DOCSLIB.ORG

Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations Table of Contents CHEN TUAN: DISCUSSIONS AND TRANSLATIONS.....................................................1 Discussion 1 The Immortal and his Legend...........................................................................3 Saints and Saints−Legends.............................................................................................4 Sage, Immortal, Founder, Patriarch...............................................................................5 Chen Tuan in Song Sources...........................................................................................7 Later Legend Lineages.................................................................................................13 Integrating the Strands.................................................................................................15 Discussion Two Physiognomy and Legitimation.................................................................19 Practical Application....................................................................................................21 Chen Tuan in Physiognomic Texts..............................................................................24 Traditional Textbooks..................................................................................................26 Chen Tuan’s Authorship..............................................................................................28 Physiognomic Theory..................................................................................................29 Bone Structure and Complexion..................................................................................32 The Voice and the Eyes................................................................................................33 Discussion Three The Official Face of Chen Tuan.............................................................36 The Myth of the Imperial Adviser................................................................................37 Chen Tuan and the Imperial Court...............................................................................40 Historical Encounters...................................................................................................43 Later Evaluations and Embellishments........................................................................46 The “Record of Master Xiyi of the Great Hua”...........................................................49 Translation One Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian 47.1a−14b................................................60 Origins and Youth[1]...................................................................................................60 Early Involvement with the Imperial Court.................................................................60 Spiritual Development..................................................................................................61 With Zhou Shizong......................................................................................................63 The Beginning of the Song Dynasty............................................................................63 With Song Taizong.......................................................................................................64 Imperial Messengers....................................................................................................67 Feats of Prognostication...............................................................................................68 Sleep]............................................................................................................................72 Transformation and Ultimate Return...........................................................................80 Postscript......................................................................................................................82 Translation Two Taihua xiyi zhi, ch. 1.................................................................................91 i Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations Table of Contents Translation Three Fengjian[1]............................................................................................108 1. Definitions of Main Terms.....................................................................................108 2. Physical Appearance According to the Five PHASES..........................................108 3. Types of Bodies According to Animal Morphology..............................................109 ....................................................................................................................................1114. The Appearance of the Wood−type.......................................................................110 5. Impure or Mixed Types..........................................................................................111 6. Mixtures According to the Dynamics of Phases....................................................112 7. Spirit as Deep or Shallow.......................................................................................112 8. Energy as Pure or Turbid.......................................................................................113 9. Complexion as Full or Transparent........................................................................114 10. Complexion as Young or Old...............................................................................114 11. Physical Form and Spirit in Terms of Surplus and Deficiency[17].....................114 12. Interaction Patterns of the Various Constituents..................................................115 13. Thin Appearance..................................................................................................115 14. Signs of Long Life................................................................................................116 15. The Importance of the Mind.................................................................................117 16. Obstruction...........................................................................................................117 17. Yin and Yang.......................................................................................................118 18. Noble and Humble...............................................................................................118 Translation Four Mayi daozhe zhengyi xinfa....................................................................125 Translation Five Yin Zhenjun huandan gezhu (DZ 134, fasc. 59)...................................133 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................145 PRIMARY SOURCES ON CHEN TUAN................................................................145 SECONDARY STUDIES .........................................................................................153 ii CHEN TUAN: DISCUSSIONS AND TRANSLATIONS © Livia Kohn 2001 This collection of three essays and five translations on the Song Daoist saint and immortal Chen Tuan goes back to work done over about a decade, from 1978 to 1990. It began with my dissertation (Leben und Legende des Chen Tuan, 1981), which focused on questions of legend development and the problem of what “immortality” meant as a religious ideal in the Song dynasty. Later I supplemented this work with materials on Chen Tuan as a physiognomist. I’d been aware of this role of his while writing my dissertation but could only access it when I went to Taiwan later. There I picked up the physiognomic handbook Shenxian quanbian, both in a Ming−dynasty manuscript (from the National Library) and in a modern paperback reprint. I then wrote about both this book and the Fengjian, a physiognomic manual closely linked with Chen Tuan, in articles which were published in Asian Folklore Studies (1986, 1988) Following this, I prepared a volume for Taoist Resources (2.1) on Chen Tuan, scheduled to coincide with the thousandth anniversary of his “immortal transformation” in 989. It contains an English summary of the results of my dissertation on legend development and a translation of his official Songshi biography, as well as Li Yuanguo’s study of Chen Tuan as an Yijing philosopher, Terry Russell’s examination of Chen Tuan in Japan, and Teri Takehiro’s translation of a Ming work on inner alchemical soul−travels known as “sleep.” Working along, I wrote various presentations and made translations of materials that never were integrated into any published work. These materials I would now like to make accessible in digital form on e−Dao. They consist of three discussions and five translations. The three discussions summarize my dissertation in English and present materials discussed in the article on Chen Tuan as physiognomist. They are not mere reprints, although they pick up the same materials, but add additional reflections and integrate more recent studies into the discussion. They are especially useful for students who wish to know about Chen Tuan’s legends and his role at the Song court but do not read German. The five translations have, for the most part, not been published previously. The first is the complete and amply annotated rendition of Chen Tuan’s life according to the Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian, a key source for the dissertation, but not translated there. The second is the literary rendition of Chen Tuan’s vita in the Taihua xiyi zhi, which is translated into German as an appendix of the dissertation. The third, the physiognomic treatise Fengjian, appears
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923-936) and Later Jin (936-947) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh- Century Sources
    Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923-936) and Later Jin (936-947) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh- century Sources Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München vorgelegt von Maddalena Barenghi Aus Mailand 2014 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans van Ess Zweitgutachter: Prof. Tiziana Lippiello Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 31.03.2014 ABSTRACT Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923-36) and Later Jin (936-47) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh-century Sources Maddalena Barenghi This thesis deals with historical narratives of two of the Northern regimes of the tenth-century Five Dynasties period. By focusing on the history writing project commissioned by the Later Tang (923-936) court, it first aims at questioning how early-tenth-century contemporaries narrated some of the major events as they unfolded after the fall of the Tang (618-907). Second, it shows how both late- tenth-century historiographical agencies and eleventh-century historians perceived and enhanced these historical narratives. Through an analysis of selected cases the thesis attempts to show how, using the same source material, later historians enhanced early-tenth-century narratives in order to tell different stories. The five cases examined offer fertile ground for inquiry into how the different sources dealt with narratives on the rise and fall of the Shatuo Later Tang and Later Jin (936- 947). It will be argued that divergent narrative details are employed both to depict in different ways the characters involved and to establish hierarchies among the historical agents. Table of Contents List of Rulers ............................................................................................................ ii Aknowledgements ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Models of Daoist Practice and Attainment
    Models of Daoist practice and attainment here are a variety of outdated interpretative frameworks for understanding the Treligious tradition which is Daoism. The most ubiquitous is the bifurcation of Daoism into so-called “philosophical Daoism” and so-called “religious Daoism,” including the inaccurate claim that the former is “pure” or “original” Daoism. Daoism was a religious community from the beginning, here dated to the Warring States period (480–222 BCE). A second, and perhaps equally problematic, view claims that Daoism originates with Zhang Daoling 張道陵 (fl. 140s) and the Tianshi天師 (Celestial Masters) movement. While the Celestial Masters do represent one of the earliest forms of organized Daoism, many later Daoist religious communities (e.g., Quanzhen 全真 [Complete Perfection]) gave little recognition to its importance. One alternative interpretative approach involves understanding the diverse models of Daoist practice and attainment. In combination with historical periodization, this approach provides a means by which to appreciate the complexity and diversity of the Daoist tradition, including possible continuities and departures, divergences and convergences among different Daoist adherents and communities. While it may seem self-evident that “realization of the Dao” or “attunement with the Way” is both the origin and culmination of a Daoist training regimen, one cannot deny that Daoists have developed and advocated different and perhaps competing models for such realization or attunement. In terms of traditional models of Daoist praxis, one may identify at least the following: (1) quietistic; (2) ritualistic; (3) cosmo- logical; (4) exorcistic; (5) behavioral/ethical; (6) mediumistic/shamanic; (7) dietetical; (8) ascetical; (9) literary/artistic; (10) alchemical; (11) meditative; (12) hermeneutical; (13) medical; (14) mystical; and (15) syncretistic.
    [Show full text]
  • Silk Road Fashion, China. the City and a Gate, the Pass and a Road – Four Components That Make Luoyang the Capital of the Silk Roads Between 1St and 7Th Century AD
    https://publications.dainst.org iDAI.publications ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Dies ist ein digitaler Sonderdruck des Beitrags / This is a digital offprint of the article Patrick Wertmann Silk Road Fashion, China. The City and a Gate, the Pass and a Road – Four components that make Luoyang the capital of the Silk Roads between 1st and 7th century AD. The year 2018 aus / from e-Forschungsberichte Ausgabe / Issue Seite / Page 19–37 https://publications.dainst.org/journals/efb/2178/6591 • urn:nbn:de:0048-dai-edai-f.2019-0-2178 Verantwortliche Redaktion / Publishing editor Redaktion e-Jahresberichte und e-Forschungsberichte | Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Weitere Informationen unter / For further information see https://publications.dainst.org/journals/efb ISSN der Online-Ausgabe / ISSN of the online edition ISSN der gedruckten Ausgabe / ISSN of the printed edition Redaktion und Satz / Annika Busching ([email protected]) Gestalterisches Konzept: Hawemann & Mosch Länderkarten: © 2017 www.mapbox.com ©2019 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Zentrale, Podbielskiallee 69–71, 14195 Berlin, Tel: +49 30 187711-0 Email: [email protected] / Web: dainst.org Nutzungsbedingungen: Die e-Forschungsberichte 2019-0 des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts stehen unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz Namensnennung – Nicht kommerziell – Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International. Um eine Kopie dieser Lizenz zu sehen, besuchen Sie bitte http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
    [Show full text]
  • The Forum and the Formula
    Deloitte China Research and Insight Centre March 2012, Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2012 Measuring Value® China and Asia - The Forum and the Formula As the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference (BFA AC) enters its second decade, the discussion and potential of Asia as an integrated economic region also are entering a new stage. While intra-Asian trade has grown at an accelerating rate since the global financial crisis and several aspects of integration have proceeded smoothly, the more developed trading blocs in the world, notably North America and the European Union, have confronted many challenges in sustaining growth and balance among their member nations. As a result, at the BFA AC and other important international gatherings of government, business, and academic leaders, it has become a commonplace to refer to Asia as the world’s engine of recovery from the crisis and the epicenter of future growth. But the discussion of Asia’s regional integration has not really encompassed the challenges now being faced by other trading and common currency blocs. For example, the currencies that facilitate regional value chain integration in the developed regions of the world, primarily the US dollar and Euro, have linked together economies, like the US and Mexico or Germany and Greece, in complex and often politically challenging ways. The complex workings of regional integration are beyond the scope of this brief paper, but our goal is to look at the characteristics of Asian economic integration and identify characteristics and some ways in which the process differs from other parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Daoist Tradition Also Available from Bloomsbury
    The Daoist Tradition Also available from Bloomsbury Chinese Religion, Xinzhong Yao and Yanxia Zhao Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed, Yong Huang The Daoist Tradition An Introduction LOUIS KOMJATHY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 175 Fifth Avenue London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10010 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Louis Komjathy, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Louis Komjathy has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. Permissions Cover: Kate Townsend Ch. 10: Chart 10: Livia Kohn Ch. 11: Chart 11: Harold Roth Ch. 13: Fig. 20: Michael Saso Ch. 15: Fig. 22: Wu’s Healing Art Ch. 16: Fig. 25: British Taoist Association British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781472508942 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Komjathy, Louis, 1971- The Daoist tradition : an introduction / Louis Komjathy. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-1669-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-6873-3 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-9645-3 (epub) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Strategic Modernization: Implications for the United States
    CHINA’S STRATEGIC MODERNIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES Mark A. Stokes September 1999 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications and Production Office by calling commercial (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Selected 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://carlisle-www.army. mil/usassi/welcome.htm ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-004-4 ii CONTENTS Foreword .......................................v 1. Introduction ...................................1 2. Foundations of Strategic Modernization ............5 3. China’s Quest for Information Dominance ......... 25 4.
    [Show full text]
  • A Failed Peripheral Hegemonic State with a Limited Mandate of Heaven: Politico-Historical Reflections of a ∗ Survivor of the Southern Tang
    DOI: 10.6503/THJCS.201806_48(2).0002 A Failed Peripheral Hegemonic State with a Limited Mandate of Heaven: Politico-Historical Reflections of a ∗ Survivor of the Southern Tang Li Cho-ying∗∗ Institute of History National Tsing Hua University ABSTRACT This article focuses on the concepts the Diaoji litan 釣磯立談 author, a survivor of the Southern Tang, developed to understand the history of the kingdom. It discusses his historical discourse and shows that one of its purposes was to secure a legitimate place in history for the Southern Tang. The author developed a crucial concept, the “peripheral hegemonic state” 偏霸, to comprehend its history. This concept contains an idea of a limited mandate of heaven, a geopolitical analysis of the Southern Tang situation, and a plan for the kingdom to compete with its rivals for the supreme political authority over all under heaven. With this concept, the Diaoji author implicitly disputes official historiography’s demeaning characterization of the Southern Tang as “pseudo” 偽, and founded upon “usurpation” 僭 and “thievery” 竊. He condemns the second ruler, Li Jing 李璟 (r. 943-961) and several ministers for abandoning the first ruler Li Bian’s 李 (r. 937-943) plan, thereby leading the kingdom astray. The work also stresses the need to recruit authentic Confucians to administer the government. As such, this article argues that the Diaoji should be understood as a politico-historical book of the late tenth century. Key words: Southern Tang, survivor, Diaoji litan 釣磯立談, peripheral hegemonic state, mandate of heaven ∗ The author thanks Professors Charles Hartman, Liang Ken-yao 梁庚堯, and the two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Roots of Technical Communication in the Chinese Tradition
    The Historical Roots of Technical Communication in the Chinese Tradition The Historical Roots of Technical Communication in the Chinese Tradition By Daniel Ding The Historical Roots of Technical Communication in the Chinese Tradition By Daniel Ding This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Daniel Ding All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5782-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5782-6 To Karen Lo: My Lovely Wife and Supporter “Thy fruit abundant fall!” —Classic of Poetry TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One ................................................................................................ 1 Technical Writing in Chinese Antiquity: An Introduction Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 21 The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions (甲骨文): The Earliest Artifact of Technical Writing in China Chapter Three ........................................................................................... 37 Classic of Poetry (诗经): Technical Instructions and Reports Chapter Four ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prodigals in Love: Narrating Gay Identity and Collectivity on the Early Internet in China
    Prodigals in Love: Narrating Gay Identity and Collectivity on the Early Internet in China by Gang Pan A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Gang Pan 2015 Prodigals in Love: Narrating Gay Identity and Collectivity on the Early Internet in China Gang Pan Doctor of Philosophy Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto 2015 Abstract This dissertation concerns itself with the eruption of a large number of gay narratives on the Chinese internet in its first decade. There are two central arguments. First, the composing and sharing of narratives online played the role of a social movement that led to the formation of gay identity and collectivity in a society where open challenges to the authorities were minimal. Four factors, 1) the primacy of the internet, 2) the vernacular as an avenue of creativity and interpretation, 3) the transitional experience of the generation of the internet, and 4) the evolution of gay narratives, catalyzed by the internet, enhanced, amplified, and interacted with each other in a highly complicated and accelerated dynamic, engendered a virtual gay social movement. Second, many online gay narratives fall into what I term “prodigal romance,” which depicts gay love as parent-obligated sons in love with each other, weaving in violent conflicts between desire and duty in its indigenous context. The prodigal part of this model invokes the archetype of the Chinese prodigal, who can only return home having excelled and with the triumph of his journey.
    [Show full text]
  • South Asia and China's Belt and Road Initiative: Security Implications and Ways Forward
    10 SOUTH ASIA AND CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: SECURITY IMPLICATIONS AND WAYS FORWARD Anu Anwar Introduction In 2013, Chinese President and Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jin- ping initiated the One Belt One Road 一带一路 (yīdài yīlù) project, whose English name was quickly changed by China to the Belt and Road Initia- tive (BRI). It is primarily a Beijing-financed infrastructure project, which aims to bolster China’s connectivity through Central, South, and Southeast Asia, all the way into the Middle East, Africa, and Europe1. Xi contrast- ed this ambitious undertaking with the late Chinese “paramount leader” Deng Xiaoping’s “hide and bide” 韬光养晦，有所作为 (Tāo guāng yǎng huì, Yǒu suǒ zuò wéi) doctrine,2 which emphasized strengthening domes- tic capacities and avoiding external involvement. It is Xi’s signature foreign policy initiative aimed at transforming China into a global superpower. After the 19th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress, the BRI was enshrined in the party charter, and its offshoot, 人类命运共同 体（Rén lèi mìng yùn gòng tóng tǐ) “a community with a shared destiny OBOR or BRI “One Belt One Road” (一带一路) is still the name used in China and in the Chi- nese language, but China simplified the English translation of this name to the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI). While OBOR implied two routes, a maritime road through the Indian Ocean and a land belt across central Asia, in reality, there are multiple and growing interconnected global networks. In addition, the name BRI tries to counter the critical narrative that both routes go only to Beijing.
    [Show full text]
  • GEO Task US-09-01A: Critical Earth Observations Priorities
    GEO Task US-09-01a: Critical Earth Observations Priorities Human Health Societal Benefit Area: Infectious Disease User Interface Committee US-09-01a Task Lead: Lawrence Friedl, USA/NASA Infectious Disease Analyst: Pietro Ceccato, Columbia University 2010 GEO Task US-09-01a Study Participants The following people served as expert panelists in the ad hoc Advisory Group for the Human Health Infectious Diseases Societal Benefit Area (SBA) under the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Task US-09-01a. The advisory group supported the analyst by identifying source materials, reviewing analytic methodologies, assessing findings, and reviewing this report. Ulisses E.C. CONFALONIERI, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Brazil Stephen J. CONNOR, The International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA Pat DALE, Griffith University, Australia Joaquim DASILVA, World Health Organization, Regional Office of Africa, Zimbabwe Ruth DEFRIES, Columbia University, USA Gregory GLASS, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA John HAYNES, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Applied Sciences Program, USA Darby JACK, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA Isabelle JEANNE, International Consultant (from Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur/Institut Francilien des Sciences Appliquées), France Erick KHAMALA, Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development, Kenya Patrick KINNEY, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA Uriel KITRON, Emory University,
    [Show full text]