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Music- a Literary Social Science
International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(4), 28-30, April (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. Music- A Literary Social Science Shivadurga and Mehrotra Vivek English Department, Institute of Applied Science and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, UP, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 22 nd November 2012, revised 20 th December 2013, accepted 28 th February 2013 Abstract Music is the movement of sound to reach the soul for the education of its virtue.The study of music is a part of biology as the study of living organisms. Music exists because people create it, perform it and listen to it. The human brain is an information processing system. Music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy. Music is a super-stimulus to express the strong emotions about the internal mental state of the speaker. The musicality of speech is much more subtle than that of music, but it provides important information which the listener's brain processes in order to derive some information. This information is applied to modulate the listener's emotional response to speech, and this accounts for the emotional effect of music. The normal function of the cortical map that responds to consonant relationships between different notes occurring at the same time within harmonies and chords must be the perception of consonant relationships between pitch values occurring at different times within the same speech melody. There are at least five and possibly six symmetries of music like: Pitch translation invariance, Time translation invariance, Time scaling invariance, Amplitude scaling invariance, Octave translation invariance and Pitch reflection invariance. -
The Book Trade and Booksellers of Istanbul and Other Regions of the Ottoman Empire in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries1
The Book Trade and Booksellers of Istanbul and other regions of the Ottoman Empire in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries1 Ismail E. Erünsal It is well known that no clear political history of the first period of the Ottoman Empire can possibly be established, let alone its cultural history. Historical sources contain no significant information about the few educational institutions which were established in some of the regions conquered during the reign of Orhan Ghazi (1324 – 1360). The leading activity of this beylik* made up of ghazi* communities living along the Byzantine-Seljuk border was “gaza,” that is, military expeditions inspired by religion, and this subsumed cultural activities for a certain period. However, under Murad I (1362 – 1389), Edirne was conquered and Ottoman rule began to make itself felt in Rumeli; some beyliks in Anatolia were subjugated and others became allies. These developments hastened the influx of ulema* toward centers of learning in regions such as Damascus, Egypt and Khorasan, which had already started under Orhan Ghazi. The addition of cultural centers such as Kütahya, Manisa and Kastamonu to the Ottoman Empire under Yildirim Bayezid (1389 – 1402) further fostered an atmosphere of research and debate. Madrasah* students of the early Ottoman period most likely procured their school books by copying them. It does not seem possible to claim that the book trade started with the establishment of madrasahs. There were not enough books to establish a trade in cities such as Iznik, Izmit and Bursa, which did not have an Islamic cultural heritage. However, the multiplication of educational establishments and the increase of communication with other beyliks and important Islamic cultural centers led to the flow of both ulema and books into the Ottoman state. -
Hindustani Music[Edit] Carnatic Music[Edit]
The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, classical music andR&B. India's classical music tradition, including Carnatic and Hindustani music, has a history spanning millennia and developed over several eras. Music in India began as an integral part of socio-religious life and that Indian music is essentially melodic: sounds follow one another expressing an emotional state in an aesthetic unity.[1] Two main traditions of classical music are Carnatic music, found predominantly in the peninsular regions, and Hindustani music, found in the northern and central regions.[2] The basic concepts of this music includes Shruti, Swara, Alankar, Rāga, and Tāla. Its tonal system divides the octave into 22 segments called shrutis, not all equal but each roughly equal to one quarter of a whole tone of Western music. Melody is based on the system of ragas, which are melody types used as the basis for improvisation. Hindustani music[edit] Main article: Hindustani classical music Hindustani music tradition was developed around 13th and 14th centuries AD with Persian influences and from existing religious and folk music.[3] The practice of singing based on notes was popular even from the Vedic times where the hymns in Sama Veda, a sacred text, were sung as Samagana and not chanted. Developing a strong and diverse tradition over several centuries, it has contemporary traditions established primarily in India but also in Pakistan and Bangladesh. In contrast to Carnatic music, the other main Indian classical music tradition originating from the South, Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic philosophy and native Indian sounds but also enriched by the Persian performance practices of the Mughals. -
Downloaded Pakistani Song of the Year of Its Release
ROCKISTAN HISTORY OF THE MOST TURBULENT MUSIC GENRE IN PAKISTAN ROCKISTAN HISTORY OF THE MOST TURBULENT MUSIC GENRE IN PAKISTAN TAYYAB KHALIL COVER DESIGNED BY ANUM AMEER Copyright © 2021 by Tayyab Khalil All rights reserved This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review ISBN: 978-969-23555-0-6 (Hard cover) ISBN: 978-969-23555-1-3 (E-book) Daastan Publications Floor # 1, Workspace 2, Office # 3, National Incubation Center, Islamabad Phone: +92-3219525753 Email: [email protected] www.daastan.com CONTENTS Preface 8 1. Only a Music Concert 11 2. A Game of Chance 20 3. Emergence of the Vital Empire 29 4. An Unholy Alliance 74 5. The Double-edged Sword 115 6. Underground Reverberations 169 7. Unveiling the Partition 236 8. Rock Renaissance 257 9. The Unconventional Path 315 10. Political Upheaval 344 11. Dimes, Crimes and Hard Times 368 12. Tragedy to Triumph 433 Acknowledgements 459 8 PREFACE The road travelled by Pakistani rock musicians is beset with challenges such as staunch criticism, struggling to have a socially acceptable image, having the door slammed in the face by record label owners and lowball offers by concert organizers. Not only are their careers mentally grueling and physically demanding but they also have an added risk of high investment and low returns. The rock genre has struggled to achieve its righteous place in the country whereas folk, qawalli, pop, bhangra and Bollywood music experienced skyrocketing popularity. -
Leaders of Pakistan
Leaders of Pakistan Editor: Dr. Javaid Laghari Volume 1 June 2009 Dedicated to the memory of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, my leader, who laid down her life for democracy and human rights Leaders of Pakistan I Table of Contents Foreword V Social Leaders Dr Abdul Sattar Edhi Ovais Zahid 02 Shehzad Roy Saima Fahim 10 Sports Leaders Imran Khan Nadeem Ahmed Shaikh 18 Jehangir Khan Salma Mirza 26 Hasan Sardar Mohammad Ali Sheikh 36 Performing Arts Leaders Moin Akhtar Imran Raza Paracha 44 Talat Hussain Muhammad Zohaib Sufyan 52 Media Leaders Kamran Khan Shazia Malik 58 Corporate Leaders Mian Mohammad Mansha Sana Saleem Qazi 64 Rafiq Rangoonwala Salman Zakir 72 Spiritual Leaders Javed Ahmed Ghamidi Erum Zaidi 78 Dr. Israr Ahmed Muhammad Mumtaz Khan 86 Annexures 96 Leaders of Pakistan III FOREWORD This monograph is a collection of papers that were presented in the graduate course, "Creative Leadership" taught at SZABIST Karachi in Spring 2009 by the Editor. As a part of the course requirements, the students were asked to write a term paper and make a presentation to the class on "Living Leaders of Pakistan." They had to choose from a list of short-listed leaders who were identified in an earlier internet-based survey. The following procedure was adopted to identify the leaders: 1. An email was sent in October 2008 to all employees (faculty and staff) at all SZABIST campuses to nominate a number of living Pakistani Leaders in the following categories: Political, Corporate, Performing Arts, Sports, Social, Spiritual, Technical and Media (TV and Print). Political leadership was to exclude all present and former head of states to identify new leaders; Academic was excluded to eliminate the element of bias. -
Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention Against
United Nations CAC/COSP/IRG/2013/INF.1 Conference of the States Parties Distr.: General to the United Nations 31 May 2013 Convention against Corruption English/French/Spanish Implementation Review Group Fourth session, Vienna, 27-31 May 2013 FINAL LIST OF PARTICIPANTS States Parties Afghanistan Ayoob M. ERFANI, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Afghanistan to the United Nations (Vienna), Head of Delegation Mohammad Rafi AMINI, Director General of Policy and Planning Department, High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption Daoud HACHEMI, First Secretary, Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations (Vienna) Algeria Mohamed BENHOCINE, Ambassadeur et Représentant Permanent d'Algérie auprès des Nations Unies (Vienne), Chef de la Délégation Nabil HATTALI, Chargé de Mission, Présidence de la République Mokhtar LAKHDARI, Directeur des Affaires Pénale et des Procédures de Grâces, Ministère de la Justice Nasri ZEKKOUR, Magistrat, Direction de la Coopération Juridique et Judicaire, Ministère de la Justice Mohamed A. CHERBAL, Attaché, Mission Permanente d'Algérie auprès des Nations Unies (Vienne) Angola Efigénia Perpétua dos PRAZERES JORGE, First Secretary and Alternate Permanent Representative of Angola to the United Nations (Vienna) Paulo Nicolau CANDEIA, Second Secretary, Division for International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Pinto MIGUEL, National Bank of Angola This document has not been edited and is being posted on the web for information purposes only. CAC/COSP/IRG/2013/INF.1 Antigua and Barbuda Annette MARK, -
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Found Sounds UNCG Musicology Journal Volume IV - Spring 2020 Table of Contents Twelve-Tone Serialism and Its Effect on Modern Audiences - Kenan Baker Page 2 - Abstract by Editor Reimagination of the Requiem: From “For the Mass” to “For the Masses” - Yophi Bost Page 26 - Abstract by Editor An Introduction to Music in Pakistan - Enoch Robbins Page 36 Editor - Enoch Robbins 1 Twelve-Tone Serialism and Its Effect on Modern Audiences Kenan Baker Abstract: Twelve-tone music and serial composition are controversial topics for musicians and composers. This paper catalogs the early emergence of this practice, the opinions of composers on the craft itself, and their opinions on audience attitudes toward twelve-tone music. The conclusion is reached that serialism is generally too academic, written with professional musicians in mind, alienating the listener. The more successful modern composers have tempered their writing with more conventional harmony and tonality. 2 Twelve-Tone Serialism and Its Effect on Modern Audiences Kenan Baker Twelve-tone music and serial composition is a controversial topic for musicians and composers. It offers composers a way to create music that is free from traditional tonality, an originality which is difficult to create using tonality. On the other hand, the difficulties of understanding and enjoying twelve-tone music is usually enough to dissuade musical audiences from listening to any pieces composed in this style. On top of this, composer writings on modernism implies a divide on “high and low art music,” music meant for academic settings and music meant for popular listening. This paper aims to explain why modern audiences have negative reactions when listening to twelve-tone music. -
Pakistani Cinema: a Seventy Years Study of Rise and Fall Dr
Pakistani Cinema: A Seventy Years Study of Rise and Fall Dr. Uzma Parveen, Tahira Tariq & Muhammad Tariq Siddiqui Abstract Pakistani Cinema is now more than 70 years old but it is not an established one as it must be. Pakistani film industry is still struggling to get a prominent position in comparison with the neighboring countries. Its history is full of success and failure stories. The industry was not fully recovered from the shocks and after socks of partition of India when a number of artists moved to India. There was another blow of partition dividing Pakistan into two halves Bangladesh and the present Pakistan. Again, Dacca having a prominent cinema culture was gone with some of the best artists. The films produced clearly shows that the local film industry has a lot of talent in every area of film production but there are a lot of reasons due to which successful combinations have not been able to sustain themselves long enough to contribute significantly. That is why there are a very few super hit productions. 181 Journal of Mass Communication, Vol. 12, May, 2015 The objective of this study is to collect and present the historical evolution of Pakistani Cinema and to give an overview of the factors that evidently contribute to the rise and fall of the cinema industry in different eras. This study follows Qualitative survey as the method of research. The study is divided into seven decades and convenient random sampling technique is used with the help of questioner to get the public view of the Pakistani cinema under study. -
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Authors’ Biography centre from 2003 to 2010. He has conducted research cruises with Euro- pean Union Research centres, includ- ing the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Italy and the IOC-UNESCO (TTR programme) and has been a EUROMARGINS and Saudi Scientific Coordinator. He has been involved in several research projects and cruises as chief scientist and principal investiga- tor in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Najeeb M. A. Rasul Oceans, including the Mid-Atlantic Ian C. F. Stewart Technical Adviser Ridge, Strait of Gibraltar, Gulf of Consultant Center for Marine Geology, Saudi Cadiz, Mediterranean Sea, Tyrrhenian Stewart Geophysical Consultants Geological Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Sea, Alboran Sea, Henderson Lake, Pty. Ltd., Adelaide, South Australia Arabia Lake Erie, Arabian Gulf, Strait of 5069, Australia [email protected], Hormuz, Arabian Sea, and currently [email protected] [email protected] the Red Sea for the last 15 years. His Dr. Ian Stewart received a Ph.D. in ’ Dr. Najeeb Rasul holds a Master s research interests have concentrated on seismology from the University of degree in Marine Geology, and has a the fields of both shallow and deep Adelaide, South Australia. From 1974 Ph.D. in Geological Oceanography water sedimentary processes, deposi- until 1982 he was with the Department from the University of Wales, UK. He tional mechanisms and environmental of Earth Sciences at Memorial Univer- is presently a Technical Adviser at the aspects. These include research on sity of Newfoundland, Canada, where Saudi Geological -
Representing Pakistan Through Folk Music and Dance
University of Alberta Representing Pakistan through Folk Music and Dance by Shumaila Hemani A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Ethnomusicology Department of Music © Shumaila Hemani Fall 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Mein tā koī khayāl I am just a thought Hun milī sā nāl khayāl dey Let my thought become a reality (Sachal Sarmast) Dedicated to the three most inspiring women in my life: my mother, Regula and Veengas Abstract: Folk music is a site of contestation to define national culture and language amongst the cultural elites in Pakistan. The elites who established cultural institutions for the promotion of folk music represented Pakistan either as a cultural unit with Islam and the Urdu language as its unifying bond, or resisted this position by considering Pakistan as a culturally diverse unit, in which national culture could emerge only through a synthesis of regional cultures and not through the imposition of a single culture and language. -
Poverty, Household Food Security and Targeted Food Programmes
POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND TARGETED FOOD PROGRAMMES · OMAR HAIDER CHOWDHURY CARLO DEL NINNO JUNE 1998 FMRSP Working Paper No.5 F.IIRSP Bangladesh Food Management & Research Support Project Ministry ofFood, Government of the People's Republic ofBangladesh International Food Policy Research Institute This work wasfunded by the United States Agencyfor International Development (USA/D) POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND TARGETED FOOD PROGRAMMES OMAR HAIDER CHOWDHURY * CARLO DEL NINNO ** JUNE 1998 FMRSP Working Paper No.5 PHR.SP Bangladesh Food Management & Research Support Project Ministry ofFood, Government ofthe People's Republic ofBangladesh International Food Policy Research Institute This work was fUnded by the United States Agencyfor International Development (USAID) Contract Number: 388-C-OO-97-00028-00 * Research Director, BIDS, Consultant, FMRSP ** Consumption EconomistlHuman Resource Coordinator, FMRSP, and Research Fellow, IFPRI The views expressed in this report are those ofthe author and do not necessarily reflect the official position ofthe Government ofBangladesh or USAID. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES II 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. AVAILABILITY AND CONSUMPTION OF FOOD AND NUTRIENTS........ 5 3. POVERTY IN BANGLADESH 9 DATA 11 METHODOLOGY : 12 TRENDS IN POVERTY 19 4. OTHER DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY 22 FOOD CONSUMPTION 23 SEASONAL AND REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN FOOD INTAKE 24 NUTRIENT INTAKE 26 INTER-HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENT INTAKE 26 INTRA-FAMlLY DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENT INTAKE 27 ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS 29 5. PUBLIC FOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND TARGETED FOOD PROGRAMS 34 REVIEW OF GOB FOOD POLICy 34 FROM EMERGENCY RELIEF TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND DEVELOPMENT 35 PUBLIC FOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (PFDS) 36 TARGETED FOOD PROGRAMS 37 6. LEAKAGE 44 LEAKAGES IN THE RD PROGRAM 46 TARGETING 47 WORKING HOURS ; 49 PRODUCTIVITY 49 WAGE PAYMENTS 50 PADDING VOLUME OF WORK COMPLETED 52 . -
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Authors’ Biography Arabian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Arabian Sea, exploration. He was the Geophysical Tech- and currently the Red Sea for the last 15 years. nical Adviser to the Saudi Geological Survey, His research interests have concentrated on the Jeddah, between 2003 and 2013. He is an fields of both shallow and deep water sedi- independent geophysical consultant based in mentary processes, depositional mechanisms Adelaide, applying proprietary methods for and environmental aspects. These include processing gravity and magnetic data for research on modern underwater sedimentary numerous mining and oil companies in Aus- features and processes involved in their for- tralia, the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere. mation, deep sea turbidite systems, sediment dispersal and pathways, sediment plumes, fluxes and deposition, contaminants and chemical pathways for pollution and their environmental impact in both time and space, Najeeb M.A. Rasul as well as marine mineral resources. He has Technical Adviser also worked on the formation and exploration Center for Marine Geology, Saudi Geo- of oil and gas in deltas and offshore regions. logical Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia [email protected]; [email protected] Dr. Najeeb M.A. Rasul holds a Master’s degree in Marine Geology, and has a Ph.D. in Geological Oceanography from the University of Wales, U.K. He is presently a Technical Adviser at the Saudi Geological Survey Abdullah Alsharekh (SGS) in Jeddah. For the past 15 years he has Professor been associated with several organizations and King Saud University, Department of has held key research positions at Geological Archaeology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Geophysical Research Systems in [email protected] Canada, the Challenger Division for Seafloor Dr.