croft Professor, Nuclear Dr. James A. Rome, Senior Scientist Engineering Department Oak Ridge National Laboratory University of Missouri – Columbia Oak Ridge, TN Columbia, MO Dr. Marshall N. Rosenbluth, Professor of Lester K. Price, Project Manager, Spallation Physics Source University of California at San Diego U. S. Department of Energy LaJolla, CA Oak Ridge, TN Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 8

Dr. David Ross, Associate Director, Fusion Dr. Allen Sessoms, Visiting Scholar Research Center John F. Kennedy School of Government University of Texas Harvard University Austin, TX Cambridge, MA

Dr. J. Reece Roth, Weston Fulton Professor of Dr. J. Phillip Sharp, DOE Post-doctoral Fellow, Electrical Engineering Fusion Safety Program University of Tennessee Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Knoxville, TN Laboratory Idaho Falls, ID Dr. William Rowan, Associate Director, Fusion Research Center Dr. John Sheffield University of Texas at Austin Oak Ridge, TN Austin, TX Dr. Richard Siemon, Fusion Energy Sciences Dr. Paul H. Rutherford, Principal Research Program Manager Scientist Los Alamos National Laboratory Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory Los Alamos, NM Princeton, NJ Dr. Thomas C. Simonen Dr. John F. Santarius, Senior Scientist Munising, MI University of Wisconsin Madison, WI Dr. Dale Smith, Senior Technical Advisor, Technology Division Dr. Ned R. Sauthoff Argonne National Laboratory Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory Argonne, IL Princeton, NJ Ian Smith, General Manager Dr. Mohamed Sawan, Senior Scientist Titan Pulse Systems, Inc. University of Wisconsin San Leandro, CA Madison, WI Dr. Don Spong Dr. John Schmidt Oak Ridge, TN Princeton, NJ Dr. Weston Stacey, Callaway Regents Professor Dr. Kenneth R. Schultz, Director, Inertial Fusion Georgia Institute of Technology Technology Division Atlanta, GA General Atomics San Diego, CA Dr. Barry W. Stallard, Physicist Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Ambrose L. Schwaillie, Pres. & CEO, Gov’t. Livermore, CA Washington Group International Aiken, SC Dr. Ronald D. Stambaugh, Director, DIII-D National Fusion Program Dr. Thomas Shannon, Professor General Atomics The University of Tennessee San Diego, CA Knoxville, TN Jeffrey G. Steimer, Vice President Dr. Andrew M. Sessler, Former Director Liquid Natural Gas/Aerospace Sales Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pitt-DesMoines, Inc. Berkeley, CA The Woodlands, TX Signatories on Statement on Fusion and Energy Policy, February 2001 Page 9

Dr. Don Steiner, Institute Prof. of Nuclear Eng. Dr. Harold Weitzner, Prof. of Mathematics and and Chair, Dept. of Environmental and Director, Magnetofluiddynamics Division Energy Eng. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute School of New York University Engineering New York, NY Troy, NY Dr. F. W. Wiffen, Adjunct Professor of Dr. Philip M. Stone, Adjunct Professor Materials Science and Engineering The George Washington University The University of Tennessee Washington, DC Knoxville, TN

Dr. Igor N. Sviatoslavsky, Senior Scientist Dr. Scott Wilms, Deputy Office Manager, University of Wisconsin Fusion Energy Sciences Madison, WI Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM Dr. D. Gary Swanson, Professor of Physics Auburn University Dr. James T. Woo, President Auburn, AL InterScience, Inc. Troy, NY Dr. Richard J. Temkin, Senior Scientist, Department of Physics and Dr. John G. Woodworth, Chief Scientist, Associate Director, Plasma Science and Proliferation Detection Division Fusion Center Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Livermore, CA Cambridge, MA Dr. Yixiang Xie, Research Scientist Dr. Mark Tillack, Research Scientist and Rolla, MO Lecturer University of California at San Diego Dr. Gerold Yonas, Principal Scientist La Jolla, CA Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM Dr. Alvin W. Trivelpiece, formerly Director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Dr. Douglas Young, Assistant Professor of Oak Ridge, TN Physics Mercer University Dr. Nermin Uckan, Editor, Fusion Science and Macon, GA Technology American Nuclear Society Oak Ridge, TN

Dr. James W. Van Dam, Associate Director, Institute for Fusion Studies University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX