I i Urn Im uc: “ The primary aim of modern The Rewards of Labour p*. 2 w a rfare . . . « lo aP products of the machine without Society and the raising the standard of liviog* Adolescent - p* 2 —GEORGE ORWELL> The Age of Speed - p* 3 (••WAR IS PEACE” in 1984> R C H I S T

Vol. 12, No. 28 S ep tem b er 8th, 1951 Threepence

99 THE LABOUR PARTY’S «< DOUBLE-THINK Railmen Attack Centralisation TN an article entitled “The Com­ thus be said to be representative of only PEACE IS WAR a minority viewpoint. The fact is, how­ mune and the Syndicates*’ ever, that workers as a whole (even (Freedom , 21/7/51), I wrote: Welsh workers!) are slow to put pen HE policy statement issued last week of everyone in the community.” upon. But research in the development “Anarchists and Syndicalists are not to paper on matters of administration* Fv./the National Executive of The statement says that, “Investment of lethal weapons continues at a rate ashamed to pronounce their Region­ and that the initiative to do so was taken Labou** Party with the title “Our in coal, electricity, gas, coke ovens, rail­ faster than their production. It is the and, without, as far as I know, the It Duty^Peacc”, is designed to offset ways, roads, and petroleum during 1951 field of research that advances most alism.” machinery of any political organisation gftfluvincc of the Bevanite manifest 6 will be higher than, in 1950. The pro­ rapidly—because the demand is greatest. It is with some interest, therefore, to “help” them, they were able to gather Wav Only”, at the Trade Unipn gramme of new building for the manu­ Germany lost the battle for air that I read of a protest organised by so much support indicates a fairly high es$ and the Labour Party's annual facturing industry will be about the same. supremacy in the last war because its general measure of agreement among fence .at Scarborough next month. There will be bigger investment in . enemies, through starting, later were able footplate workers of the Western their fellow workers. Add to this the (tevan;Wilson statement quarrelled, education. The housing programme will- to produce more advanced machines. So Region of the British Railways. For fact that the workers launching the ini­ {to rearmament but with the scale be maintained.” the accumulation of anmaments will have this protest specifically pronounced tiative clearly feel very strongly about Rrofcrramme. The National Execu- But it does not add that increased to be used up somewhere before they the Regionalism of some 3,200 sig­ it and can thus become an influential pew is that the arms programme expenditure will fail to rise with in- become obsolete. This is the ultimate natories who found the administra­ “ginger group”, and it seems likely that ■bents what all consider the mini- creased^costs and consequently that real implication of “Our First Duty—Peace”, we have not heard the last from the Required to deter aggression and so investment will be less. And it does not just as it is the implication of the tion of the Railway Executive regionalists of S. Wales. pi? a Third World War”. The add that housing and educational “policies'’ of the Labour Party’s political “reckless and inefficient”. For, of course, they were not made "11 part of the document is there- authorities in many parts the coun­ opponets, who would serve up the same The protest took the form of an exactly welcome at the Ministry of BbloledMo a series of platitudes to try are abandoning new projects for lack dish with different trimmings. Transport. This Ministry’s offices are g|tfc toe* hardly original or historically of materials diverted to armaments And this is the policy which after open letter, which six railmen from situated, like the National Coal Board, Tul,-doc trine, “If you wish for industries. suitable back-stage revolts and whip- Swansea, S. Wales—four drivers and in Berkeley Square (where nowadays B : p^pare for war.” The emphasis What will happen when the three-year cracking, the Trades Union Congress even the nightingales cannot be heard Baking the rich pay”, which has so two firemen—brought to London to programme is completed? It will be dis­ and the Labour Party Conference will present to the Minister of Transport. above the rattle of bureaucratic tea­ ■fd the- sinti-Lltbour press has ob- covered that Russia and its satellites have endorse. “We do not accept the view cups) and when the six delegates arrived ■y been inserted in order to steal rearmed to keep pace with America and that was is inevitable,” says the state- The number of signatories represents there, threading their way among the Bunder of “One Way Only”. The its satellites, and that consequently the fent. It might as well have added: “But a fifth of the sixteen thousand locomo­ sleek limousines, they were refused Spent declares that: “High rates of “security minimum” will have to be in­ we’ll do our bit to make it so.” tive engineers and firemen working on audience with the Minister himself, Mr. gps tax and surtax have already creased, another programme embarked C.W. the Western Region, and the letter may Alfred Barnes, and had to present their B ed ah enormous redistribution of message to an underling, and leave. B e in Britain. In 1938, after taxes Been paid, only £39 out of -every They were indeed optimistic if they g)f personal incomes went to wage thought they could see the great man and £24 to salary earners. In FOREIGN COMMENTARY himself. If London dockers are not ^ B th e share of wages had gone up allowed to see their own union boss, Mr. B |? out of each £100. The share of Deakin, when they call at Transport Kb?- earners was about the same at THE KOREA AG ED Y House, what chance have these provin­ ■ The increase in the share of the cials of seeing a Minister of the Crown? R nal income going to wage earners is ■ELSEWHERE we reproduce an editorial Koreans, Chinese and other troops en­ Democracy, it is natural that' he is con­ After all, democracy has its limits. (I’ll if almost entirely to a reduction in the comment from the Chicago weekly gaged in this senseless struggle. cerned that a military victory in say it has!) Jpe taken by those who Jive on un­ Industrial Worker (organ of the I.W.W.) ★ S. Korea should not be meaningless, The open letter read: feed income.” which deals with the Korea Truce talks which it will be “unless it is accompanied HTHE New York Herald Tribune “We, the undersigned locomotive" Spits means, presumably, that after six in a very similar vein to the one in by a rehabilitation programme sufficient enginemen and firemen of the Western B rs of “Britain’s wartime revolution”, which it was dealt in this column last (N.Y. edition) in a pointed editorial in scope to convince the S. Korean Region, make a sincere appeal for the B d seven years of “the silent revolution week. And the New York anarchist “Koreans are People” discusses the tre­ people that the costly war of resistance termination of the reckless and inefficient p out midst”,4 the workers’ share has weekly VAdunata dei Refrattari in its mendous problems created for the against Communism was worth while”. Koreans by this war: “Americans are administration of the Railway Executive ^Breased by 8 per cent., and that 28 per issue for September 1st, refers to the We think it is asking too much of the over the Western Region. (but- of personal incomes still goes to Kaesong armistice talks as a “tragic appalled—and rightly—at the terrible cost Korean people to ever hope to convince Jlople who do not earn it. And this farce” in which “the two sides are in in young American lives of the fighting them that this war was worthwhile—is uln the interests of the safety of the |$ despite Jhe increase in the working agreement on only one point: of not in Korea. Yet large though the American there any war that has been worthwhile railway passengers and ourselves we de­ jppulation and increased productivity. concluding an armistice which might end casualty list seems, more than twenty when everything is taken into account, mand a complete control over the ■fit should not be imagined, however, the military operations and the shedding times that number of Korean civilians including the new problems created by Western Region by our own regional Brom the talk of “sharing the burden” of blood on both sides.” Quoting from are dead, wounded or missing, if official such wars? officers, who were former Great Western Korean estimates are to be believed. ★ f Railway experts, to resussitate the Great ■that it is these people who are going to the official figures of American casualties Like Americans, these Koreans are peo­ Tpay for the arms race, for, “to pay for published in Time, our contemporary ATEVERTHELESS, the N.Y. Herald Western Railway’s highly efficient pfearmament some sacrifice must inevit- shows how during the two months use­ ple. Like^the rest of us, they are human mechanical, technical, and welfare ad­ beings, with the same sensitivity to pain Tribune realises that a military vic­ ministration over the Western Region. ■ably be made by everyone.” The worker lessly spent by the peace delegates in and the same desire to live. More than tory for the “democracies” does not Jhnd his wife will discover the meaning wrangling over procedure, 500 American 2.000. 000 Korean civilians have been automatically carry with it an acceptance “We, as British subjects, fell it is our fiof this every time they go shopping. The soldiers have been killed and 2,200 killed, according to Korean estimates, by the Koreans of the “democratic way solemn duty to have at least one region FKhomeless and the old will find what is wounded on the Korean battlefield. And and countless others have been uprooted of life”. One can only counter the myth of the British Railways to pay its way* Bneant by the phrase, “There is need for from these figures one can guess what from their homes or from the rubble of “communism” by better ideas and to run speedily and, above all, safely. [common sense and restraint on the part casualties there must be among the of what was once their homes. Con­ obviously for the Koreans democracy We recommend a public inquiry without sidering Korea’s population—only about must show them that it not only provides delay into the rapidly deteriorating situ­ 28.000. 000—this would make the civilian them with the freedom to starve but that ation on the Western Region which disaster one of the worst, relatively, in democratic” capitalism ensures economic compels footplatemen to seek alternative history. Vast areas of the country have security as well. employment Mersey & London Dockers felt the crushing weight of war’s steam- So far the Koreans have little to The points raised in this letter are too roller—not once, not twice, but several choose between the two ‘isms’. Those numerous to discuss more than briefly times, as the contending armies swayed refugees who same from the North to here, while hoping to return to them at Form Co-operatives back and forth.” the South, have found that they have a later date. But what stands out a mile The editorial writer suggests that simply jumped from the frying pan into is that these workers feel responsibility co-op’s only paid official. The 12 elected Americans are not sufficiently conscious the fire. Now, a Canadian corres­ for the running of their railway. The YVTE reported, in our issue of August pondent reports that more than 120,000 18th, that dockers on Merseyside directors, who undertake financial res­ of this tragedy—and we would add that objection to workers control that ponsibility for the company, are paid five the observation applies to this country Koreans have been pulled from their “workers don’t want the responsibility’* were planning to form a Stevedore's Co­ homes in frontal areas to clear the way operative. This has now been formed shillings a year—and they pay their own as well. It may be because Korea is so is shown clearly in a statement like this far away or because the people’s senses for military operations. Many, he says, open letter to be absolute nonsense. and London dockers have also taken the expenses. have had to abandon their possessions, plunge and formed the Associated Steve­ It was inevitable that difficulties would have been “numbed by tl\e endless suc­ and in some cases even rice stocks were It is true that the letter asks for con­ dores' (London) Ltd. be put in the way of to% new venture, cession of ‘refugee stories’ ” that the two burned. Ninety per cent, of these trol by experts—which is not the same The idea is that the dockers take out but we hope the dockers Will be able to wars have produced, or just that “Per­ refugees, the correspondent adds, are as workers’ control, but, as I have shares in the co-operative (which operates overcome this opposition. haps some of us still suffer from the illu­ malnutrition cases. argued before, the technicians must be in the same way as the ordinary steve­ sion that in crowded Asia death and To meet these ever-increasing human included in the term “workers” if they doring companies, the difference being The general principles of the co­ suffering are less meaningful and some­ are concerned with production and not operative seem admirable as a means of problems, the United Nations have voted that profit on work done is distributed how less painful than in America and 250 million dollars (about £84 millions) with finance. And it is obviously much hack to the shareholding dockers. dealing with the matter of responsibility Europe.* In any case, mere words have better for the workers that administra­ In London, the co-op is coming up and reward as things are to-day. The been singularly unsuccessful in conveying Continued on p. 3 tion should be in the hands of those who against difficulties, in that they, are not dockers will be showing that they are to the American people the extent and know the job rather than those who do capable of running their own industry— not. getting big ships to unload, being able, and already members include not only depth of the ordeal through which the so far, only to get work on small ships, dockers and stevedores, but clerks, people of Korea have been moving.” COLLECTIVE SECURITY The railways are second only to the which are not so profitable to work. lightermen and ship and tug pilots. Do we owe any responsibility to the coal-mines in the incidence of industrial In the Surrey Docks, where the co-op Koreans? asks the writer. And his There are 4,000,000 Refugees in Korea It may be that these co-operatives will living—and dying—in the worst condi­ accidents. Working on the railways is was formed, there are eleven stevedoring answer is: “On humanitarian grounds a dangerous job, and it becomes danger­ companies already operating who get the prove the beginning of an industrial alone, the answer, of course, is an tions in the World. organisation which could eventually take There have been nearly half a million ous for the passengers too when adminis­ big ships allocated to them in rotation. emphatic yes. But there is more to it tration is not in the hands of those The dockers co-operative applied to go over the control of the docks entirely. casualties among South Korean civilians That remains to be seen. than that.” directly doing the work. on the rota, and take their turn with the Whilst blaming the war on “power- in the past year. Washington estimates other companies, but the Board of Trade, There ate dangers and snags in any that there have been nearly 200,000 We may feel the opening of the third hungry Communists dictated to from paragraph to be rather pompously which apparently governs these things, venture endeavouring to work within Moscow”—a sad lapse into cheap slogan- “non-battle” casualties in the North. has turned down their application on the capitalist society. The profit motive Disease and death daily exact a terrible worded and capitalist-minded, but the jsing, in our opinion, from the high sting lies in the tail. Footplatemen, more grounds the dockers are “in­ seems a dominant one in these new co­ moral tone of the rest of the editorial— toll among these homeless wandering experienced”. operatives, and, while that is understand­ people. And the shortage of doctors is highly-paid than station staff, and after he admits that splitting Korea “at its years of training, are leaving the industry But Mr. Henry F. Whitewood, secre­ able, it would be a great pity if they heart, without reference to the wishes of appalling. tary and managing director of Associated were to develop in the same way as the One hundred and eighty thousand because they are dissatisfied with condi­ the people” encouraged and facilitated tions after they had hoped for so much Stevedores has pointed out: “Four fore­ consumers’ co-ops have done—into just this “act of aggression . houses have been destroyed. men in charge of the last two ships we another vast capitalist concern. The black shadow of famine is over from nationalisation—that is why they Since he presents the Korean' war as want their Region to pay its way. dealt with have worked 115 years be­ However, as long as membership is a struggle between Communism and the land. This year’s rice crop—staple diet tween them on the docks. And they call limited to those who are actually doing of the Koreans—is 75 per cent, of nor­ Political and state-minded thinkers have told us for years that centralised that inexperience! But we need a share the work, the directors are unpaid and •The Attitude that Asiatics are inferior is mal. Next year’s will be doomed unless in bigger ships. One big ship eauals in the only paid official is not getting more brought out very blatantly in the report on fertilisers are rapdily supplied. planning makes for efficiency. They have profit four or five of the small ships we than he would on the job, corruption General Michael’s testimony before a Congress A quarter of a million farm animals, had their way and are being proved Committee on the Korean war. At one point he wrong. The workers’ urge for responsi­ have been handling.” will not be so easy. Indicated at least a suspected reason for the mostly oxen, have been killed. For his work as managing director and We wish the dockers of Merseyside Chinese soldier’s fight-to-the-end attitude after In industry, 85 per cent, of Seoul’s bility as expressed in the open letter secretary—“a 24-hours-a-day job”—Mr. and London the best of luck in their assuring Rep. Errett P. Scrivner, R.. Kan., factories have been wrecked. And the above can only find its full expression initiative. To work in co-operation with that tliis also was characteristic of the North through a syndicalist movement aiming Whitewood, himself a stevedore and Korean Communists. Mr. Scrivner wanted to once-vital factories of the North have at the most de-centralised form of con­ trade tinioo branch official, gets about his. fellows, and not under the control know why it is impossible to get our South been obliterated. War damage in the the same pay as he would for an eight- or for the profit of the boss, should be Korean allies to perform the same way in battle South alone is put at £600,000,000. tr o l—Workers' Control since they are '‘pretty much the same breed” as hour day on the docks. He is the the aim of every worker. the North Koreans. (Our italics.) • Sunday Pictorial, 26/8/51. THE REWARDS OF LABOUR—Five Viewpoints 1^^“_|M r. Lewis Spence, *'***' Scottish Daily Mall iV lt/S iV ^ E publish below five points of view on the rewards of labour, four author, “could possibly exist, much less thrive, in which the workers “If any theme seems to have 1 W of them from newspapers and magazines published during the as a whole refused to co-operate with the governing power.” unpopular in working-class ckeft, last twelve months, and the fifth from one of the “classics” of anarchist Scotland these day, it is that which used The fourth statement is by an anthropologist, who observes in a to be known as the “from log-cabin w theory. In the first extract in this symposium, the editor of the paper White House” story—the talc ol q* ^ founded by Gandhi, comments on a complaint by an “educated” man mining village a reflection of the point of view discussed in the first two terprising and enthusiastic youth ***, b that he can only get menial and poorly-paid work. The editor concludes items. He believes the incentive to be not money but social status— dint of hard work and organising ttcnhis, a status based not on social usefulness but on the “middle-class" came to the top of the tree. . with the sugestion that if differences are to be allowed, more strenuous “Working-class philosophy has o| \Me or less attractive work should be the better-paid. The second contribu­ standard of values. years, formulated the opinion that h |§ tion comes from an American magazine. Here a very similar complaint In the final quotation Kropotkin, who also draws his illustration not in the interests of its solKtantythai is considered and in discussing it, the editors show how special skills are a man should accept promotion, which from miners, demonstrates that it is quitd impossible to assess in relation implies ‘going over to the enemy ana rewarded by our society to the degree in which they help to maintain to society the social contribution of any individual and consequently exclusion from the fellowship of ones those who wield power. reaches the conclusion, “All is for all.” To follow Kropotkin’s argument class. . 1 “Moreover, they demand that wark for The third point of view is that of “rugged individualism”—that the for the abolition of the wages system—or of any labour-ticket system which little technical preparation is re- J rewarding of personal ambition is a law of nature. But it contains of barter, the reader should tum to the three-penny pamphlet The Wage quired in some cases should be remuner-1 one truth worth hammering home: “No State of any kind,” says its System. ated at much the same rate as that which the professional man receives after I ■years of a gruelling and onerous apprch-l I. Rewards & Education 1 tlceship, during which he is unpaid and] 2. Rewards and Power has to subject himself to mental test] “Last year, 80.000 boys and girls sat and Strains which the average industriE for the High School Examination. worker never has to face and woul# This year, their number rose to An American magazine, Manas (Los for mathematical reviews for him to be “Obviously, the rewards due to regard as ‘slavery’. 1,000,000. And in the coming year it Angeles) in its issue of 13/12/50, says: paid at the rate, say, that a lawyer would scholarship make a most complicated “By what arguments do the disgrunjjlj may reach—so the educational authori­ be repaid for the equivalent amount of question. No doubt scholars should be seek to justify such a contentif Thousands of their own class havcJ ties estimate—1,500,000. And as the “The German scholar, E. Bodewig, research. So on amoral economic better paid, but according to what braced the opportunities presented] number of undergraduates and ex- announces that he will write no more grounds, his complaint is without stand­ standard? Dr. Bodewig proposes one increased educational facilities ami r high school boys jumps, their “price” for Mathematics Review—that he is go­ ing. Suppose he were a manufacturer basis of comparison: succeeded in breaking into the wclB slumps. How much is a school-leaving who had given an inordinate amount of ■professions. Are these overpaid fg certificate worth these days? Let an ing on “strike” against the small re­ muneration of advanced scholarship. time to developing a commodity which For example, Professor X invited ties of fortune? ex-high school boy who works as a was of interest td only a very small to take a position at the Mathematical “In a long experience of life 11 “water-sprayer" answer. He says: ‘It He says: number of people, and that, finding he never yet known of a man whit] is Re 1-8 a day, during summer and Centre at Amsterdam—for 300 gulden could not market the commodity except a month. I wrote to him that for that diligent in his business, whatever I none during the rest of the year. Be­ “I wrote a book on Numerical at a loss, he then wrote a plaintive letter have been, who did t not succeed] cause that is what I earn by spraying Methods in a year and a half, working he could get a plumber. It is too bad plain words, if he gave his wholaT water on klias tattis during the summer to the Journal of Commerce to object that at the time I had not seen a news­ 5—10 hours a day. It was translated to the lack of consideration shown for and mind to his job and used an months.’ And how much is an under­ in the U.S. When the contract was paper advertisement for nurses in an intelligence and industry in its PJra graduate worth these days? If you put his years of effort which remain un­ insane asylum at 3,300 gulden a year lion, there is no power on earth T this question to one of the tribe who drawn up, it turned out that I was to compensated. The claim of such a manu­ with half-room and board. Otherwise get about $350 (and the translator the can retard him from promotion] has just secured the job of a chaprasi facturer that he had been ‘exploited’ I would have recommended a nurse success. his reply will be: ‘Formerly it was same amount).-'And this in a field would be laughed at as ridiculous. from the insane asylum to my “And this is true despite the pdfl Rs 85 a month: now it is only Rs 45. where one can say that no book at all ‘colleague’ (even though she would conditions under which such a many I was then a clerk and now I am only existed before. Afterwards the pub­ “Obviously, this is not the position exist, whether they be Liberal, P( a chaprasi.' But there are not as many have received rather less pay at the lisher wanted to make even these con­ assumed by the mathematician. What Mathematical Centre) . Conservative, Socialist or Contra] khas tattis to spray water on as there No State of any kind could pq|_ are ex-high school boys without work; ditions worse in underhanded ways. he really means is that he is not being Then I cancelled the whole contract offered a reward compensurate with his “Why is an expect mathematician exist, much less thrive, in whicM nor is the job of a chaprasi waiting for workers as a whole refused to co- movement is that it is • straw in the would he open and there are may mov require n o rr miensJiy if (fer w fra r Mr. Kerensky in the headlines has seasoned revolutionaries, tried aad ex­ of oppression intensifies, la this as some significance, more perhaps for this wind not to the way Russia is blowing perienced, who would soon demonstrate side of the Iron Curtain than the other. (his connections with underground Russia anarchists we have s particular task ceased years ago, for although Social - a better way to the workers and peasants even Mr Churchill hasgranted that the Despite the curious feeling one gets at of Russia who, m spite of all the ia- last movement in Russia to withstand ' Vol. 12. No. 28 Sept. 8. 1951 learning that Alexander Kerensky is still Democrats still exist there, illegally in docnnation of thirty years, may yet show Russia, openly in the camps of Siberia, Bolshevism was the Anarchist move­ alive and even at recognising that he is the startled Commies of the outside ment. If there n to be any social revolu­ a real person and not just an Aunt Sally as do the other anti-Stnlinist groupings, world in our lifetime how false was the any question of co-ordination with the tion in Russia, it can only take an anar­ of the Marxist textbooks (“At the point exterior show of the Kremlin. chist direction; it is only the an&rachisis THE AGE OF SPEED in a revolution when a Kerensky-type outside is extremely remote), but to the way America is Mowing. Kerensky it who have withstood Bolshevism to the Government arises . . . in the last No doubt, if the Kerensky propaganda gates of Siberia in Russia, and likew ise T $ th en one read, for example, analysts .. .“), he is, of course, at seventy seeking the support of the powerful succeeds and Alexander the Greet Opti­ in countrftt such as Rumania and Bul­ De Quincey’s account of the years of age not a very old man as Russian-Amcrican organisations for his mist is recognised at the legitimate heir garia. la Bulgaria the fight agaout politicians go. propaganda directed from Munich to to all the Russias, the approach of the overwhelming odds ,$ a* epic w the English stage coach, one is trans- Russia. This may perhaps affect a few Western Powers to Russia may crystal past-war period: the anarchist move­ | ported into another world. Before Prior to the Revolution, Kerensky was soldiers in the Russian Zone of Ger­ |nr. and in the event of war post-war ment. a smalt enough section of the work­ one of the able young lawyers of the many (not so much the propaganda as plans for the alteration of the Stalain ing-class, has made a stand against j the railways, it took days to cross Social-Dcmocralc movement, and the the chance of escape) but even more will regime may ensue. But naturally these Bolshevism that may yet crackthe edifice1 England where now it takes hours, man selected as Prime Minister of the it affect the U.S. policy-makers. plans are based on the supposition of wide open. The other opponents of short-lived Republic of 1917. In a few Land for the travellers the journey victory, and preparations for war always Stalinism may worship power and trans­ months the return of other intellectual In the twenties the capitalist world leave for the not very important persons fer their allegiance from Trotsky or |was rich in impressions and experi­ lights eclipsed Kerensky, and the coup hoped for the restoration of the Tsar, one terrible uncertainty—namely, what is Zinoviev or Kerensky (or anyother of ence. In achieving this speed in of Lenin and Trotsky ousted him from and poured away wealth into the at­ going to happen in the event of defeat? the lawyers so completelyout of touch Russia. Ever since, if his movement tempts of the Whites to succeed. Our They enjoy curdling our blood with what with thereal Russia) to Tito,the Man of ■ravel, it is not difficult to see what inside Russia has dwindled and been Mr. Churchill was somewhat frustrated wUl happen in the event of defeat, and the Moment. The anarchist movement n ’e have lost both as regards the decimated to nothing whatever, Kerensky in his ambitions in that direction (as he tell us that is why we must support the keps alive the spirit of resistance because has been always (one would think) sit­ no doubt came to welcome, since other­ war. However, defeat is always a mili­ it believes in freedom. IKomforts and the events of a ting in his hotel bedroom with his bags wise he might never have had those tary possibility, and it seems more logical irney: it is much less clear what packed waiting for the telegram to tell magnificent receptions in Moscow where to know what we should do when "the We may yet be fighting an under­ him to come home. At every crisis he he was treated like a sprig of the captains and the kings depart”. ground struggle against Stalinist domina­ ifrave gained. has announced that the moment is at Bolshevik aristocracy). They have come tion. la H we know we have sure allies hand, and the one consolation that might to appreciate reality and now no longer That is one more reason why as revo­ within that country itself, which would have gained time. Recently have been afforded him in its long-put- make attempts at the overthrow of Bol­ lutionaries we are not concerned with not welcome the assistance of the armed off arrival has been the fact that all the shevism. In the propaganda which is military peparalions but with our revolu­ forces of any other Government. blanes have crossed the Atlantic gentlemen concerned in the putsch that poured out regardless of cost even put an end to his few months of office tionary task. In the event of victory, Breached the Par East in ab­ by impoverished Britain, no cue, no there Is not much we can do except give bnufutuNiusi. ly short times and we take it have either died a natural death or direction, no suggestion, is made to the perished at the hands of the monster they Russian people as to what they should ■hinted that this- represents solid created. do about it. Mr. Morrison may sav it Jvement. But if one asks just would be very nice if they had a Par­ ■ Letter from Paris- And now there appears (from the liamentary opposition, the U.S. radio a in real terms one has gained “practical political" point of view, may tell them how wonderful is the ns asking one of the awkward which never seems fortunately—to suc­ American way of life with television in FRANCE’S MAN OF DESTINY ceed in practice) no alternative but every bedroom, hut ns to what they itlons of the age. There is a tale Kerensky. The hopes of the Romanovs *7 demand above all that nothing \ flics to save their jobs and their skma. should do about It or how they should was evidently to “go into the streets” gk Chinese sage who was told are not impossible of fulfilment—neither, get such luxuries remains a mystery. more should be said about me. perhaps, are those of the Stuarts—but the have suffered too muchand justice has demonstrate their patriotism under the V the record for the hundred aegis of the Communist Party and conduct of that house and its followers, But not a mystery, of course, to Mr. been so distorted because of the un­ J s had been lowered by a tenth so arrogant in victory and craven in just and prejudicial publicity given u affiliated organisation, Honneur de Kerensky in his hotel bedroom, who has \Poiice. But arms, at this precise moment jrsecond. “And what,” he asked defeat, has brought it to the stage where no doubts about the answer and it still my case. / fear that people will still its pretensions are a comic opera joke. waiting for the telegram. Only now it try to do me harm without reason. were lacking—one can understand why |jhe winner going to do with the It may be that by way of light relief is becoming dear to him that the tele­ My good name has been ruined. I ask Monsieur Joseph, also affected by [gained?” after the tragedy of Stalinism and war gram will have to he sent by the all the world to leave me and my si stance fervour, procured for the “libera the Romanov clowns may waddle across family in peace." Itors of Paris” the material for a phone American Commandcr-in-Chicf. And [insurrection, in which a sufficient numbe pme, it is said, is money. Speed the stage (as Heine said of the Bourbons that is the whole secret of this propa­ (Signed) Joanovk i. 23/8/51. in a similar position). But though such ganda. The Russians should be used by [of Parisians futiicly perished. sought after abstraction not an absurdity could happen—and may now to the re-importation of lawyers to TTERE, in brief, is the story of the Later, unjustly troubled for his acti lly in travel but in industry, certainly be trotted out as a war-lime control their destinies c but. of course, Joanovici affair, wrangled over two vines as doublc-croeser, informer, plun diversion just to keep attention away there is no guarantee whatsoever that the years ago, by the Court of Justice in derer and murderer, the patriot Joano Bre increased speed in production from the main issues (as was the restora­ second Kerensky government would be Paris. was warned in time by the Communist ■ worker per hour is continually tion of the Hohcnzollcrns or all that any more successful that the first, still I From 1941 to 1944, the R.A.F. sup­ inspector Piednoir, of his instructions t Jessed for. It is easy to “under- Vansittart business during the last war) less if a mere facade backed by foreign plied the French resistance network with [arrest him. He was stand-offish at first —there is really no doubt the hard- bayonets. and then negotiated, as between great lEnd” the economists’ argument three things: papers, money and arms. headed men who control the destinies of The money was always useful; the powers, with the government of the Jat a speed-up reduces production America would not throw away their After so much that they have endured papers were easily destroyed in an Fourth Republic. His conditional sur dollars on the Imperial Court tom­ the Russians may be able to bear render was ratified by a term of fiv Bpsts and confers advantages in the foolery. emergency; there remained the arms Kerensky again, too, but at any weaken- dangerously conclusive evidence, and years' imprisonment and a fine of ; Bbnstant struggle for markets. But often very hard to conceal. hundred million francs. [gVvhere does this process stop? I It was then that there appeared, pro­ In point of fact, he has just left the videntially, an illiterate rag-picker, the Santf where he enjoyed princely alien I Such a question in our age is j Lithuanian-Jewish Soviet citizen (as he 11 ions, after two years of gilt-edged LIVES SACRIFICED TO MILITARY then was) Joanovici, known as Monsieur captivity. Stateless, rejected and un ■naive. But from merely a practical Joseph—under the protection of his em­ desirable. Monsieur Joseph will be, by Tpoint of view it is not irrelevant. bassy. For three years he bought ex­ special favour, authorised to honour ■The speed-up in the mines has in-| ETIQUETTE IN KOREA plosives and arms from the resistance French territory with his presence—and as old iron, and sold them in Tact to has been assigned to the district of I'crensed the dust that kills by sili-l /T ,HE current “peace” negotiations in factuality—there never has been a time the Wehrmacht at an honest profit. His Loz6re, where the climate has been cosis. Speed and safety are seldom! Korea would be grimly humorous discretion and his generosity brought recommended to him as particularly were it not for the fact that the lives of in history when the generals really •fully compatible. Everyone knowsl wanted to end a war so long as there him solid friendships in both camps, and salubrious. men,. 'women and children are involved. was any possibility whatever to continue a fortune estimated at more than a Has the illiterate Joano learnt to write ftfiat piece-workers remove the safe-1 The sad truth is that the posturing and it. There never has been a time when thousand million Ptftain francs (almost [in- prison? Or did he merely dictate the ■ guards which slow up work and so! palavering of the military popinjays on they did not strut, posture, and spew ten thousand million francs in to-day's message—at the same time menacing and both sides must be paid for in human forth belligerent bombast as long as currency). He made use of various Itearful—which he had addressed to S' decrease the wage-packet; that lives. Each hour that passes without they could induce a single soldier to police forces—and his own personal public opinion? Everyone in France | piece-work is itself simply a demand a cease-fire means more useless blood­ shoulder a rifle and go to the front. police—to liquidate those who stood in knows that the regime is trembling from shed and destruction, and if the cost was There never has been a time when they way, or who engaged “illicitly” in top to bottom, in case this old-iron mil­ ■ for speed. In “Modern Times”, only a single life or a single Korean actually wanted the shooting to stop, his own occupation. In exchange, he lionaire should publish his “memoirs” I Charlie Chaplin set the production worker’s home destroyed, it would not be except on those occasions when things Tendered services” to them all in every or have them published for him. All worth it. !• belt in a comical, a ludicrous per- were so bad that they felt there might •vay, and kept an open table of Roman the parties are in the hands of this man. The touch of dignity of the big brass be grave personal danger in continuing. magnificence in a time of scarcity. fThat, no doubt is the secret of hit good ■ spective. But his satire was directed now carrying on the “negptiations” points up not only the fact that they The generals in Korea on both sides When the liberation of Paris was ap­ luck. I at the age of speed. Where does the have the mentality of spoiled children, are faithfully following the stereotyped proaching. the Surete Nationale and the May God keep him with us for a long [ continuous acceleration stop? but also the more significant and sinister pattern! They are reiterating emphatic­ Police Judiciaire of the capital, who had jiime-r-the man of the century, the truth that these gentry are extremely ally, as all generals have at all previous until then been completely * collabora­ symbol of our epoch, and of the institu­ times, their love of peace, while at the tionist”, found the means of “saving tions which govern us! But speed is not confined to in­ reluctant to stop plying their trade under their .honour”. The only way for the| any circumstances. same time they are doing everything they A.P. dustrial processes. Its desirability The spectacle of the generals of both can to keep the war going. With them, is not questioned 'in every walk of I sides breaking off the “peace” negotia­ when the shooting stops, it is a case of life. The Red Indian children who tions in a huff because they fancied “Othello's occupation gone,” and it confounded the intelligence testers themselves insulted in some manner, or doesn’t take a particularly perspicacious Foreign Commentary at least not accorded the respect they person to see it. simply taking their time over the thought proper, may look to some like And with it all they cannot help but problems set them instead of com­ commendable zeal and military dignity, reveal the meagre quality of their minds. peting for who could do them in the and it certainly has been played up as Their dominant characteristic is vanity; THE KOREAN TRAGEDY shortest time (Freedom , 25/8/51) such in the press reports. and running vanity a close second is But to those who can think objectively bloodthirstiness. It is a sad day for any BY Continued from p. 1 this the conditions of permanent semi- exposed the unconscious attitudes of about the matter at all it will appear nation when it begins to put its trust for Korean reconstruction, a fraction of starvation in which millions of Indians civilisation. One must save time! for what it is—strutting antics based in the military. By and large, they are the sum the United States has given and Africans live those few years be­ But for what? Why must one upon a basic desire to continue the as stupid, as irfiwarrantedly egotistical Europe for the purpose of building up tween birth and death, and the millions hurry? It is not difficult to see that senseless slaughter. and as crassly brutal a lot as can be its armies, and irony of ironies. who actually die of starvation or One statement can be made with found. UNESCO have voted 5100,000 (about disease—when one faces up to these we are hurrying away from some­ complete confidence in its absolute £34,000) for educational reconstruction terrible realities, how bogus does ail the thing. from life itself. For in our It should be born in‘ mind, too, that “with authorisation for a large over­ fine talk about democracy and freedom age of anxiety scientists ponder the they are always ready to shoot down un­ draft”. It will certainly have to be a sound coming from well-fed successful armed strikers, “subversives,” and non­ large overdraft if anything effective is intellectuals comfortably installed in practicability of space-travel but PASSPORT REFUSED conformists at the drop of a hat. They to be done? According to UNESCO, their centrally heated apartments, with almost no one is happy. A feverish don't even have the virtue of desiring one-fifth of the school buildings have all the Iklest gadgets within reach). For When Mr. Ali Naidoo, stated to be a a good contest, but much prefer to concern for haste serves to divert us leading member of the Indian com­ been destroyed and the remainder much them, obviously, there is a difference be- butcher in droves an “enemy” which is damaged by military use. The Com­ tweeen Stalinism and the American way from the sense of emptiness in life. munity in South Africa, was prosecuted not equipped to fight on anything like in London last week for stowing away munists are alleged to have destroyed of life. It is worth fighting and dying Millions of people all over the a ship bound from Durban for even terms. as far as possible existing text books for—especially when one is over mili­ Britain, the defending solicitor said that If the negotiations for peace in Korea (which may have been a good thing) tary age or a general in the army for world lack the bare necessities of Mr. Naidoo had been asked to act as were in the hands of those who actually while the Library of the National Uni­ psychological warfare; when one's gun life, but we have no tone to con­ an adviser before the United Nations on have to suffer from the war, it is a versity has suffered irreparable losses is the microphone and the ether one’s sider such problems. Unhappiness the conditions of Indians in South certainty that they would not be delayed since soldiers were quartered in it and battlefield. is almost universal, but we can’t Africa. When he returned to South a second by peacock swaggering and ill- used books and archives as fuel to keep Africa his passport was taken away from founded demands for formal respect. themselves warm. And 60 per cent, of To those hungry millions, to those stop now to consider that, we must him and he was told that if he wished These vicious and little-minded charac­ the teachers are reported to have been homeless and destitute refugees, they are hurry qh \,\, to leave the country again he would have ters think that homage to them and killed or carried off so that in the meaningless phrases as insulting to their to make application for the passport. military etiquette is more important than primary schools only about a quarter of intelligence and dignity as human beings But mankind’s vision of the When application was made, both he the lives of useful men and women, and the required staff is now available. as that remark made to fellow sufferers Golden Age has always ■ pictured and his wife were refused their pass­ the sooner they are totally removed from Sr in days gone by, that if they hadn't bread ports. they could eat cake. But the author leisure and ease and quietness. the scene the better it .will be for the HEN one faces up to the conditions Meanwhile, vwe live in the Age of We learn from South African visitors really productive and useful members of of those words lost her head 1 that this case is by no means exceptional. mankind throughout the world. W under which millions of people are Ljb sr ta r m n . Speed, the Age of Anxiety, —Industrial Worker (Chicago). existing to-day in Korean, and add to 4 A n a r c h is t Summer School 1951 ---- LETTERS TO THE Er>■ » Wfr* 1 BP0 M 'T'HE Anarchist .Summer School countered the arguments which the workers, and how the ruling WORKERS^ MILITIAS - for 1951 (the sixth) was held at many comrades are putting forward class depended on them for all their Glasgow over the weekend of in favour of emigration. power. AS an anarchist (and therefore pacifist) P h ilip Sansom repIi^S August 25-26. Some forty com­ ** I should like to add my criticisms I wonder how much pro£ of Philip Sansom’s . support of workers’ rades from various parts of the The audience were appreciative field or human activtty-^w ^j11, ^ On Sunday afternoon, Jimmy militias to those of M. A. of Minneapolis. been made if progressive and advanced country attended the lectures on the Raeside was to have spoken, but and enthusiastic, and the meeting The suggestion of the use of workers' thinkers had always waited to ’ebayj^., was a very encouraging ending to Saturday afternoon and Sunday, and was prevented from doing so by militias must have behind it the idea of even the most reactionary before putting, on Sunday evening a large meeting the week-end; defeating by force people who do not their ideas into operation? family matters, so Philip Sansom led want to be subjected to the principles was held in the Central Halls. Surely the point about workers’ militia 4 V* a discussion on "Anarchism To­ On Monday, several comrades and beliefs of those who constitute these is that they are formed to prevent day,” He mentioned how the end workers’ militias. A workers’ militia can­ one from imposing, his will by force. Eddie Shaw spoke on Saturday went to spend a week amid the not be formed by people other than But if we accept the pacifist argument, afternoon, on "Anarchism and the of the war in 1945 had seen a re- Scottish Lochs, at Garelochhead. those who wish to force their ideas upon then even occupying the factories peace-; Ego.” "We’ve got Z-men, G-men, emergence of Anarchist movements The weather throughout the week­ others. ably is “imposing our win”. We must Frog-men and Yes-men,” said Eddie. in the countries which had suffered end was not too good, but the com­ Philip Sansom suggests that at the patiently explain to our bosses' how they dictatorship and occupation, and time the workers take over the factories, are exploiting us (as if they don’t know “What we now want is some Own- radeship and hospitality of the there may be soldiers who will remain already!) and then, wait for them/ men.” And he went on to expound, discussed the work done by non­Glasgow comrades more than com­ “True to the colours” and endeavour to conscience-stricken, ’ to in'viti us to tak^' with his usual wit and good humour, anarchists in other fields which pensated for that, and once again expel the. workers from these factories. over-. This will ensure that we are always- This means that there may be people (the the egoism of Max Stirner—or backed up the Anarchist case. in the “right” morally—but will alwaysj our Summer School proved stimu­soldiers) who believe that they will remain dominated by the Will of others^ rather, the egoism of Eddie Shaw. lating and a valuable event in the benefit by removing the workers from I did not try to prove that workeisp On Sunday evening, an audience- life of the movement in Britain. the factories, even be it that they are militias are the most, effective prgaxfis£3^ On Sunday morning, Tony Gib­ of about 300 workers attended a short-sighted enough to believe that the tipfis for waging war. I trii^^>JshC^9 son spoke on “Anarchism and Re­ public meeting in the Central Halls, pay they receive is sufficient benefit. -that they are effective means f6rNd efep i^ sistance to War.” He discussed the Jane Strachan took the chair and Anarchism cannot be forced upon ing a social revolution from reacfiqgg people. Anarchism imposed is not anar­ violence. The only. pacifist' defehbsj role Britain was playing at the introduced John Gaffney, Philip chism at all but despotism—neither can . sweet reason, but it .is s u rb ly 'ijt^ ^ moment, and the means by which Sansom and Eddie Shaw, who all anarchism exist where there are people 'he who serves the State has-'throWn^ the individual could avoid the fate forcefully rammed home the Anar­ A PENNY A LIFE SAVED prepared to use force to replace anar­ his reason, and although I haye^Jg which the lunacy of the politicians chist point of view on current affairs. chism by a system alien to it. Anarchism confidence in my ability to deba chism, I don’t fancy my chances| was preparing for us all. He also They all stressed the importance of The sum of two guineas was awarded cannot exist until even the capitalist at Grantham yesterday to Driver E. realises that the System by which hea Fascist, of Communist or Walton (64), of Robertson Road, Gran-,, imagines he benefits, is the factor which servile or patriotic tool, of the StaJ tham, who Was driving the Heart of prevents him from being free! •coming at me with a bayonet.. Midlothian, Edinburgh-to-Kings Cross Despite P.S.’s arguments to prove that Neither have I tried to proves express, on July 5th. Near Peterborough workers* militias (decentralised mobile workers’ militias would brings Rewards of Labour the train, with five hundred passengers forces) are the most efficient organisa­ anarchism. The social revolddon; ia was negotiating a curve at 50 m.p.h. tions for waging war, never in history ^social reconstruction, and. .as-ffag S3C Continued from p. 2 under a bridge with the signals in its have they brought about Anarchism. am concerned anybody who does I favour, when the crew saw a fish train The supposed need of workers’ militias want to join in is perfectly free; tejf hours and say that his produce is worth ahead on the same line. By prompt indicate^/ that the time is not ripe for his own way—a$ individualist; pea& 4. Rewards & Status exactly twice as much as the produce of action Mr. Walton stopped the express anarchism. Workers’ militias must use 1 Were able to; do - in * $gaw wh?wg one hour's work from another individual, with a little more than a dozen yards to force or they - are not militias—to use majority were eollectivisingx. thd| In an article in the architectural and reward each proportionately. To do spare. fo^ce is to impose one’s will—to impose But will the remnants of authority* students’ journal Plan (No. S, 1950). an this would be to ignore all that is com­ Manchester Guardian, 25/8/51. one’s will is not anarchism. Workers’ us to go our own way? Not until- anthropologist, Bill Watson, reports on a plex in the industry, the agriculture, the militias must wield power to be effective . are all persuaded, says Mr. Wheelej| two-year study of a Scottish mining entire life of society as it is; it would That amounts to a penny per pas­ as militias, and' power corrupts. . . . surely persuasion is a form of impel community, of which he says: be to ignore the extent to which all senger. Anarchism can never be brought about y o u r “The most ‘intelligent’, that is socially individual work is the outcome of the If- this is the kind of treatment they by force. Only by the enlightenment of And like this- the argument couja? ambitious, families now send their sons former and present labours of society can expect, no wonder the staff are dis­ people, all people, will mankind be free. on for ever—and so. would your jc§ and daughters into non-mining activities, as a whole. It would be to fancy oneself contented and inclined to leave; the Hoddesden, Jft&tis* , R. Wheeler. persuading' the capitalists! and the pits are getting the indifferent in the Stone Age, when we are living railways. and unambitious residue . . . In fact, in the Age of Steel. In view o f, the responsibility they bear, there has grown up a carefully graded drivers are poorly paid at best. But that scale of job-desirability which is now “Go into a coal mine and seesthe man is no, excuse for treating them like universally accepted among the people — stationed at the huge machine thaf\hoi$ts children who get a* penny for being goodi At the lower end- of this scale is casual V and lowers the cage. In his hands he A putty medal would be better than a Re-Reading David Copperfleid labour, at the.other end such occupations holds a lever whereby to check or reverse pittance when rewards are called for. At npHE life story of David Copperfield* infidel about it and shall neve|| as teaching and medicine. Mining is not thie action of the machinery. He lowers least it would not mark down merit. which has intimate relation to that converted.” very far from the bottom of this scale the handle, and in a second the cage News Chronicle, 25/8/51. of the author himself, is now running (2) “Having some foundation for^tfi*1 in spile of the present high wages that changes the direction of its giddy rush as a Serial on' the radio. This has en­ fieving by this time that nature can be earned by a minority of miners. up or down the shaft. His eyes are ticed me to take up tfie book once more accident had made me an author, I pur For together with the scale of job- attentively fixed upon an indicator in to renew my earlier acquaintance With sued my vocation with confidence . desirability goes the notion of status, and front of him which shows exactly the its intertwined humorous and tragic I had been writing in the newspaper 0 although people believe that high status point the cage has reached; no sooner events. The following illuminating pas­ ; elsewhere so prosperously that when myj confers material rewards, it does not fol­ does it touch the given level than at his FREEDOM PRESS sages are to be found respectively in new success was achieved I -oonsiderj^ low that plenty of money gives you high gentlest pressure it stops dead short, not ERRICO MALATESTA : Chapters 43 and 48: myself reasonably entitled to escajja status. This is a most important dis­ a foot above or below the required (1) “Once again, let me pause upon a from the dreary debates. One joyful! tinction. For example, many school place. And scarcely are the full .trucks Airidrchyf^ir^ ' . Vote—What memorable period of my Iife^ Let me night, therefore, I noted down the musid teachers at present earn much less than discharged or the empties loaded before, island • aside to see; the phantoms of o f the parliamentary bagpipes for thef the highest-paid among the miners. But at a touch to the handle, the cage is M. BAKUNIN 1 those days go by me, accompanying the last time, and I have neyer heard because the teacher has high status and again swinging up or down the shaft. Marxism, Freedom and the . Statei shadow of myself in dim procession . . . since, though I still ' Jecognise the old] the miner low, teachers feel extremely paper cloth 5s. I have come legally to man’s estate. I bitter about this seemingly contradictory “For "eight or ten hours at a time he drone in the newspapers, without any| thus concentrates his attention. Let his HERBERT READ = I have attained the dignity of twenty-one.- substantial variation (except, perhap&j difference in wages. And in reverse, the Art and the Evolution of Man. 4s. I have tamed that savage stenographic miner refuses to believe that anyone with brain relax but for an instant, and the that there is more of it) all the livelong.^ cage would fly up and shatter the wheels, Existentialism, Marxism and Anar-l mystery. I make a respectable, income by session.^^ a higher-status job than his own can I; chism. 3s. 6d. it, and I am joined by eleven others in have poorer circumstances than himself. break the rope, crush the men, bring all the work of the mine to a standstill. Poetry and Anarchism. reporting the debates in Parliament for “Miner and teacher, shop-assistant and Let him lose three seconds upon each cloth 5s„ paper 2s. 6d. a morning newspaper. Night after night, factory worker, clerk and steel-worker, reverse of the lever and, in a mine with The Philosophy of Anarchism.; I record predictions that never coffie to all live in identical houses; their children all the modern improvements, the out­ boards 2s. 6d„ paper Is. pass, professions that are never Infilled, attend the same schools; their wives buy The Education Of Free' Aden. . $S;| explanations that are only meant put will be reduced by from twenty to M E E T I N C S A N D in the same shops. But behind this fifty tons a .day. ALEX COMFORT : mystify. I wallow in words*. Britahnia> egalitarian facade is a never-ending Barbarism & Sexual Freedom. that unfortunate female, i&f always before; A N N DUNCE M E N TS struggle for status, as intense as ever . . . “Is it he who renders the greatest paper 2s. 6d., stiff boards 3s. 6d. me like a trussed fowl, skewered through No daughter of a status-seeking miner service in the mine? Or is it, perhaps, RUDOLF ROCKER : and through with office pens and hound works in a factory, although as a clerk the boy who rings from below the signal Nationalism and Culture. hand and foot with red tape. I am stir LONDON ANARCHIST she earns 25/- a week while the factory for the mounting of the cage? Or is it cloth 21s. ficiently behind the scenes .to know tfe- GROUP girl earns £2/10/0. And no miner’s son the miner who risks bis life every ALEXANDER BERKMAN : worth of political lie. I am quite- who has reached the fourth year of moment in the depths of the mine and . ABC^^^artdu^^X secondary education will work in the pit will endvone day by being killed by fire­ \ . Every Sunday at 2.Zb p.m.. except as a surveyor or tradesman, or in damp? Or, again, the engineer, who PETER KROPOTKIN :fp the office as a clerk. As the miners in would lose the coal seam and set men The State : Jis Historic Role. Is, WHITE SUITS & D.D.T. NORTH-EASTVS^fJDOSj Haven have narrowed the material differ­ hewing bare rock? Or, finally, is it the The *:: 3dJ DISCUSSION MEETINGS: ence between themselves and what are owner who has put all his patrimony into Revolutionary Qovefnmenu 3d. /T*HE appearance in London the called the middle-classes, they have taken the concern, and who perhaps has said, Organised Vengeance Called Justice, " new Ealing S*tu^(^; film over the middle-class ethic." in opposition to all previous anticipa­ in the' ab^ut the troubles^ of Priddy i l i i a man who invented %. clothing fabric tions : “Dig there, you wifi find excellent JOHN HEWETSON : THE A ^ ^ O F ' which would not stain or wear out, re­ coal"? lll-Beaith, Poverty and the State- Enquiries c/o Freedom; Press ■ 5 , No Rewards but cloth •?§,• 6d,> pap$r Is. minds me of the way in which D.D.T., "All the workers engaged in the mine Italy ^After; M#s$blini. $d. the insecticide, was kept from production SOUTH LONDON contribute to the raising of coal *n pro- Human Rights M. L. BERNERI | until the needs of war over-rided the Meetings suspended for the time being* portion to their strength, their energy, Workers in ^dlV^V Russia. 1& interests of %e insecticide makers^ just Readers; interested in possible future Peter Kropotkin in his essay on The their knowledge, their intelligence and as zip-fasteners though invented years activities, please contact S. E. Parker ?.V Wage System , first published in book their skill. And we can say that all have GEORGE ’ befojce Were., not manufactured until form as a chapter in The Conquest of the right to live, to satisfy their needs, A - X wanted for ammunition pouches in the Bread (1888), says: and even gratify their whims, after the New L ife iq the < 6$. First World War. The story of D.D.T. GLASGOW more imperious needs of everyone are Railways and Society. /*■&»,, was told by Edwin Kemp, farm editor OUTDOOR “Service rendered to society, be it satisfied. But how can we value exactly Homes or Hovels! <5d. of the Philadelphia Record in an article MAXWELL v. labour in factory or field, or moral ser­ what they have each done? What is Anarchism! Id. in. that paper in 1945, He told how Every Sunday at 7 p.m. vice, cannot be valued in monetary The Basis of Communal LiVihgi is, D.D.T. was discovered in 1874 by a W ith John Gaffney, Frank Leech, units. There cannot be an exact mea­ "Further, is the coal, that they have WILLIAM GODWIN ? young German chemist, Othmar Zeidlar, Jimmy Raeside, Eddie Shaw sure of its value, either of what has been extracted entirely the result o f jfaeir Selections from Political Justice* 3d. but was deliberately withheld from improperly called its -value in exchange* work? Is it not also the outcome of the general use because if would have killed or of its value in use. If we see two work, of the men who constructed the On la w , id. F. A. RIDLEY i the market for other less effective, individuals, both working for years, for railway leading to the mine, and the agencies which must be used several five hours daily* for the community, at roads branching off on all sides from The Roman Catholic Church and F R E E D | H the Modem A ge* -554, times-daily instead of twice yearly. two different occupations equally pleasing the stations? And what of the work of “The reason why D.D.T. was not used T ho - Anarchist WR«kly to them, wc can say that, taken all in those who have tilled and sown the fields • '# • .. is simple. It wouldn’t have paid the Post*! Subscription Rates all, their labours are roughly equivalent. which supply the miners With food, people who decide the economic policies 12 months 17/- (U.SA. $3.00) But their work could not be broken up smelted the iron, cut the wood in the Marie Louise Bcracri Memorial.. Commitcc publication* : of the nation. As for the people them- 6 months 8/8 (U.SA. $f .50) into fractions, so that the product of forest, made the machines which wifi I 3 months 4/6 (U.SA. $0.75) ' each day, each hour or each minute of consume the coal, and so on? Marie Louise Berneri, 1918-1949: seives, it Would have saved both property the labour o f one should be worth the A Tribute* cloth 5s. and life and opened the way for general Special Subscription Retes for 2 copiee produce of each minute and each hour "No hard and fast line can be drawn Journey Through Utopia. advances in the level of living. I 12 montKy of that of the other. between the work of one and the work cloth 16s. (U.S.A* $2.50) “That many people sickened and died 6 month* 13/6 (U.SA. $225) of another. To measure them by results by failure to use D.D.T. against disease- “Broadly speaking, we can say'that a leads to absurdity. To divide them intO^ carrying insects is. revealed w a /c Pay—, dnd addrMMd to th« publUfeMt, man who during his whole life deprives fractions and measure them by hours of K. J. KENAFICK : tha the UCS.;:Army used D D,T- §1^ ^ ^ ^ himself of leisure for ten hours daily has labour leads to absurdity also. One Michael Bakunin and Kepi Marx* fully to put down typhus and; materia given much more to society than he who course remains: not to measure them at Paper 6s. shortly after the NorthAfrica11 ; 27 Red has deprived himself of hut five hours all, but to recognise the right of all who 17, Red Lion Street, . 'Who knows what other London, W.C. 1 England % day, or has not deprived himself of take part ip pj^dfictive labour first pf all veniions and dtscoveries are being with' any leisure at all. But we cannot take then to enjoy the comforts London, W.C.I. held from ; d H one man has done during any two of life. * Printed ^ Lo»d«,. ^ ^ L-utoo, W.C.I.