THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA

THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA FROM THE LIBRARY OF

Mrs. B. E. Parham

C970.9 H91h c.2 Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2012 with funding from

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

http://archive.org/details/historyofgreatwoOOoxford 7/Kpi/Sorvod fo /coop the/fafton 'fivmt/iiS'

dedicated to the SMemory of the SMen

from Cjran-vllle County Who Made

the Supreme Sacrifice

qAoq/onorCRott

1917 — 1918- 1919

oA Grayer That Was oAnswered

May it please (ioil that this sore-stricken, heart- broken, blood-soaked world may hear a voice divine, whispering, "You hare tried the gun, the dagger, the bombshell, the submarine, the tin mint/ gas; why not try self-sacrifice, forgiveness and lore ?"

Surch/ a forty-two centimetre gun, or even a gun that can shell a church filled with women anil children seventy-two miles away, is no! (he last word in deniza- tion. It cannot be that the angel's song of "Peace on Earth," is In be forever superseded by the shriek of ex- ploding shells and the cries of wounded anil dying humanity. fo ^^xQC ))ooo: o

PUBLISHED BY E. G. HULSE

OXFORD, N. C.

COLOR SECTIONS COPYRIGHT BY

BUREAU OF ENGRAVING. INC.. MINNEAPOLIS &J

SIDNEY W. MINOR

Durham, N. C.

Colonel, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County November 24, 1873. Son of Capt. Richard V. Minor. Promoted to rank of Colonel, 3rd Infantry, N. C. N. G., September 28, 1914. Entered service for World War at Camp Sevier, S. C, July 25, 1917, and given same rank as held in N. C. N. G. Overseas one year. Honorably discharged April 23, 1919.

A HISTORY OF THE GREAT WORLD WAR

A Chronological Record of every Event and En- gagement, and the Causes that Led up to the Greatest Struggle the World has ever Known

ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS OF THE MEN FROM GRANVILLE COUNTY WHO TOOK PART IN THIS UNPARALLELED CONFLICT

NOTE: A number of mail routes from adjoining counties run into Granville and the men on these routes, who entered the service under the direction of the Granville County Local Board, are entitled to a place in this volume.

—^/7-iL,

PRESS OF OXFORD ORPHANAGE 1920 ; ; ! ;

AMERICA

My country 'tis of thee. Sweet land of liberty, Of thee we sing Land where my fathers died, Land of the pilgrims' pride From every mountain side Let freedom ring!

My native country, thee, Land of the noble free, Thy name I love I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills My heart with rapture thrills Like that above.

Our fathers' God to Thee, Author of liberty. To Thee we sing; Long may our land be bright With freedom's holy light; Protect us by Thy might, Great God, our King! !

A Shot in the Balkans Set the World Aflame

N JUNE 28, 1914, the Archduke military and judicial commissions to carry Francis Ferdinand, heir-apparent out Austrian demands. w to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Press, public meetings, education, mili- visited the city of Sarajevo, capi- tary service and the administration of jus- tal of Bosnia, to take part in a public cere- tice in Serbia must all be turned over to mony. As he was driving through the Austrian dictation. And Serbia must ac- town a Bosnian named Cabrinovicz threw cept these terms within 48 hours two bombs at his automobile. Both fell Serbia accepted ! The terrified little na- short. Despite this warning and the sup- tion quibbled on only two of the demands, posed excellence of the Austrian police sys- conceding the others unreservedly, and con- tem, that same afternoon a young Bosnian cluded with an offer to refer any point not named Gabrilio Prinzip succeeded in reach- satisfactorily answered to The Hague tri- ing the steps of his automobile and fired bunal or to the powers. two shots from an automatic pistol. His And then, on July 28th, Austria declared aim was only too good. Both the Arch- war, and on July 29th the great world war duke and his wife, a Czech countess whom was begun by the shelling of Belgrade. he had married morganatically, were The alliance between Germany and Aus- killed. tria was defensive only, as Italy, the third Prinzip was seized, but was later given member of the league, later showed. Even the comparative immunity of a prison sen- had it been otherwise, disregard of its ob- tence, while several political leaders of the ligations for the purpose of preserving pro-Serbian faction were held as the real peace could have presented no moral dif- principals and three of them were execut- ficulties to a nation which was soon to vio- ed. The Serbian government immediate- late equally-binding treaties in order to ly expressed its horror, and was assured carry out her plans of war. The slightest that the affair would not disturb the rela- word from Germany would have compelled tions between Austria and Serbia. The Austria-Hungary to settle her quarrel. As world in general assumed that the incident a matter of fact, the Austrian government would end where it had begun—in Bosnia. was at one time on the point of yielding to Nearly a month passed. Then on July 23d, reason, but Germany compelled it to go on. to the amazement and consternation of all The assassination of the Archduke was to Europe, Austria-Hungary sent to Serbia be made the pretext for carrying out plans the most startling ultimatum ever address- of military aggression which the German ed by one free nation to another. It de- imperial leaders had long been preparing. manded : These plans contemplated nothing less than Prohibition of publication hostile to the conquest of a large part of Europe, if Austria-Hungary; suppression of societies not of the world. engaged in propaganda against Austria- Evidence of this accumulated during the Hungary; elimination from the schools of progress of the war. teaching opposed to Austria-Hungary; re- August Thyssen, a leading German steel moval from the Serbian military service manufacturer, published in 1917 a pam- of officers whom Austria-Hungary should phlet telling about several meetings of Ger- thereafter name; acceptance of Austrian man business men between 1912 and 1914 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR at which the Emperor promised them great troops to keep ten miles inside the French financial rewards for supporting him in border. Nevertheless, cavalry skirmishes the projected war. Thyssen was "person- occurred on both the French and Russian ally promised 30,000 acres in Australia." frontiers on the following day, August 2d, Other firms were to have "special" trading and on the same day German troops enter- facilities in India, which was to be conquer- ed the neutral duchy of Luxemburg, which ed by Germany, be it noted, by the end of could only protest. The formal declara- 1915. "A syndicate was formed for the tion of war on France was made on Au- exploitation of Canada." gust 3d. Prince Lichnowsky, who was German The first and greatest horrors of war, ambassador to Great Britian when the war however, were to fall, not on Serbia or Rus- began, wrote for his family archives in sia or France, but on a nation which was ab- 1916 a record, which later gained publica- solutely inoffensive and unconcerned in the tion, in which he said that Serbia had ac- quarrel. On July 31st, before any declara- cepted almost the whole ultimatum "under tion of war except that of Austria had oc- Russian and British pressure" and that curred, three German army troops started "Count Berchtold was even prepared to for the Belgian border, and on August 2d satisfy himself with the Serbian reply." the amazed and frightened government of Lichnowsky added that he had to support Belgium received an ultimatum demanding in London a policy, "the heresy of which the right of passage for the German army

I recognized" and suggested that the Ger- through Belgian territory. The particular man people were dominated by "the spirit wickedness of this note lay in the conclud- of Treitschke and of Bernhardi, which glo- ing paragraph, which read : "Should Bel- rifies war as an end in itself." gium oppose the German troops, and par- The United States army intelligence ser- ticularly should she throw difficulties in vice learned from German agents, arrested the way of their march by a resistance of in this country, that on July 10, 1914, a the fortresses on the Meuse, or by corps of German propagandists had been destroying railways, roads, tunnels, or sent to neutral countries to develop senti- other similar works, Germany will, to her ment for Germany in the war which was regret, be compelled to consider Belgium about to begin. as an enemy." Henry Morgenthau, United States am- Germany was not content to ask the priv- bassador to Turkey, was told, a few weeks ilege of sending troops through Belgium after the war started, by both the Aus- and to offer alliance and protection against trian and the German ambassadors at Con- invasion by France, which she professed to stantinople, that war had been decided on believe was threatened, though France had at a conference in Berlin early in July. just given the most positive assurance to This was why when Russia called her the contrary. She was not even satisfied reserves to the colors on the day following to announce her purpose to move through Austria's declaration of war on Serbia, Belgium and leave the question of Bel- Germany immediately began to mobilize gium's attitude for the future. She placed and on August 1st declared war on Russia. Belgium at the outset in the position of a

It was not on the Russian frontier, how- subject province to be subdued if it dared ever, that Germany massed her troops. to resist. In view of the later attitude of France was bound to Russia by a treaty of the German leaders, there can be little alliance ; and, before sending her ultimatum doubt that this note was written in the ex- to Russia, Germany demanded of France pectation and hope that Belgium would re- whether she would remain neutral. France sist, since that would further the project ordered mobilization, but directed her of annexation. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Germany's course violated written as much too thin to be maintained. They well as moral law. The perpetual neutral- withdrew behind the forts of Antwerp, ity of Belgium had been solemnly guaran- abandoning Brussels and leaving a garri- teed by a treaty between the five great son in Namur, which was attacked and re> powers, including Prussia, as early as 1831 duced by heavy siege artillery after a ten and had several times been reaffirmed. hours' fight on the 22d. Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg frankly The French mobilization plans concen- admitted in his speech to the reichstag on trated the bulk of their army on their eas- August 4th that Germany had acted "con- tern frontier, since they could not antici- trary to the dictates of international law." pate an attack through neutral Belgium. The excuse offered was "military necessi- General Joffre evidently hoped that a strong ty." movement directly against German terri- When the British ambassador at Berlin tory might force the Germans to abandon gave warning of the consequence of vio- the Belgian invasion. He was able to move lating Belgium's neutrality, the German by the 7th, when a French army entered foreign minister, Von Jagow, heatedly re- Alsace, taking Altkirch and Mulhausen and ferred to the treaty as a "scrap of paper." advancing nearly to Colmar. A second Great Britain's attitude up to this time French army penetrated Lorraine as far had been that of a mediator seeking to as Saarburg and a third moved toward Lux- avert the general calamity. She had a emburg. The Germans claimed that all friendly understanding with France and three were badly beaten. At least, they Russia, but was not allied with them by failed to inflict the necessary defeat on the treaty. It is probable that even when Germans, and the danger from the north Premier Asquith and his associates sent an made it impossible to continue the move- ultimatum to Germany demanding that ment. All three retreated, and Saarburg, Belgium's neutrality be respected, they Mulhausen and Altkirch were again left cherished a strong hope that their threat in German hands. would compel Germany to pause. But if The British had a regular army of about so, the hope was disappointed, and on Au- 370,000 men, scattered in all parts of the gust 4th the war became general with Ger- world, with some 100,000 reserves and many and Austria-Hungary on one side and 240,000 Territorials, similar to the Ameri- Great Britain, France, Belgium, Russia can National Guard. Lord Kitchener was and Serbia on the other. Montenegro came made minister of war with almost dicta- to the aid of Serbia four days later. torial powers. With great energy he suc- The Belgians were able to bring a gar- ceeded in landing in France about 90,000 rison of 25,000 men and a field army of infantry and cavalry with 400 guns by the 120,000 men to the defense of Liege, and 13th and by the 22d, Sir John French, who with this force they held off superior num- commanded, had thrown four weak divis- bers of Germans for four days. The first ions of infantry and five brigades of cav- German assault was completely repulsed. alry across the path of the Germans at They were unable, however, to protect their Mons, near the southern border of Bel- flanks, and to avoid being surrounded they gium. They were attacked on the 23d by fell back to a line running through Tirle- greatly superior forces of Germans under mont and Namur. The forts of Liege were von Kluck, but held their ground steadily not reduced until the Germans brought up throughout the day. Probably they could heavy siege guns nearly two weeks later. have maintained their position longer, but Although the Belgians held their ground Sir John French received word that the successfully in several local combats, their French on his right at Charleroi had given flanks were still in the air and their line way, while his left, which was in the air, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR was also being enveloped. The retreat down the heights of the Meuse, the front from Mons and Charleroi occupied eleven was continued by General de Castlenau's days and carried the British, who were on army of Lorraine along the hills just east the outer rim of the great backward-wheel- of Nancy, known as the Grande Couronne. ing line, 140 miles into the heart of France. Here the Kaiser came in person to witness Fighting was almost continuous during a battle which was to lay all France at his these eleven days, though it slackened into feet. In seven days of hard fighting, how- detached skirmishes of small proportions ever, from August 31st to September 6th, towards the last. The general plan of the De Castlenau completely repulsed the Ger- retreat was to withdraw, usually at night, man attack. Meanwhile, Joffre, on Sep- by the north-and-south roads and to deploy tember 5th, ordered his troops south of the and tight along each of the east-and-west Marne to take the offensive. In order to roads. The most severe action for the give better support to the armies east of British was on the Le Chateau-Cambrai him. Von Kluck turned eastward, march- road on the 26th. General Smith-Dorrien's ing directly across the British front. He Second corps was here joined by the Fourth thereby exposed his flank to the British, division, fresh from England. It went who promptly attacked. A more serious into shallow ditches which had been dug in blow was dealt by the Sixth French army advance by local labor, mostly French wo- under General Manoury, which, marching men, but with so little military supervis- out of Paris, struck the German flank north ion that through long stretches the earth of Meaux. Von Kluck turned back to meet had been thrown out on the wrong side of this danger, trusting to his associates to the trench. The weary soldiers had to extend westward and fill the gap. Near spend most of the night reversing these Le Fere Champenoise the movement miss- parapets with only their mess tins for tools, ed connection. General Foch, in command for they had not yet learned the vital im- of the Ninth army, threw his Moroccans portance of carrying spades. All the next and French into the gap, and the Kaiser's day they held off three German corps with one chance for crushing France and attain- a fourth working around their flank and ing world empire ended right there. they succeeded in withdrawing safely dur- The pursuit recovered Chalons, Reims and ing the night. A French force had a simi- Soissons, but Soissons and Reims remained lar action near Guise. under the fire of the German artillery and If General Joffre ever had a hope that were ruthlessly battered to ruins. The the Germans could be held on the Belgian Germans even shelled and destroyed the frontier till his main army could get up, beautiful Reims cathedral to the horror of it could not have existed after the 23rd. civilization, though at the time the first From that date his obvious policy was shells fell it was being used as a hospital merely to retard the German advance until for German wounded. he could bring back his army from Alsace The British, although the public and get into position before Paris. The thought otherwise at the time, had but a capital was hastily provisioned for a siege small part in the battle of the Marne, be- and the government was removed to Bor- ing called on for little more than to follow deaux, but there was no intention of giving up retreat. They had only about 80,000 up without a fight. The line ran along the men on the field as compared with 800,000 Great Morin River, rather than the Marne, French and more than 1,000,000 Germans. from Langy through Sezanne to Vitry-le- The victory was due to the attacks of Man- Francois, whence it looped to the north oury and Foch and the stand of De Castle- around Verdun, which had not, like Reims nau east of Nancy, so far as it can be at- and Chalons, been abandoned. Stretching tributed to any part of the Allied army GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

more than to another. The British, how- the same terrible methods which the Ger- ever, bore the principal burden of the bat- mans had employed to subdue rebellious tle of the Aisne, which followed on Sep- negroes in their African colonies. tember 12-14th. They crossed the Aisne What happened to Vise, however, was on a twenty-mile front and forced back the but an introduction. The atrocity which German line from the region of Missy to aroused the greatest horror was the burn- Troyon on the Chemin des Dames. The ing of Louvain, a university city of 45,000 taking of Troyon on the 14th by the First inhabitants. On August 24-25th, the Bel- corps under General Sir Douglas Haig was gian army made a sortie from Antwerp and a particularly brilliant achievement. drove the Germans back some distance. It But the Germans had reinforced their is said that German troops retreating into front by calling in the garrisons from Louvian were fired on erroneously by the Amiens and other points west of the German garrison. The Germans said they Somme, thereby relinquishing the open were sniped by citizens. Whichever story gateway to the Channel ports, for the re- was true, on the 27th the Germans began covery of which they were to fight desper- to pillage and destroy the town. The popu- ately during the succeeding years. The lation was driven out, old men, women, surrender on September 9th of Maubeuge children and lunatics from the asylum. after a siege of ten days also released a Many were crowded into railroad cars and considerable force, which was rushed at carried off into Germany under conditions once to the Aisne. By the 17th the Allies which entailed appalling suffering. Many had concluded that the German positions were murdered in the town. It was a sav- were too strong to be forced by frontal at- age, drunken orgy, which continued for tack, and thereafter the armies on the eight days. The cathedral and university Aisne began to settle down into trench lines library were destroyed and about one- which were maintained with slight changes third of the city. Similar scenes were en- for the next four years. acted all over Eastern Belgium during the Meanwhile, terrible things had been hap- latter clays of August and early Septem- pening in Belgium. The first considerable ber. On September 10-14th, the Belgian town entered by the Germans after cross- army made its last and most successful sal- ing the Belgian border was Vise, a place of ly from Antwerp, hoping to menace the 4,500 population. They did little damage German flank sufficiently to affect the posi- when they passed through on August 4th, tion on the Aisne. The Belgians recover- but on the 15th, after the capture of Liege, ed Malines, Aerschot and Diest only to they returned and systematically burned find them reduced to ruins. Tamines, Din- the entire village and scattered the inhabi- ant and Andenne were among the other tants. When Hugh Gibson, the American most important places that suffered. Ant- consul at Brussels, visited the spot four werp on August 26th was the victim of an- months afterward, he found there only other kind of atrocity when a German two or three houses, one old man, two chil- Zeppelin dropped bombs on the heart of dren and a cat. There was no excuse for the city—the first example of the use which this atrocity. It was the first act in the the Germans were to make of their dirigi- German policy, later to become familiar, of ble balloons. making war, not on armies alone, but on The Belgians had not only been subject- the entire population of the countries which ed to fire and sword, as in the ancient days opposed them. The people of Vise were of savagery, but they were in danger of punished because the Belgian army had starvation from the stoppage of industry dared to resist the Germans at Liege. It and absorption of food supplies by the in- was the application to civilized Europe of vaders. For four years the people of Bel- 8 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

gium and Northern France lived mainly trian army was thus left in the air, with on supplies distributed first under Ameri- its base in enemy hands. Its plight was can and later under Spanish direction, suf- made worse by an immediate attack on fering indescribable horrors to the very September 4-8th along the line of Rawar- last. Their wrecked cities were still in the uska and Tomasov. The defeat of the Aus- condition to which the Germans had re- trians was so overwhelming that they prob- duced them in 1914, or worse, when the ably would have been forced to make peace country was recovered in 1918. at once, if they had not had Germany to Although the mobilization of the Rus- lean on. They were driven back in the en- sians had been treated by Germany as a suing months to the outskirts of Cracow clanger which would admit of no further and far into the Carpathians. Russian time for debate, they were two weeks behind Cossacks raided well into Eastern Hun- the Germans in getting into action. Their gary, but unfortunately they were not in first success was at Gumbinnen, about sufficient force to hold the mountain passes thirty miles inside the border of East Prus- when the reaction came. sia on the railroad from Koenigsberg to German cavalry had raided almost to the Vilna. Here on August 20-21st, they won gates of Warsaw, but retired to the German a battle, small in itself, but very important border after the Austrian defeat, and in m its effect, for it opened East Prussia to the latter part of September the Russians invasion and caused the German staff to resumed the offensive in the north, defeat- detach several corps from the west front ing the Germans along the Niemen and at to protect the east. This undoubtedly was Augustowa and recovering the province of a most important contribution to the Al- Siwalki. lied success on the Marne. Hindenburg countered by a movement The Germans had their revenge, how- across the ill-defended Polish frontier, and ever, at Tannenburg on August 29-31st by the middle of October he was before when General von Hindenburg laid the Warsaw in force. There he was defeated foundation of his great reputation by en- in a battle lasting from October 15-23d. trapping and annihilating two Russian ar- He retreated out of Poland, drawing the my corps, taking 70,000 prisoners. The Russians after him in the direction of Cra- blow was not a vital one to Russia, but the cow and Czenstochowa. But this retreat remainder of the Russian army in the north was rather strategic than forced. Trans- after a battle on the line of Augerburg-Al- ferring his army swiftly to the West Prus- lenburg-Wehlau, September 7-13th, was sion front, he again entered Poland in No- driven out of East Prussia and across Si- vember from the northwest. A series of walki to the Niemen River. desperate battles followed. The Russians, In the south the Russians were more for- moving up from the southwest, at one tunate. The Austrians were ready first time completely surrounded a considerable and, advancing from Lemberg, crossed the detachment of the German army under border into Poland and won a battle near General von Morgen, but the Germans Krasnik on August 23-26th, advancing fought their way out and the Russians in nearly to Lublin. They had not, however, early December were forced to give up found the main Russian concentration, Lodz and Lowicz and to retire to the line of which, advancing from the fortress trian- the Bzura and Rawka rivers before War- gle of Lutsk, Rovno and Dubno, seized Tar- saw. nopol and, pushing forward to the east and No help could be sent to the Serbians with- south of Lemberg, broke the Austrian de- out violating neutral territory, and they had fense and captured, first Halicz and, on little but stout hearts to depend on. They September 2d, Lemberg itself. The Aus- were promptly invaded by 200,000 Aus- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR trians, but rallying along the Jadar River, of racing and fighting for the exposed on August 16-23d they amazed Europe by flank of the other army. defeating this powerful army and driving The Germans, recognizing the menace of it back across the Danube and the Save. The the Belgian army at Antwerp, brought up Austrians renewed the attempt in Novem- siege guns and, after the Belgian sortie of ber with the same initial success as before. September 10-14, began to press the city On December 2d, they captured Belgrade, closely. The British sent up 6,000 naval but once more the Serbians rallied, and be- reserves from Ostend—a puny force—and tween December 6th and 14th they again on October 7th landed the Seventh division won a complete victory, recovering Bel- of infantry and some cavalry at Zeebrugge grade and restoring the line of the Danube with the purpose of further reinforcing the and the Save, which they maintained for a city. They were too late. On October 9th, year. the Belgians were forced to evacuate, with- The one punctilious nation was Japan. drawing toward the coast. She had a treaty of alliance with Great Meanwhile, the main British army was Britain for mutual defense in the East. transferred from the Aisne front to extend While it did not bind her to enter the Eu- General Foch's line in Flanders. The First ropean war, the opportunity to even scores corps arrived in time to take part in the and remove a menace was not to be neg- battle for Lille, but too late to save the city, lected. Promptly on August 16th she sent which the Germans occupied on the 18th. an ultimatum to Germany, demanding the The broken Belgian army had abandoned evacuation of the Shantung peninsula, and, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend and all western after allowing the prescribed week to pass, Belgium down to the Yser River, where it on August 23d declared war. Within four checked the Germans by flooding the coun- days a blockade of Tsing-tao was establish- try- The British Seventh division from ed. By September 2d an army had been Zeebrugge aided the retreat of the Belgian landed, and on November 7th, after some army and then took position on its flank hard fighting, Tsing-tao surrendered. before Ypres. The remaining six divisions Except for naval work in the Pacific and of British filled the gap down to the French the Mediterranean and by sending supplies sector, and the continuous front from the to Russia, Japan took no further part in Channel to Switzerland was formed. the war until called on to land troops in The first battle of Ypres lasted from the Siberia in 1918. middle of October till well into November The Germans made one more attempt to and included heavy attacks by the Germans break the French front in late September against the Belgians, particularly at Dix- when a force, advancing from Metz, reach- mude. The British at first attempted to ed and took Saint Mihiel. They got no far- advance and thereby gave to the Ypres po- ther, but the Saint Mihiel salient remained sition its bulging form. They were forced as a dagger in the side of France for four to recognize the superior numbers and years. equipment of the Germans, however, and Meanwhile, after the Germans had taken were themselves fortunate in maintaining a their stand on the Aisne, the French arm- successful defensive. ies under Foch began a movement north- There were, in fact, eventually as many ward around the German flank. Battles as 750,000 Germans facing these first seven were fought before Saint Quentin and Pe- divisions of the exhausted British regular ronne, the French being driven back across army. A reinforcement from an unlooked- the Somme. There were other actions at for source, however, was obtained in Octo- Arras and Lens. It was a case on each side ber when a corps of the British-Indian ar- 10 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR my was landed in France. The first of the ruary 12th a Russian army was again trap- Indian troops went into action near Fes- ped and routed even more disastrously than tubert on October 21st. They remained at Tannenburg in the preceding August. in France during the winter and perform- The pursuit, which lasted till the 22d, drove ed good service, but the following spring the Russians into Grodno and across the were sent back to Egypt. Niemen. The Germans claimed 100,000 On November 11th the Germans made prisoners and more than 300 cannon. their supreme effort to break through to the The blow was offset and Russian hopes Channel ports, using the redoubtable Prus- raised to the highest point that they ever sian Guard. Though they gained some reached during the war when on March 22d ground, they were repulsed. the fortress of Przemysl, in Galicia, which Happily the French brought up a heavy had been under siege since the preceding reinforcement in time to discourage the November, was surrendered with an Aus- Germans from making another attack, and trian army of 130,000 men. the lines settled down into muddy and fro- But the Germans, who had brought the zen trenches for the winter. Austrian armies under the German gener- The Allied cause at the end of the 1914 al staff and were now intermingling Aus-

campaigns looked more hopeful than it trian and German troops throughout the again appeared until the final turn of the eastern front, were preparing a terrible re- tide in 1918. The Germans had been beat- venge. On May 2d the blow fell along the en in open battle on the Marne and had Dunajec River, being concentrated partic- been blocked at Ypres and Saint Mihiel. ularly at Gorlice. The heaviest artillery The Russians had completely broken the fire which had yet been felt in the war shat- Austrian army and, despite some serious tered completely the Russian front. The disasters, had fought the German armies Russians attempted to stand along the San to a standstill. The Serbians had driven two weeks later, but were again over- back two Austrian invasions and held their whelmed. The armies in the Carpathians country intact. The general plan of cam- had to retreat precipitately and narrowly paign, devised by the Allies for 1915, was escaped capture. Przemysl and Lemberg to occupy as large a force of Germans as were recaptured during June, and by July possible in the west, while the Russians the Russians were driven back into Poland. with their great numbers and wider field All the results of the victories in the pre- for maneuvering should attempt either to ceding September were lost, and the Rus- carry the war into Hungary and Germany sians had been dealt a blow from which or, at least, to draw increasing numbers they never fully recovered. to the eastern front until the German line The Allies watched these events without in the west had been sufficiently weakened attempting a serious diversion in the west, to admit of a successful assault. But the but they undertook a series of minor opera- Allies were counting too much on the Rus- tions, which General Joffre described as sians. "nibbling." The taking of Steinbach and The Grand Duke Nicholas continued his Thann early in January gave the French offensive throughout the winter in the Car- a hold on Alsace, which they maintained pathians and by spring had fairly passed throughout the war. An attempt to ad- the Beskid range and was looking down in- vance from Soissons in January was repuls- to the plains of Hungary. The Turks were ed disastrously, but the French fared bet- defeated on the border of Transcaucasia. ter in the Champagne, where they made A second invasion of East Prussia was un- considerable gains in the region of Perthes. dertaken and was pushed well into the re- There was another success at Les Eparges, gion of the Mazurian lakes. There on Feb- on the heights of the Meuse, in April. Still GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 11 more important were a series of operations the Garibaldian spirit for the redemption near Carency in May and June which re- of Italian lands still held by Austria. More- sulted in the capture of an elaborate sys- over, they distrusted the German word. tem of trenches, known as the Labyrinth. They took the field at once and pushed their This was the first development of a method lines across the boundary, but gained no of taking trenches and was due to General important success during 1915. Foch. In addition to taking Tsing-tao, the Ja- An operation in support of the French panese quickly occupied the Caroline, Mar- "nibblings," but somewhat more ambitious, shall and Marianne islands. Australian and was begun by the British north of La Bassee New Zealand forces seized German Samoa, on March 10th. In an attack lasting three the Bismarck archipelago, the Solomon is- days the village of Neuve Chappelle and lands and New Guinea in August and Sep- adjoining territory were captured, but the tember, 1914. Togoland on the gulf of hope of breaking through the German lines Guinea was taken by forces from the ad- failed and the British losses were out of joining British and French colonies also proportion to the results achieved. It was in August, 1914. the first British offensive against trench The conquest of German Southwest Af- lines. It was followed in April by a suc- rica was undertaken by the Union of South cessful attack on Hill 60. Africa under the Boer premier. General The Germans countered by introducing Louis Botha. He led a brilliant campaign a new horror—the most dastardly weapon across the deserts, where the Germans had ever employed in civilized warfare. On poisoned every well as they retired, and on

April 22d, French and Canadian troops July 9, 1915, he received the complete sur- holding the line from Bixschoote to Lange- render of this entire colony. marck, north of Ypres, saw a strange yel- Late in 1915, the British prepared to low cloud rise from the German trenches take revenge for their defeat at Tanga by and roll slowly toward them. It was the organizing a strong expedition against Ger- first sight of poison gas. The effect on man East Africa. It was made up of Brit- those who inhaled it was frightful—a slow ish and Boer troops under command of the death by torture in most cases. The Mo- Boer General, Jan Christian Smuts. The roccan contingent with the French fled in attack was made from British East Africa panic. The Canadians tied their handker- and had the support of a Belgian force mov- chiefs and coatsleeves over their faces, ing from the Congo. During the spring of closed the gap and somehow held on. Out 1916 the Germans were driven from the of three brigades they lost 197 officers and settled parts of the colony, but they contin- 5,403 men. British and Indian units were ued to keep up guerilla warfare in the re- hurried up, and the Germans gained only mote jungles until the end of the war. about two miles. The Germans in the Cameroons also of- The moral effect of the Russian defeats fered strong resistance. Colonial troops was largely offset among the Allies by from the adjoining British and French pos- Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hun- sessions carried on a difficult jungle cam- gary on May 23d. Italy had declared neu- paign during most of 1915, and on Febru- trality on August 4, 1914, thereby contri- ary 18, 1916, gained the complete conquest buting to the success at the Marne by re- of the colony. leasing the French from the necessity of The Germans were not content with their guarding the Italian border. The Ger- success in merely driving the Russians out mans made desperate efforts to secure of East Prussia and Galicia. Their pur- Italy's alliance or, at least, her continued suit into Southern Poland was temporarily neutrality, but the Italians were fired by checked by the Russians near Krasnik on 12 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

July 2-4th, but on July 14th the Germans through Volhynia into Galicia. In the began a new invasion from the north, at southern sector, however, the Russians the same time renewing their attack in the made an encouraging rally in September south. Przasnysz, fifty miles north of War- and October, and after defeating the Aus- saw, was quickly taken. Lublin and Cholm, trians along the Sereth, advanced to the southeast of Warsaw, fell. A third Ger- Stripa River, where they established a sta- man-Austrian army, driving up through tionary front. southwest Poland, crossed the Vistula be- The Grand Duke Nicholas was, somewhat tween Warsaw and its protecting fortress unjustly, removed from command and was of Ivangorod. succeeded nominally by the Czar in person, The Russian soldiers were resisting with with the capable General Alexieff actually splendid courage, but their government directing the armies as chief of staff. had failed them. They were so short of Urgent as was the need for a diversion rifles that men were sent unarmed into the m the west, the Allies were not able to at- trenches to take up the weapons of fallen tempt any large-scale movement till late in comrades. In some sectors the troops were September after the Russian debacle was allowed to fire only eight or nine cartridges virtually complete. On September 25th, per day. following a prolonged bombardment along With both flanks turned, the troops the entire front, simultaneous attacks were which had stopped the Germans on the delivered by the British a little north of Bzura-Rawka line the preceding fall, and Lens and by the French on a 25-mile front

held it ever since, had no choice but to re- in the Champagne. The British gained the treat. Warsaw was taken on August 4th. town of Loos and other immediate objec- The Russians foolishly left a large garrison tives, but were unable to hold their more in the fortress of Novogeorgievsk, a little advanced ground. The French carried a northwest of Warsaw, and after a short stretch of territory some miles deep. At

siege it fell to the German 42-centimeter one point the Moroccans actually broke en- guns on the 19th, with 90,000 men and tirely through the German line, but the 1.200 cannon. Brest-Litovsk, with an enor- great object of starting a German retreat mous accumulation of stores which had failed. The battle of Loos was noteworthy, never reached the front, was blown up and however, as the first big test of the new burned by the Russians, and the Germans British volunteers, Kitchener's First Hun- occupied the place on the 26th. dred Thousand. Turning to the fortresses along the Nie- Having disposed of Russia for the time men, the Germans captured Kovno on the being and feeling secure in the west, the 18th with 800 guns, Ossowietz, Bialystok Germans now turned their attention to the and Olita in rapid succession and Grodno punishment of Serbia. They were relying, on September 2d. Lutsk and Dubno, two however, not so much on their own forces of the triangle of fortresses protecting Vol- as on a new ally, whom their diplomacy had hynia, fell early in September. On Sep- won to their side. The Entente nations had tember 18th the Germans entered Vilna. taken it for granted that Bulgaria, owing The retiring Russians were actually sur- to her historic debt of gratitude to Russia, rounded east of Vilna, but fought their way would sympathize with them. They mis- out. judged the character of Czar Ferdinand

The retreat never halted until it brought and the bitterness of the Bulgarians toward up against the Dvina River from Riga to the Serbians on account of the war of 1913. Dvinsk in the north, running thence south When it was realized that Bulgaria was in a steady straight line through the Prip- drifting into German hands, frantic ef- et marshes, a little east of Pinsk, and on forts were made to avert the peril. They GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 13 were too late. As soon as a German-Aus- glorious chapter in Serbian history. The trian force under Mackensen appeared on country itself remained in the grip of the the Danube in late September, Bulgaria be- Austrians and Bulgarians for nearly three gan to mobilize. The Serbians fought gal- years, enduring frightful oppression. lantly against the invaders from the north The British and French troops, when at- for two weeks, but when, on October 14th, tacked by the Bulgarians in December, re- Bulgaria declared war on them and began tired to the Greek border. an invasion from the east, they were out- Montenegro and Albania were in turn flanked and helpless. quickly overrun by Austrian forces. Greece had a treaty of alliance with Ser- If 1914 had raised the hopes of the Al- bia against Bulgaria, and the Allies exerted lies to a high pitch, the campaigns of 1915 great pressure to induce her to go to the had left them at the lowest stage of depres- rescue. The British offered the immediate sion. While Germany was as far as ever cession of the island of Cyprus as a con- from overwhelming France, she had shat- sideration. Premier Venizelos was pro- tered the power of Russia, conquered Ser- Ally and readily gave the British and bia and defeated British attacks on Tur- French permissiion to occupy Salonica, key. Any compromise peace which she where troops which had been intended for might secure would now give her the domi- Gallipoli were landed and hurried into Sou- nation of the entire East, and it was nat- thern Serbia. King Constantine, however, ural that German diplomatic efforts hence- was married to the Kaiser's sister and forth should be directed toward compro- strongly under German influence. He dis- mise. missed Venizelos. who eventually organiz- The opening of 1916, however, brought ed a revolutionary government at Salonica an Allied success in a remote field which and declared war on Bulgaria, but Greece revived the hope of Russian recuperation. as a whole did not enter the war until the The Grand Duke Nicholas, after his remov- abdication of Constantine was forced in al from the chief command, was assigned June, 1917. to the Caucasus front. He organized a The occupation of Salonica enabled the brilliant campaign in which he defeated British and French to advance up the Var- the Turks near the foot of Mount Ararat, dar valley as far as Gradsko, but they were captured Erzeroum in February, Trebi- too weak and too late. The Italians also at- zond in April and by July had advanced as tempted a diversion in Serbia's favor by at- far as Erzingam, occupying all of Eastern tacking strongly along the line of the Ison- Armenia. zo, but diversions were the only aid that The Armenians during 1915 had been could be given and they were not enough. the victims of an almost unbelievable cam- The Serbians, fighting desperately and with paign of extermination by the Turks with no thought of surrender, could do no more the Germans looking on. Out of a popula- than to beat off flanking movements which tion of about 4,000,000 more than 1,000,000 attempted to encircle them. A part of perished. The Russians were too late to their army retreated into Greece, but their save them, but at least a safe dwelling place main body made a frightful march across was provided temporarily for those who the mountains through Albania. Thou- had escaped. sands died of starvation and exposure. The The Russian diversion was also insuffi- famishing remnant, after reaching the cient to save the British force which had coast, was transported by the Italians to been under siege at Kut-el-Amara, on the the island of Corfu, where the troops were Tigris, since December 6, 1915. The Brit- reorganized and eventually taken back to ish had occupied the head of the Persian the Macedonian front to write a new and Gulf early in 1914 and continued to ad- 14 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR vance with light forces up the Tigris, em- their enormous losses, and this territory boldened by repeated victories, until by No- was mostly recovered in two or three swift vember, 1915, they were within 25 miles of blows during the fall and the following Bagdad. Near the ruins of ancient Ctesi- spring. phon, on November 22-24th, they met a Probably with the purpose of prevent- large Turkish army and were obliged to re- ing the British from aiding the French at treat 100 miles to Kut-el-Amara, where Verdun, the Germans on June 2d opened they had established an advanced base. A an offensive southeast of Ypres. The sec- narrow pass between the river and the tor attacked was held mainly by the Cana- swamps, a few miles farther down the dians, who suffered very heavy losses. They stream, was fortified by the Turks, and re- gave some ground at first, but at the end peated efforts of the British relief expedi- of two weeks had entirely recovered it. The tion during the winter failed to break Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infan- through this obstacle. His troops being re- try was virtually annihilated in this action. duced to starvation, therefore, General The British, however, under Sir Douglas Townshend, on April 28, 1916, was obliged Haig, had been preparing a blow which to surrender with 10,000 men. should not only end the pressure on Verdun, What had been the British relief army but should turn the tide of war in the west. remained before Sanna-y-Yat until the lat- On July 1st, after a bombardment of near- ter part of February, 1917. when at last ly two weeks they, with the co-operation of the drying of the flooded areas enabled it a French army on their right, assaulted the to outflank and defeat the Turks. Bagdad German lines on both sides of the Somme was taken two weeks later, and the Turks Canal. Both the British and French broke were driven back 100 miles farther, all of through along the canal and then, facing the lower Tigris and Euphrates valleys to the north, began a gruelling drive against falling into possession of the British. the exposed end of the German line. The Relieved from any immediate danger campaign lasted till well into the fall. Ev- from Russia and with Serbia conquered ery village, wood and farm had been con- and Turkey secure, the Germans planned verted by the Germans into a fortress. to open the campaign of 1916 in the west These had to be taken inch by inch. with a blow which, if it did not repeat the September 15th marked the introduction success against the Russians, would, at of a new invention—the "tank," a heavily least, force the French and British to com- armored traction engine which climbed over promise. The point selected for attack was ditches and lumbered across any ordinary Verdun, and the chief command was given obstacle, spraying death from its machine to the Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, guns as it advanced. In the first tank at- that the expected victory might reflect more tack the British took the villages of Flers, glory on the Hohenzollern house. The of- Martinpuich and Courcelette. This engine fensive began on February 20th and in the became the most important new invention opening days made alarming progress. Fort for use on land that was developed during Douaumont was taken on the 26th. The at- the war, and the Germans never were able tack then shifted to the district west of the to match it. Meuse and during much of March raged The battle was drowned out by the mud around Dead Man's Hill and Hill 304, shift- of late November with the British in pos- ing again to the east in the latter part of session of Combles and Thiepval and the the month, when Fort Vaux was taken. French commanding ruined Peronne. If The French, however, resisted so stubborn- it had not forced a general retreat, it had ly that the Germans had only a few square reversed the high hopes with which the miles of shell-wrecked ground to show for Germans had begun the year in the west. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 15

The confidence that the Russians could nians were beaten in the Dobrudja and by recover from the disasters of 1915 was sup- late October had lost their seaport, Con- ported early in June by the opening of an stansa. Falkenhayn drove them back offensive from the Pripet marshes to the across the mountains, defeated them first Roumanian border. The fortresses of at the Vulcan pass, then at Tirgu-Juil and, Lutsk and Dubno were recovered, Czerno- finally, in December, along the line of the witz was taken, all of Bukowina was occu- Argechu River. Bucharest was taken on pied, the Austrian line in Eastern Galicia December 6th. The campaign closed with was shattered and driven back, and by ear- the Roumanian army, shattered but still ly September the Russians were before plucky, holding a short front along the Halicz, triumphant, with nearly half of southern border of Moldavia. Galicia again in their possession and Lem- To aid the Roumanians an attack on the berg in imminent danger. Here, however, western part of the Macedonian front was the campaign stopped, probably because the delivered, mainly by the Serbian troops. supplies which had been accumulated for Monastir was taken on November 19th, but

it were running low. the Teutonic forces could not be driven far The German offensive plans for the enough back to put the city out of range of spring included a drive by the Austrians their guns, which continued to shell it for against the Italians in the Trentino. It the next year and a half. opened on May loth and by the 27th had The death of Emperor Francis Joseph taken Asiago. Here it was stopped. of Austria-Hungary on November 21st and In August, the Italians countered on the the succession of Lloyd-George as premier Isonzo, taking Gorizia and the Carso pla- of Britain in place of Mr. Asquith were teau, a formidable obstacle, the assault on two important governmental changes that which was like scaling the walls of a five- closed the year. story house. The battle cry of the French poilus at Encouraged by these successes and by Verdun, "They shall not pass," was descrip- the promise that a large Russian army tive of the entire war in 1916. Not only would support her, Roumania, on August at Verdun, but at Ypres, in the North Sea 28th, declared war on Austria-Hungary. and in the Italian Trentino, they did not Roumania's case was much like Italy's. She pass. And the successful counter-blows on sought the redemption of the Roumanian the Somme, in Galicia, and the Caucasus population which made up most of the in- and on the Isonzo gave offensive emphasis habitants of the Hungarian province of to the power of the Allies. Nowhere ex- Transylvania. Concentrating on their west- cept in the detached campaign against ern front, the Roumanians swept across Roumania had the Germans been able to the mountains and captured Kronstadt and repeat their successes of 1915. If the Rus- Hermanstadt. Meanwhile, however, their sians could have continued to develop the southern front was left weakly guarded. recuperative strength which they had Hindenburg had become chief of the Ger- shown in 1916, the campaigns of 1917 man staff. He sent Falkenhayn, his pre- might well have brought a decisive Allied decessor, to command the Austro-Hunga- victory. But intrigue and treachery had rians on the Roumanian western front and been at work in Russia. Mackensen to direct a blow from the Bul- It was probably a knowledge of the suc- garian side. The promised Russian army, cesses of their agents in Russia and an ex- which was to have swept into Bulgaria, pectation that the betrayal of Roumania amounted to only a few weak divisions, and was to be followed by a separate peace with they arrived late. This was the first evi- the Czar's government which gave the dence of Russian treason. The Rouma- Germans confidence to break their word to 16 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR the United States for the third time. On American merchantmen and the liner La- January 31st, they gave notice that after conic,, by which three American lives February 1st they would resume submarine were lost, removed all doubt on that point. ruthlessness. This was a contemptuous 'Feeling was further intensified by the dis- violation of both the Sussex and Arabic covery of a secret message from the Ger- pledges as well as of a special pledge, given man foreigh minister, Zimmermann, to in the Frye case, not to sink American the German minister to Mexico, directing ships. The Germans may have believed him to propose to Mexico an alliance with that the influence of friends in American Germany against the United States, and politics and the strong pacifist sentiment that Mexico should conquer Texas, Arizo- in the southern and western parts of the na and New Mexico and should attempt to country, which in the winter of 1916 had draw Japan into the plan. The President nearly put through Congress the McLemore then, on February 26th, proposed a resort resolution forbidding Americans to travel to "armed neutrality," asking authority to on foreign ships and had made a powerful arm American ships for defense but again appeal for an embargo on the export of mu- expressed the hope that it would "not be nitions, would prevent the United States necessary to put armed forces anywhere from entering the war under any provoca- into action." The opposition of twelve tion. They undoubtedly thought that, in senators prevented the granting of this au- any event, the United States, having made thority before the expiration of Congress no preparation, would be unable to send on March 4th, but the President proceeded troops to Europe in time to give effective to arm merchant ships under his general help to the Allies, and that might well have powers and called a special session of Con- happened, if a separate peace with Russia gress to meet on April 2d. More ships had in the spring of 1917 had permitted Ger- been sunk in the meantime, and there was many to make the concentration on the wes- no further hesitation. When the President tern front which she effected a year later. asked Congress to declare war, however, he This time the Germans did not attempt based his action, not alone on the special to hold off the United States with diplomat- grievances of the United States, but on the ic notes and new promises, although given general course of the German government, ample opportunity to do so. President which he called a "challenge to all man- Wilson, when he severed diplomatic rela- kind." He denounced the German autoc- tions on February 3d, still declared his un- racy as "the natural foe of liberty" and willingness to believe that the Germans asked for action because "the world must would actually do as they threatened. The be made safe for democracy." sinking of several ships, including two

$%Sm&&s#gM %$& OFF AT DAWX FOR A TRIP OVER THE LINES GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 17

President Wilson's War Message to Congress

Gentlemen of the Congress: hospital ships and ships carrying relief to I have called the Congress into extra- the sorely bereaved and stricken people of ordinary session because there are serious, Belgium, though the latter were provided very serious, choices of policy to be made, with safe conduct through the prescribed and made immediately, which it was nei- areas by the German Government itself and ther right nor constitutionally permissible were distinguished by unmistakable marks that I should assume the responsibility of of identity, have been sunk with the same making. reckless lack of compassion or of princi- On the 3d of February last I officially ple. laid before you the extraordinary an- I was for a little while unable to believe nouncement of the Imperial German Gov- that such things would in fact be done by ernment that on and after the first day of any government that had hitherto sub- February it was its purpose to put aside scribed to humane practices of civilized all restraints of law or of humanity and nations. International law had its origin use its submarines to sink every vessel that in the attempt to set up some law which sought to approach either the ports of would be respected and observed upon the Great Britain and Ireland or the western seas, where no nation has right of domin- coasts of Europe or any of the ports con- ion and where lay the free highways of the trolled by the enemies of Germany within world. By painful stage after stage has the Mediterranean. That had seemed to that law been built up, with meagre enough be the object of the German submarine results, indeed, after all was accomplish- warfare earlier in the war, but since April ed that could be accomplished, but always of last year the Imperial Government had with a clear view, at least, of what the somewhat restrained the commanders of heart and conscience of mankind demanded. its undersea craft, in conformity with its This minimum of right the German Gov- promise, then given to us, that passenger ernment has swept aside, under the plea boats should not be sunk and that clue warn- of retaliation and necessity and because

ing would be given to all other vessels it had no weapons which it could use at sea

which its submarines might seek to destroy, except these, which it is impossible to em- when no resistance was offered or escape ploy, as it is employing them, without attempted, and care taken that their crews throwing to the wind all scruples of human- were given at least a fair chance to save ity or of respect for the understandings their lives in their open boats. The pre- that were supposed to underlie the inter- cautions taken were meagre and haphaz- course of the world. ai'd enough, as was pi-oved in distressing in- I am not now thinking of the loss of stance after instance in the progress of the property involved, immense and serious as

cruel and unmanly business, but a certain that is, but only of the wanton and whole- degree of restraint was observed. sale destruction of the lives of non-com- The new policy has swept every restric- batants, men, women and children, engaged tion aside. Vessels of every kind, whatever in pursuits which have always, even in the their flag, their character, their cargo, their darkest periods of modern history, been destination, their errand, have been ruth- deemed innocent and legitimate. Proper- lessly sent to the bottom without warning ty can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and and without thought of help or mercy for innocent people can not be. The present those on board, the vessels of friendly neu- German submarine warfare against com- trals along with those of belligerents. Even merce is a warfare against mankind. 18 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

It is a war against all nations. Ameri- ed as beyond the pale of law and subject can ships have been sunk, American lives to be dealt with as pirates would be. Armed taken, in ways which it has stirred us very neutrality is ineffectual enough at best; in deeply to learn of, but the ships and peo- such circumstances and in the face of such ple of other neutral and friendly nations pretensions it is worse than ineffectual; it have been sunk and overwhelmed in the is likely only to produce what it was meant waters in the same way. There has been to prevent ; it is practically certain to draw no discrimination. us into the war without either the rights The challenge is to all mankind. Each or the effectiveness of belligerents. There nation must decide for itself how it will is one choice we can not make, we are inca- meet it. The choice we make for ourselves pable of making ; we will not choose the must be made with a moderation of coun- path of submission and suffer the most sa- sel and a temperateness of judgment be- cred rights of our nation and our people to fitting our character and our motives as a be ignored or violated. The wrongs against nation. We must put excited feeling away. which we now array ourselves are no com- Our motive will not be revenge or the vic- mon wrong; they cut to the very roots of torious assertion of the physical might of human life. the nation, but only the vindication of right, With a profound sense of the solemn and of humane right, of which we are only a and even tragical character of the step I single champion. am taking and of the grave responsibilities When I addressed the Congress on the which it involves, but in unhesitating obe-

26th of February last I thought that it dience to what I deem my constitutional would suffice to assert our neutral rights duty, I advise that the Congress declare the with arms, our right to use the seas against recent course of the Imperial German Gov- unlawful interference, our right to keep our ernment to be in fact nothing less than war people safe against unlawful violence. But against the Government and people of the armed neutrality, it now appears, is im- United States ; that it formally accept the practicable. Because submarines are in ef- status of belligerent which has thus been fect outlaws, when used as the German thrust upon it ; and that it take immediate submarines have been used against mer- steps not only to put the country in a more chant shipping, it is impossible to defend thorough state of defense, but also to exert ships against their attacks as the law of all its power and employ all its resources nations has assumed that merchantmen to bring the Government of the German would defend themselves against priva- Empire to terms and end the war. teers or cruisers, visible craft giving chase What this will involve is clear. It will upon the open sea. It is common prudence involve the utmost practicable co-operation in such circumstances, grim necessity in- in counsel and action with the Govern- deed, to endeavor to destroy them before ments now at war with Germany, and, as they have shown their own intention. They incident to that, the extension to those Gov- must be dealt with upon sight, if dealt with ernments of the most liberal financial cred- at all. its, in order that our resources may so far The German Government denies the right as possible be added to theirs. of neutrals to use arms at all within the It will involve the organization and mob- areas of the sea which it has prescribed, ilization of all the material resources of even in the defense of rights which no mod- the country to supply the materials of war ern publicist has ever before questioned and serve the incidental needs of the na- their right to defend. The intimation is con- tion in the most abundant and yet the most veyed that the armed guards which wT e have economical and efficient way possible. placed on our merchant ships will be treat- It will involve the immediate full equip- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 19 ment of the navy in all respects, but partic- responsibility of conducting the war and direct- ularly in supplying it with the best means safe-guarding the nation will most of dealing with the enemy's submarines. ly fall. these deeply It will involve the immediate addition While we do these things, clear, and to the armed forces of the United States, momentous things, let us be very already provided for by law in case of war, make very clear to all the world, what our of at least 500,000 men, who should, in my motives and our objects are. My own opinion, be chosen upon the principle of thought has not been driven from its habit- universal liability to service, and also the ual and normal course by the unhappy authorization of subsequent additional in- events of the last two months, and I do not crements of equal force so soon as they believe that the thought of the nation has may be needed and can be handled in train- been altered or clouded by them. I have ing. exactly the same things in mind now that It will involve also, of course, the grant- I had in mind when I addressed the Sen-

ing of adequate credits to the Government, ate on the 22nd of January last ; the same

sustained, I hope so far as they can equit- that I had in mind when I addressed the ably be sustained by the present generation, Congress on the 3rd of February and on by well conceived taxation. the 26th of February. Our object now, as I say sustained so far as may be equit- then, is to vindicate the principles of peace able by taxation, because it seems to me and justice in the life of the world as

that it would be most unwise to base the against selfish and autocratic power, and credits, which will now be necessary, en- to set up among the really free and self- tirely on money borrowed. It is our duty, governed peoples of the world such a con-

I most respectfully urge, to protect our cert of purpose and of action as will hence- people, so far as we may, against the very forth insure the observance of those prin- serious hardships and evils which would ciples. be likely to arise out of the inflation which Neutrality is no longer feasible or de- would be produced by vast loans. sirable where the peace of the world is in- In carrying out the measures by which volved and the freedom of its peoples, and these things are to be accomplished we the menace to that peace and freedom lies should keep constantly in mind the wisdom in the existence of autocratic governments, of interfering as little as possible in our backed by organized force which is con- own preparation and in the equipment of trolled wholly by their will, not by the will our military forces with the duty—for it of their people. We have seen the last of will be a very practical duty—of supplying neutrality in such circumstances. We are the nations already at war with Germany at the beginning of an age in which it will with the materials which they can obtain be insisted that the same standards of con- only from us or by our assistance. They duct and of responsibility for wrong done are in the field and we should help them in shall be observed among nations and their every way to be effective there. governments that are observed among the I shall take the liberty of suggesting, individual citizens of the civilized States. through the several executive departments We have no quarrel with the German of the Government, for the consideration of people. We have no feeling toward them your committees, measures for the accom- but one of sympathy and friendship. It plishment of the several objects I have was not upon their impulse that their Gov- mentioned. I hope that it will be your ernment acted in entering this war. It pleasure to deal with them as having been was not with their previous knowledge or framed after very careful thought by the approval. It was a war determined upon branch of the Government upon whom the as wars used to be determined upon in the 20 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR old, unhappy days, when peoples were no- political structure, long as it had stood and where consulted by their rulers and wars terrible as was the reality of its power, was were provoked and waged in the interest not in fact Russian in origin, character, or of dynasties or of little groups of ambiti- purpose: and now it has been shaken off ous men, who were accustomed to use their and the great, generous Russian people fellow men as pawns and tools. have been added, in all their naive majesty

Self-governed nations do not fill their and might, to the forces that are fighting neighbor States with spies or set the course for freedom in the world, for justice and of intrigue to bring about some critical pos- for peace. Here is a fit partner for a ture of affairs which will give them an op- League of Honor. portunity to strike and make conquest. One of the things that has served to con- Such designs can be successfully worked vince us that the Prussian autocracy was out only under cover and where no one has not and could never be our friend is that the right to ask questions. Cunningly con- from the very outset of the present war it trived plans of deception or aggression, has filled our unsuspecting communities, carried, it may be, from generation to gen- and even our offices of government, with eration, can be worked out and kept from spies and set criminal intrigues everywhere the light only within the privacy of courts afoot against our national unity of counsel, or behind the carefully guarded confidence our peace within and without, our indus- of a narrow and privileged class. They tries and our commerce. Indeed, it is now are happily impossible where public opin- evident that spies were here even before ion commands and insists upon full infor- the war began; and it is unhappily not a mation concerning all the nation's affairs. matter of conjecture, but a fact proven in A steadfast concert for peace can never our courts of justice, that the intrigues be maintained except by a partnership of which have more than once come perilous- democratic nations. No autocratic govern- ly near to disturbing the peace and dislocat- ment could be trusted to keep faith within ing the industries of the country, have been it or observe its covenants. It must be a carried on at the instigation, with the sup- league of honor, a partnership of opinion. port, and even under the personal direction

Intrigue would eat its vitals away ; the plot- of official agents of the Imperial Govern- tings of inner circles who could plan what ment accredited to the Government of the they would and render account to no one United States. would be a corruption seated at its very Even in checking these things and trying heart. Only free peoples can hold their to extirpate them we have sought to put purpose and their honor steady to a com- the most generous interpretation possible mon end and prefer the interest of man- upon them because we knew that their kind to any narrow interest of their own. source lay, not in any hostile feeling or Does not every American feel that as- purpose of the German people toward us surance has been added to our hope for the (who were, no doubt, as ignorant of them future peace of the world by the wonder- as we ourselves were), but only in the sel- ful and heartening things that have been fish designs of a Government that did what happening within the last few weeks in it pleased and told its people nothing. But Russia? Russia was known by those who they have played their part in serving to knew her best to have been always in fact convince us at last that that Government democratic at heart in all the vital habits of entertains no real friendship for us, and her thought, in all the intimate relations of means to act against our peace and securi- her people that spoke their natural instinct, ty at its convenience. That it means to stir their habitual attitude toward life. The up enemies against us at our very doors, autocracy that crowned the summit of her the intercepted note to the German Min- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 21 ister at Mexico City is eloquent evidence. the reckless and lawless submarine war- We are accepting this challenge of hos- fare, adopted now without disguise by the tile purpose because we know that in such Imperial German Government, and it has a Government, following such methods, we therefore not been possible for this Govern- can never have a friend ; and that in the ment to receive Count Tarnowski, the Am- presence of its organized power, always bassador recently accredited to this Gov- lying in wait to accomplish we know not ernment by the Imperial and Royal Gov- what purpose, can be no assured security ernment of Austria-Hungary ; but that for the democratic governments of the Government has not actually engaged in world. We are now about to accept the warfare against citizens of the United gauge of battle with this natural foe to lib- States on the seas, and I take liberty, for erty and shall, if necessary, spend the the present at least, of postponing a discus- whole force of the nation to check and nul- sion of our relations with the authorities lify its pretensions and its power. We are at Vienna. We enter this war only where glad, now that we see the facts with no we are clearly forced into it because there veil of false pretense about them, to fight are no other means of defending our rights. thus for the ultimate peace of the world and It will be all the easier for us to conduct for the liberation of its peoples, the Ger- ourselves as belligerents in a high spirit of man peoples included ; for the rights of na- right and fairness because we act without tions, great and small, and the privileges animus, not with enmity toward a people of men everywhere to choose their way of or with the desire to bring any injury life and of obedience. or disadvantage upon them, but only in The world must be made safe for democ- armed opposition to an irresponsible Gov- racy. Its peace must be planted upon the ernment which has thrown aside all con- tested foundations of political liberty. We siderations of humanity and of right and is have no selfish ends to serve. We desire running amuck. no conquest, no dominion. We seek no in- We are, let me say again, the sincere demnities for ourselves, no mateiial com- friends of the German people, and shall de- pensation for the sacrifices we shall freely sire nothing so much as the early re-estab- give. We are but one of the champions of lishment of intimate relations of mutual the rights of mankind. We shall be satis- advantage between us, however hard it may fied when those rights have been made as» be for them for the time being to believe secure as the faith and the freedom of na- that this is spoken from our hearts. We tions can make them. have borne with their present Govern- Just because we fight without rancor and ment through all these bitter months be- without selfish object, seeking nothing for cause of that friendship, exercising a pa- ourselves but what we shall wish to share tience and forbearance which would other-

with all free peoples, we shall, I feel confi- wise have been impossible. dent, conduct our operations as belligerents We shall happily still have an opportuni- without passion and ourselves observe with ty to prove that friendship in our daily at- proud punctilio the principles of right and titude and actions toward the millions of fair play we profess to be fighting for. men and women of German birth and na- I have said nothing of the Government tive sympathy who live among us and share

allied with the Imperial Government of our life, and we shall be proud to prove it Germany because they have not made war toward all who are in fact loyal to their upon us or challenged us to defend our neighbors and to the Government in the right and our honor. The Austro-Hunga- hour of test. They are most of them as rian Government has, indeed, avowed its true and loyal Americans as if they had unqualified indorsement and acceptance of never known any other fealty or allegi- ;

22 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ance. They will be prompt to stand with raised by popular bond issue, and war ac- us in rebuking and restraining the few who tivities began on an enormous scale. A may be of a different mind and purpose. naval contingent reached Great Britain on If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt May 4th and at once began patrol work with with a firm hand of stern repression against submarines. General John G. but, if it lifts its head at all, it will lift it on- Pershing was appointed to command the ly here and there and without countenance army. He landed in France with his staff except from a lawless and malignant few. on June 13th. The first contingent of reg- It is a distressing and oppressive duty, ular troops arrived on the 26th. More gentlemen of the Congress, which I have than a year passed, however, before the performed in thus addressing you. There United States began to take an active part are, it may be, many months of fiery trial at the front. and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful Cuba followed the course of the United thing to lead this great, peaceful people in- States at once. Brazil immediately severed to war, into the most terrible and disas- diplomatic relations, but did not declare trous of all wars, civilization itself seeming war till October. Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, to be in the balance. Ecuador and Santo Domingo either severed But the right is more precious than diplomatic relations or otherwise indicated peace, and we shall fight for the things their sympathy with the United States. which we have always carried nearest our Siam declared war in July, and China in hearts—for democracy, for the right of August. Panama, Hayti, Guatemala, Cos- those who submit to authority to have a ta Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua all de- voice in their own governments, for the clared war. Even the little negro republic rights and liberties of small nations, for a of Liberia came in. The world was at war. universal dominion of right by such a con- Meanwhile, startling events had been cert of free peoples as shall bring peace happening in Russia. The extent to which and safety to all nations and make the the ministers who controlled the Czar had world itself at last free. committed themselves to a separate peace To such a task we can dedicate our lives with Germany is uncertain, but there is no and our fortunes, everything that we are question that the government had fallen and everything that we have, with the into the hands of a reactionary group of pride of those who know that the day has bureaucrats and that German intrigue had come when America is privileged to spend made great headway with them. It is her blood and her might for the principles equally certain that the leaders of the army that gave her birth and happiness and the and the douma were strongly patriotic. peace which she has treasured. The army was being supported mostly by God helping her, she can do no other. the organization of zemstvoes. The gov- Woodrow Wilson. ernment, from incompetence or treachery or both, had completely broken down. The Read at joint session of the Congress, at people were starving and were becoming Washington, April 2, 1917. riotous. The declaration of war was adopted on The Czar was summoned from his staff April 6th with six opposition votes in the headquarters at Moghileff. When the meet- senate and 50 in the house. ing of the council at which he presided ad- In addition to providing for a large in- journed, he had given his royal word that crease in the Regular army and National before he slept that night he would sign Guard by voluntary enlistment, a general edicts granting to Russia a responsible conscription of all men between the ages ministry and a constitution. That night of 21 and 31 was ordered. Money was he was privately visited by Protopopoff, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 23 minister of the interior and credited with minister of justice was an impractical So- being the head of the German influence cialist orator named Kerensky. One of his since the murder of the mystic monk Ras- first decrees, which was distributed direct- putin a few weeks before. He had as an ly to the soldiers without the knowledge of ally the Czarina, a German woman and rel- the officers, broke down discipline at a ative of the Kaiser, who was probably stroke. Fraternization opened wide the chiefly responsible for what followed. In- doors to German agents, and from the tene- stead of the promised edicts, there was pub- ments of New York and Chicago and the lished a decree dissolving the douma and exile colonies of Switzerland came a horde ordering General Ivanoff, a staunch impe- of still more dangerous enemies, mysteri- rialist, to Petrograd "to take over all power ously risen from poverty to comparative of administration as dictator." affluence, who were soon to take the name, There was no further attempt at compro- Bolsheviki. mise. The douma refused to disperse. A Nevertheless, Brusiloff opened an offen- provisional government was organized. The sive in Galicia in July, and at the start populace raged in the streets, but the sol- made encouraging progress. Only a few diers, in the main, refused to oppose the of the troops, however, were reliable. Most people, as did their commander, General of them began to hold meetings of soldiers' Korniloff. It was not by resolutions of the committees to debate whether they should douma politicians or by demonstrations of obey commands. The counter-blow gave mobs, however, that revolution was really the Germans, for the first time in the war, effected, but by the decision of the army the satisfaction of seeing an army flee be- chiefs. Brusiloff at once telegraphed his fore them in disorganized rout, abandon- adherence to the revolutionary government, ing cannon and supplies. All Galicia was Korniloff placed the Czarina under arrest, lost. Brusiloff resigned, broken-hearted. and it was Ruzsky, commander of the nor- Korniloff, who was appointed to succeed thern front, who stopped the Czar's train him. within a month attempted to over- at Pskoff, where, on March 15th, the auto- throw Kerensky, who had now become dic- crat of all the Russians was compelled to tator. His soldiers would not support him sign his abdication. To these three bril- and he was arrested. Two months later liant leaders of the 1914-16 campaigns, the it was Kerensky's turn to fall before the Allied world owes a debt of gratitude forces which his folly had developed, and which it has ill appreciated. Their adher- the Bolsheviki under Lenine and Trotzky ence and that of Alexieff, the chief of staff, were in power. gave to the revolution the physical power The situation was now in the hands of which made resistance useless. They may the Germans, but they chose to play with have had little interest in internal reforms, it for a time. Even after an armistice was but they knew that the army was being be- signed and the Bolsheviki had proclaimed trayed to the enemy. Whatever motives the end of the war, the Germans attacked may have inspired others, theirs were the them and drove them from the Baltic pro- acts of men devoted to the Allied cause. It vinces. The Germans might have entered is a melancholy reflection that, like many Petrograd had they chosen. They imposed other Russian army officers, they soon af- new peace terms which provided for the terward became martyrs. break-up of Russia into a number of states, The Russian revolution delayed for near- the surrender of the western part of the ly a year the separate peace on which the country and the payment of a large indem- Germans undoubtedly had counted, but the nity. new regime afforded fertile ground for the The Ukrainians, who had been subjected Germans to work in a different way. The to an independence propaganda, directed 24 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR from Germany since the beginning of the bor of Belgian and French civilians and of war. anticipated the Bolsheviki by a few prisoners. It curved southeast from Ar- days in making their separate peace and ras, running a little west of Cambrai, Saint were rewarded by having their entire coun- Quentin and La Fere till it joined the old try immediately occupied and plundered by line on the Ailette. Before retiring, the German and Austrian troops under pre- Germans systematically devastated the en- tense of protecting them from the Bolshe- tire country between their old and new viki. fronts—a strip six to eight miles wide. Deserted Roumania had no choice but to Every village and farm was burned or sign such terms of peace as she could get. blown up, wells were poisoned, even the Finland accepted the Germans. fruit and shade trees were cut down. The Siberia was saved by some thousands of able-bodied inhabitants of both sexes were Czecho-Slovaks, who had gone over from carried off into slavery and only a few the Austrian to the Russian side early in starving old men, women and children, pil- the war and who now successfully resisted laged even of the scanty supplies which the the attempt of the Bolsheviki to deliver Allied relief commission had given them, them to Austria. To aid them, the Japa- were left behind. It was a German corre- nese, with small American and British con- spondent who gloatingly described this re- tingents, landed at Vladivostok and during gion as "the empire of death." August and September, 1918, occupied Eas- The Allies detected the German with- tern Siberia. A small British and Ameri- drawal late in February, but the devasta- can force was also landed at Archangel in tion was such that more than a month was August, 1918, to prevent supplies, accumu- required to occupy the abandoned country lated there, from falling into the hands of and all of the following summer to recon- the Germans. Although no insult, aggres- struct it sufficiently to permit military op- sion or appeal of self-interest had been able erations against the Hindenburg line. The to induce the Lenine-Trotzky government British preparation for a spring offensive to offer any resistance to the Germans, they however, had not been on the Somme sec- met these moves by promptly declaring tor, but farther north, between Arras and that a state of war existed with the En- Lens. Here they opened a brilliant attack tente governments and the United States, on April 9th, carrying Vimy Ridge in a and in the north they organized under Ger- single magnificent rush and towns farther man officers a strong resistance, which was east in the succeeding days, including the continued even after Germany had given city of Lievin, the western suburb of Lens. up. At about the same time the French be- These later events in Russia, however, gan the second battle of the Aisne. The had little effect on the war as a whole. chief command of the French armies had From the day of the accession of the Bol- passed in the preceding December from sheviki Russia ceased to be a factor in the General Joffre to General Robert Nivelle, war for human liberty, except as she be- who had won great fame at Verdun. It came a hostile factor. was he who directed this battle. The en- The battle of the Somme had been tire German first line was taken in the open- brought to a halt by rain and mud in the ing rush, and in the succeeding three weeks fall of 1916. but it had pierced the German the French captured such strong points as front so far as to make the line between Vailly, Fort de Conde, Craonne and, final- Arras and the river Oise no longer ten- ly, the greater part of the Chemin des able. During the winter Hindenburg caus- Dames, driving the Germans back to the ed a new line of trenches and entangle- Ailette River. Although his success had ments to be built, mostly by the forced la- been brilliant and he appeared on the eve GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 25 of still greater triumphs, Nivelle was re- der machines of little military use, and the moved from command, nominally because chances of terrible death for the crews his losses had been so heavy as to alarm soon became greater than the prospects of the government lest his rashness should gaining any advantage by using them. The exhaust French man-power. He was suc- exact number destroyed is uncertain, but ceeded by the very competent General Pe- the Allies had records of at least sixteen tain, who, after resting and reforming his prior to this sensational event of October armies during the summer, resumed the at- 20th. tack in October, taking Fort de Malmaison If the Russian revolution delayed Ger- and completing the conquest of the Chemin man plans for an offensive concentration in des Dames. With these exceptions, no im- the west, the triumph of the Bolsheviki portant operations were attempted by the came early enough to enable the Germans French during 1917. to spare forces for an attempt to crush Marshal Haig continued the tactics which Italy. The Italians had begun an offensive had proved so successful at Vimy by attack- on the Isonzo in May, which gained some ing Messines ridge, north of Armentieres, ground, and heavy fighting occurred all on June 9th. The German positions had along the Italian front during most of the been mined and the explosion was so tre- summer. In August they made their great- mendous that it was heard as far away as est effort of the war up to that time. They London. The ridge was easily carried. crossed the Isonzo above Gorizia and in six The British then shifted their concentra- days of terrific fighting expelled the Aus- tion still farther to the north and on July trians from the supposedly impregnable 31st began the fourth battle of Ypres. The Bainsizza plateau, taking the dominating plan here followed was to strike for limit- peak of Monte Santo. Monte San Gabriele ed objectives, organize the positions gained, was taken three weeks later, and it ap- advance the artillery and after a sufficient peared that the Italians not only had Trieste interval repeat the operation. No less than in their grasp, but would break completely twelve of these separate attacks were made through to Laibach. along the great curving front of the Ypres The Germans, however, were preparing salient between July and November. The a terrible counter-stroke. It fell on Octo- British invariably gained ground and by ber 21st at Caporetta, near Tolmino. Not November 6th they had taken Passchenda- only had the Italian leaders failed to de- ele, the last high ground remaining to the tect the concentration of German troops on Germans in Belgian Flanders, but the sea- this sector, in place of the less formidable son was now too late to admit of further Austrians who had hitherto opposed them, progress. but they had also been unable to prevent An epochal incident occurred on October the undermining of their own morale by 20th, when five German Zeppelins, return- the same kind of Socialist propaganda ing from a bombing raid on London, were which the Germans had employed with brought down by British and French air- such success in Russia. It was said that planes. This marked the inglorious end of the fraternizing soldiers had reached a com- an instrument of warfare on which the pact that neither side would obey orders Germans had counted greatly at the begin- to fight the other. Only the Italians kept ning of the war, since it appealed particu- the agreement, and some 250,000 of them larly to their hope that they could gain the paid the penalty by death or imprisonment. submission of their enemies by ruthless de- The disaster appeared overwhelming. struction of non-combatant life and prop- Not only were the Italians forced to aban- erty. The Zeppelins did frightful work don the Bainsizza and Carso plateaus and among civilians, but they were merely mur- Gorizia, but they were driven back across 26 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

the Venetian plain, first to the Tagliamen- peace with the Russians now enabled the to River, and then to the Piave. It appear- Germans to mass their forces on the wes- ed that Italy must suffer Russia's fate. Yet, tern front, as they had expected to do the without assistance, in a battle on the Piave year before. There appeared still to be only three weeks after their rout, the Ital- ample time, as the United States had sent ians brought the invaders to a stand. This less than 300,000 men to France and had was one of the most marvelous rallies in not even produced enough rifles and ma- military history. It was Italy's battle of chine guns to arm its levies, while it had the Marne, but in some respects an even hardly begun to turn out cannon, airplanes greater achievement, since the Italians had and other important material. The actual suffered a much more serious defeat than direction of the German armies now passed the French and British had endured prior to the Quartermaster General, von Luden- to the Marne. dorff, although Hindenburg remained chief Following this event, the United States, of staff. on December 7th, came to the support of The great offensive, of which the Allies Italy by declaring war on Austria-Hun- had received only the vaguest warning, gary. started on March 21st against the Fifth The most brilliant campaign of the year British army under General Gough near was fought in Palestine. After the con- La Fere. Gough's army broke under the quest of Serbia and the withdrawal of the blow. Its retreat forced it toward the north Eritish from Gallipoli, the Germans enter- and opened a steadily widening gap be- tained high hopes of carrying the war into tween the British and French. But the Egypt. Adopting the maxim that the best British General rallied a nondescript force defense is a strong offensive, the British of army workmen, cooks, attendants and moved out into the desert of Sinai and af- others, including an American battalion of

ter several sharp actions crossed it. They railroad track-layers, who became the first were obliged to construct a railroad and American troops actually to get into bat- water-supply system as they advanced, but tle. With the co-operation of the French by the end of October they had accumu- General Fayolle, the gap was thus closed, lated a sufficient force under General Alien- but the Germans in seven days had swept by to attack Gaza and Beersheba. Both over the entire territory abandoned the places were carried. Jaffa fell soon after- year before and had passed the old front ward, and on December 10th Jerusalem was of 1914-16, taking both Albert and Mont- occupied. The task which had baffled the didier. Lion-hearted Richard seven centuries be- The salient into which they had entered, fore was accomplished. however, was too narrow. For the pur-

To offset the Italian disaster, the Brit- pose of widening it they faced toward the ish on November 1st made their first at- north and on the 28th struck heavily south tack on the Hindenburg line before Cam- of Arras. If the British had given way brai. The line was fairly pierced, but by there, the entire front must have collapsed, counter-attacks during the next two weeks and the Germans could have driven on to the Germans rebuilt their front, leaving Amiens, if not to the sea, separating the the British in a sharp salient. French and British armies. But the Brit- The accession of Georges Clemenceau to ish held. the premiership of France in November A successful attack by the French be- brought new vigor to the conduct of the tween Lassigny and Noyon further nar- French government. rowed the salient, and while the Germans The Italian disaster had been the only made more attacks on both its sides and

reverse to Allied arms in 1917, but the its apex, they could not enlarge it. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

The disaster had the effect of bringing was supplying ships. As many as 300,000 the Allies at last to adopt the plan, long American troops per month had been land- under discussion, of putting all their ar- ed in France, and the reserves and replace- mies under a unified command, and the ments necessary to enable the units which French General Ferdinand Foch was chos- had been longest trained to take the field en for this leadership. Henceforth the ar- were at last available. The Americans had mies of all the Allied nations were handled repulsed several German trench raids, not- strategically as a single force. ably at Seicheprey on April 20th, and on After a short advance against the French May 29th the First American division had south of Chauny, intended probably to de- delivered a successful local offensive at ceive the Allies as to where the next blow Cantigny, near Montdidier. was to fall, the Germans on April 9th The time had come to put them to the struck again on the front before Armen- supreme test. On June 2d the Fifth and tieres. The Portuguese division, which was Sixth regiments of marines arrived before the first to receive the blow, broke. Ar- Chateau Thierry and on the 6th and 7th mentieres and the Messines ridge were ta- they sustained and repulsed an attack by ken, and on the 12th, Marshal Haig told the Prussian Guard. Taking the offensive his troops that they were fighting with on the 10th and 11th, the Second Division their backs to the wall and must hold at all drove forward into Belleau Wood, and by costs. Nevertheless, the Germans took the 13th the Germans realized that for the Mont Kemmel and Bailleul, driving a sal- moment, at least, their road was blocked. ient fifteen miles deep up the valley of the The open gateway to Paris had been closed. Lys River, before they were, finally, Following his plan of scattering his brought to a halt on the 29th. The arrival blows, Ludendorff now turned to a new sec- at a critical moment of a French reinforce- tor, and on June 9th attacked on a 20-mile ment demonstrated the value of the unified front between Noyon and Montdidier. This command. stroke, however, was comparatively weak, To shorten their front and protect their and although the Germans gained some flank, the British were obliged to retire ground, they were brought to a halt within from all the ground before Ypres which three days without succeeding in their pur- they had won in the preceding fall, but pose of widening the Marne salient. they still held the ruined city. Ludendorff now called on his ally to at- But the worst blow fell on May 27th tempt a diversion. On June 15th the Aus- along the Chemin des Dames, when the trians attacked along the entire line of the Germans in a single rush, not only carried Piave and in the adjoining mountain sec- the whole of that position, but swept on tor. They crossed the river at several points across the Aisne and the Ourcq. In five and for some days made progress, particu- days they were again on the Marne. Cha- larly on the Montello ridge, but the Itali- teau Thierry was taken on June 2d and the ans showed the same spirit that had stop- Marne was crossed in force. The road to ped the enemy the fall before, and by the Paris had apparently been opened. Never 25th the Austrians had been driven back before or afterward during the entire war across the river. The Italians followed up were French troops so completely broken. +heir success by clearing entirely the Piave But the events of the spring had at last delta, thereby relieving Venice from bom- aroused the United States to a realization bardment. This was the least successful of what it had to do, and there had been of any of the Teutonic drives of the year rushed into France forces on which the except the one which was immediately to Germans had little reckoned. France was follow. furnishing cannon and airplanes; Britain The Germans were still confident. Only 28 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR advanced forces had been stopped about ond, Third and 26th—took part in this bat- Chateau Thierry in June, and a position tle, making it the first in which American had been gained from which one more lunge troops had fought in the proportions of an as successful as any of the four which had army. They were, however, all brigaded been made since the season opened would with the French. certainly put Paris in German hands. The The success of Foch's attack on the west city had been intermittently shelled since side of the salient compelled the Germans March 23d by a marvelous new gun located to retreat from the Marne to the Ourcq. in the Saint Gobian forest, seventy-six Chateau Thierry was reoccupied on the miles away, but like most other German 21st, On the 29th and 30th the French and surprises, the weapon proved to be more Americans fought another severe battle in an instrument of murder than of war. the region of Sergy, the 42d, 28th and 32d From the Marne salient Paris could be divisions taking part. By August 3d the more effectively reached by long-range can- Germans had recrossed the Vesle, leaving non and all the area between the front and behind or blowing up a great part of the the capital could be shelled. During the enormous store of munitions which they month that he allowed his troops to rest, had piled up in the salient. The loss of Ludendorff accumulated an enormous quan- this material affected them seriously. The tity of material in the salient and massed 4th, 5th, 28th, 32d and 77th divisions par- reserves as thickly as the ground would ticipated in subsequent fighting on the permit. Vesle river. On July 15th the supreme effort began, Allowing the Germans no time for re- not only on the Marne, but also on the covery, the British under General Rawlin- Champagne sector between Reims and the son and the French under Debeney attack- Argonne. General Gouraud in the Cham- ed the front before Amiens on August 8th. pagne adopted the plan of withdrawing his Montdidier was recovered and the advance front line at the first attack to prepared swept forward for several clays until it was positions from which a withering fire was halted temporarily before Chaulnes and opened on the Germans as they advanced to Roye. occupy the abandoned ground. The at- On the 12th, Humbert's French army at- tack here, which many critics believed to tacked the great massif south of Lassigny, be the main one, failed completely. which had been lost a month before. By About Chateau Thierry the German ad- the 21st, Lassigny had been retaken, and vance gained some ground at first. Here the Germans were occupying their old the Third American division was in line. front between Lassigny and Noyon. Mean- This was, however, a battle of all nations, while, on the 17th, the attack had been ex- for, besides the main body of French, there tended east of the Oise by Mangin's army, were British and Italian divisions between which was soon in position to face east and Chateau Thierry and Reims and more hammer against the flank of the German American contingents with Gouraud. Three position on the Aisne and the Chemin des days of desperate attack left the Germans Dames. On the 21st Byng's British army virtually in their old positions. This time struck between Albert and Arras, regain- the Ludendorff tactics had failed. ing in one clay much of the ground for And now Foch was ready for a counter- which the British had fought six months blow. Massing his reserves along the west the year before. By the 29th the British side of the salient between Chateau Thier- were again across the Somme and the Ger- ry and Soissons, he delivered an attack on mans were in full retreat for the Hinden- the 18th which turned the tide of the war. burg line. Four American divisions—the First, Sec- On September 2d the first great outwork GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 29 of the Hindenburg line fell when the Brit- ly a sector of this great Allied line from ish smashed through the Drocourt-Queant the North Sea to the Tigris River. On switch line, against which they had ham- September 20th General Allenby attacked mered in vain the fall before. This was the Turks north of Jerusalem. Breaking one of the great feats of the war. through with his cavalry along the coast These successes along the Somme and he cut the Turkish communications at Na- the Oise and the Marne left the Germans zareth on the 22d. Those of the Turks who unable to support the troops in the Lys sa- did not surrender were driven across the lient. Mont Kemmel and Bailleul were re- Jordan into the desert, where they fell in- covered and the remainder of the salient to the hands of the Arabs. Virtually all was gradually eliminated with little effort. of their material in Palestine was captured. American troops of the 27th and 30th di- Damascus and Aleppo were occupied with- visions took part in these operations. out opposition, and on October 31st, after Staggering under this succession of re- seeing the surrender of what was left of verses, the Germans on the 12th received her army in Mesopotamia, Turkey followed another blow in an unexpected quarter the example of Bulgaria by throwing her- when General Pershing with an army, all self on the mercy of the Allies. American, except a single corps of French, On September 27th the British began attacked both sides of the Saint Mihiel sa- the preliminary bombardment of the Hin- lient. Saint Mihiel was retaken, the sa- denburg line. Brigaded with them were lient straightened out, and the Americans two American divisions—the 30th, from found themselves before Metz, having tak- North Carolina, South Carolina and Ten- en 16,000 prisoners and 443 guns with only nessee, and the 27th, made up of the New 7,000 casualties in their own ranks. The York National Guard and including the American divisions used were the 4th, 26th, 108th regiment, formerly the 74th of Buf- 1st, 42d, 89th, 2d, 5th, 90th and 82d. falo. It fell to the 30th, with the 27th sup- And now the Bulgarians were to learn porting on the left, to be the first to pierce that they had picked the wrong side. On the Hindenburg line. Australians and September 14th, General Franchet d'Es- British pressed the attack, and by October perey, who had succeeded General Serrail 8th the entire German front between Cam- in command of the Macedonian front, brai and Saint Quentin had been smashed. loosed the reorganized Serbian army in a On September 29th the Belgian army flank attack across supposedly impractica- was unleashed. With British, French and ble mountains east of Monastir. The Ser- American contingents co-operating, the bians penetrated the Cerna valley and Belgians quickly recovered the ground be- swept on to the Vardar. Part of the Bul- fore Ypres which had been abandoned by garian troops, with their supporting Aus- the British in the spring, and by October trian contingent, were driven northwest 18th Ostend, Zeebrugge and Bruges had toward Albania, where the Italians and been recaptured and the advancing line was French fell upon them. The main Bulga- before Ghent. The 37th and 91st were the rian positions in the Vardar valley about American divisions used in this operation. Lake Dorian were attacked, and the Brit- These successes forced the Germans to ish, French and Greek troops swept over evacuate the entire Lille-Lens district and them. Only sixteen days after the drive to fall back on Courtrai and Valenciennes. began, the Bulgarians sent commissioners The echoes of Saint Mihiel had hardly to General d'Esperey and surrendered at died out before General Pershing again at- his* dictation. The first of the four Cen- tacked on a new sector. There were now tral Powers was done for. more than 2,000,000 American troops in But the Macedonian front had become on- France of 3,665,000 that had been raised :

30 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR and the battle of the Meuse was fought peal to President Wilson, asking an armis- entirely by American forces, with no Allied tice and peace. Failing to receive an en- contingents, though the French co-operated couraging response, it sent commissioners by attacking vigorously west of the Ar- direct to General Diaz. The Italians occu- gonne. pied Trent, Rovereto and Trieste before The attack began on the front between they accepted the Austrian surrender on the Argonne forest and the Meuse River November 3d. on September 26th. In the course of the As early as October 6th Germany had battle the following divisions were used asked President Wilson to ascertain what The 77th, 28th, 35th, 91st, 37th, 79th, 80th, peace terms might be obtained, but is was 33d, 29th, 1st, 3d, 5th, 15th, 32d, 82d, 78th, not believed that she seriously meant to 42d, 90th, 89th, 4th and 2d. The German surrender. Continued Allied victories first line was carried in the opening rush. forced her to repeat the overture. The On October 4th a second general attack breaking of the Kreimhilde line and ap- was made and, by the 10th, the Argonne proach to Sedan threatened to cut off en- forest had been entirely cleared. The tirely the retreat of her armies in France Kreimhilde line, on which the Germans had and Belgium. On the 27th came a note depended for their final stand on this sec- saying that Germany awaited the Allies' tor, was penetrated on the 14th. On No- terms. The Allied war council on Novem- vember 6th, the Americans had reached ber 4th, agreed on the conditions which it a point on the Meuse opposite Sedan, but the would impose ; the Germans signed, and on honor of reentering that historic city was November 11th at 11 A. M. the armistice fittingly left to the French. went into effect. The Kaiser had abdicated The 77th division, made up of National two days earlier and fled to Holland. The Army troops mostly from New York and great war was ended. German imperial- Buffalo, had the left of the line, actually in ism had been crushed forever. the Argonne forest, from September 26th The Germans evacuated Belgium, Alsace- until after the capture of Grand Pre on Oc- Lorraine and Luxemburg, agreed to Allied tober 15th, when the 78th division, also occupation of the three principal Rhine New York troops, took position on its left. crossings at Mayence, Coblenz and Cologne The 77th remained in line until the armis- with the bridgeheads east of the Rhine op- tice on November 11th. posite these cities, surrendered the best of Forty German divisions had been used their cannon, machine guns, airplanes and up against 21 American divisions, many a great quantity of railroad and other of them composed of troops which were en- transportation material and turned over tering battle for the first time. the bulk of their fleet, including al] their The Americans then turned eastward, submarines. forced the passage of the Meuse and began The American losses reported up to May an advance toward the Briey coal fields, 14, 1919, were 45,815 killed in action, but meanwhile the British had taken Val- 23,015 by disease and 5,336 from other enciennes, Tournai and Maubeuge and the causes, 202,481 wounded, 4,534 prisoners French had made big advances on the and 3,718 missing. Marine corps losses, Aisne-Champagne front. The Germans 5,950. had had enough. As against this casualty total, the The war was not to end, however, with- American forces captured about 44,000 out one last success by the Italians. On prisoners and 1,400 guns, howitzers and October 27th they crossed the Piave and trench mortars. shattered the Austrian front. The Aus- The total British casualties were 3,049,- train government frantically sent an ap- 991, of whom 706,700 were killed. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 31

The French had 1,327,800 killed and more clarations finally involved the greater share than 3,000,000 wounded. of Europe by the end of the summer. The Italians lost 460,000 killed and Mad with the ruthless spirit of conquest 947,000 wounded. the Central Powers marched their armies The Russian casualties were roughly off to war in grand fashion, boasting that computed at 9,150,000 men of whom 1,700,- they would return by Christmas time, the 000 were killed. conquerors of Europe. Their amazing The German casualties were above preparations for the dream of world power 6,873,410, with 2,050,460 killed, and 4,207,- almost brought within their grasp the 028 wounded. The total Austrian casual- greedy ambition of the Junkers. ties were above 4,000,000. The initial success of the German army The losses of the smaller states were also in its advance through Belgium and on to- enormous. ward Paris astounded the world. England The total direct cost of the war was es- and France reeled and staggered before the timated at above $200,000,000,000. terrific onslaught of the famous Prussian When the World War ended on Novem- Guards and the other crack armies of the ber 11, 1918, the armed forces of 25 na- Central Powers. Swept off her feet almost tions of the globe had been hurling their by the spectacular aggression of the ene- armies against each other for more than my, the fate of France virtually hung from four years in the most colossal struggle of a thread as the invaders triumphantly history. After a conflict without parallel, swept on and on. it ended in its 52d month with a casualty Early in September, when they were total nearing the ten million mark. practically within reach of Paris, the tide Set off by the murder of an ordinary Aus- was turned against them in the battle of trian archduke on June 28, 1914, by a Ser- the Marne, September 6-10. The French bian political fanatic, the conflagration themselves attribute their good fortune at which had threatened the peace of Europe this point to the hand of the Almighty for decades was thus destined to embroil rather than to their superior military the leading powers of the world in the most strength at the time. This marked the costly and bloody strife known to man. enemy's point of farthest advance. After a month's diplomatic argument The atrocities of the advancing Huns over the affair, Austria formally opened during the months of their early triumphs hostilities with her declaration of war or. and conquest have been called infamous by Serbia. General mobilization followed conservative journalists and correspon- quickly in Russia ; a "state of war" was al- dents. Suffice to say, their bloodthirsty most immediately declared in Germany. ambition to rule and conquer the wor.d Then on August 1st Germany declared war knew no bounds, and that their acts and on Russia, following this with an ultima- deeds of disgrace will forever remain one tum to Belgium demanding that her troops of the darkest of the many blotches brought be given free passage across that country. on the German people during the European On August 3d, the Teutons included France war. in their list of enemies. This was follow- Believing that the United States had ed next day by an ultimatum to Germany no part to play in the war at that time, from Great Britain demanding that the President Woodrow Wilson, on August 4, neutrality of Belgium be respected. When 1914, officially proclaimed the neutrality this assurance was not granted by Emper- of the United States. The war was thus or Wilhelm, Great Britain declared war on confined to Europe for many months, a Germany. A quick succession of war de- struggle mainly between the two great Eu- 32 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ropean Alliances—the Triple Alliance com- The President and Congress, believing dif- posing Germany, Austria-Hungary and ferently, failed to act, and it was not until Italy, against the Triple Entente, compos- more sinkings of women and children that ing England, Russia and France. Italy, the United States decided to step into the originally a member of the Triple Alli- breach herself. ance, but later one of the chief powers of Regarded as a mere "bluff" by her ad- the Allies, did not enter the war until 1915. versaries, the United States' entrance ap- She then declared war on all of Germany's parently failed to cause undue anxiety in Allies, but did not break with Germany Berlin. With an unprepared democracy herself until late in 1916. Before the war for another enemy in which a great many she was a member of the Triple Alliance were believed to have been opposed to war, with Germany and Austria but severed this Germany had little cause for worry, she connection to fight with the Allies. declared. After the marvelous advances of the But America went to work. The act first year, the great battle line in Europe produced an electrical effect on her people remained practically stationary for nearly and almost instantly united her various fac- three years and extended over more than tions, creeds, parties, and nationalities for 300 miles. The large armies of each force one purpose—to crush Germany and her fought doggedly, suffered heroically and Allies. She became a workshop, with no died willingly, in a mighty death-grip hours, in her determination to end the Eu- whose battles surpassed the most famous ropean fight victoriously, and thus save de- of previous wars for loss of life and de- mocracy for the world. Every effort was struction of property. bended to the cause, every penny of wealth The superb Armies of the Russians in was eagerly held ready for the call, and ev- the Eastern theater kept the attention of a ery atom of energy was expended in her large German force occupied and away feverish haste to redeem mankind. from the Western Front. This fact aided Her sons by the hundreds of thousands the Allies tremendously and probably pre- rushed to the colors, as their fathers did vented a German Peace in the second and in the wars of their day, to see another vic- third years of the war. tory added to the flag which had never It was while France, England and Italy known defeat. That the distribution of were staggering before the last big offen- soldiers throughout the land might be as sive of the enemy early in 1918 that Amer- nearly equitable as possible, Congress pass- ica's force was thrown into the balance in ed the Selective Service Act in May, 1918, substantial numbers. the greatest mobilization machinery devel- Her declaration of war against Germany oped by any of the 25 nations at war. on April 6, 1917, grew out of the Central Naturally there were obstacles and de- Powers' failure to recognize the rights of lays. A nation's task in rising up over neutrals on the high seas. Repeatedly the night to send a formidable force three thou- rights of the United States were violated, sand miles overseas to fight for world free- and just as repeatedly Germany refused dom is not the kind that can be accomplish- to discontinue her ruthless program of ed without some disorder and delay. But

submarine warfare against the world. The loyalty and union did it, and on June 26, sinking of the Lusitania on May 7, 1915, 1917, only two months after the declara- without warning and with the loss of 1,154 tion of war, the first American doughboy lives, 114 of whom were Americans, was landed on French soil. On November 3, regarded by a great many as just cause 1917, the Yanks had their first clash with for a declaration of war against Germany. the Germans. On January 31, 1918, a re- —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 33 port reached America that American in- some millions during the year and a half fantrymen were occupying first line during which she was at war. No history trenches for the first time. of that war will ever have room for a just By this time the United States had de- story of the part played by the loyal home clared a state of war existing with Austria- folks—those who waited and prayed, and Hungary, Germany's chief ally, and had worked and gave, to keep the home fires swung her domestic machinery into the burning. greatest war machine conceivable. She had Foremost among the initial problems of begun to raise by popular bond subscrip- America, after preliminary plans for the tions billions of dollars to supply guns and raising of her army had been laid, was the munitions, and food and clothes, for the problem of transporting them to France. boys who were going over to France to do so that their strength might be thrown the job. against the Hun on the battlefield. Ship- Four Liberty Loans were floated during ping was not available, and even though the war, and the total subscriptions to it was being increased at maximum capac- these amounted to between eighteen and ity, still there was not more than half as nineteen billions of dollars. This amount much as was needed to transport the men was taken by more than 50 million sub- in the numbers they were being trained and scribers, and was to be only an insignifi- in the numbers they were needed by France cant factor in the financing of the war, ac- and England and Italy. cording to the Treasury Department. This England gladly placed her available cost when compared with the total cost of shipping at the disposal of the United the Civil War for four years—approxi- States, and before the war had ended she mately $4,000,000,000— is proof enough had carried more than one million Yanks that the World War was not comparable to the side of her own men and those of with any previous war in history. In the French, or nearly half of those who April, 1919, following the armistice, an- had gone overseas. other Fifth or Victory Loan of approxi- The story of the activities of America's mately the same dimensions as the Fourth, two million doughboys and marines in was floated. The wonderfully prompt and France is one which should be told in generous response of the nation to each of volumes rather than in paragraphs. From the calls of the Liberty Loans was one of the time of their first clash with the Ger- the greatest sources of inspiration for the mans on November 3, 1917, until they "let men in uniform who had gone to fight for go" the last unwelcome guests against those at home. The same patriotic gener- Fritz's lines early November 11, 1918 osity that marked the success of the Lib- their deeds are a succession of coura- erty Loan was evident in each of the scores geous and brilliant performances of duty. of war work drives that were conducted "When I think of their heroism, their for the various relief and welfare organi- patience under hardships, and their un- zations. flinching spirit of offensive action, I am Food conservation—conservation of filled with emotion which I am unable to man-power, the work or fight order, the express," General John J. Pershing declar- noble work of the women who sewed and ed in commending the officers and soldiers knitted night and day for the Red Cross of the line of the American Army. "Their and the boys, the curtailment of profits and deeds are immortal, and they have earned simple economy that was practiced by rich the eternal gratitude of our country." and poor alike, were but a few of the This simple tribute to the brave Ameri- many war-time measures that character- can lads who fought and died in France ized the life of America's hundred and is indicative of America's reverence for 34 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

her heroic armies. Their glory and fame in the American Army that it was almost will always live by the side of the deeds of universally adopted by the armies of the their forbears in previous wars. Allies before the war had ended. In May, 1917, shortly after war was de- "Our entry into the war found us with clared, General Pershing, well-known for few of the auxiliaries necessary for its his punitive expedition into Mexico, was conduct in the modern sense," General selected by the War Department to com- Pershing declared in his official report. mand the American Expeditionary Forces "Among our most important deficiencies that were to go to France. After gather- in material were artillery, aviation and ing about him a small staff the General set tanks. In order to meet our requirements sail. His reception in both England and as quickly as possible we accepted the of- France was only equalled by the readiness fer of the French Government to provide of the commanders of both armies to co- us from their own factories with the nec- operate with the United States in the prose- essary artillery equipment for thirty di- cution of the war, according to the Gen- visions. In aviation we were in the same eral's own report. situation and here again the French Gov- His general staff was organized in a ernment came to our aid until we were short time and detailed plans worked out able to get our own air service program for the organization and training of the under way. The necessary planes to train millions of American soldiers who were ex- the air service personnel were provided pected in France to help finish the Hun. and we secured from the French a total of Training areas, designed to give the final 2,676 pursuit, bombing and observation seasoning to fresh troops arriving from planes. The first planes to arrive from the States before their entry into the front America came in May, 1918, and a total lines, and officers' schools for the various of 1,379 were received during the war. The arms of the service were established. first American squadron completely equip- Extensive construction provided vast ped by American production, including warehouses, supply depots, munition store- airplanes, crossed the German lines on Au- houses, and the like for the huge task gust 7, 1918. For tanks we also were com- ahead. Although France offered much in pelled to rely upon the French. We were the way of both ordnance and quartermas- less fortunate here, however, for the rea- ter property for use by the American Ar- son that the French were scarcely able to my, still enormous quantities of materials meet their own production requirements of all kinds had to be brought across the in this respect. It should be remembered Atlantic. by every American that the French Gov- Flocking into the Army from civil life ernment always took a most liberal atti- were thousands of professional and busi- tude in endeavoring to supply the short- ness men with splendid talent along the ages existing in the American Army." lines needed to build up this immense ser- Speaking of the soldiers in Europe Gen- vice of supply that was to keep the A. E. eral Pershing outlines with words of praise F. in action. To meet the shortage of sup- the work done by the various welfare or- plies due to lack of shipping, representa- ganizations and of the responsive attitude tives of the various supply departments found among the soldiers by these organ- were constantly in search of supplies and izations. materials in Europe. A general purchas- "The welfare of the troops touches my ing agency was provided, in order to bet- responsibility as Commander-in-Chief to ter co-ordinate the purchasing and to pre- the mothers and fathers and kindred of the vent competition between departments of men who went to France in the impres- the army. So successful was this system sionable period of youth. They could not GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 35 have the privilege accorded the soldiers of own opinions, they themselves were not in- Europe during their leaves of visiting vincible. their relatives and renewing their home On August 30, 1918, the American forces ties. Fully realizing that the standard of took over the first American sector, in pre- conduct that should be established for them paration for the St. Mihiel offensive. The must have a permanent influence on their American line was soon extended across lives and the character of their future citi- the Meuse River to the west edge of the Ar- zenship, the Red Cross, the Young Men's gonne Forest. The concentration of tanks, Christian Association, the Knights of Co- aviation units, artillery equipment, and lumbus, the Salvation Army and the Jew- materials of all kinds for this first great ish Welfare Board, as auxiliaries in this American offensive was enormous. The work, were encouraged in every manner scores of elements of a complete army were possible. The fact that our soldiers, in a moulded together, with American railroad land of different customs and language, and American service of supply units have borne themselves in a manner in keep- throughout. The concentration included ing with the cause for which they fought, the bringing up of approximately 600,000 is due not only to the efforts in their be- troops. The French Independent Air half, but much more to other high ideals, Force, together with British bombing un- their discipline, and their innate sense of its and American Air forces, placed the self-respect. It should be recorded, how- greatest aviation personnel that ever took ever, that the members of these welfare so- part in any Western Front offensive under cieties have been untiring in their desire the direct command of General Pershing. to be of real service to our officers and On the day after they had taken the St. men. The patriotic devotion of these rep- Mihiel salient a great share of the corps resentative men and women has given a and army artillery that had operated in new significance to the Golden Rule, and that offensive were on the move toward the we owe to them a debt of gratitude that can area back of the line between the Meuse never be entirely repaid." River and the western edge of the Ar- The First Division of the American Ar- gonne. The German General Staff was my, after finishing its preliminary train- well aware of the consequences of an Amer- ing behind the lines, went to the trenches ican success along this line, and it was de- for the first time in October, 1917, as the termined to use every available American first contribution to the fighting forces of division in an effort to force a decision at the Allies. By the time that the great this point. The attack began on Septem- German offensive in Picardy began, on ber 26th. The work of the American army March 21, 1918, the American army had and of the American engineers in this four experienced divisions in the line. The drive will forever remain in the memory great crisis that this drive developed, how- of generations to come. Forcing their way ever, made it impossible for the Americans through the densely wooded and shell torn to take over a sector by themselves. Grad- areas, their fight was one of the most bril- ually, as their numbers increased and more liant battles of the war. The offensive reserves, fresh from the States, were placed was maintained until October 4th in the in training behind the lines, the American face of innumerable wooded patches of boys went in in substantial numbers. Al- snipers and concealed machine gunners. ready they had displayed their splendid Fresh troops with little experience were fighting qualities and had demonstrated thrown in with their seasoned comrades, that as soldiers they had no superiors. In- who had become veterans over night with cidentally, it did not take them long to this most crucial battle as their teacher. convince the enemy that contrary to their The second phase began with a renewed at- 36 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR tack all along the front on October 4th. more than skim over the various features More positions were taken with a precision of the great war machinery. The heroism and speed that always characterized the and gallantry of the boys who fought and

Yank army. Their dogged offensive was died over there ; the unceasing devotion and wearing down the enemy, who, continuing courage of the parents and citizens at desperately by throwing his best troops home who stood by them so unselfishly; against them, was helpless before the spec- and the determination of everyone, young tacular advance. and old, to unite for the common cause, At this juncture two divisions were dis- setting aside their personal desires and in- patched to Belgium to help the French ar- terests, was responsible for the glorious my near Ypres. On October 23d, the last victory in which America was so conspic- phase of the Meuse-Argonne offensive be- uously instrumental in bringing about. gan. Violent counter attacks by the ene- Outstripping a hundredfold the dimensions my cost him heavily, while a regrouping of any previous war of the United States, of the American force was going on for the the task accomplished was a revelation to final drive. Plain evidences of loss of mo- all when viewed in retrospect. The ac- rale in the enemy forces gave our men ad- complishments of the Liberty Loans, the ded courage and spirit, and finally, using devotion of the millions of mothers and sis- comparatively fresh divisions, the last ad- ters in behalf of the Red Cross, the won- vance was begun on November 1st. It derful response of the country to the ope- was apparent at this time that the end was ration of the Selective Service Act in rais- near for the Boche. Our increased artil- ing an army of millions—the sacrifices of lery support did remarkable work in sup- all, at home and abroad, were universal porting the infantry, which by its dashing during the year and a half at which Ameri- advance of the several weeks preceding ca was at war. had destroyed the Hun's will to resist. Loyalty and love of country were terms Between September 26th and Novem- with new meanings. Sedition was lurking ber 6th they had taken 26,059 prisoners only here and there, and this was prompt- and 468 guns on this front. ly done away with through the efficient The divisions engaged in this, the most secret service department and popular important of America's battles in the Eu- opinion. The four million American boys ropean war, were the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, who were under arms, many of them at the 26th, 28th, 29th, 32d, 33d, 35th, 37th, 42d, front and the remainder eager for the 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 82d, 89th, 90th and chance to jump in, convinced the world 91st. Many of these divisions remained that the fighting blood that gave birth to in line for a length of time that required their nation had not been diluted through nerves of steel while still others were put the riotous living of a century. The brave back in the line after only a few days of lads who gave their lives and are now rest. buried over there went to their fate with When the armistice was signed follow- hearts full of joy, and in a manner that ing a complete routing of the enemy by gave courage to the veterans of four years Americans in the Argonne Forest there who fought beside them. And their brave were in France, according to General Per- mothers in the States who waited in vain shing, approximately 2,053,347 troops, less for peace to bring their sons back to them, the casualties. Of this total there were made the greatest sacrifices within their 1,338,169 combatant troops. power with a courage and willingness that In this short summary of the principal was unequalled even by the Spartans them- activities of the United States' part in the selves. great war it is obviously impossible to When the history of the part taken by GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 37 the men from all countries, and of all na- of the part played by the men of Granville tionalities, in the great European struggle County in stamping out militaristic auto- is permanently written, there will be no cracy from the world, more brilliant chapters than those telling

E Company, 120th Infantry

Though the 120th Infantry saw heavy BATTLES fighting in a number of battles, the larger Holding lines in Vlamertinghe, Ypres part of its casualties occurred during the sector, from June 16, 1918, to September memorable engagement of the 29th of 4, 1918. Company fought in the following September, 1918, in the battle of Belli- named battles: Bellicourt, September 29, court, when the Hindenburg Line, until 1918; Brancourt, October 12, 1918, to Octo- then pronounced impregnable, was broken. ber 13, 1918; Montbrehain, October 13-14, The list of battles in which Company E 1918 ; Busigny, Mazengheim, St. Souplet, fought and its roster, including the casual- October 14 to October 20. 1918. ty list, as presented in this volume, was PLACES STATIONED AT prepared by Sergt. James J. Walters, com- pany clerk. Liverpool, England, May 27th. Folke- Company E, better known as the Gran- stone, England, May 28th, to May 29th, ville Grays, was the nucleus around which 1918. Calais, France, May 29, June 1, Company E, 120th Infantry, was built up. 1918. La Montre, June 1. to July 2, 1918. Before the war with Germany the Gran- Watton, July 2, July 3, 1918. Rubrouck, ville Grays constituted Company E, 3rd July 3, July 4, 1918. Herzeele, July 4, July Regiment, North Carolina National Guard. 10. 1918. Belgium, St. Jan Ter Biezen, It traces its history still further back to July 10, 1918, to July 15, 1918. Poperinghe, the War Between the States, in which it July 15 to July 16, 1918. Ypres, July 16 rendered distinguished service as Company to July 26. 1918. St. Jan Ter Biezen July D, 12th Regiment, C. S. A. 26, to August 2, 1918. Poperinghe, Au- gust 2, to August 10, 1918. St. Jan Ter Bi- ezen, August 10 to August 16, 1918. Pop- HEADQUARTERS E COMPANY, 120TH eringhe, August 16 to August 21, 1918. INFANTRY, AMERICAN EXPE- Ypres, August 21, to September 2, 1918. DITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, Poperinghe, September 2 to September 9,

MARCH 4, 1919 1918. Proven, September 6 to September 7, 1918. France—Wavrans, September 7, RECORD OF COMPANY E, 120TH IN- 1918. Framscourt, September 7 to Sep- FANTRY. FROM JULY 25, 1917, TO tember 17, 1918. Forceville, September 17 MARCH 10, 1919 to September 23, 1918. Tincourt, Septem- Left United States for foreign service ber 24, 1918. Hargicourt, September 24 to May 12, 1918. Arrived Liverpool, Eng- September 28. Bellicourt. September 29 to land, May 27, 1918. Arrived in France, October 1, 1918. Tincourt. October 1 to May 29, 1918. Left France July 4, 1918. October 2, 1918. Belloy, October 2 to Oc- Arrived Herzeele, Belgium July 4, 1918. tober 5, 1918. Tincourt, October 5 to Octo- Left Belgium for France September 7, ber 6, 1918. Bellicourt, October 6 to Octo- 1918. Arrived Wavrans, France, Septem- ber 8, 1918. Johncourt. October 8 to Octo- ber 7, 1918. ber 9, 1918. Estrees, October 9 to October 38 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

12, 1918. Brancourt, October 12 to October Hendley, J. Helmis, 1st Lieut., Columbia, 13, 1918. Montrebrehain, October 13 to S. C. Transferred from 3d division to October 14, 1918. Brancourt, October 14 30th division assigned to E company, 120th to October 16, 1918. Premont, October 16 infantry, transferred to St. Nazaire to ac- to October 17. 1918. St. Souplet, October company casuals to U. S. 17 to October 20, 1918. Busigny, October Hoefner, John J., 2nd Lieut., Elmira, N. 20, 1918. Nauroy, October 21 to October Y. Transferred to 30th division from ar- 22, 1918. Tincourt, October 22 to October my candidates school, Langres, France, 23, 1918. Heilly, October 23 to October November 6, 1918; transferred to 3rd divi- 24, 1918. Montigny, October 24 to No- sion January, 1919. vember 20, 1918. Beaumont, November 20 Huntzinger, Frank E., 1st Lieut., Noble- to November 21, 1918. Mezieres, November ville, Indiana. Transferred from I Com- 21 to December 8, 1918. St. Sabine, Decem- pany, this regiment, to E Company in Au- ber 8 to January 2, 1919. La Bazoge, Jan- gust, 1918; killed in action in battle of uary 2 to January 10, 1919. St. Sabine, Bellicourt September 29, 1918. January 10 to February 12, 1919. Soulegne, February 12 to February 13, 1919. For- Landis, William T., 1st Lieut., Oxford, warding Camp Le Mans, February 13, N. C. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, from Ser- 1919. geant December, promoted from 2nd 1917 ; Lieut, to 1st Lieut., February, 1919. Wound- ed in action while holding lines in Ypres ROSTER OF OFFICERS WHO HAVE sector, Belgium ; wounded again on Sep- SERVED WITH THIS COMPANY tember 29, 1918, in battle of Bellicourt. SINCE JULY 25, 1917, TO McConnell, Fred Y., 1st Lieut., Concord, MARCH 10, 1919 N. C. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, from 1st GIVING NAME, RANK AND ADDRESS Sergeant in July, 1918; assigned to A com- Bogar, Basil A., 2nd Lieut., Craston, pany, 120th Infantry, transferred to E Iowa. Transferred to 30th division and company in August, 1918, was slightly assigned to E Company, 120th Infantry, wounded on left cheek while holding lines in from 42nd division, November 5, 1918. Ypres, Belgium, later wounded in battle of Donovan, Percy J., 2nd Lieut., Detroit, Bellicourt on right cheek. Promoted to Mich. Assigned to company during the 1st Lieut, in October, 1918. Killed in ac- month of July, 1918, transferred to St. tion October 18, 1918, near Mazenheim, Nazaire, France, February 11, 1919. France, and buried near same place.

Ellington, James M., 1st Lieut., Oxford, Morey, Edward J., 2nd Lieut., Omaha, N. C. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, from 1st Neb. Attached to company while holding

Sergt., December, 1917; promoted from lines in Ypres sector, Belgium ; transferred 2nd Lieut, to 1st Lieut., August 31, 1918. to 92nd division. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- Murray, Edwin J., Captain, Niagara ber 29, 1918. Falls, N. Y. Transferred from 3rd divis-

Fuller, Elbert E., Captain, Oxford, N. ion to 30th division January, 1919 ; assign- C. Transferred to R. R. & C. service Sep- ed to E company, 120th infantry. tember 23, 1918. Poorman, Arthur G., Captain, Trans- Heald, Thomas J., 1st Lieut., Washing- ferred from A company, this regiment, to ton, D. C. Transferred to battalion head- E company, September 24, 1918; promot- quarters as battalion adjutant in August, ed to Captain September 30, 1918. Trans- 1918. ferred to officers training school La Val- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 39

JAMES M. ADCOCK WILLIE BENJAMIN ADCOCK Virgilina, Va. Oxford, N. C. Private, Company G, 166th Infantry Private, 1st class, Company H, 56th 42nd Division. Born November 26, 1894. Pioneer Infantry, Third Army Corps. Son of R. W. Adcock. Entered service Born September 19, 1895. Son of M. F. May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Adcock. Entered service August 9, 1918, Overseas nine months. Honorably dis- at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Overseas ten charged May 11, 1919. months. Honorably discharged July 5, 1919.

LEX A. ADCOCK R. F. D. 1, Moriah, N. C. LEE AIKEN Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born August 21, 1890. R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Son of J. B. Adcock. Entered service Oc- Private, Supply Company, 119th Infan- tober 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. try, 30th Division. Born February 4, 1893. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in Son of Rodger Aiken. Entered service battle of St. Quentin, France, October 10, September 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. 1918. Honorably discharged February 12, C. Overseas eleven months. Honorably 1919. discharged April 7, 1919. 40 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

borne, October 8, 1918 ; rejoined A com- Alfred, Charlie, Private, Bristol, Va. pany, 120th infantry, January 8, 1919. Alfrey, Lyther M., Private, Cogswell, Pouch, Harold F., 1st Lieut., New York, Ky. Transferred from 84th division to N. Y. Attached to company while holding 30th division and assigned to company E, lines in Ypres sector, Belgium ; transferred 120th Infantry, March 29, 1918. to 42nd division. Allwardt, Louis, Private, Plymouth, Wis. Pretlow, Barclay, 2nd Lieut., Franklin, Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Va. Attached to company while at Camp division and assigned to company E, 120th Sevier, Greenville, S. C. infantry, November 10, 1918.

Armes, Albert J., Private, Leslie, Ray, Carl, Captain, Brownsville, Texas. Ky. Transferred from 84th division, assigned Attached to company while at Camp Se- to 30th division, and company E, 120th in- vier, Greenville, S. C. fantry, March 29, 1918. Steagall, James I., Captain, Oxford, N. Armstrong, Clyde, Private, Stanley, Ky. C. Sent back to U. S. in August, 1918. Killed in action September 29, 1918, in bat- Promoted from 1st Lieut, to Captain in tle of Bellicourt. September, 1918. Anderson, Louis S., Corporal, Seymour, Taylor, James A., 1st Lieut., Oxford, N. Ind. Transferred from 84th division, as- C. Promoted from 2nd Lieut, to 1st Lieut, signed to 30th division, and company E, in November, 1918 ; transferred to head- 120th Infantry, March 28, 1918. quarters, 30th division, as aerial observer, Arthur, James I., Private, Otway, N. C. in August, 1918. Transferred to 120th infantry in December, 1918, as Regimen- Averett, Leland S., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. tal Intelligence Officer. Bane, Gaines N., Private, Rockwood, Tenn. ROSTER OF ENLISTED MEN WHO Bane, John H., Private, Rockwood, Tenn. HAVE SERVED WITH THIS COM- Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to duty in Novem- PANY SINCE JULY 25, 1917, TO ber, 1918. MARCH 10, 1919 Bare, Curby, Private, Wagoner, N. C. GIVING NAME, RANK AND ADDRESS Transferred from 81st division, Camp Adcock, Alex G., Private, Roxboro, N. C. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to com- Ashley, Charlie S., Private, Warrenville, pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1918. N. C. Killed in battle of Bellicourt, Sep- tember 29, 1918. Barker, Hawood, Private, Crutchfield, N. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th Adcock, Ed. M., Private, Hamlet, N. C. division, and assigned to company E, 120th Transferred to Central Records Office, in infantry. September, 1918. Barker, John, Corporal, Park, Va. Trans- Adcock, Lex A., Private, Berea, N. C. ferred from 81st division to 30th division Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, Septem- in October, 1917. Wounded in battle of ber, 29, 1918. Transferred to U. S. A. Bellicourt, later died of wounds ; buried Ayers, Walter O., Private, Crumpler, N. near Tincourt, France. C. Barnes Loyd, Private, West Park, Ohio. Aiken, Roy, Sergt., Creedmoor, N. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Transferred to army candidates school, division, assigned to company E, 120th in-

Langres, France, October 1, 1918. fantry, November 10, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 41

ROY AIKEN W. ALLEN Creedmoor, N. C. THOMAS Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Creedmoor, N. C. 30th Division. Born April 23, 1895. Son Corporal, Company E, 322nd Infantry, Mrs. I. Bullock. Entered service of W. 81st Division. Born January 7, 1893. Son June 24, 1916, at Camp Sevier, S. C. of G. L. Allen. Entered service May 24, Overseas thirteen months. Honorably dis- charged July 16, 1919. 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Corporal May 3, 1919. Honorably dis- charged June 25, 1919.

CLAUDE WILLIAM ALLEN Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Medical Dept., 119th Infantry, RUFUS W. ALLGOOD 30th Division. Born December 6, 1895. Son of G. L. Allen. Entered service R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. March 23, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Private, Company E, 322nd Infantry, Went overseas May 11, 1918. Captured 81st Division. Born August 22, 1889. by Germans September 29, 1918, but re- Son of J. J. Allgood. Entered service May captured by Americans in few hours. 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Trans- Wounded October 17, 1918. Honorably dis- ferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably charged January 14, 1919. discharged March 21, 1919. H-R-4 42 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Barr, Robert, Private, Bristol, Va. Bledsoe, Horton, Corporal, Todd, N. C. Transferred from 2nd Tennessee infantry Transferred from 81st division, Camp to company E, 120th infantry October, Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- 1917. vier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to com- Baldwin, John, Private, Grassy Creek, pany E, 120th infantry. N. C. Brady, Benjamin W., Mechanic, Hope Basham, Alva N., Corporal, Irvington, Mills, N. C. Killed in action October 18, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, 1918, near Vaux Andigny, France, buried Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky., to 30th divi- near same place. sion and assigned to company E, 120th in- Brooks, Fielden F., Corporal, Clifton, K. fantry, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th March 29, 1918. division, October, 1918, assigned to com- Basnight, Will, Corporal, Oriental, N. pany E, 120th infantry. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Brown, Dewey S., Sergt., Mt. Ulla, N. C. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- vier, Greenville, S. C, and assigned to ber 29, 1918. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Brown, Virdie R., Private, Garfield, Baxter, Wilbur P., Sergt., Petersburg, Ky. Transferred from 84th division to Va. Transferred to B company, 105th 30th division, assigned to company E, military police, January 29, 1918. 120th infantry March 29, 1918; wounded Boiling, Norman R., Private, Mayesville, in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, Buckner, Grover C, Mechanic, Siler City, September 29, 1918, returned to duty No- N. C. Wounded in action September 29, vember, 1918. Transferred from 81st di- 1918. Transferred to 30th division from vision, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th divi- 81st division in October, 1918, assigned to sion, assigned to company E, 120th infan- company E, 120th infantry, in October try, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C. 1917.

Bottoms, Temie L., Private, Beach, Va. Burleson, David, Private, Valley, N. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Transferred from 81st division, Camp division and assigned to 120th infantry No- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, and assign- vember 10, 1918. ed to company E, 120th infantry, Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C. Wounded in battle Bowling, Kilor S., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned Wounded in action near St. Souplet Octo- to U. S. A. for treatment. ber 12, 1918, returned to U. S. A. John 1st Sergt., Edenton, Boyette, Delia C, Corporal, Lucama, N. Byrum, C, N. C. Wounded in action September 29, 1918, C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- in battle of Bellicourt, returned to U. S. A. tember 29, 1918, transferred to hospital September 29, 1918, reassigned to company Calhoun, Cortes, Private, Home address December, 1918. not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. Blackburn, Wiley W., Corporal, Grassy C, February 9, 1918. Creek, N. C. Transferred from 81st di- Calhoun, Thomas F.. Private, Jefferson, vision, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th divis- N. C. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, ion, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to com- February 9, 1918. pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1918; Carnahan, William, Corporal, Bristol, wounded in action September 29, 1918, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- transferred to U. S. A. gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 43

OLLIE B. ARRINGTON LELAND STANLEY AVERETT Hargrove, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Wagoner, 377th Ambulance Company. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Born April 29, 1894. Son of E. D. Arling- 30th Division. Son of Thomas Jefferson ton. Entered service June 25, 1918, at and Lucy Averett. Born March 29, 1895. Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharg- Entered service May 21, 1917, at Camp ed January 8, 1919. Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919.

WILLIAM H. ARRINGTON R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, 334th Company, Motor Trans- EDWARD BRANSFORD BALLOU Oxford, N. C. port Corps. Born in Granville County. Son of W. I. Arlington. Entered service Private, Students Army Training Corps. May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Born June 10, 1898. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Pro- W. B. Ballou. Entered service September, moted to Corporal August 15, 1918. Hon- 1918, at Washington and Lee University. orably discharged April 3, 1919. Honorably discharged December, 1918. 44 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ber, 1917. Transferred to hospital, at Condery, Clarence C, Private, Under- Halifax, N. S., in May, 1918, rejoined com- wood, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, pany in Belgium, August, 1918. Killed in Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp action September 29, 1918. Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Killed in action September 29, 1918, in battle of Carey, Creed A., Private, Ellington, Ky. Bellicourt. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Cooper, J., Private, Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, Leon Plymouth, N. 120th infan- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp S. C, assigned to company E, Jackson, S. to 30th division, assigned to try, March 29, 1918. C, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Carter, Francis M., Corporal, Burkes- Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- division ville, Ky. Transferred from 84th ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treat- Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Camp ment. Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Covington, Robert N., Private, Rocking- William C, Corporal, Woodsdale, Carver, ham, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, N. C. ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, 29, 1918. September Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to Chambers, Herman, Private, Bristol, company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. corps Tenn. Transferred to quartermaster Wounded in action October 12, 1918, re- 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C, February 23, turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Chambers, Woodie, Private, Stem, N. Cox, Bob C, Private, North Wilkesboro, C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp N. C. Transferred from 81st division, to Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- 30th division, assigned to company E, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th 120th infantry, October, 1917. infantry, October, 1917. Crawford, Herby E., Private, Whaley, Clark, Fred L., Mechanic, Oxford, N. C. N. C. Transferred from 81st division, bat- Killed in action September 29, 1918, in Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, tle of Bellicourt, buried near same place. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Claywell, Alonzo, Private, Bakerton, Ky. E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded Transferred from 84th division, Camp in action near Mazenheim, France, October Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, 19, 1918, returned to duty with company S. C., March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle December, 1918. of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918. Crutchfield, Oswald M., Private, San- Cocherham, Doughton E., Private, Ber- ford, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- lin, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917. Wound- Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company ed in action near Mazenheim, France, Oc- E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. tober 19, 1918.

Collins, Russel, Private, Home address Curtis, William P., Private, Bristol, not known. Transferred to headquarters Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- company, 120th infantry, Camp Sevier, S. gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- C, March 21, 1918. ber, 1918. Wounded in action near Ypres, Belgium, July 16, 1918, returned to U. S. Compton, Phillip S., Private, Oswalt, N. A. for treatment. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Dallas, Thomas G., Sergt., Reidsville, N. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th C. Transferred from supply company, infantry, October, 1917. 120th infantry, to company E, January, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 45

JAMES WHITAKER BALLOU KILOR S. BOWLING Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Students Army. Training Corps. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantrv, Born July 28, 1900. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 30th Division. Born October 10, 1893. W. B. Ballou. Entered service September. Son of Thomas Bowling. Entered service 1918, at Virginia Military Institute. At July 15, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Plattsburg, N. Y., in Reserve Officers' Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded Training Corps, June, 1918. Honorably in France October 10, 1918. Honorably discharged December, 1918. discharged April 18, 1919.

W. X. BOBBITT WALLACE ALLEX BLALOCK. R. F. D., Hester, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Corporal, 15th Company, 156th Depot Private, 1st class, Company D, 4th Brigade, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born Sep- Corps Artillery Park, 3rd B. & S. D. D. G. tember 26, 1889. Son of A. E. Bobbin. Born in Granville County. Son of W. H. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp and Mag Blalock. Entered service August Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Corporal Jan- 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went uary 10, 1919. Honorablv discharged overseas September 3, 1918. Honorably March 11, 1919. discharged July 13, 1919. 46 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

1919. Transferred to company G, 120th in- infantry October, 1917, died of wounds re- fantry, February, 1918. ceived in action October 4, 1918.

Davis, Charles E., Private, Carrboro, N. Eakes, Ernest O., Cook, Oxford, N. C. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th vier, S. C, October, 1917. infantry, October, 1917. in bat- Wounded Eastwood, Henry, Private, Buffalo Junc- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- tion, Va. Transferred from 81st division, turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Davis, Quincy, Private, Jefferson, N. C. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, Transferred from 81st division, Camp 120th infantry October, 1917. Killed in Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- action October 12, 1918, near Brancourt, vier, S. C, October, 1917. Deserted at France.

Camp Sevier, S. C, and dropped from Edmonson, Paul T., Private, Parmale, N. rolls of organization May 5, 1918. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Dawson, Joseph, Private, home address Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- not known. Transferred to base hospital vier, S. C, October, 1917, assigned to com- Camp Sevier, S. C, April, 1918. pany E, 120th infantry.

Digh, Julius P., Corporal, Lincolnton, Eley, Walter S., Private, Ganant, Ohio. N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, division, assigned to company E, 120th in- Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917, assign- fantry, November 11, 1918. ed to company E, 120th infantry. Wounded Elliott, Jesse B., Private, Helton, N. C. in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, Transferred from 81st division, Camp returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se-

Dillard, James E., Corporal, Hayes, N. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in ac- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- tion in Ypres sector, Belgium, July, 1918. vier, S. C, October, 1917. Wounded in returned to U. S. for treatment. battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- Everett, Simon I., Private, Bristol, Va. turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to

Dobbin, John F., Private, Rockingham, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917.

N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Faircloth, Henry G., Private, address Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, not known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to S. C, March 25, 1918, inapt, for military company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. service. Transferred to province battalion, Camp Farrell, Clarence R., Private, Carrboro, Sevier, S. April 1918. C, 25, N. C. Transferred to M. T. company, No. Duvall, Eugene R., Private, Grassy 334, Q. M. C. N. A., April 19, 1918. Creek, N. C. Transferred from 81st divi- Faulkner, Ora S., Private, address un- sion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, known. Transferred from 83rd division Camp Sevier, S. October, 1917. C, to 30th division, assigned to company E, Eakes, Bennie A., Private, Oxford, N. 120th infantry, November, 1918. Trans- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp ferred to hospital. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Felty, Tracy, Private, Bristol, Tenn. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 55th depot brigade to GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 47

BENJAMIN HAYS BRADFORD NATHANIEL C. BRUMMITT R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. R. F. D. 3, Oxford, N. C. Private, Field Remount Squadron, 344.

Private, Company B, . Students' Army Born August 13, 1892. Son of T. J. and Training Corps, Trinity College, Durham, Caroline V. Brummitt. Entered service N. C. Born January 24, 1898. Son of May 16, 1918, at A. & E. College, West Sarah C. Bradford. Entered service Octo- Raleigh, N. C. Transferred to Camp ber 7, 1918, at Trinity College, Durham, Johnston, Fla. Went overseas November N. C. Honorably discharged December 9, 8, 1918. Honorably discharged July 9, 1918. 1919.

HENRY BLOUNT BRYAN JACOB THOMPSON BRADSHER Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Medical Detachment, 56th Private, Infantry, Camp Lee, Va. Born Pioneer Infantry. Born January 30, 1897. January 20, 1895. Son of James S. and Son of Charles Walter Bryan. Entered Sallie T. Bradsher. Entered service June service August 9, 1918, at Camp Wads- 25, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Honorably worth, S. C. Went overseas September 4, discharged July 10, 1918, account physi- 1918. Honorably discharged at Camp Lee, cal disability. Va., July 6, 1919. 48 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR company E, 120th infantry October, 1917. ion to company E, 120th infantry, Novem- Wounded in action September 29, 1918, in ber, 1918. battle of Bellicourt, returned to U. S. A. Frye, John W., Private, Kingston, Tenn. for treatment. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Ferguson, Jesse, Private, Harriman, division, assigned to company E, 120th in- Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- fantry, November, 1918. gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Gaffney, Patrick, Private, Winthrop, ber, 1917. Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to

Fitts, John C. L., Private, Bullock, N. 30th division, assigned to company E, C. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, Feb- 120th infantry, November, 1918. ruary 9, 1918. Garner, Joseph S., Private, Rockwood,

Fleming, Fred G., Corporal, Creedmoor, Tenn. Transferred from 81st division, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1918. E, 120th infantry October, 1917. Wound- Gates, Alexander, Private, Timberlake, ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division,

Flowers, Bradley L., Corporal, Frogue, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned Ky. Transferred from 84th division, to company E, 120th infantry, October, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Fogleman, Otis B., Cook, Rock Creek, N. C. Killed in action at battle of Bellicourt, George, Eugene C, Private, Madison, September 29, 1918. Ind. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division, assigned to company E, Forbis, William L., Private, Hancock, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Mo. Transferred from 83rd division to Gideon, George H., Private, Muscatine, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to infantry, November, 1918. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Fowler, Ira L., Corporal, Creedmoor, N. infantry, November, 1918. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Gill, Howard C, Private, Wilton, Iowa. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- infantry, October, 1917. fantry, November, 1918. Fowler, John B., Corporal, Creedmoor, Gilley, Halford B., Private, Clifton, N. N. C. Transferred to hospital, returned C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp to U. S. A. for treatment February, 1919. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Freeman, Orian D., Sergt., Franklinton, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt infantry, October, 1917. September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Glenn, Eugene, Bugler, Oxford, N. C. for treatment. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, Septem- Freeborn, Edgar M., Sergt., Telford, ber 29, 1918, transferred to U. S. for Tenn. treatment.

Fuller, Francis M., Private, Manches- Glover, Garland G., Private, Floral, Ky. ter, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd divis- Transferred from 84th division, Camp GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 49

HILORY M. BULLOCK BENJAMIN GARLAND BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Mechanic, Company E, 322nd Infantry, Regimental Supply Sergeant, 322nd In- in Halifax County, N. fantry Supply, 81st Division. Born Sep- 81st Division. Born tember 20, 1888. Son of B. W. Bullock. C. Son of P. H. Bullock. Entered service Entered service September 4, 1917, at May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Regi- Promoted to rank of mechanic April 9, mental Supply Sergeant September 10, 1919. Overseas 10 months. Honorably 1918. Went overseas July 30, 1918. Hon- orably discharged June 25, 1919. discharged June 15, 1919.

HARVEY READE BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. JOHN H. BULLOCK Corporal, Company E, 29th Engineers, Oxford, N. C. attached to 2nd Army, A. E. F. Born in First Lieutenant, Medical Corps, Camp Oxford, N. C, April 15, 1894. Son of J. Lee, Va. Born October 17, 1891. Son of Dudley Bullock. Entered service April 3, John H. Bullock. Entered service July 1918, at Fort Slocum, N. Y. Went over- 1, 1918, at Army Medical School, seas August 14, 1918. Honorably dis- Wash- charged March 22, 1919. ington, D. C. 50 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- hospital same date, returned to duty De- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th cember, 1918. infantry. Wounded in action October 10, Greenwell, William W., Private, Mooley- 1918, returned to duty December, 1918. ville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Goforth, Colon, Private, Mars Hill, N. assign- ed to company E, 120th infantry, C. Transferred from 105th M. P. to com- March 29, 1918. Wounded in action pany E, 120th infantry, July, 1918. Kill- September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treat- ed in action September 29, 1918. ment. Golden, Oscar J., Private, Independence, Greer, Ed., Private, Jefferson, N. C. Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to Transferred to hospital, Camp Sevier, S. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th C, May, 1918. infantry, November, 1918. Guidry, Thomas, Private, Broaux Bridge, Goss, William, Private, Chapel Hill, N. La. Transferred from 83rd division to C. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Gould, William N., Private, DesMoines, infantry. Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division to Hadden, Roy, Private, Akron, Ohio. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- infantry, November, 1918. vision, assigned to company E, 120th in-

Gourley, Edgar L., Private, Bristol. fantry, November, 1918. Tenn. Transferred to Province battalion, Haden, Will, Private, Wallace, Va. Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Graham, Jacob K., Private, Todd, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Hall, Dornal C, Private, Durham, N. C. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Wounded in action July 18, 1918, Ypres, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Belgium, returned to duty November, 1918. infantry, October, 1917. Hall, Willie A., Private, Petersburg, Va. Graham, John H. C, Private, Trout, N. Ham, Lester, Private, Lansing N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, assigned Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- to company E, 120th infantry, October, vier, S. C, October, 1917. Killed in action 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918. tember 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for Hamby, Bower, Private, West Jefferson, treatment. N. C. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. C, Granger, George, Private, Idebel, Okla. February 9, 1918. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Hampton, Roy, Corporal, Rockwood, division, assigned to company E, 120th in- Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- fantry, November, 1918. gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Grant, George W., Private, Bristol, Va. ber, 1917. Transferred from 55th depot brigade, to Hammonds, Willie C, Corporal, Moor- company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. field, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp ber 29, 1918. Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Green, Harold F., Corporal, Northside, infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in N. C. Wounded in battle of Vaux Andig- battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- ny, October 10, 1918. Transferred to turned to duty November, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 51

NICHOLAS BODDIE CANNADY RICHARD C. M. CALVERT Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Captain, Company E, 33rd Engineers. Captain, Medical Coi-ps, First Battal- Born December 31, 1872. Son of Charles ion, 318th Infantry, 80th Division. Born B. Calvert. Entered service March 17, August 3, 1888. Son of John F. and Mary 1917. Promoted to First Lieutenant June 1918. ov- C. Cannady. Entered service August 27, 28, 1917, Captain May 10, Went erseas June 29, 1918. Served on Regimen- 1917, at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Promoted tal Special Court Martial and General to Captain March 25, 1918. Overseas six Court Martial for Base Section No. 5, from months. Honorably discharged March 12, February, 1919, to June, 1919. Promoted 1919. to Regimental Adjutant June, 1919. Hon- orably discharged July 28, 1919.

SAMUEL C. CANNADY RUSSELL B. CAREY Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. Sergeant, General Hospital No. 10, Private, 1st class, Medical Detachment, North Eastern Division, Boston, Mass. Motor Supply Train, No. 415. Born in Born January 18, 1894. Son of C. W. and 1888. Son of Beverly Carey. Entered ser- B. J. Cannady. Entered service May 24, vice March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted C. Promoted to private, 1st class, July 12, to Sergeant September 15, 1918. Honor- 1918. Went overseas August 14, 1918. ably discharged January 18, 1919. Honorably discharged June 21, 1919. 52 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Harkelroad, Charlie L., Private, Bristol, Hodge, Oliver, Private, Sparta, N. C. Term. Transferred from 55th depot bri- Transferred from 81st division, Camp gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- ber, 1917. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th

Hart, John B., Corporal, Creedmoor, N. infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in ac- C. Wounded in battle near Vaux Andig- tion September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. ny, October 10, 1918. A. for treatment. Harvey, Boothe C, Private, Mason, Home, Reuben B., Private, Edison, Ga. Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division, as- Transferred from 84th division to 30th di- signed to company E, 120th infantry, No- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- vember, 1918. fantry, November, 1918.

Hatcher, Robert H., Private, Colquit, Horton, Joseph H., Cook, Creedmoor, Ga. Transferred from 83rd division to N. C. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Houch, Charles E., Cook, Jefferson, N. infantry, November, 1918. C. Transferred to Bo. company, 105th M. Hawn, James E., Private, Crothersville, P., March 10, 1918. Ind. Transferred from 84th division Howell, Walter L., Private, Beaver Creek, Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Camp N. C. Transferred from 81st division Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, as- infantry, March 29, 1918. signed to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Hayes, Argel, Private, Bristol, Tenn. ber, 1917. Wounded in battle of Belli- Transferred from 55th depot brigade to court, September 29, 1918, returned to U. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. S. A. for treatment. Hein, John, Private, Schaokin, Pa. Hughes, Brown, Private, Valley, N. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- Transferred from 81st division, Camp vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- fantry, November, 1918. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Henry, Noah R., Private, Etowah, N. C. Hughes, David, Private, Valley, N. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- C. Transferred from 81st division, vision, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to com- Camp pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Hicks, Henry, Private, Frank, N. C. infantry, October, 1917. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Ingold, Connie S., Private, address not Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- known. Transferred from 81st division, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company tle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, re- E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Trans- turned to duty December, 1918. ferred to Bakery company, No. 308, April Hicks, William H., Sergt., Henderson, 15, 1918. N. C. Wounded in action near Vaux An- Jarboe, Joseph P., Private, McQuady, digny, October 10, 1918. Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Hight, Robert B., Private, Oxford, N. C. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Transferred to provisional battalion, Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. infantry, March 29. 1918.

Hightower, Richard T., Private, Boyd- Johnson, Virdie R., Private, Irvington, ton, Va. Ky. Transferred from 84th division, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 53

JAMES ROLAND CARRINGTON WOODY T. CHAMBERS Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, $lst Division. Born December 16, 1895. 30th Division. Born September 21, 1895. Son of J. L. Carrington. Entered service Son of Sam Chambers. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged July 1, 1919. discharged April 18, 1919.

JESSE BURRELL CARROLL RUFUS E. CHANDLER Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company H, 56th Virgilina, Va. Pioneer Infantry. Born March 29, 1897. First Sergeant, Company B, 306th En- Son of C. A. and Charlotte Carroll. En- gineers, 81st Division. Born January 18, tered service August 9, 1918, at Camp 1894. Son of James P. Chandler. En- Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas Septem- tered service November 19, 1917, at Camp ber 4, 1918. Honorably discharged July Jackson, S. C. Overseas July 31, 1918. 6, 1919. Honorably discharged June 20, 1919. 54 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR to 30th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., as- ed to company E, 120th infantry, October, signed to company E, 120th infantry, 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Camp Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Kill- September 29, 1918, transferred to U. S. ed in action October 18, 1918. A. for treatment.

Jones, Charles F., Corporal, Nashville, Ketchem, James, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Tenn. Transferred from battery C, 114th Transferred from 55th depot brigade to F. A., March, 1918, to company E, 120th in- company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. fantry. Killed in battle of Bellicourt September

Jones, Charles F., Corporal, Meringo, 29, 1918. Ind. Transferred from 83rd division to King, Carl C, Corporal, Indianapolis, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Ind. Transferred from 84th division, infantry. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Jones, Horace, Corporal, Bristol, Tenn. Sevier, S. C, March 29, 1918. Wounded Transferred from 55th depot brigade to in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. returned to U. S. A. for treatment. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September Kirkland, Olea F., Private, Mist, Ark. 29, 1918, returned to duty December, 1918. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di-

Jones, Willie T., Private, Youngsville, vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- N. C. Transferred from 81st division, fantry, November, 1918. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Kistler, Burgin S., Private, Keepsville, Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to N. C. Transferred from 81st division, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. for treat- E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. ment. Knoland, John C, Private, Jeffersonville, Jordan, Oscar, Private, Cobern, Va. Ind. Transferred from 83rd division, Transferred from 55th depot brigade to Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Wounded in action October 12, 1918, re- infantry, March 29, 1918. turned to U. S. A. for treatment. Kothera, Joseph E., Private, Cleveland, Karschner, Thomas W., Private, address Ohio. not known. Transferred from 83rd divis- LaGrave, Roy L., Private, Chateaugay, ion to 30th division, assigned to company N. Y. Transferred from 83rd division to E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. 30th division, assigned to company E,

Keener, Charlie T., Private, Lincolnton, 120th infantry, November, 1918. N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Lane, Bealer F., Private, Boone, N. C. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Transferred from 81st division, Camp Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- E, 120th infantry, October, 1918. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th

Keith, Irvin J., Private, Roaring Springs, infantry, October, 1917.

Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to Lanham, Charles F., Private, Taswell, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Ind. Transferred from 84th division, infantry, November, 1918. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Kephert, Joseph H., Private, Grand View, Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th N. C. Transferred from 81st division, infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917, assign- turned to U. S. A. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 55

JESSE IRVIN CLEMENT GLAUDDIE M. CHAPPELL R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Corporal, Company G, 322nd Infantry, Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born November 14, 1888. 81st Division. Born at Creedmoor, N. C. Son of Thomas D. and Mary E. Clement. Son of G. W. C'happell. Entered service Entered service September 5, 1917, at May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Overseas ten months. July 18, 1918. Wounded in France.

ELLIOTT TUNSTALL COOPER GEORGE WASHINGTON CLARK Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Infantry. Born R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. March 4, 1897. Son of Henry George Cook, Company B, 306th Ammunition Cooper. Entered service April 4, 1918, at Train, 81st Division. Born April 13, 1891. Camp Sevier. Transferred Central Offi- Son of Alexander Clark. Entered service cers' Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. November 12, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. Promoted to Second Lieutenant September C. Went overseas August 8, 1918. Hon- 5, 1918. Honorablv discharged December 2, orably discharged June 26, 1919. 1918. 56 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Laswell, John E., Private, Marysville, Lunsford, James E., Private, Elk Park, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Sevier, S. C, October, 1917. Wounded in infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, turned to U. S. A. returned to U. S. A. Lykins, John. Bugler, Petersville, Ky. Liles, George, Private, Coalfield, Tenn. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Transferred from 55th depot brigade to Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, March 27, 1918. Wounded in bat- Liles, Hobart, Corporal, Coalfield, Tenn. tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, never Transferred from 55th depot brigade to returned to duty. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Lyons, James, Private, Bluff City, Tenn. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September Transferred from 55th depot brigade to 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Linaburg, John E., Private, Marboro, Admitted to S. O. S. hospital December, Va. Transferred from 83rd division to 1918. Never returned to duty. 30th division, assigned to company E, Macy, Benjamin F., Private, Hardins- 120th infantry, November, 1918. burg, Ky. Transferred from 84th division Locklier, George S., Private, Youngsville, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp N. C. Transferred from supply company, Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th 120th infantry, to company E, 120th in- infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- fantry, March 10, 1918. Transferred from tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, return- company E to base hospital, Camp Sevier, ed to duty December 12, 1918. S. C, May 1, 1918. Mahala, President L., Private, Ashland, Lovett, Pearl, Private, Randleman, N. C. N. C. Transferred from 81st division to Transferred from 81st division, Camp 30th division, assigned to company E, Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- Never returned to duty. tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- Manuel, Edward, Private, Seymour, Ind. turned to duty December, 1918. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Loyd, Garland, Private, Mayesville, N. Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, never infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- returned to duty. tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- Manuel, Jason, Private, Seymour, Ind. turned to U. S. A. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Lumpkin, Kennith T., Corporal, Hope- Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Se- well, Va. Transferred from 81st division, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- turned to duty November 15, 1918. ed in battle of Bellicourt, September 29, Markowski, Theodore, Private, Hartford, 1918, returned to duty December 6, 1918. Miss. Transferred from 83d division GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 57

EDDIE B. COZART CHRISTOPHER E. CORE Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Company C, 119th Infantry, Private, 1st class, Company H, 56th Pio- 30th Division. Born in Granville County. neer Infantry, Third Army Headquar- Son of B. C. and Adline Cozart. Entered ters Troops. Born June 27, 1896. Son of service March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, C. M. Core. Entered service August 9, S. C. Went overseas June 18, 1918. 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went Honorably discharged February 19, 1919. overseas September 4, 1918. Honorably discharged July 6, 1919.

ROBERT T. COZART WILLIE GREEN COTTRELL Stem, N. C. R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company, 151st Private, Company E, 132nd Infantry, Field Artillery, 42nd Division. Born April 81st Division. Born August 6, 1887. Son 8, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. B. Co- of D. T. Cottrell. Entered service Sep- zart. Entered service May 24, 1918, at tember 18, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Au- Overseas ten months. Honorably discharg- gust 22, 1918. Honorably discharged May ed June 25, 1919. 13, 1919. 58 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

to 30th division, assigned to company Matthews, William H., Corporal, Lilling- E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. ton, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- ion, Jackson, S. to 30th division, Marshall, Garey M., Private, Phillips- Camp C, Sevier, S. to company E, 120th burg, Mo. Transferred from 84th division Camp C, infantry, October, 1917. to 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, December, 1918. Matthews, Willie G., Sergt., Oxford, N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- Martin, James R., Private, Raleigh, N. tember 29, 1918, returned to duty Novem- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp ber 24, 1918. Sevier, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Massey, Lorinzo D., Private, Newton infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- Grove, N. C. Transferred from 81st di- tle of Bellicourt, September 29, 1918, re- vision, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th divis- turned to duty November, 1918. ion, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to com- pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Martin, Lee, Private, Coalfield, Tenn. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt September Transferred from 55th depot brigade to 29, 1918, returned to duty December 12, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. 1918. Transferred to hospital, never returned to Merlino, Francisco, Private, Bronx, N. duty. Y. Transferred from 83rd division to Mash, Vonley, Private, Reyno, N. C. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 81st division, to 30th infantry, November, 1918. division, assigned to company E, 120th in- Michael, Michael C, Private, Nieuport, fantry, Camp Sevier, S. C. Wounded in R. I. Transferred from 83rd division to battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th turned to U. S. A. infantry, December, 1918. Mason, Joseph E., Private, Moorsburg, Miller, Charlie, Private, Wagoner, N. Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- ber, 1917. Wounded in battle of Belli- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th court, September 29, 1918, returned to U. infantry, October, 1917. Admitted to S. S. A. O. S. hospital December 15, never return- Matthews, Howard Q., Private, Ain, ed to duty. Ark. Transferred from 83rd division to Miller, Coy, Private, Laurel Springs, N. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp infantry, December, 1918. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Matthews, James E., 1st Sergt., Oxford, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th N. C. infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- Matthews, John, Private, Johnson City, tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- turned to U. S. A. gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Miller Earl, Private, West Jefferson, N. ber, 1917. Wounded in battle of Belli- C. Transferred from province battalion, court September 29, 1918, returned to duty Camp Sevier, S. C, April 25, 1918. November 25, 1918. Miller, Ernest F., Private, Wagoner, N. Matthews, Wheeler, Private, Johnson C. Transferred from 81st division. Camp City, Tenn. Discharged at Camp Sevier, Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- S. C, February 28, 1918. vier, S. C, October, 1917. Wounded in GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 59

ERNEST J. CRITCHER LEWIS A. CREWS R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Sergeant, Company F, 319th Reg. Snip- Private, Company H, 1st Provisional ers, 2nd Battalion, 80th Division. Born in Regiment, 156th Depot Brigade, Camp Granville County. Son of James A. Crews. Jackson, S. C. Born in Durham County. Entered service March 28, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas May 25, 1918. Son of W. C. Critcher. Entered service Promoted to Sergeant July 28, 1918. May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackon, S. C. offensive, Wounded in Meuse Argonne Oc- Honorably discharged December 7, 1918. tober 4, 1918. Honorably discharged June 9, 1919.

WILLIAM O. CULBRETH WILLIAM B. CREWS Stovall, N. C. R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class. Headquarters Com- Private, Company I, 322nd Infantry, pany, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born 31st Division. Born September 4, 1891. in Granville County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Son of John R. Culbreth. Entered service James A. Crews. Entered service Sep- September 18, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. tember 5, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably C. Honorably discharged February 11, discharged June 25, 1919. 1919. 60 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- McCarter, John C, Private, Chattanooga, turned to U. S. A. Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division to Miller, Vance, Private, West Jefferson, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th N. C. Transferred from 81st division, infantry, December, 1918. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, McCullen, Odie, Private, Newton Grove, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company N. C. Transferred from 81st division, E, 120th infantry, transferred to base hos- Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, pital, Camp Sevier, S. C, May 1, 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C, October 1917, assign-

Mitchell, Robert E. L., Private, Bristol, ed to company E, 120th infantry, October, Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- 1917. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. ber, 1917. McDaniel, William R., Private, Cincin- Monroe, John H., Private, Concord, N. nati, Ohio. Transferred from 84th divis- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp ion, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. infantry, October, 1917. McGhee, Goldie, Private, Raleigh, N. C. Moore, Henry C, Corporal, Carlisle, Ky. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Transferred from 84th division, Camp Tay- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- lor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th C. assigned to company E, 120th infan- infantry, April 15, 1918. try, 29, 1918. Wounded in battle March McGill, Dan, Private, Sideway, Ky. of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, returned Transferred from 84th division, Camp to U. S. A. Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp Sevier, Morrell, Thomas J., Private, Millers Fer- S. C, assigned to company E, 120th in- ry, Fla. Transferred from 83rd division fantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in bat- to 30th division, assigned to company E, tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- 120th infantry, November, 1918. turned to duty December, 1918.

Morton, Walter L., Private, Oakboro, N. McKinney, Frank, Private, N. C. Trans- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp ferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- S. C, to 30th division. Camp Sevier, S. C, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th assigned to company E, 120th infantry, infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in October. 1917. Transferred to headquar- Ypres sector, Belgium, August 5, 1918, re- ters company, 120th infantry, March 21, turned to U. S. A. 1918. Moser, Cline C, Bugler, Carrboro, N. C. McLeod, Halbert H., Corporal, Lauren- Transferred to headquarters company, burg, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- 120th infantry, April 21, 1918. ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Mullis, John E., Private, Berlin, N. C. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Transferred from 81st division, Camp E, 120th infantry, April 15, 1918. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- McMonigle, Harry S., Corporal, Burns- vier, S. C, assigned to company E. 120th ville, S. C. Transferred from 81st divis- infantry, October, 1917. ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, McCarroll, Charlie O., Private, Kingston, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Killed in gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, ber, 1917. buried near same place. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 61

BENJAMIN A CURRIN SIDNEY T. CURRIN Oxford, N. Virgilina, Va. R. F. D. 6, C. Wagoner, Battery C, 45th Artillery, C. Mechanic, Company L, 322nd Infantry, A. C. Born January 21, 1900. Son of 81st Division. Born September 3, 1888. Titus G. and Mary B. Currin. Entered Son of Ralph Currin. Entered service Sep- service July 1, 1918, at Fort Thomas, Ky. tember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Wagoner September 3, 1918. Went overseas August 31, 1918. Honor- Went overseas October 1, 1918. Honor- ably discharged June 25, 1919. ably discharged February 22, 1919.

W. MADISON CURRIN OLIVER L. CURRIN R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Corporal, 322nd Infantry, Sanitary Private, Battery D, Third Regiment, Training Detachment, 81st Division. Born Field Artillery. Born December 14, 1896. in 1893. Son of J. M. Currin. Entered Son of 0. C. Currin. Entered service Au- service October 19, 1917, at Camp Jack- gust 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. son, S. C. Honorably discharged Febru- Honorably discharged December 19, 1918. ary 2, 1919. 62 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Nash, Edmund Q., Private, Sparta, Mich. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- infantry, April 26, 1918. fantry, December, 1918. Osborne, Brack, Private, Hemlock, N. Neeley, Robert M., Corporal, Brevard, C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company infantry, October, 1917. E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Osborne, John, Private, Smithport, N.

Neil], Robert W., Private, Lancaster, S. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. infantry, April 26, 1918. Killed in battle Owen, Robert, Private, Stovall, N. C. of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried Transferred from 81st division, Camp near same place. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Newton, Vessie C, Corporal, Eckerty, vier, Greenville, S. C, assigned to com- Ind. Transferred from 84th division, pany E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Dis- Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp charged at Camp Sevier, S. C, February Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th 9, 1918. infantry, March 29, 1918. Parham, Albert H., Sergt., Oxford, N. Norwood, Walter M., Private, Banners C. Elk, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Parish, Millard T., Private, Smithfield, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, April 26, 1918. Killed Nutt, Ruben E., Private, Franklin, Ga. in action at Ypres, June 16, 1918. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Parlier, Cloid H., Private, Darkridge, N. fantry, December, 1918. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th

Nutt, William J., Private, Madilla, Ga. division, assigned to company E, 120th in- Transferred from 83rd division, to 30th fantry, October, 1917. division, assigned to company E, 120th in- Parlier, William W., Private, Heaton, N. fantry, December, 1918. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp

Oakley, Thomas L., Private, Oxford, N. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- C. Killed in action October 12, 1918, near vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Mazenheim, France, buried near same infantry, October, 1917. place. Partin, James A., Private, Address not Odom, Joseph B., Corporal, Mount Olive, known. Transferred to company B, 105th N. C. Transferred from 81st division, M. P., February 9, 1918. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Payne, Tead G., Private, Mount Vernon, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Ky. Transferred from 83rd division. E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th returned to U. S. A. infantry, March 29, 1918.

O'Neal, Wiley F., Private, Neuse, N. C. Pedd, Jack J., Private, Creedmoor, N. Transferred from 81st division, Camp C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 63

JAMES ERNEST DANIEL SAMUEL WHARTON DANIEL R. F. D. 5, Henderson, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, 317th Machine Gun Company, Sergeant, Base Hospital No. 65, Ker- 81st Division. Born February 23, 1889. huon, France. Born June 18, 1897. Son Son of Henry Madison Daniel. Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, of J. Luther and Mary E. Daniel. Enter- S. C. Honorably discharged February 5, ed service April 15, 1918, at Fort Mc- 1919. Pherson, Ga. Went overseas August 28, 1918.

ROBERT GARLAND DANIEL R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. CRAWFORD W. DAVIS Private, Company C, 306th Ammunition Oxford, N. C. Train, 81st Division. Born July 1, 1895. Private, 20th Trench Mortar Battery, Son of John T. and Rosa Daniel. Enter- Camp Jackson, S. C. Born July 19, 1896. ed service October 15, 1917, at Camp Son of J. W. Davis. Entered service Au- Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 10, gust 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 1918. Honorably discharged June 20, 1919. Honorably discharged January 22, 1919. 64 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Peterson, Edwin, Sergt., Ingold, N. C, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 81st division, Camp infantry, October, 1917. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Peed, Burnice, Private, Creedmoor, N. vier, S. O, assigned to company E, 120th C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Sep- infantry, October, 1917. tember 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Pope, Amon, Private, Asheland, N. C.

Pennington, David J., Private, West Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jefferson, N. C. Transferred from 81st Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th di- vier, S. C, October, 1917. to vision, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned Powers, Solomon E. R., Private, Stur- infantry, 1917. company E, 120th October, gills, N. C. Transferred from 81st division hospital, Sevier, Transferred to base Camp Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, S. C, May 1, 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Pennington, Davis, Private, Laurel E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Springs, N. C. Transferred from 81st di- Pullium, Lennie T., Private, Roxboro r vision to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, N. C. assigned to company E, 120th infantry, Presnel, E., Private, Munsey, October, 1917. Bernard Ind. Transferred from 83rd division to Pennington, Kirby S., Private, Hemlock, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th N. C. Transferred from 81st division, infantry, December, 1918. Camp Jackson, S. O, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Price, Eirby J., Private, Orange, Texas. E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- 1918, returned to duty November, 1918. fantry, December, 1918.

Pennington, Sol., Private, West Jeffer- Price, Gus A., Private, Newton, N. C. son, N. C. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- C, February 9, 1918. vision, Camp Jackson, S. C, to Camp Se- E, Perry, Harrison, Private, Park, Va. vier, S. C, assigned to company 120th infantry October, 1917. Transferred to Transferred from 81st division, Camp headquarters company, 120th infantry, Sep- Jackson, S. O, to 30th division, Camp Se- tember, 1918. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October 19, 1917. Price, Henry M., Private, Johnson City, Perry, James E., Private, Address not Tenn. Transferred from 81st division, known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. C, Camp Jackson, S. O, to 30th division, February 9, 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Perry, Monroe, Private, Park, Va. E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to Rackley, Henry B., Mechanic, Clifton,. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Perry Sam L., Private, Chicowie, Va. Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, Transferred from 81st division, Camp Camp 120th infantry, October, 1917. Jackson, S. O, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Ragan, Charlie L., Private, Mount infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- Olive, N. C. Wounded in battle of Belli- tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, never court September 29, 1918, returned to U. returned to duty. S. A. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 65

ALFRED B. DEAN IRVIN S. DAVIS R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, Private, Company L, Infantry, 81st Di- 81st Division. Born in Granville County. vision. Born May 2, 1895. Son of James Son of B. F. Dean. Entered service May M. and Jennie F. Davis. Entered service 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. overseas July 31, 1918. Promoted to pri- Went overseas August 2, 1918. Honorably vate, 1st class, January 1, 1919. Honor- discharged June 25, 1919. ably discharged June 25, 1919.

LUTHER DAVIS B. Oxford, N. C. NORMAN DEMENT Sei-geant, Depot Company, First Corps, R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Artillery Park. Born November 22, 1891. Corporal, Company D, 321st Infantry, Son of J. C. Davis. Entered service April 81st Division. Born March 1, 1893. Son 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went ov- of L. H. Dement. Entered service Novem- erseas May 15, 1918. Wounded at Cha- ber 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went teau Thierry, France, July 30, 1918. Hon- overseas July 31, 1918. Promoted to Cor- orably discharged February 10, 1919. poral October 25, 1918. 66 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Reeves, Bower C, Private, Gale, N. C. Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 81st division, Camp infantry, March 29, 1918. Killed in action Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- September 29, 1918, at battle of Bellicourt. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Sales, Silas H., Private, Ellijoy, Ga. infantry, October, 1917. Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- vision, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to Renfrow, James R., Private, Kenly, N. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Wounded in action October 12, 1918. Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Sanders, Arthur I., Corporal, New Hope infantry, October, 1917. Academy, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th di- Richardson, George C, Private, Clifton, vision, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to N. C. Transferred from 81st division, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Sasser, Walter G., Private, Hope Mills, E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- N. C. Deserted at Camp Sevier, S. C, ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29. January 21, 1918. 1918, returned to U. S. A. Shepherd, Joseph P. Private, Gibson- ville, N. 81st divis- Rierson, Halver C, Private, Ruthven, C. Transferred from ion, Jackson, S. to 30th division, Iowa. Transferred from 83rd division, to Camp C, Sevier, S. C, assigned to company 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Camp E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wound- infantry, December, 1918. ed at battle of Bellicourt September 29, Robards. William C, Sergt., Oxford, N. 1918, returned to duty December 15, 1918. C. Slagle, Claude, Private, Bristol, Va. Roberts, Earl C, Sergt., Rougemont, N. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, October, 1917. Slagle, Frank, Private, Bristol, Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade to Robinson, Cornelius P., Private, Chicago, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. 111. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th Killed in action at battle of Bellicourt division, assigned to company E, 120th in- September 29, 1918, buried near same place. fantry, November, 1918. Smith, Louis, Private, Taccoa, Ga. Roe, Johnnie, Private, Chei*okee, S. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. fantry, November, 1918. Smith, Shelby. Private, Saltillo, Miss. Rogers, John R., Private, Sylvia, N. C. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- Transferred from 81st division, Camp vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Jackson, S. to 30th division, Camp Se- C, fantry, November, 1918. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Smith Walter V., Private, Talo. 111. infantry, October, 1917. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- Rose, Claudius N., Private, address not vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- known. Transferred to 113th machine gun fantry, December, 1918. battalion March 25, 1918. Smitherson, Walter L., Private, Little Rush, James C, Private, Green Grove, Lot, Tenn. Transferred from 83rd divis- Ky. Transferred from 84th division, ion to 30th division, assigned to company Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division. Camp E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 67

CONNIE H. DUKE JOHN C. ELEXSON Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Moriah, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company M, 90th In- Private, 1st class, Company L, 322nd Dvision.' Born in 1893. Son fantry, 20th Infantry, 81st Division. Born December of G. W. Duke. Entered service May 16, 11, 1886. Son of W. S. Elexson. Entered 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. to Camp Greene, N. C. Honorably dis- C. Overseas ten months. Honorably dis- charged March 9, 1919. charged June 26, 1919.

ERNEST 0. EAKES Oxford, N. C. ERNEST W. EVANS Cook, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Division. Born September 3, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Eakes. Entered ser- Private, 1st class, Company B, 89th In- vice October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. fantry, 20th Division. Born March 12, C. Promoted to rank of cook November 1895. Son of Sam Evans. Entered service 15, 1917. Overseas May 12, 1918. Hon- November 19, 1917. Honorably discharged orably discharged April 18, 1919. April 24, 1919. 68 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Sorrell, Thomas D., Private, Diarsburg, vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Tenn. Transferred from 83rd division to fantry, November, 1918. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Swartz, William W., Private, Mooley- infantry, November, 1918. ville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Speer, Loyd 0., Private, Medora, Ind. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Transferred from 84th division, Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in ac- S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infan- tion October 10, 1918, returned to duty try, March 29, 1918. from hospital November, 26, 1918. Sports, Kendrick I., Private, Odom, Ga. Sweeton, Charles, Private, Camden, N. to di- Transferred from 83rd division 30th J. Transferred from 83rd division to 30th vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- division, assigned to company E, 120th in- fantry, December, 1918. fantry, December, 1918. Staley, Charles C, Corporal, Richmond, Tate, Albert, Private, Wallace, Va. Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade, as- Staly, William M., Corporal, Hegira, Ky. signed to company E, 120th infantry, Oc- Transferred from 84th division, Camp tober, 1917. Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, Taylor, Albert H., Mess Sergt., Oxford, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th in- N. C. fantry, March 29, 1918. Killed at battle of Taylor, Arthur I., Private, Rising City, Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near Neb. Transferred from 83rd division to same place. 30th division, assigned to company E, Stanford, William D., Private, Lucedale, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Miss. Transferred from 83rd division to Taylor, Emery E., Private, address not 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 84th division infantry, November, 1918. known. to 30th division. Transferred to S. D., Stegall, Clifford, Private, Kingston, 120th infantry, April 16, 1918. Tenn. Transferred from 55th depot bri- gade to company E, 120th infantry, Octo- Tanner, Herman W., Private, Kankakee, ber, 1917. Transferred to hospital at Hali- 111. Transferred from 83rd division to fax, N. S., May 14, 1918. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, November, 1918. Stephens, Waymon W., Private, Pellville, Ky. Transferred from 84th division to Tedford, John H., Private, Greenwood, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Ark. Transferred from 83rd division, to infantry, March 29, 1918. Wounded in ac- 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th tion September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. infantry, November, 1918.

Stewart, Hector N., Private, address not Thacker, Thomas F., Private, Riderwood, known. Transferred from 81st division, Ala. Transferred from 83rd division to Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged at Camp infantry, November, 1918. Sevier, S. C, February 9, 1918. Thompson, Alex M., Private, Taxiey, Ala. Stone, Jesse B., Private, Lake Park, Ga. Transferrd from 83rd division to 30th Transferred from 83rd division to 30th division November, 1918, assigned to com- division, assigned to company E, 120th in- pany E, 120th infantry. fantry, November, 1918. Thompson, John A., Corporal, La Crosse,

Swanson, Roy C, Private, Paxton, 111. Va. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 69

HENRY WESLEY FARABOW ROBERT KENNON FORT Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 120th Private, Battery F, 4th Field Artillery, Infantry, 30th Division. Born September R. D. Born May 17, 1897. Son of B. F. 11, 1897. Son of Dr. C. D. H. and Lucy Farabow. Entered service August 26, 1918, W. Fort. Entered service April 24, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- Corporal August 15, 1918. Went overseas charged December 7, 1918. May 17, 1918. Gassed at Vaux Andigny, France, October 11, 1918. Honorably dis- charged April 17, 1919.

CHARLES DAVISSON HAYS FORT Oxford, N. C. IRA L. FOWLER Private, 1st class, 319th Ambulance Creedmoor, N. C. Company, 80th Division. Born October Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Granville County. 1, 1893. Son of Dr. C. D. H. and Lucy W. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. W. Fowler. Enter- Fort. Entered service September 5, 1917, ed service October 5, 1917, at Camp Sevier, at Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas May 25, S. C. Promoted to Corporal December 1, 1917. eleven months. 1918. Honorably discharged June 9, 1919. Overseas Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919. 70 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918, re- infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- turned to U. S. A. tle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. Wall, James H., Private, Randleman, N. Thorp, Louis, Jr., Sergt., Berea, N. C. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Tillison, Jahue, Private, Denim, Va. vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 55th depot brigade to infantry, October, 1917. Killed in action at company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Bellicourt September 29, 1918, buried near Killed at battle of Bellicourt September same place. 29, 1918, buried near same place. Wallace, John, Private, New York, Minn. Trexler, George H. A., Private, Salis- Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- bury, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, fantry, November, 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Gassed Wallace, William Mc, Private, Othello, N. C. Transferred from 81st division, October 10, 1918, returned to duty No- Jackson, 30th division, vember, 1918. Camp S. C, to Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Tucker, John S., Private, Big Springs, E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Ky. Transferred from 84th division, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp Sevier, Walling, William V. B., Private, Marion, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infan- Va. Transferred from 55th depot brigade try, March 29, 1918. to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Tyrol, George A., Private, Detroit, J., Sergt., Oxford, N. Mich. Transferred from 83rd division to Walters, James C. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Warren, Curtis L., Sergt., Tampa, Fla. infantry, November, 1918. Transferred from 81st division. Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- Ulmer, Charles F., Corporal, Fort Rit- vier, S. assigned to company E, 120th ner, Ind. Transferred from 84th division, C, infantry, April 1918. Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp 26, Sevier, S. C. Gassed September 29, 1918, Watson, John C, Corporal, Jonesboro, assigned to company E, November, 1918. N. C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Vance, Arthur L., Private, Bristol, Tenn. Sevier, S. assigned to company E, Transferred from 55th depot brigade to Camp C, 120th infantry, October, 1917. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Watson, Robert, Jr., Private, Detroit, Vittore, Vito, Private, Bristol, Tenn. Mich. Transferred from 83rd division to Transferred from 55th depot brigade to 30th division, assigned to company E, company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. 120th infantry November, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- ber 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Watt, Wilfred T., Private, Asheville, Transferred 83rd division to Volz, Charlie H., Sergt., Petersburg, Va. Pa. from 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- infantry, November, 1918. ber 29, 1918, returned to duty December, 1918. Webb, Luther M., Private, Valley, N. C. Wagner, Eddie, Private, Glenn Haven, Transferred from 81st division, Camp N. C. Transferred from 81st division to Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Wounded in bat- infantry, October, 1917. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 71

EDWARD A. FRANKLIN B. JOHN FOWLER Stem, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Headquarters Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, Company, 322nd 30th Division. Born in Granville County. Infantry, 81st Division. Born November Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Fowler. Enter- 3, 1894. ' Son of J. G. and Alice T. Frank- ed service August 29, 1916, at Camp Glenn, lin. Entered service September 4, 1917, N. C. Promoted to Corporal December at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- 15, 1918. Cited for bravery near Belli- court, France, September 29, 1918. Hon- charged January 21, 1918, account physi- orably discharged April 18, 1919. Award- cal disability. ed Distinguished Service Cross.

EDWARD YORK FLOYD JOHN EARLY FRAZIER Hester, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company C, Central Officers' Cook, Base Hospital, Port of Embarka- Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Born tion, Newport News, Va. Born January October 4, 1897. Son of H. C. Floyd. En- 7, 1895. Son of Dock C. and Callie Fra- tered service October 1, 1918, at Camp Gordon, Ga. Honorably discharged De- zier. Entered service March 21, 1918, at cember 7, 1918. Camp Jackson, S. C. 72 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Webb, Roy H., Private, Nevada, Mo. Tenn. Transferred from 84th division, Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, Camp vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th fantry, November, 1918. infantry, March 29, 1918.

Westbrook, Cloud L., Corporal, Mount Williford, Charlie, Private, address not Olive, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, C, February 9, 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company Williford, William R., Sergt., Oxford, E, 120th infantry. N. C. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Westbrook, Ransom H., Corporal, Mount September 29, 1918, returned to U. S. A. Olive, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- Willis, Abraham, Private, Henry, N. C. ion, Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Transferred from 81st division to 30th di- Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company E, vision, assigned to company E, 120th infan- 120th infantry, October, 1917. try, October, 1917. Wounded in action Au- Wicks, Arthur L., Private, Mebane, N. gust 14, 1918, returned to U. S. A. C. Transferred from 83rd division to Willis, James F., Private, Milan, Ga. 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th Transferred from 83rd division to 30th di- infantry, December, 1918. vision, assigned to company E, 120th in- Wheatley, Charlie C, Corporal, Roaring fantry, November, 1918. River, N. C. Transferred from 81st divis- Wilson, Leonidas C, Private, address ion, assigned to company E, 120th infan- not known. Transferred to base hospital try, October, 1917. Camp Sevier, S. C, May 1, 1918. White, Edward I., Private, Cannonburg, Wilson, H., Sergt., Asheville, N. Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to Wade C. Transferred to corps and army troops 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th 1918. infantry, November, 1918. March 1, Wilson, Ziba, Private, Mill Springs, N. Wiggins, Scutt, Private, Coalfield, Tenn. C. Transferred from 81st division to 30th Transferred from 55th depot brigade to division, Camp Jackson, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Williams, Fred, Private, Harriman, Tenn. Killed at battle of Bellicourt September Transferred from 55th depot brigade to 29, 1918. company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. Womble, Charlie T., Corporal, Carrboro, Wounded in battle of Bellicourt Septem- N. C. ber 29, 1918. returned to U. S. A. Womble, Exum, Cook, New Hill, N. C. Williams, James R., Corporal, Peytons- Transferred from 81st division, Camp burg, Ky. Transferred from 84th divis- Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- ion, Camp Taylor, Ky., to 30th division, vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th Camp Sevier, S. C, assigned to company infantry, October, 1917. E, 120th infantry, March 29, 1918. Wright, Clifford, Private, Edmons, N. Williams, Quincy, Corporal, Hemlock, C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp N. C. Transferred from 81st diviison to Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th infantry, October, 1917. infantry, October, 1917.

Williams, Robert L., Private, Durham, Wright, Luke G., Private, address not N. C. known. Discharged at Camp Sevier, S. Williams, Verner, Private, Labanon, C, March 25, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 73

ORIAN D. FREEMAN Franklinton, N. C. PHOCIAN FRAZIER Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. 30th Division. Born June 20, 1895. Son of B. L. Freeman. Entered service June Private, U. S. General Hospital No. 1, 26, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went New York, N. Y. Born May 24, 1894. Son overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in bat- of Alfred Frazier. Entered service July tle of Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918. Promoted to Sergeant January 5, 6, 1918, at Camp Greenleaf. 1919. Honorably discharged May 21, 1919.

ELBERT E. FULLER Oxford, N. C. Captain, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born at Roxboro, N. C, November 28, 1878. Son of Junius T. Fuller, M. D. Enlisted in Granville Grays in February, 1908. Commissioned 1st Lieutenant, Company E, 3rd N. C. Infan- try, February 8, 1911. Commissioned Captain March 9, 1914. Entered service for World War July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Overseas May 12, 1918, to July 19, 1919. Served with 120th Infantry in Ypres salient July and August, 1918. Transfer- red to Rents, Requisitions and Claims service, October 1, 1918. Zone Major, Verdun, France, December, 1918, January and February, 1919. Commanding officer, R. R. and C, 42nd and 43rd companies, and R. R. and C. detachment at Toul, France, March, April, May and June, 1919. Honorably discharged August 14, 1919. 74 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Wyatt, James, Corporal, Wagoner, N. the Terdeghen Switch Line, south of Cas- C. Transferred from 81st division, Camp sel, and complete plans were formulated Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, Camp Se- for the occupation of this line by forced vier, S. C, assigned to company E, 120th marches in case of emergency. infantry, October, 1917. Before the completion of its training pe- riod, the division was transferred to the II Wyatt, John S., Private, Piney Creek, British Corps, Second Army, in the Ypres N. C. Transferred from 81st division, sector to be in close support in case of the Camp Jackson, S. C, to 30th division, expected German offensive. This division, Camp Sevier, S. C, October, 1917, assign- the first American division to enter that ed to company E, 120th infantry. kingdom, marched into Belgium on July Huntsville, Tenn. York, Dan, Private, 4th with Division Headquarters at Watou, 120th infantry, Transferred to company E, to be in close support of the 33rd and 49th assigned to com- from 55th depot brigade, British Divisions, and was employed in the 1917. pany E, 120th infantry, October, construction of the East and West Poper- York, Silas, Sergt, Huntsville, Tenn. inghe Defense Systems immediately in rear Transferred to army candidates school, of these two divisions. An immense Langres, France, August, 1918. amount of trench and wire construction was done. Complete plans and orders were Zahner, Charles E., Private, Minneapo- issued for the occupation of the East and lis, Minn. Transferred from 83rd division West Poperinghe Systems by the 30th Di- to 30th division, assigned to company E, vision in the event of a German attack and 120th infantry, November, 1918. a forced withdrawal of the British Divis- Zeiders, Jacob H., Private, Harrisburg, ions in the front. The Division received Pa. Transferred from 83rd division to training in the front line with the 33d and 30th division, assigned to company E, 120th 49th Divisions, first as individuals, then infantry, December, 1918. by platoons, and lastly by entire battalions. On August 17, 1918, the division took THE 30TH DIVISION over the entire sector occupied by the 33rd The 30th Division is a distinctively British Division, 60th Brigade being in the American division. More than 95 per cent, front line, 59th Brigade in support. This of its personnel is of American born par- was known as the Canal Sector and ex- ents. The division is constituted of Na- tended from the southern outskitrs of tional Guard troops of North Carolina, Ypres to the vicinity of Voormezeele, a dis- South Carolina, and Tennessee, augmented tance of 2,400 metres. by many thousands of selective draft troops On August 31st and September 1st the from the states of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, division engaged in an offensive in con- Minnesota, North Dakota, North Carolina, junction with the 14th British Division on South Carolina and Tennessee. the left and 27th American Division on the The division was dubbed "Old Hickory," right. The 30th Division captured all its after the warrior and statesman Andrew objectives, including Lock No. 8, Lankhof Jackson, who was so closely identified with Farm and the City of Voormezeele, ad- the history of the states furnishing the ma- vancing fifteen hundred yards, capturing jor portion of its personnel. fifteen prisoners, two machine guns and The Old Hickory Division landed at the thirty-five rifles. As a result of this ad- port of Calais, France, on the 24th day of vance the 236th Division, which was con- May, 1918, and was billeted in the Eper- sidered an average German division, was locques Training Area. While in this area identified. During the six weeks previous the officers of the division reconnoitered to this advance many attempts had been GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 75

FRANK HAYS FURMAN ROBERT WOODSON GLASSCOCK Oxford, N. C. Virgilina, Va. Private, 1st class, 319th Ambulance Private, Students' Army Training Corps, Company, 80th Division. Born March 9, Elon College, N. C. Born September 3, 1897. Son of Otis and Lucy Hays Fur- 1897. Son of M. W. Glasscock. Entered man. Entered service August 15, 1917, at service October 12, 1918, at Elon College, Camp Lee, Va. Honorably discharged N. C. Honorably discharged December 11, April 15, 1918. 1918.

LEE CURRIN GOOCH MARK G. GARRETT Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Central Officers' Private, 114th Field Artillery, 30th Di- Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Born vision. Born March 27, 1891. Son of John February 23, 1890. Son of Daniel J. W. Garrett. Entered service April 26, Gooch. Entered service September 1, 1917, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went over- at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Sec- seas June 7, 1918. Honorably discharged ond Lieutenant September 5, 1918. Hon- April 3, 1919. orably discharged February 2, 1919. ,

76 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

made by the British and our own troops to basement of a large stone building, which identify this German Division. the enemy used for headquarters. Other On September 4th and 5th the division tunnels ran from the main tunnel eastward was withdrawn from the Canal Sector and to the City of Bellicourt and other places. placed in British G. H. Q. reserve with Di- This complete subterranean system, with vision Headquarters at Roellecourt, France. its hidden exits and entrances unknown to While in this area the entire division was us, formed a most complete and safe sub- trained in attacking in conjunction with terranean method of communication and British tanks. reinforcement for the German sector. On September 17th the division was The 30th Division, the 60th Brigade, again moved farther south with Division augmented by units of the 117th Infantry Headquarters at Herissart, and on Sep- attacking, assaulted this line at 5:50 a. m., tember 22d was moved to the British September 29th, on a front of three thous- Fourth Army with Division Headquarters and yards, captured the entire Hindenburg at Bois de Buire, near Tincourt, taking ov- system of that sector and advanced far- er a front line sector, from the 1st Aus- ther, capturing the tunnel system with the tralian Division, on the night of 23rd and German troops therein, and took the 24th. cities of Bellicourt, Nauroy, Riqueval, Car- On September 29th this division, with the riere, Etricourt, Guillaine Ferme and 27th American division on the left and the Ferme de Riqueval, advancing four thous- 46th British division on the right, assault- and two hundred yards, defeating two ene- ed the Hindenburg line. The Hindenburg my divisions of average quality (the 75th line at this point curves in front of the Tun- Reserve Division and the 185th Division) nel of St. Quentin. This was considered taking as prisoners 47 officers and 1,434 impregnable by the Germans for the fol- men. lowing reasons : The Hindenburg line On October 1st and 2d the 30th Division curving west of the tunnel consisted of was relieved by the 5th Australian Divis- three main trench systems protected by ion and moved to back area with Division vast fields of heavy barbed wire entangle- Headquarters at Herbecourt. The divi- ments skillfully placed ; this wire was very sion scarcely reached this area when it was heavy and had been damaged very little by marched back and took over the front line, artillery fire. The dominating ground en- in the same sector, from the 2d Australian abled them to bring devastating machine Division near Montbrehain on the night of gun fire on all approaches. The lines had October 4th-5th. been strengthened with concrete machine On October 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th, the gun emplacements. It contained at this 30th Division attacked each day, advanc- point a large number of dugouts, lined with ing 17,500 yards, and capturing le Tilleul mining timbers, with wooden steps lead- d'Archives, le Petit Cambresis, Becquigny, ing down to a depth of about 30 feet, with Mon. Sarasin, le Trou Aux Soldats, Busig- small rooms capable of holding from four ny, Gloriette, le Vert Donjon, Escaufourt, to six men each. In many cases these dug- le Rond Pont. Vaux-Andigny, Valee Has- outs were wired for electric light. The ard, la Haie Menneresse, la Rochelle, le large tunnel through which the canal ran, Vent de Bise, St. Souplet, St. Benin, Malas- was of sufficient capacity to shelter a di- sise, Geneve, half of Montbrehain, Bran- vision. This tunnel was electrically light- court. Premont, Vaux-le-Pretre, Brancou- ed and filled with barges. Connecting it court, Fraicourt Ferme, Bois Mirand, But- with the Hindenburg trench system were ry Ferme, la Sabliere Bois, Becquignette numerous tunnels. In one case a direct Ferme, Bois de Malmaison, Malmaison tunnel ran from the main tunnel to the Ferme, Bois de Busigny, Bois l'Ermitage, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 77

ROLAND LEWIS GOOCH JAMES 0. GORDON Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 3, Oxford, N. C. Sei'geant, Base Hospital No. 45, Toul, Private, Battery C, 3rd Regiment, Field France. Born August 3, 1895. Son of Artillery, R. D. Born in Granville Coun- Daniel J. and Alice C. Gooch. Entered ty. Son of Lewis W. and Sallie A. Gor- service February 28, 1918, at Camp Lee, don. Entered service August 26, 1918, Va. Went overseas April 15, 1918. Hon- at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- orably discharged April 29, 1919. charged December 13, 1918.

AUGUSTUS W. GRAHAM, JR. Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Field Artillery Reserve Corps. Born August 12, 1891. Son of Judge A. W. and Lucy A. Graham. Entered service May 24, 1918, at Oxford, N. C. Sent to Camp Jackson, Columbia, S. C. Promoted to rank of Lieutenant No- vember 26, 1918. Volunteered for Second Officers' Training Camp but was rejected because too light in weight for height; later drafted and sent to Camp Jackson. Transferred to Field Artillery, Central Officers' Training School at Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky., on August 7, 1918. Graduated November 26, 191S. Commissioned November 26, 1918. Honorably discharged November 27, 1918. ;; .

78 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Bois Proyart, Imberfayt and Du Guet Fas- men and the skillful use of all arms com- sioux Fermes, taking prisoners 45 officers bined with clever utilization of the diversi- and 1,889 men. The 59th Brigade began this fied terrain. The 3d German Naval Divi- attack on October 8th and captured all their sion, one of the crack German divisions, objecitves, including Premont and Bran- was hastily thrown in in an attempt to stop court. During this operation from October the advance. 8th to 11th the 30th Division encountered The division was then withdrawn to the units from fourteen German divisions, clas- Heilly Training Area, near Amiens, for re- sified by the British High Command as fol- placemnets and a well-earned rest; Divis-

lows : 34th Division, average ; 20th Divis- ion Headquarters at Querrieu. Two weeks

ion, very good ; 24th Division, very good later, when orders for an immediate re- 21st Division, average; 21st Reserve Divi- turn to the front were expected daily, the sion, average; 38th Dviision, very good; armistice with Germany was signed No- 119th Division, average; 121st Division, vember 11, 1918. The fighting being over, average; 187th Sharpshooting Section, very the II American Corps was released from good; 204th Division, average; 208th Di- the British E. F., with which it had been vision, average; 3d Naval Division, very associated since its arrival in France, and

good ; 15th Reserve Division, average. transferred to the American E. F. in the The 30th Division was relieved by the Le Mans area, where the first units of the 27th Division on October llth-12th, but re- 30th Division arrived and Division Head- turned on October 16th and took over a part quarters were opened at Ballon on Novem- of the same line at the same place, being ber 21st. the right half of the sector temporarily During the above operations the advance held by the 27th. The next attack was was so rapid and the troops withdrawn so launched on October 17th, 18th and 19th soon, there was no opportunity to gather against the 221st Division, average; 243d up and salvage a great number of guns

Division, average ; 29th Division, very good and supplies captured, which were left for advancing nine thousand yards and cap- the salvage troops of the Fourth British turing 6 officers and 412 men, and the Army. Upon a partial check by the units towns of Molain, St.-Martin Riviere, Ri- of the division, it is known that at least beauville, Ecaillon, Mazinghein and Ribeau- 72 field artillery pieces, 26 trench mortars, court Ferme. 426 machine guns, and 1,792 rifles were During much of the fighting from Octo- captured in addition to a great mass of ; ber 8th to 11th and from 17th to 19th, dif- material. This represents but a portion ficulties of the terrain were very great, of the captures. In many instances field with the country greatly broken by small guns taken from the Germans were turned patches of woods and villages with unev- over to the supporting artillery and used en terrain, and occasional large towns, ad- by them upon the retreating enemy. mirably added to the machine gun defense of Total number of prisoners captured by which the Germans took every advantage. this divisoin from September 29th to Octo- The La Selle River with high banks beyond ber 20th: 98 officers. 3,750 men. During was obstinately defended. In spite of these the same period we lost 3 officers and 24 difficulties the advance continued, often men as prisoners; 44 officers and 4,823 without artillery support, and was made men wounded (including slightly wounded possible only by the determination of the and slightly gassed) GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 79

WILLIAM JAMES GRANT REUBEN S. GREENWAY Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 5, Virgilina, Va. Second Lieutenant, Infantry, First Re- placement Regiment, Camp Pike, Ark. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, Born January 16, 1894. Son of James A. 81st Division. Born in Granville Coun- Grant. Entered service May 13, 1917, at ty. Son of J. D. Greenway. Entered ser- Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Promoted to Second vice May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. Lieutenant August 15, 1917. Wounded in C. Went overseas August 11, 1918. Hon- battle of St. Souplet. Honorably dis- orably discharged June 25, 1919. charged April 18, 1919.

WILLIAM H. GREGORY HAROLD F. GREEN Stovall, N. C. Northside, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Motor Transport Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, Corps, Army Supply Base, Norfolk, Va. 30th Division. Born July 30, 1897. Son Born September 29, 1895. Son of W. H. of B. E. Green. Entered service June 22, Gregory. Entered service November 13, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went over- 1917, at Philadelphia, Pa. Promoted to seas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged Second Lieutenant September 5, 1918. April 18, 1919. Honorably discharged June 12, 1919. 80 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

THE 120TH INFANTRY, U. S. A., ON soldiers, though we still talked in low HIS MAJESTY'S SERVICE tones of our first casualties who had join- ed the British throng in "Flanders Field." CALAIS

June 5, 1918, is a landmark in this regi- BELGIUM ment, for that day the last of its units Suddenly our training stops, orders landed on French soil. We already knew come to move, we march away, north, we were at war, but when the wind now north, north. Where are we going and blew from the right direction the thunder what for? Was the Boche attacking? On of the guns told us the party was still go- the fourth of July, our Division crossed ing on, and in spite of the assurance on into Belgium, the first American troops in every side that we were too late, we saw the "cock pit" of Europe. We are going a fair chance of taking a hand in the game. into the "Salient" the Boche is going to Calais! Calais! the jewel of an English attack. Not all the way, however, as the Queen, but to our men the place where all regiment finally stops at "Road Camp," a their possession, their jewels, from a sweet- city of "Nissen Huts," and training is be- heart's sweater to the extra pair of "hobs" gun again. One battalion at a time goes were taken from them and turned into sal- into the famous "Salient" with the Brit- vage. Calais, where our load was lighten- ish, another works on the trench systems, ed and with British arms in fighting trim, east and west of Poperinghe. Orders to we left the American Army never to re- occupy and hold these lines at all cost, join it until the armistice was signed. should the Boche attack, are issued but he Packed "40 Hommes" to a car, we depart- does not attack and each battalion has an ed for the British Army and for training, opportunity to learn the game from our under a new system, in the Eperlocques British comrades. We grow more and more Training Area. British and billets were callous, in regard to casualties, they grow new to us, but we soon adjusted ourselves in number and the little American plots to the new conditions. We learned that a grow in size. The hum of the bombing lorry was not a soft drink, but a welcomed planes overhead no longer keeps you awake. sight to a tired P. B. I. We learned that You can now tell from the whistle of the an "indent" was for the purpose of draw- shell whether they are coming dangerously ing rations and clothing and not a field near and no longer duck into a shell hole, punishment. We learned that a "chit" only to feel very foolish when it bursts a was not used in gambling but for drawing mile away. "Scotch liquor." We learned many things Finally the news comes that we are go- and learned them rapidly, all but one, ing in on our own, "taking over" from the "Tommy" shoes. In the meanwhile we 33rd British, in what was known as "The were told the Boche would probably try Canal Sector," on the southern outskirts of to drive in the Hazelbrook Sector and offi- Ypres. Our first relief was a complete cers were rushed off each day to make re- success and without a casualty. One o'clock connaisance of the line, we would be ex- in the morning found us responsible for a pected to occupy and hold at "all cost." mile of front ; our sister regiment, the Lines are always held that way. As many 119th on our right and on their right the officers and men as possible were sent for 27th (New York) Division, who were to tours with the British in the Ypres Sal- be our brothers-in-arms from that time ient, coming back, each with his story of until the end. Belgium Battery Corner things seen and heard. We began to speak and the other famous places in Flanders' knowingly of patrols, gas, 92's and work- history became part of our own. We pit- ing parties. We were becoming regular ted our wits against the crafty Hun's and GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 81

E. B. HARDEE LOOMIS MALCOMBE HALE Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, B, Infantry, Students' Sergeant, 100th Aero Squadron, Air Company Service. Born January 8, 1891. Son of Army Training Corps, Trinity College, John W. Hale. Entered service August Durham, N. C. Born August 22, 1898. Son 16, 1917, at Kelly Field, San Antonio, of Dr. P. R. Hardee. Entered service Oc- Texas. Overseas seventeen months. Hon- tober 10, 1918, at Durham, N. C. Hon- orably discharged June 13, 1919. One of the survivors of the Tuscania, the first orably discharged December 10, 1918. American ship torpedoed.

JOHN GREENE HALL ALFRED SIDNEY HARRIS Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, Infantry, Camp Wagoner, 305th Ambulance Company, Grant, 111. Born May 9, 1898. Son of Au- 80th Division. Born August 15, 1899. Son gustus S. and Pansy R. Hall. Entered of Thomas L. and Lavina Harris. Enter- service September 15, 1918, at Camp Grant, 111. Received training for Second ed service August 1, 1918, at Camp Lee, Va. Lieutenant at Plattsburg, N. Y. Honor- Went overseas September 15, 1918. Hon- ably discharged December 11, 1918. orably discharged July 5, 1919. 82 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

held our own. We learned his habits, his in. The relief came off as scheduled; the plans for and time of shelling, avoiding British took back their salient and we both. This required considerable study as moved out to "Dirty Bucket Camp" to be the shelling was constant and from every bathed and deloused. After having spent direction. It was, however, most consol- twenty days in the line, this was badly ing to see the British send "Jerry" ten needed. shells back for each one he sent over and From "Dirty Bucket" the regiment to know the enemy planes never dared to marched to Proven, where it entrained, come over our lines except at night. We landing in the vicinity of St. Pol, as part didn't fear the Boche, but we did fear we of the First British Army. This area was would be kept in that salient of mud, slime one of the most beautiful and comfortable and filth throughout the winter, holding we were ever in. Here also we had our lines, being killed and not able to fight first instruction in working in conjunc- back. We tried not to think of it, but we tion with tanks. They made a great im- couldn't help doing so. Finally some one pression on all of us and gave us a feeling higher decided the line should be changed that with tanks to help we could go any and any change, of course, meant pushing where. After a stay of two weeks in this the Hun a little farther back. We were area we moved to the Acheaux Area and anxious over the result and pleased at the became a part of the Fourth British Army. chance, for at least, we would have an op- This area had been subjected to a full share portunity to get at him. The men went of the Hun's hate, but was a wonderful over in the middle of the day, without ar- training area. We worked very hard, as tillery support; they were wonderful, as each of us felt that the time was rapidly cool and unconcerned as if on a tactical approaching when we would have the best exercise. Fortunately, the enemy was not we had put to the test. One day we were on his job and this regiment picked up told the time was near at hand, partial de- fourteen of the fifteen prisoners captured; tails were given us and a rehearsal put on. the first identification secured on the front By some unfortunate accident, the big for a considerable time, if we except a show which came later was an exact dupli- Chinaman captured by this regiment in cate of this practice exercise. No terrain

front of Post No. 5, and whose presence exercise was ever so successful. Each offi- there was never explained. The new line cer and man seemed to feel approaching as established was held, though the Boche events, and put his whole soul into the when he did wake up to what had taken work. We moved again, this time at night. place made the whole sector uncomforta- Long lines of lorries assembled, the troops ble. The operation was a success, the ene- embussed ( ?) without a hitch, and the col- my division was classed as "fair" and if umn moved into the night. All night we he was "fair," well, his best, we decided, rode, through shell-wrecked Albert, along could not be much better than we were, the marshy Sorame, through historic Per- for it increased wonderfully our confi- rone, where the Boche had been just a few dence in our own ability. We were all days before, and the first rays of the morn-

satisfied from the Army Commander to the ing sun found us debussed ( ?) at Tincourt, lowest private. As a reward for our work, tired but ready. That afternoon we

the news came of our relief, and that it marched up still closer to the line, spend- had been decided we were too good to waste ing the night in any place we could find, in sedentary warfare and were ordered to hoping the shells coming over would not be G. H. Q. reserve troops, whatever that land in our midst. The 59th Brigade was was. We were assured, however, that it in the line. What were we to do? meant a chance to fight whenever we went September 29th.—Foch was to play, GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 83

GRAHAM WAVERLY HARRIS RICHARD W. HARRIS Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Oxford, N. C. Infantry, 30th Division. Born June 24, Private, Provost Guard, Camp Jackson, 1893. Son of Robert W. and Mary D. Har- S. C. Born September 27, 1890. Son of ris. Entered service July 15, 1917, at E. C. Harris. Entered service May 25, Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May 1918, at Jackson, S. C. Honorably 12, 1918. Wounded in France. Awarded Camp Distinguished Service Cross. Honorably discharged February 12, 1919. discharged April 17, 1919. Decorated at Washington, D. C, by Prince of Wales on November 13, 1919, with British M. M. Medal.

GEORGE R. HARRISON, JR. Oxford, N. C. HARVEY REDIE HARRIS Private, Company C, Engineers First R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Replacement, 1st Regiment. Born August Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, 19, 1889. Son of George R. Harrison, Sr. 81st Division. Born October 2, 1893. Son Entered service December 14, 1917, at of Aldridge Harris. Entered service May Fort Thomas, overseas 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas Ky. Went May 9, nine months. Honorably discharged June 1918. Honorably discharged July 21, 27, 1919. 1919. 84 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR on this clay, his "master stroke," hurling leave an open road for the Australians who the 1st, 3d, and 4th British armies against were to follow us. We were determined to the Hindenburg Line, between St. Quentin win, though our faith was tempted by be- and Cambrai. If it failed, the war would ing told we would not succeed, as the line probably drag along for months yet to was too strong. come; if successful, it meant the with- At 4 :30 a. m. all troops were reported drawal of enemy forces in Belgium and on "tape" and the slow passing seconds along the line of the Meuse before their each seemed an age. At 5 :45 we stood with only two gateways into Germany could be watch in hand. Would the seconds ever closed. About half way between these two pass? At 5:49 all was still, a deathly si- cities, or what is left of cities, the St. lence. As the final second came the thun- Quentin Canal passes for a distance of der of all ages seemed to break at once, the 6,000 yards underground. This sector was earth trembled and the flashes of hundreds in the center of the salient alloted to the of guns in the early dawn gave it all a fear- 4th British Army. For four years the ene- some aspect. The troops were off with the my had been adding to a natural strength second, hugging the barrage, for success every means known to man, as this sector depended on getting the Boche before he was the only place on the entire front over could get out. The first lines were won which tanks could operate and was the vi- when there settled over the battlefield a tal spot in the famous line. The entire fog so thick, and whose density was so ad- frontage was alloted to the Second Ameri- ded to by the smoke of bursting shells, that can Army Corps, the left of the sector was officers lost all touch with their men ; one given to the 27th Division, and the right to could not see ten feet ahead of him ; units the 30th. The "Tar Heel" Brigade of the became mixed, but each man with the ob- 30th Division was assigned to the Divis- jective printed on his mind and the honor ional Front, and to this regiment was giv- of his regiment enshrined in his heart, en the right of the Divisional Front. The plowed on, not knowing whether he was the job cut out for this regiment included three only one or his squad the only squad on the rows of wire, each forty feet deep ; three job. Perhaps they were working their way rows of the Hindenburg Line ; the southern to death or capture, but turn back, never. end of the Tunnel, which would hold a di- It was the supreme test of troops ; had they vision of troops in perfect security, and the failed it could have been forgiven, but they cities of Bellicourt, Nauroy and Requeval, did not fail and the rays of the sun pierc- all fortified to the last degree, and dotted ing the fog at 10:00 a. m. found the 120th about over the entire area were numerous on their objective, the only regiment in the concrete machine gun implacements, against whole attack which went through and on which shell fire was impotent. On the time. The road was open to the Austra-

night of the 27th we relieved the 118th In- lians ; the lines had been broken, the de- fantry, of the 59th Brigade. On the morn- fences were ours. Our losses were griev- ing of the 29th we were to go over, sup- ous; but the accomplishments, as Field ported by a creeping barrage and tanks. Marshal Sir Douglas Haig said, "Made fin- Our plans had been worked out, each bat- al victory possible." Over a thousand pris- talion, company and man had been assign- oners and spoils, never counted, were in ed to a job ; each one understood thorough- our hands. Boche officers captured, when ly what he was to do ; each one knew the told the operations had been a success, great importance of the task assigned. would not believe it, but when finally con- Companies pledged themselves to go vinced threw up their hands in despair, through to their objectives, even if only saying, "It is over ; there is nothing between one man was left. We were determined to vou and the Rhine." GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 85

ALLEN T. HART NELSON NORFLEET HARTE Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Corpora], Supply Company, 322nd Infan- Private, Infantry, Students' Army Train- try, 81st Division. Born March 18, 1895. ing Corps, Wake Forest College, Wake Son of H. S. Hart. Entered service Sep- Forest, N. C. Born in Petersburg, Va., tember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. April, 5, 1900. Son of Rev. J. D. Harte. Went overseas August 11, 1918. Promoted Entered service October 1, 1918, at Wake to Corporal November 15, 1918. Honora- Forest, N. C. Honorably discharged De- bly discharged June 25, 1919. cember 12, 1918.

JOHN B. HART Creedmoor, N. C. ROY COOPER HART Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry. 30th Division. Born April 15, 1896. Son R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. of John E. Hart. Entered service April Private, Company D, Machine Gun 30, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted Training Center, Camp Hancock, Ga. Bom to Corporal October 11, 1917. Went over- January 18, 1896. Son of Robert and Eu- seas May 12, 1918. Wounded at Mount la Hart. Entered service September 13, Boheim, France, October 10, 1918. Hon- 1918, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Honorably orably discharged April 18, 1919. discharged February 9, 1919. 86 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Two days later we were taken out, but RETROSPECT not for long. We marched back to the vi- As we look back, it is with a keen feel- cinity of Amiens only to retrace our steps ing of satisfaction. This regiment has at once and back into the lines, this time nothing for which it has to apologize or

furnishing two battalions as reserve troops explain ; we have been assigned our task for the 59th Brigade, and in the fighting and our task has been successfully accom- of this Brigade, in the taking of Premont plished. and Brancourt, on the 8th of October, one We have been fortunate in our Division of our companies "mopped up" the town Commander and his Staff. We believed of Brancourt and two companies held the they knew this regiment could be counted outpost line in the vicinity of Premont. on to carry out their instructions, and we Here we found them in the early hours of do not believe this confidence has been the next morning, the morning when we misplaced. We, in turn, have expected were to pass through the 118th and drive from them assistance in their various de- the Hun across the La Salle River, six partments, and they have never failed us. miles from the jumping off place. The We have alternately hated and admired other battalion was found in the vicinity of our Brigade Commander. To him is due Montbrehain unaware of the coming fight. the making of this Division, and today we How these men managed to get in place feel his labor deserves recognition it has in time to follow the attacking troops is not received. an unsolved mystery, but the same spirit The Colonel has won from all ranks which carried each individual on and on in their admiration, respect and love. His the attack of the 29th, sustained them ability to lead, his unfailing fairness in again and the towns of Becquigny, La recognizing ability and rewarding merit, Hale, Menneress and Vaux Andigny were regardless of friends or friendship, has in our hands. To the city of Bohain, we created within this regiment a brother- diverted troops to aid our British comrades hood of officers which is rarely found. who were unable to advance. Our troops The work of our officers is shown in the entered the city from the rear and soon casualty list. They have led their men. the situation was clarified. After several Their orders have not been "go," but "fol- days of fighting we were relieved by a reg- low me." iment from the 27th Division, and for a The men have proven themselves worthy few days we rested, getting a fresh breath. of glorious sires, from Ypres to Catillon. Back into the line again, we passed through They have fought on, ahvays successful, the 118th Infantry. On we went, taking but with ranks growing thinner each day. the town of Mazingheim, and when finally This regiment never received replacements

stopped, on October 19th, by exhaustion to fill its losses, and as its ranks grew and lack of men, our troops were on the thinner its courage increased. They earn- Heights of Catillon and overlooking the ed the admiration and courage of their Sensee Canal. This time we were relieved British comrades-in-arms by their lack of by the British and this time for good. The fear, their willingness to go and their de- war was over for us, as the 11th of No- termination to hold what they had taken. vember found the regiment in a training For our British allies we will always area getting the first replacements and have the happiest recollections. We are making ourselves ready for another push. proud to have served with them. For a We left the British Army a few weeks long time we believed ourselves "out of later, moving to the S. 0. S. Area near Le luck" in not being with the American Army, Mans, where we had our first experience but we no longer think so. We profited by with the American Army. their four years of war ; we profited by GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 87

GRATIS HASWELL BENJAMIN FRANKLIN HESTER R. F. D. 3, Youngsville, N. C. Hester, N. C. Private, Battery F, 3rd Field Artillery. Second Lieutenant, 24th Company, Cen- Born April 9, 1897. Son of E. J. Haswell. tral Officers' Training School, Camp Gor- Entered service August 26, 1918, at Camp don, Ga. Born October 1, 1890. Son of Jackson, discharged De- S. C. Honorably W. A. Hester. Entered service July 13, 11, 1918. cember 1918, at Clemson College, S. C. Promoted to Second Lieutenant, Infantry Reserve Corps, January 15, 1919. Released from active duty January 15, 1919.

BENJAMIN K. HAYS, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Captain, Medical Corps, U. S. A. Born July 3, 1870. Son of John W. Hays. En- HUGH BRYAN HESTER tered service May 6, 1918, at Camp Green- leaf, Ga. Commissioned June 15, 1917. Oxford, N. C, Transferred to Camp Lee, Va., June 20, Captain, 12th Field Artillery, 2nd Di- 1918, to Army Training School, New Hav- vision. Born August 5, 1895. Son of Wil- en, Conn., July 4, 1918, to U. S. General Hospital, Oteen, N. C, September 3, 1918. liam A. and Mary E. Hester. Entered Honorably discharged August 23, 1919. service April 15, 1917, at Fort Oglethorpe, Also examining physician to Granville Ga. Went overseas September J, 1917. County Local Board. :

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR their wonderful Service of Supply, or Ar- ished by the relatives and friends of the my Service Corps, which is the most per- rank and file of the II Corps ; for the ring fect organization in any army. Our troops of them is so genuine never missed a meal regardless of condi- "On the 29th of September, you partici- tions. This we attributed to the British pated with distinction in a great and criti- and Australian training and supply. We cal attack, which shattered the enemy's re- missed our own artillery, which was sistance on the Hindenburg Line, and which "down south" in France, but we were giv- opened the road to final victory. The deeds en Australian artillery, and better there of the 27th and 30th American Divisions, never was. It was always at the right which took Bellicourt and Nauroy, and place at the right time. They were fight- gallantly sustained the desperate struggle ers, and today a "Digger" can always find for Bony, will rank with the highest himself a welcome guest in this regiment. achievements of the war. The names of We are going home, we hope to stay, but Brancourt, Premont, Busigny, Vaux An- if we have fighting to do again, give this digny, St. Souplet and Wassigny will tes- regiment "Jocks" or "Diggers" on our tify to the dash and energy of your attacks. flanks ; "Diggers" handling the guns which I am proud to have had you in my com- cover us; British airmen overhead and the mand." Army Service Corps in the rear; give us It was Marshal Foch himself who testi- these and we will attempt anything. fied that the shattering of the vital spur of the Hindenburg Line by the Fourth Brit- ish Army and the American II Corps, in SIR DOUGLAS HAIG'S TRIBUTE the last days of September, "opened the In parting with the American II Corps, road to final victory." For the British and which sustained the battle shock and shared Colonials, going into battle was an the glory of one of the most brilliant ope- old story. Experience had made their rations of the war, Field Marshal Haig nerves steady, and they knew what to do does not utter the language of enconium. in any emergency. The Americans had Would these men of the North and the look of new men, so fresh, so keen, so- South, whose fathers wore the blue and unscarred by the tragedy of war. They gray in the Civil War, bear themselves looked very young, many of these American worthily under Old Glory in the titanic boys, but hard and fit. For the most of struggle in France? Would they prove them, no doubt, it was a baptism by fire. the peers of their veteran comrades in As the event proved, they feared nothing, arms who had fought so gallantly and had risked everything, would not be held back, known death hourly in four terrible years but nevertheless were admirably steady. of war? Would these American youths, The only fault found with them by the old whose homes were three thousand miles heads of the British Army was that "they across the Atlantic, stand up in the great set the pace too hard, and were too eager ordeal as resolutely for their ideals and to get forward" against an enemy whose with like indifference for the perils of the ingenuity in masking machine guns was

European battlefields, where courage must devilish ; but the fault, which was a virtue, have the quality of fatalism? Sir Douglas endeared our men to the British, whom Haig answers in words that will be cher- experience had taught to be wary. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 89

ROBERT BENTON HIGHT JAMES GRAHAM HOBGOOD N. C. Oxford, R. F. D. 5, Oxford, N. C. Base Hos- Private, Medical Department, Private, Company B, U. S. Guards. Born pital, Sever, S. C. Born May 19, Camp March 8, 1891. Son of Frank and Claudie Anna E. 1896. Son of Robert M. and Hobgood. Entered service May 24, 1918, service October 4, 1917, Hight. Entered at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- Transferred to at Camp Jackson, S. C. charged December 18, 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably discharged February 28, 1919.

JOSHUA HOBGOOD ELBERT BUXTON HOBGOOD Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Private, Company A, 306th Ammunition Private, 1st class, Quartermaster Corps, Train, 81st Division. Born June 23, 1892. 81st Division. Born June 9, 1891. Son Son of Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Hobgood. of Royall Lee and Cora Hobgood. Enter- Entered service November 12, 1917, at ed service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Au- S. C. Honorablv discharged March 10, gust 5, 1918. Honorablv discharged June 1919. 26, 1919. 90 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Who Broke the Hindenburg Line?

American Expeditionary Forces ish Army depended. From October 7th to Office of the Commander-in-Chief October 20th, the Division advanced 23 kilometers in a continued series of attacks, France, February 19, 1919. capturing 2,352 of the enemy. Bran- H. Lewis, Com- Major General Edward court, Premont, Busigny, St. Bernin, St. manding 30th Division, A. E. F.: Souplet and Escaufort, La Haie, Mineresso My Dear General Lewis: It gives and Vaux Andigny are names which will me great pleasure to extend to you and the live in the memories of those who fought officers and men of the 30th Division my in the 30th Division. But its especial glory sincere compliments upon their appear- will always be the honor you won by break- ance at the review and inspection on the ing the Hindenburg Line on September 21st of January, southwest of Teille, which 29th. Such a record is one of which we was excellent and is just what would be are all proud. expected in a command with such a splen- It is gratifying to see your troops in did fighting record. such good physical shape, but still more so After its preliminary training, the Di- to know that this almost ideal condition vision entered the line on July 16th, where will continue to the end of their service it remained almost continuously until the and beyond, as an exemplification of their end of October. In that time it was in the high character and soldiery qualities. actual battle from the 30th of August and I inspected the artillery brigade of the took part in the Ypres-Lys and Somme of- Division later, and found the same high fensives. On September 29th, the Divi- standard of personnel that marks the rest sion broke through both the Hindenburg of the Division. and the Le Catelet-Nauroy lines, capturing Very sincerely yours, Bellicourt and Nauroy, an operation on John J. Pershing. which all subsequent action of the 4th Brit- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 91

THOMAS GARLAND HOBGOOD JOSEPH HORTON R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Casualty Company No. 618. Cook, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Born October 20, 1896. Son of Henry Tay- Division. Born November 15, 1895. Son lor and Pattie Hobgood. Entered service of Henry Horton. Entered service July August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 8, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Promoted Went overseas October 28, 1918. Honor- to cook September 26, 1917. Went over- ably discharged June 21, 1919. seas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919.

SIDNEY M. HOCKADAY ERNEST BRODIE HOWARD Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Motor Supply Train, No. 418. Second Lieutenant, Central Born January Officers' 16, 1896. Son of H. C. Training School, Camp Gordon, Ga. Born Hockaday. Entered service March 20, November 13, 1889. Son of Eugene K. 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas and Emily A. Howard. Entered service ten months. Honorably discharged June June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Hon- 25, 1919. orably discharged December 1, 1918. — :

92 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

The Conquest of the Cootie

They run wild, simply wild, over me. What a sight it was to see these soldats They run me wild, just as wild as I can be, americains in groups of twenty, clothes Underneath my shirt, under arms, marching to the slaughter, Everywhere there's beaucoup dirt, fearing what might be done to them in or- The small ones, the big ones, I scratch until I hurt. der to separate them from the pesky pests, Every night how they fight over me!

I get as mad, just as mad, as I can be but with grim smiles of satisfaction on Down my pants-leg, on my chest, their faces nevertheless. In my eyebrows they've made nests, "Hey, Bill, what will you gimme for two me. They run wild, simply wild over males and an old female?" The situation was fierce. Everybody had "Gee, soldier, you must have 'em bad. them. Nobody was ashamed of it. How Saw you go through twice yesterday. Try a little salt on their tails next time." we scratched ! Everywhere could be seen soldiers standing like Napoleon with hands "Say, Henry, how many you got?" thrust in blouses. The Major was raging. "Boy-howdy ! Buckoo. Caught one Action was necessary. this morning that had two service stripes Said a well known Medico, "Hell's bells, and a wound chevron." we must get rid of these things. What is On this morning of Victory when Peace the matter with this Division Decooter- by day and Rest by night seemed within izing Outfit?" the grasp of every betroubled soldier, a Top "Nothing," replied the Division Surgeon Cutter, standing in front of his outfit, com- (by indorsement, of course), "We will get manded, "All men who have cooties, for- to you in time. You can stand them a ward MARCH ! Bat'ry, HALT." little longer." Down in the plant, what a sight ! Clouds But thinks this Doctor, "I just can't of steam filled the room. Indistinctly one wait. We will have scratched our lives could see naked bodies, glistening pink away before that outfit gets to us. By from the heat, and above all came the heck, I'll build a decooterizer, but where shouts of delight at the collective death of can I get the materials?" some particularly voracious squadron of "How do you usually get things in this pests. man's army?" Listen to this soldier's farewell to his personal bunch of free boarders So this good doctor, a wise old man, Swore, "I can chase cooties as well as any man "Though I've chased you and I've scratched you, can." By this little egg that hatched you, So he buscowed a barrel and a G. I. can, You're a damn good fighting bug, Made a decooterizer—and the damn things ran! You Hunk o' Dirt."

The next day out came the order from Here comes one buck private, fresh from the Personnel Office. Each outfit in turn the steam bath, with nothing to hide his must be deloused. Each man must bring nakedness but a slicker and a pair of a complete change of clothes—if he had boots. He was S. 0. L. —he had but one them—otherwise he was to be attired simp- uniform. Barrels were not to be had, so ly but effectively in boots and slicker. Not he braved the battery of amazed faces of only were the men to go through the plant, the village demoiselles to reach the refuge but all old blankets, shirts, ragged socks, of his own billet. But he is happy. "Olive and breeches, holes and all, must try "Doc oil, monsieur Cootie, vous etes S. 0. L. Spavin's Cootie Killing Success." vourself maintenant." GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 93

BUCK DUKE HOWELL McKINLEY REED HOWELL R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company 60th Private, Company G, 119th Infantry, Pioneer Infantry. Born August 27, 1896. 30th Division. Born February 7, 1894. Son of J. Walter and Mollie E. Howell. En- Son of J. Walter and Mollie E. Howell. tered service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jack- Entered service August 9, 1918, at Camp son, S. C. Overseas ten months. Honor- Wadsworth, S. C. Honorably discharged ably discharged April 10, 1919.

January 3, 1919.

GEORGE PENN HUNT JOHN PAYTON HOWELL Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 2, Kittrell, N. C. Private, Company C, Infantry, S. A. T. Private, Quartermaster Corps, Camp C, University of N. C, Chapel Hill, N. Lee, Va. Born February 17, 1890. Son C. Born May 6, 1900. Son of Junius P. of J. Walter and Mollie E. Howell. En- Hunt. Entered service October 1, 1918, tered service June 24, 1918, at Camp Lee, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably discharg- Va. Honorably discharged March 6, 1919. ed December 10, 1918. !

94 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

The clothes cleaning room was a busy Poor Cootie ! He tried hard to live. Into place. Teams of four men plied hot irons a seam he would bury himself, only to be on steaming breeches and underclothes, driven out by the heat. Down a pocket he

straight from Doc's old G. I. can. The would slip until it got so hot even a vet- great question was how to kill any cooties eran like himself couldn't stand it. Out so hard boiled as to have escaped death into the open he would come to be met with from the scalding steam. One soldier sug- a shout of ghoulish delight and to have his gested fresh bait in the shape of the Medico life squashed out, "Crunch," by a quick, Sergeant who was directing the work. deft blow of the flat iron. Another declared those old birds deserved Finie la guerre. C'est les americains to live. But they finally decided to put Quoth the Cootie, "Never more." over a severe dose of hate to each cootie by squeezing him with a hot iron. w. c. w. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 95

JUBAL O. JONES WILLIE T. JONES Creedmoor, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Third Company, Headquarters Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, Supply, 42nd Division. Born December 30th Division. Born December 18, 1885. 10, 1894. Son of A. L. Jones. Entered Son of A. S. Jones. Entered service Oc- service June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. tober 6, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. C. Honorably dischai'ged December 8, Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded at 1918. St. Quentin, France, October 16, 191S. Honorably discharged January 15, 1919.

STEPHEN H. JONES, JR. Oxford, N. C. Medical Sergeant, Headquarters Sani- HERBERT JAMES KNIGHT tary Detachment, 81st Division. Born at Oxford, N. C. Culbreth, N. C. Son of Stephen H. Cook, Quartermaster Corps. Born Oc- Jones. Entered service March 23, 1918. tober 27, 1894. Son of Charles W. Knight. at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to rank Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp of Sergeant August, 1918. Clerk for Med- Jackson, S. C. Went overseas November ical Examining Board at Camp Jackson. 23, 1918. Honorably discharged Mav 13, Honorably discharged December 20, 1918. 1919. 96 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

AUGUSTUS LANDIS SAMUEL LEE KNOTT Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 120th Private, 1st class, 322nd Infantry, 81st Infantry, 30th Division. Born December Division. Born April 27, 1896. Son of 19, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Crawford M. Knott. Entered service May Landis. Entered service April 23, 1917, 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Pro- at Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank moted to private, 1st class, April 26, 1919. of Corporal March 5, 1918. Went over- Went overseas August 20, 1918. Honor- seas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharged ably discharged June 26, 1919. April 24, 1919. One of the youngest sol- diers from Granville County.

THOMAS J. KNOTT HAMLIN LANDIS R. F. D. 1, Berea, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, Private, 1st class, Medical Department, 81st Division. Born May 27, 1891. Son Base Hospital, Camp Humphreys, Va. of Mrs. Lizzie Knott. Entered service Born April 13, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Chas. H. Landis. Entered service Sep- Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Honor- tember 5, 1918, at Camp Humphreys, Va. ably discharged June 5, 1919. Honorably discharged March 22, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 97

LANDIS MARK ALEXANDER JOE DAVIS LASSITER Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, 322nd Supply Company, 81st Division. Born September 25, 1889. Son Sergeant, Medical Department, Port of of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Landis. En- Embarkation, Newport News, Va. Born tered Service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jack- June 25, 1892. Son of Robert W. and Let- son, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. tie K. Lassiter. Entered service May 10, Honorably discharged June 25, 1919. 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Camp Stuart, Va. Honorably discharg- ed March 5, 1919.

WILLIAM THORPE LANDIS Oxford, N. C. First Lieutenant, Company K. 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born May 11, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Lan- ERIC AMOS LATTA dis. Promoted to rank of Second Lieuten- R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. ant November 13, 1917, First Lieutenant

February 20, 1919. Entered service July Private, Company L, 321st . Infantry, 27, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went 81st Division. Born in Granville County. overseas May 17, 1918. Wounded in bat- Son of Harvey Hassel Latta, Entered tle of Lankhorf Farm September 2, 1918, service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, and Hindenburg Line September 29, 1918. S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Hon- Honorably discharged May 6, 1919. orably discharged June 28, 1919. 98 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

CORRIE LAWRENCE OSCAR L. LLOYD R. F. D. 2, Creedmoor, N. C. R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, 321st Ambulance Company, 81st Private, Company L, 322nd Infantry, Division. Born August 11, 1892. Son of 81st Division. Born May 10, 1893. Son Leorydon Lawrence. Entered service May of Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Lloyd. Entered 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, overseas August 7, 1918. Honorably dis- S. C. Went overseas August 12, 1918. charged June 26, 1919. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919-

ARCHIBALD GREGORY LEWIS THOMAS C. LLOYD Stovall, N. C. R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C.

Sergeant, Company I, 318th Infantry, Private, 1st class, Company A, 30th Di- 80th Division. Born April 13, 1886. Son vision. Born April 4, 1895. Son of S. T. of Charles L. and Lucy G. Lewis. Enter- Lloyd. Entered service September 19, ed service September 18, 1917, at Camp 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Overseas Lee, Va. Promoted to Sergeant Septem- ten months. Wounded at St. Souplet, ber 18, 1918. Went overseas May 22, 1918. France, October 17, 1918. Honorably dis- Honorably discharged June 5, 1919. charged April 7, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 99

ARMIE L. LONGMIRE BENJAMIN R. LYON R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Northside, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company B, 323rd Private, Company A, 105th Engineers, Infantry, 81st Division. Born March 13, 30th Division. Born January 31, 1893. 1896. Son of J. Y. Longmire. Entered Son of Jad L. Lyon. Entered service service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, March 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. S. C. Went overseas August 1, 1918. Went overseas March 20, 1918. Wounded Honorably discharged June 4, 1919. in Belgium on Flanders' Front, August 24, 1918. Honorably discharged April 18, 1919.

KENNETH TALMAGE LUMPKIN Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 30th Division. WILEY L. LYON Born October 2, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Lumpkin. Entered ser- Northside, N. C. vice October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. Private, Medical Department, Port of C. Promoted to rank of Corporal Decem- Embarkation, Newport News, Va. Born ber 15, 1917. Overseas 11 months. Wound- June 28, 1891. Son of Joel L. Lyon. En- ed in battle of Bellicourt September 29, tered service March 20, 1918, at Camp 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged April 1919. 23, 1919. 100 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

JAMES E. MATTHEWS ZOLLIE T. MAY R. F. D. 2, Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 2, Youngsville, N. C. E, 120th In- First Sergeant, Company Private, Company D, 3rd Provisional Born in Granville fantry, 30th Division. Regiment, 156th Depot Brigade. Born County, 1895. Son of L. A. Matthews. En- April 11, 1897. Son of J. T." May. Enter- tered service January 5, 1916, at Camp ed service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jack- Glenn, N. C. Overseas eleven months. son, S. C. Honorably discharged March Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. 14, 1919.

JOHN B. MAYES, JR. WILLIE G. MATTHEWS Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Captain, Company D, 120th Infantry, Sergeant, Company E, 30th Division. 30th Division. Born December 24, 1891. Born in 1891. Son of L. A. Matthews. Son of John B. Mayes, Sr. Entered ser- Entered service April 28, 1915, at Camp vice April 5, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Glenn. Promoted to rank of Sergeant Promoted to Second Lieutenant July 25, December 1, 1918. Overseas 11 months. 1917, First Lieutenant November 13, 1917, Wounded at battle of Bellicourt Septem- Captain August 30, 1918. Went overseas ber 29, 1918. Awarded distinguished ser- May 12, 1918. Awarded Distinguished Ser- vice cross. Honorably discharged April 18, vice Medal, also British Military Cross. 1919. Honorably discharged June 26, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 101

BENONAPAUL MAYES HENRY HOYEL MITCHELL Oxford, N. C. Franklinton, N. C. Private, Company C, 168th Infantry, Private, Battery F, 118th Field Artil- 42nd Division. Born in 1896. Son of W. lery, 30th Division. Born September 17, E. Mayes. Entered service May 24, 1918, 1896. Son of J. H. Mitchell. Entered at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, August 11, 1918. Honorablv discharged S. C. Went overseas October 21, 1918. Mav 9, 1919. Honorably discharged January 14, 1919.

JOHN WILLIAM MEDFORD JOHN GARLICK MITCHELL Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. First Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, Sergeant-Major, Headquarters Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born Jan- 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born Feb- uary 5, 1898. Son of W. Z. Mitchell. En- ruary 25, 1899. Son of Joe J. and Mary tered service July 19, 1916, at Camp Glenn, Medford. Entered service July 10, 1917, N. C. Promoted to First Sergeant De- at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May cember 15, 1918. Went overseas May 12, 12, 1918. Honorablv discharged April 18, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. 1919. 102 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

OLLIE B. MITCHELL ROBERT L. MORGAN R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. Oxford, N. C. Private, E, 11th Infantry.. Private, Headquarters Company, Sani- Company 5th Division. Born in 1892. of tary Detachment, 20th Sanitary Train. Son James T. Morgan. Entered service September Born January 13, 1885. Son of Walter 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Over- B. Mitchell. Entered service March 20, seas twelve months. Wounded in St. Mi- 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably hiel drive September 12, 1918. Honorably discharged January 26, 1919. discharged May 22, 1919.

CHARLES HENRY MORGAN WILLIAM WILSON MORTON R. F. D. 1, Nelson, Va. R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Private, Headquarters Company, Ma- Captain (Chaplain), 81st Division. Born. chine Gun Training Center, Camp Han- June 22, 1890. Son of Joseph W. and cock, Ga. Born March 26, 1895. Son of Mary T. Morton. Entered service Au- James T. Morgan. Entered service Sep- gust 10, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. tember 27, 1918, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Went overseas July 5, 1918. Honorably Honorably discharged December 28, 1918. discharged June 25, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 103

FRED RAGGER MORRIS JONES PRYOR MOSS Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C.

Private, Company 4, 156th Depot Bri- Private, Medical Department lst-2nd-3rd gade, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born in 1893. Tr. Battalion, 156th Depot Brigade, 20th Di- Son of Joe Howard Morris. Entered ser- vision. Born March 27, 1892. Son iof vice May 23, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. L. P. Moss. Entered service April 1, 1918, Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. Hon- at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- orably discharged December 11, 1919. charged May 17, 1919.

HERBERT S. MOSS Creedmoor, N. C. THOMAS E. MOSS Wagoner, Headquarters Detachment, Creedmoor, N. C. 317th Machine Gun Battalion, 81st Division. Corporal, Company C, 317th Machine Born December 20, 1894. Son of Samuel Gun Battalion, 81st Division. Born No- L. Moss. Entered service November 19, vember 14, 1892. Son of Samuel L. Moss. 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Entered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Wagoner November 28, 1918. Went over- Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Corporal seas August 11, 1918. Honorably dis- July 11, 1918. Went overseas August 11, charged July 1, 1919. 1918. Honorably discharged July 3, 1919. 104 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ALVIS ALLEN NELSON LEO THOMAS NORWOOD R. F. D. 2, Virgilina, Va. Bullock, N. C. Private, Company E, 322nd Infantry, Private, 1st class, 324th Ambulance 81st Division. Born November 24, 1897. Company, 306th Sanitation Train, 81st Son of J. H. Nelson. Entered service May Division. Born November 5, 1895. Son 29, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Over- of Robert A. and Hattie Royster Norwood. seas ten months. Honorably discharged Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp June 28, 1919. Jackson, S. C. Went overseas August 8, 1918. Honorably discharged June 29, 1919.

ROY LEE NOBLIN Nelson, Va. SAMUEL E. OAKLEY Private, Company A, S. A. T. C, Uni- R. F. D. 1, Moriah, N. C. versity of N. C. Born November 18, 1897. Private, Company 10, Infantry, 81st Di- Son of S. L. Noblin. Entered service Oc- vision. Born April 17, 1896. Son of An- tober 1, 1918, at S. A. T. C, University of drew L. Oakley. Entered service March N. C, Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably dis- 20, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- charged December 9, 1918. ably discharged September 20, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 105

ALBERT HOOD PARHAM Oxford, N. C. RUFUS CARROLL O'BRIEN Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Dvision. Born June 15, 1893. Stovall, N. C. 3049] Son of James L. Parham. Entered service Private, 1st class, Battery C, 60th Field July 2, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Pro- Artillery. Born June 30, 1896. Son of moted to Corporal August 22, 1917, Ser- R. H. O'Brien. Entered service August geant September 24, 1917. Went over- 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- seas May 12, 1918. Attended Fourth Ar- my Musketry School, Norbecourt, France. ably discharged January 28, 1919. Candidate Officers' Training School. Hon- orably discharged April 18, 1919.

ATHIE L. OVERTON SAMUEL SHIELDS PARHAM Hester, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, 50th Company, Infantry, Camp Wagoner, Supply Company 324th In- fantry, 81st Division. Born 1893. Jackson, S. C. Born April 29, 1895. Son May 7, Son of S. O. Parham. Entered service of M. S. Overton. Entered service May November 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- C. Promoted to rank of Corporal May, ably discharged July 20, 1919. 1918. Overseas August 5, 1918. Honor- ably discharged June 24, 1919. 106 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

WILLIAM FRED PARHAM FRANK E. PARROTT Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Corporal, Battery A, 36th Artillery, C. Infantry, 30th Division. Born October 2, A. C. Born October 30, 1892. Son of Ed- 1896. Son of William A. and Lula T. Par- ward B. and Mattie L. Parrott. Entered ham. Entered service May 29, 1917, at service July 13, 1918, at Clemson College, Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May S. C. Army Training Detachment. Honor- 17, 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, ably discharged December 6, 1918. 1919.

FRED F. PARRISH SAMUEL T. PARROTT Stem, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Private, Company H, 56th Pioneer In- Private, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. fantry. Born July 8, 1896. Son of Char- Born May 1, 1896. Son of Edward B. and ley H. Parrish. Entered service August Mattie L. Parrott. Entered service Julv 9, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went ov- overseas September 4, 1918. Honorably erseas May 17, 1918. Honorably discharg- discharged July 6, 1919. ed April 17, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 107

JANADIUS H. PEARCE GEORGE G. PEACE R. F. D. 3, Youngsville, N. C. Franklinton, N. C. Private, Battery B, 3rd Field Artillery, Private, Company H, 323rd Infantry, R. D. Born November 6, 1896. Entered 81st Division. Born 1895. Son of Ike service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jack- Peace. Promoted April 26, 1918. Enter- son, S. C. Honorably discharged Decem- ed service at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- ber 11, 1918. ably discharged December 26, 1919.

BURNICE PEED WILLIAM GRANDY PEACE Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company E, 120th Colonel, 11th Field Artillery. Bom Infantry, 30th Division. Born October September 21, 1875. Son of Alexander S. 30, 1897. Son of A. W. Peed. Entered Peace. Entered service June 20, 1896 at service July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. C. Went overseas June 12, 1918. Wound- Y. Went overseas December 15, 1917. ed in battle of Hindenburg Line Septem- ber 29, 1918. Honorably discharged March 15, 1919. 108 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

FRED LEE PEED JAMES ELMO PERRY Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Wagoner, 324th Anibulance Company, 81st Division. Born July 26, 1891. Son of Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, Graham and Ella Peed. Entered service 30th Division. Born in Wake County, N. May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. C. Son of W. F. Perry. Entered service October Went overseas August 7, 1918. Promoted 4, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. to Wagoner August 7, 1918. Honorably Honorably discharged February 13, 1918. discharged June 29, 1919.

MARSHALL KERR PINNIX HUGH FREELAND PEED Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Candidate, Central Officers' Training First Sergeant, 11th Company, 3rd School, Camp Lee, Va. Born July 4, Tr. Bn., 156th Depot Brigade, 20th Division. 1888. Son of Marshall H. and Hannah C. Born may 24, 1894. Son of C. G. Peed. Pinnix. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Entered service May 24, 1918, at Camp Camp Jackson, S. C. Appointed corporal Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant July June 15, 1918. Transferred to C. O. T. 22, 1918, First Sergeant September 20, C, Camp Lee, Va., August 15, 1918. Hon- 1918. Honorably discharged June 4, 1919. orably discharged November 23, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 109

JOHN B. PITTARD Bullock, N. C. Private, Battery F, 9th Regiment, F. A. JOHN EDWARD PITTARD R. D. Born in Granville County. Son of Hester, N. C. James G. Pittard. Entered service August Private, Company I, 322nd Infantry, 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- 81st Division. Born July 26, 1895. Son ably discharged December 23, 1918. of John C. and Nannie F. Pittard. En- tered service May 28, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919.

WILLIAM HILL POWELL Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born October 15, 1898. Son of James B. and Bettie G. Powell. Entered service July 7, 1916, at CHARLES GREGORY POWELL Camp Glenn, N. C. Appointed Corporal Oxford, N. C. October 27, 1916, Sergeant March 1, 1917. Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Went overseas May 12, 1918. Gassed at Infantry, 30th Division. Born July 7, Vaux Andigny, France, October 10, 1918. 1894. Son of James B. and Bettie G. Pow- Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. ell. Entered service June 25, 1917, at Honorably discharged April 17, 1919. Dec- Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of orated at Washington, D. C, by the Prince Sergeant June 25, 1917. Went overseas of Wales, on November 13, 1919, with June 4, 1918. Honorably discharged April British M. M. Medal. 17, 1919. 110 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

JESSE L. PLEASANT JESSE CADE PREDDY R. F. D. 3, Youngsville, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Private, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Private, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery.

Born November 8, 1892. Son of John Born July 20, 1896. Son of Robert Pred- Pleasant. Entered service May 24, 1918, dy. Entered service August 26, 1918, at at Camp Sevier, S. C. Honorably dis- Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably discharged charged March 21, 1919. January 28, 1919.

SAM JONES PLEASANTS ROY PREDDY

Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Private, Provost Guard Company, Camp Sergeant, S. O. S. Born February 8, Jackson, S. C. Born November 22, 1889. 1890. Son of Robert Preddy. Entered Son of Mrs. Emma Pleasants. Entered service November 19, 1917, at Camp Jack- service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, son, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant June 1, S. C. Transferred to Camp Sevier, S. C. 1918. Went overseas October 5, 1918. Honorably discharged March 21, 1919. Honorably discharged July 5, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 111

HALLIE M. PUCKETT LENNIE THOMAS PULLIUM Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 4, Roxboro, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company E, 322nd Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, Infantry, 81st Division. Born in 1889. 30th Division. Born July 22, 1900. Son Son of S. R. Puckett. Entered service of James Pullium. Entered service June May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Ov- 24, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. Went ov- erseas May 12, 1918. Honorably discharg- erseas ten months. Honorably discharged ed April 18, 1919. June 25, 1919.

SPURGEON PUCKETT WILLIAM CORNELIUS ROBARDS R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company E. 322nd Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Infantry, 81st Division. Born in 1889. 30th Division. Born May 2, 1896. Son of Son of S. R. Puckett. Entered service Henry J. and Mary H. Robards. Entered May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. service August 5, 1916, at Camp Glenn, Overseas ten months. Honorably discharg- N. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Hon- ed June 25, 1919. orably discharged April 18, 1919. 112 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

BEVERLY SAMPSON ROYSTER Oxford, N. C. Born near Henderson, N. C, January 17, 1865. Entered service of the State January 17, 1886, enlisted in Company E, 3rd Infantry. Promoted to rank of Cor- poral, Sergeant, 1st Sergeant, 1886-'87-88; 2nd Lieutenant, Company E, 3rd Infantry, January 21, 1889; Captain, Company E, January 19, 1891; Major, 3rd Infantry, January 25, 1894; Major and Assistant Inspector-General, December 12, 1894; Col- onel and Inspector-General, February 19, 1897; Brigadier General and Adjutant

General, December 1, 1898; Brigadier Gen- eral and Adjutant General, January 15, 1901. Enlisted in Company E, 3rd Infan- try, January 12, 1905; Brigadier General,

commanding 1st Brigade, April 1, 1909. Placed on retired list with rank of Major

General, June 1, 1916. Appointed Acting Adjutant General, June 27, 1916; resigned

September 1, 1917. Appointed Adjutant

General August 3, 1918.

BEVERLY S. ROYSTER, JR. Oxford, N. C. Captain, Battery A, 113th Field Artil- lery, 30th Division. Born February 10, 1895. Son of Beverly S. Royster. Entered ROYALL H. ROYSTER service May 12, 1917, at Camp Oglethorpe, Oxford, N. C. Ga. Promoted to rank of 2nd Lieutenant Second Lieutenant, Air Service. Born July 20, 1917; 1st Lieutenant October 9, 8, 1896. of Gen. B. S. 1917; Captain February 4, 1919. Overseas September Son May 8, 1918, returned March 19, 1919. En- Royster. Pilot in Air Service and instruc- gagements: Toul Sector, St. Mihiel Offen- tor in advanced flying and aeronautics. At sive, Argonne Forest Offensive, Woerve camp eighteen months. Entered service Sector, Woerve Offensive. Honorably dis- July 25, 1917. Honorably discharged Jan- charged April 15, 1919. uary 8, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 113

EARL C. ROBERTS EMMITT B. SHERRON Oxford, N. C. Youngsville, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Private, 306th Ammunition Train, 81st 30th Division. Born December 2, 1892. Division. Born March 20, 1894. Son of Son of Mrs. Mary Roberts. Entered ser- John M. Sherron. Entered service April vice October 3, 1917, at Camp Jackson, 2G, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Pro- overseas July 31, 1918. Wounded carry- moted to Sergeant November 15, 1918. ing ammunition to the front, November discharged April 18, 1919. Honorably 8, 1918. Honorably discharged March 8, 1919.

AUGUSTUS G. ROYCROFT Northside, N. C. JOHN LEDFORD SIZEMORE Corporal, Company E, 322nd Infantry, R. F. D. 3, Clarksville, Va. 81st Division. Born April 22, 1890. Son Private, Company F, 166th Infantry, of John R. Roycroft. Entered service May 42nd Division. Born January 22, 1888. 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went Son of L. S. and Emma Sizemore. Enter- overseas July 31, 1918. Promoted to Cor- ed service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, poral February 15, 1919. Honorably dis- S. C. Went overseas July 30, 1918. Hon- charged June 25, 1919. orably discharged May 11, 1919.

H-R-1I! 114 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

CLIFTON SLAUGHTER JAMES I. STEAGALL Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Chief Mechanic, Battery F, 316th Field Captain, Company E, 120th Infantry, Artillery, 81st Division. Born July 25, 30th Division. Born May 2, 1882. Son 1888. Son of J. M. Slaughter. Entered of I. H. Steagall. Entered service March service April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. 7, 1898, at Oxford, N. C. Went overseas C. Went overseas August 5, 1918. Pro- May 12, 1918. Returned to U. S. as In- moted to Chief Mechanic November 19, structor August 10, 1918. Honorably dis- 1918. Honorably discharged June 17, 1919. charged January 31, 1919.

THADDEUS GARLAND STEM Oxford, N. C. Major, commanding 1st Battalion, 113th Field Artillery, 30th Division. Born in Granville County near Stem. Son of John H. Stem. Entered service for World War August 5, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C, but had served, previous to this date, several years in North Carolina National Guard. Overseas nine months. Enlisted in E Company, N. C. N. G., February, 1908; was later promoted to 1st Lieutenant, then to rank of Captain. Resigned January, 1914. In June, 1916, offered services for Mexi- can border; accepted and given rank of Captain. Commanded Machine Gun Com- pany, 3rd N. C. N. G., at El Paso, Texas. Transferred to Artillery and given rank of Major July 13, 1917. Honorably discharged April 15, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 115

CHARLES C. STALEY CHARLES B. STRICKLAND Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, Private, 1st class, Company C, 29th En- 30th Division. Born in Wilkes County. gineers, attached to 1st A. E. F. Army, Son of R. M. and Mary P. Staley. Enter- Born August 13, 1894. Son of William ed service September 30, 1914, at Oxford, N. Strickland, Sr. Entered service March N. C. Received training at Camp Sevier, 9, 1918, at Fort Slocum, N. Y. Went ov- S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wound- erseas June 21, 1918. Wounded in batt'e ed in battle of Bellicourt, France, Septem- of St. Mihiel, France, September 17, 1918. ber 29, 1918. Honorably discharged April Honorably discharged March 22, 1919. 18, 1919.

LUTHER P. STROUD BERTRAM T. STROTHER R. F. D. 1, Hester, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company E, 322nd Private, Sanitary Detachment, 120th Infantry, 81st Division. Born October 10, Infantry, 30th Division. Born in Gran- 1895. Son of Dolphus and Lenas Bell ville County. Son of R. E. Strother. En- Stroud. Entered service May 25, 1918, at tered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Au- Jackson, S. C. Went overseas June 5, gust 11, 1918. Promoted to private, 1st 1918. Honorably discharged April 17, class, January 1, 1919. Honorably dis- 1919. charged June 26, 1919. 116 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ALBERT H. TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. CHARLES ARCHIBALD TAYLOR Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Oxford, N. C. 30th Division. Born February 11, 1889. Regimental Supply Sergeant, 321st In- Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Taylor. En- fantry, 81st Division. Born October 28, tered service September 1, 1917, at Camp 1886. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Tay- Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Sergeant Septem- lor. Entered service September 10, 1917, ber 3, 1917. Went overseas May 27, 1918. at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Cited for bravery at Bellicourt, France, Camp Upton, N. Y. Went overseas July September 29, 1918. Honorably discharg- 30, 1918. Honorably discharged June 27, ed April 19, 1919. 1919.

C. BUXTON TAYLOR HENRY LINDSEY TAYLOR R. F. D. 1, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Candidate, 18th Training Battery, Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Field Artillery, Central Officers' Training Infantry, 30th Division. Born August 15, School. Born April 1, 1895. Son of Thom- 1896. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Tay- as G. and Mildred K. Taylor. Entered lor. Entered service April 23, 1917, at service June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, Camp Sevier, S. C. Went overseas May S. C. Promoted to Candidate August 15, 17, 1918. Cited for bravery October 19, 1918. Honorably discharged November 29, 1918, at Mazingham, France. Honorably 1918. discharged April 17, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 117

JAMES ALEXANDER TAYLOR ROBERT KENNON TAYLOR C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. Private, Company E, 54th Infantry First Lieutenant, Headquarters Com- (Regulars), 6th Division. Born March 8, pany, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born 1895. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Tay- July 1, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. P. lor. Entered service May 10, 1918, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Went overseas Taylor. Entered service May 14, 1917, at July 6, 1918. Honorably discharged July Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to First 20, 1919. Lieutenant December 15, 1917. Went over- seas May 18, 1918. Honorably discharged May 3, 1919.

GEORGE NORFLEET THOMAS Oxford, N. C. Second Lieutenant, U. S. Resei- ves. JOSEPH WHITE TAYLOR Born October 5, 1896. Son of John Nor- fleet and Florrie Cook Thomas. Entered Oxford, N. C. service June 14, 1917, at U. S. Military Private, Company A, Infantry, Stu- Academy, West Point, N. Y. Honorably dents' Army Training Corps, University of discharged from U. S. M. A. September North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. Enter- 21, 1917. Entered service again Septem- ed service October 15, 1918, at Chapel ber 7, 1918, at Camp Greene, N. C. Pro- Hill, N. C. Honorably discharged Decem- moted to Second Lieutenant February 28, ber 9, 1918. 1919. 118 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

LAWRENCE THOMAS HUNTER M. THOMASSON Stem, N. C. Stem, N. C. Private, Company C, First Regiment, Private, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery, Field Artillery, R. D. Born in Granville Born May 23, 1897. Son of F. M. Thom- County. Son of J. J. Thomas. Entered asson. Entered service August 26, 1918, service August 26, 1918, at Camp Jackson, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- S. C. Honorably discharged December 14, charged January 21, 1919. 1918.

JAMES M. THOMASSON WALTER H. THOMAS Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Private, Infantry, Depot Brigade, Camp Private, Company G, 323rd Infantry, Holabird, Md. Born June 16, 1892. Son 81st Division. Born in Wilson County. of James J. Thomasson. Entered service Son of J. J. Thomas. Entered service No- vember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. August 5, 1918, at Camp Holabird, Md. Honorably discharged March 22, 1919. Honorably discharged March 10, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 119

LOUIS THORPE, JR. L. Berea, N. C. ROBERT TINGEN Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, R. F. D. 1, Stovall, N. C. 30th Division. Born November 4, 1895. Private, Battery E, 13th Regiment, F. Son of Louis and Pauline Thorpe. Entered A. R. D. Born May 9, 1897. Son of J. G. service September 1912, at 16, Camp Tingen. Entered service August 26, 1918, Glenn, N. C. Promoted to Sergeant July at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably dis- 27, 1917. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded in Battle of Bellicourt, France, charged December 20, 1918. September 29, 1918. Honorably discharg- ed July 3, 1919.

NATHAN ('. TURNER CHARLIE MORTON TILLOTSON R. F. D. 1, Franklinton, N. C. R. F. D. Oxford, 7, N. C. Sergeant, Company E, 306th Ammuni- Private, Company G, 166th Infantry, tion Train, 81st Division. Born October 42nd Division. Born July 7, 1896. Son 31, 1893. Son of P. H. and Bettie P. Tur- of W. H. Tillotson. Entered service Sep- ner. Entered service November 12, 1917, tember 17, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably August 8, 1918. Honorably discharged discharged May 14, 1919. July 21, 1919. 120 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

GEORGE TAYLOR TUXSTALL Oxford, X. C. Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Born in Vance County September 15, 1885. Son of James Alexander and Virginia Currin Tunstall. Pastor of Enon, Hester, Tabb's Creek and Bullock Baptist churches. Entered service August 29, 1918. Sailed for France Sep- tember 10, 1918. Attached to 17th Field Artillery, 2nd Division. With Army of Oc- cupation at Coblenz, Germany. Joined the Y. M. C. A. at Xew York, X. Y. Highly commended by Marshal Foch, General Pershing, Marshal Petain, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Xavy, Admiral Benson and other high officials.

LUTHER MARTIX VAUGHAX ROY S. UMSTEAD R. F. D. 1, Xelson, Va. Stem, X. C. Private, Infantry, Camp Jackson, S. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. Born January 20, 1892. Born June 12, 1894. Son of Martin Son of Wiley L. Umstead. Entered ser- Vaughan. Entered service Xovember 12, vice June 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably Went overseas August 1, 1918. Honorably discharged June 10, 1919. Re-enlisted discharged April 12, 1919. June 11, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 121

ROY C. VAUGHAN COLEMAN B. VEAZEY Bullock, X. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Private, 1st class, Company E, 322nd Private, Company A, Infantry, Stu- Infantry, 81st Division. Born July 22, dents' Army Training Corps, Elon College, 1886. Son of J. J. Vaughan. Entered N. C. Born May 16", 1899. Son of F. J. service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, Veazey. Entered service October 25, 1918, College, N. Honorably dis- S. C. Promoted to private, 1st class, Oc- at Elon C. charged December 11, 1918. tober 1, 1918. Went overseas July 31, 1918. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919.

ROY J. WALKER Stem, N. C. ALEXANDER H. VEAZEY Private, 1st class, Company M, 23rd In- fantrv, 2nd Division. Born January 17, Creedmoor, X. C. 1890. Son of W. H. Walker. Entered ser- Private, Headquarters Troop, 81st Di- vice November 19, 1917, at Camp Jack- vision. Born January 19, 1895. Son of son, S. C. Went overseas March 12, 1918. W. A. Veazey. Entered service Xovember Wounded in battle of Chateau Thierry, 19, 1917. at Camp Jackson, S. C. Over- France, June 14, 1918. Promoted to pri- seas ten months. Honorably discharged vate, 1st class, May 1, 1919. Honorably June 23, 1919. discharged August 16, 1919. H-R-14 122 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

WILLIS ROBERT WALKER WILLIAM DEVIX WEBB Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Company A, 324th Infantry, Private, Students' Army Training Corps, Camp Jackson, S. C. Born in 1888. Son University of N. C, Chapel Hill, N. C. of W. J. Walker. Entered service No- Born September 4, 1900. Son of John and vember 20, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Anna Devin Webb. Entered service Sep- Honorably discharged February 20, 1918. tember 30, 1918, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably discharged December 15, 1918.

JAMES JENNINGS WALTERS Oxford, N. C. GUY T. WHEELER Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born November 2, 1895. Oxford, N. C. Son of Conrad and Loretta V. Walters. Private, 1st class, Company C, 105th Entered service April 16, 1917, at Camp Supply Train, 30th Division. Born Au- Sevier, S. C. Promoted to Corporal Au- gust 7, 1896. Son of S. M. Wheeler. En- gust 10, 1917, Sergeant August 15, 1918. tered service August 22, 1916, at Camp Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honorably Glenn, N. C. Went overseas June 24, discharged April 18, 1919. Clerk Company 1918. Honorably discharged April 14, E, 120th Infantry. 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 123

KELLEY B. WHEELER JAMES A. WILKINS East Durham, N. C. R. F. D. 7, Oxford, N. C. Private, M. D. Department, 30th Divis- Private, 1st class, Company F, 322nd ion. Born in Granville County. Son of Infantry, 81st Division. Born January T. B. and Delia Wheeler. Entered ser- 28, 1895. Son of Charlie Wilkins. Enter- vice April 1, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. ed service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, Overseas May 11, 1918. Transferred from S. C. Overseas eleven months. Honor- Company E, 119th Infantry, to Medical ably discharged June 25, 1919. Department, 119th Regiment May 6, 1918. Honorably discharged April 8, 1919.

THOMAS B. WILLIAMS FRED C. WILKINS Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, Private, 1st class, Medical Detachment, 81st Division. Born May 9, 1893. Son of 119th Infantry, 30th Division. Born Oc- A. S. Wilkins. Entered service May 24, tober 30, 1892. Son of J. L. Williams. 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went over- Entered service April 1, 1918, at Camp seas July 18, 1918. Honorably discharged Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 11, July 7, 1919. 1918. Honorably discharged April 8, 1919. 124 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

WILLIAM ROY WILLIFORD Oxford, N. C. GRAHAM J. W. WILSON Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, Creedmoor, N. C. 30th Division. Born in Granville County. Private, Provost Guards, Camp Jackson, Son of Andrew Williford. Entered ser- S. C. Born February 22, 1895. Son of vice August 1, 1913, at Camp Glenn, N. J. W. Wilson. Entered service May 24, C. Promoted to Sergeant May 1, 1917. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honorably while advancing on Hindenburg Line, and discharged March 21, 1919. right thigh had to be amputated five inches above the knee.

CHARLES JULIAN WILSON ROBERT BENTLEY WILSON Stovall, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Enlisted in Company C, Virgina Coast Volunteered at Covington, Ky., October, Artillery, in Richmond, Va., November 23, 1917, being under weight he failed to pass 1917. Assigned to active service May 1, the physical examination. He was drafted 1918, and sent to Fort Monroe, Va. Or- January 18, 1918, and assigned to Fort dered to Sparrow's Point, Md., for inter- Barrancas, Fla. Promoted to rank of nal guard duty June 21, 1918. Transfer- Sergeant July 1, 1918, to Supply Sergeant red to Camp Meade, Md., November 20, July 11, 1918. Transferred to Fort Mon- 1918, and placed in Battery C, 35th Regi- roe, October, 1918. Received commission ment Coast Artillery. Honorably dis- as 2nd Lieutenant, Coast Artillery, O. R. charged December 5, 1918. C, January 16, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 125

WILLIAM E. WINTERS GEORGE L. WRIGHT Stem, N. C. Virgilina, Va. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, Private, Battery C, 60th Field Artillery, 81st Division. Born February 23, 1896. 60th Regulars. Born June 10, 1894. Son Son of William Thomas Winters. Enter- of G. W. Wright. Entered service May ed service May 24, 1918, at Camp Jack- 24, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Honor- son, S. C. Went overseas July 31, 1918. ably discharged January 25, 1919. Honorably discharged June 25, 1919.

CHARLES T. WOMBLE ROBERT A. YANCEY Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 2, Virgilina, Va. Corporal, Company E, 120th Infantry, Private, Company C, First Regiment, 30th Division. Born August 21, 1898. Son Field Artillery. Born in Granville Coun- of M. S. and Edna Womble. Entered ty. Son of A. J. Yancey. Entered ser- service July 25, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. vice August 2, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, 1918. Honor- C. Honorably discharged February 15, ably discharged April 18, 1919. 1919. 126 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ELMOS BECK PARROTT B. HARDEE Northside, N. C. Stem, N. C. Private, Company E, 81st Division. Son Private, 320th Ambulance Corps, 80th of F. P. Beck. Born in 1892. Entered Division. Son of Dr. P. R. Hardee. En-

service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. tered service May 5, 1919, at Camp Lee, C. Went overseas August 12, 1918. Pro- Va. Overseas from May 27, 1918, to May class, moted to Private, 1st while in 31, 1919. Engaged in battles of Artois France. Honorably discharged June 25, Sector, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne of- 1919. fensives. Honorably discharged June 16, 1919.

JERMIE L. CHANDLER Oxford, N. C. MARVIN F. MOORE Private, Infantry, 42nd Division. Born Stem, N. C. February 6, 1917. Son of J. T. Chandler. Entered service August 6, 1918, at Camp Private, Company B, 3rd E. T. R. Born Jackson, S. C. Overseas seven months. 1887. Son of H. F. Moore. Entered ser-

Honorably discharged May 28, 1919. vice September 5, 1918, at Humphreys, Va. Honorably discharged January 4, 1919.

LUTHER C. CRITCHER Oxford, N. C. CLINE C. MOSER Second Lieutenant, Company L, 322nd Regulars, 81st Division. Born January Oxford, N. C. 15, 1894. Son of C. M. Critcher. Enter- Mounted Orderly, Headquarters Com- ed service June 19, 1914, at Camp Glenn, pany, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born N. C. Trained at Camp Jackson, S. C. Promoted to Second Lieutenant August 15, September 12, 1899. Son of William M. 1917. Honorablv discharged Januai-y 27, Moser. Entered service July 25, 1917, at 1918. Camp Sevier, S. C. Overseas seven months. Honorably discharged April 16, 1919.

JAMES M. ELLINGTON Oxford, N. C. First Lieutenant, Company E, 120th In- CARLTON PATRICK O'BRIEN fantry, 30th Division. Born February 1, Oxford, N. C. 1892. Son of J. M. Ellington, Sr. Entered service June 28, 1908, at Camp Glenn, N. Private, Second Company, Motor Trans- C. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C. Pro- port Corps. Born in Granville County. moted to Second Lieutenant December 4, Son of William O'Brien. Entered service 1917, First Lieutenant August 22, 1918. August 30, 1918, at Camp Greene, N. C. Went overseas June 1, 1918. Wounded in battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29, Honorably discharged February 10, 1919. 1918. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. Honorablv discharged May 13, 1919.

HENRY A. TAYLOR MARVIN ANDREW GOODE R. F. D. 2, Oxford, N. C. Virgilina, Va. Sergeant, 319th Ambulance Company, Corporal, M. T. D., Machine Gun Train- 305th Sanitary Train, 80th Division. Born ing Center, Camp Hancock, Ga. Born Mav August 16, 1885. Son of Thomas G. and 19, 1891. Son of J. W. and Rebecca Jane Mildred Kennon Taylor. Entered service Goode. Entered service July 22, 1918, at September 25, 1917, at Camp Lee, Va. Camp Hancock, Ga. Promoted to Cor- Promoted to Sergeant 1917. poral September 19, 1918. Machine Gun November 1, Instructor. Honorablv discharged Decem- Went overseas May 25, 1918. Honorably ber 20, 1918. discharged June 9, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 127

GEORGE LYNCH TILLERY CHARLIE H. VOLZ Wilmington, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Regiment Sergeant-Major, Transporta- Sergeant, Company E, 120th Infantry, tion Corps at Large, 15th Grand Division 30th Division. Born in Petersburg, Va. Transportation Corps. Born at Weldon, N. C, June 12, 1888. Son of Lynn Boyd Son of Herman P. Volz. Entered service and Magdalene Lynch Tillery. Entered June 28, 1916, at Camp Glenn, N. C. service April 13, 1918, at Camp Laurel, Md. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C. Went over- Promoted to rank of Regiment Sergeant- seas May 12, 1918. Wounded in battle of Major May" 25, 1918, Second Lieutenant Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. August 11, 1919. Overseas July 1, 1918. Recommended for citation and award of Honorably discharged April 18, 1919. Distinguished Service Medal. Honorably discharged June 18, 1919.

JOHN MEADOWS WOOD LUTHER W. UMSTEAD Oxford, N. C, Stem, N. C. Sergeant, Company I, 322nd Infantry, Private, Company A, Infantry, Students' 81st Division. Born in Granville County. Army Training Corps, University of North Son of W. T. Wood. Entered service Sep- Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. Born Sep- tember 19, 1917, at Camp Jackson, S. C. tember 28, 1897. Son of Willie L. Urn- Went overseas August 1, 1918. Promoted stead. Entered service October 1, 1918, at Chapel Hill, N. C. Honorably dis- to Sergeant July 10, 1918. Honorably dis- charged December 10, 1918. charged June 25, 1919.

THE FURY OF BATTLE LEAVES ITS MARK 128 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

'If you want to see me grin, you need only tuck me in Some corner of the U. S. A.

I would swap the Cote dee Or, if I owned that country, for Just a corner in the U. S. A." GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 129

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS U. S. A.

AWARDED TO Lieut. James M. Ellington Oxford, N. C.

Corp. John B. Fowler Creedmoor, N. C.

Sergt. Graham Waverly Harris Oxford, N. C.

Sergt. Willie G. Matthews Oxford, N. C.

Capt. John B. Mayes, Jr. Stem, N. C Sergt. William Hill Powell Oxford, N. C Sergt. Albert H. Taylor Oxford, N. C. Sergt. Henry Lindsey Taylor Oxford, N. C. Lieut. George Lynch Tillery Wilmington, N. C. 130 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

BRITISH MILITARY CROSS LEGION OF HOXOR MEDAL England France

AWARDED TO CAPTAIN JOHN B. MAYES, JR. Company D, 120th Infantry Stem, N. C.

In the attack on the Hindenburg Line near Bellicourt, 29th September, 1918, this officer, with his Company Headquarters, nine in number, moved forward during the smoke and heavy fog to the canal at the entrance to the Bellicourt Tunnel. Upon arriving there he found that the platoon, which had been detailed to dispose of the enemy in the dugouts along the canal banks, had not arrived. Realizing the serious- ness of the situation, he at once made preparation to undertake the work himself, and with these nine men properly distributed, successfully captured 242 of the enemy, which he sent back with a detail while he and four remaining men held the tunnel from hostile detachments until relief came forward. Only by their initiative was this officer and his men able to cope with their unexpected situation. Their conduct ably adds to the gallant record of their organization already established. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 131

To the Memory of our Honored Dead

A REQUIEM

Sleep, gallant soldiers, sleep! For you the conflict's o'er; The clash of clanging arms Can pain your ears no more.

Sleep, cherished soldiers, sleep! We hold your memory dear, Tho' o'er your distant graves, We may not shed a tear.

Sleep, patriot soldiers, sleep! Your country guards your fame, And safely will she hold Each dear and honored name.

Elizabeth C. Jordan. 132 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

FREDERICK LILLIAN CLARK BENNIE A. EAKES Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Mechanic, Company E, 120th Infantry, Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th Division. Born January 18, 1894. 30th Division. Born August 30, 1893. Son Son of James Edward and Lelia C. Clark. of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Eakes. Entered Entered service June 15, 1914, at Oxford, service October 4, 1917, at Camp Jackson, N. C. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C. S. C. Overseas May 12, 1918. Wounded Went overseas May 12, 1918. Killed at at battle of Bellicourt September 29, 1918. battle of Bellicourt, France, September 29, Died September 30, 1918, at Herbecourt, 1918. Somme, France.

HARVEY LEE CURRIN B. R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. OTIS FOGLEMAN Creek, C. Corporal, Company I, 4th Provision Rock N. Regiment, 156th Depot Brigade. Born Cook, Company E, 120th Infantry, 30th April 26, 1896. Son of J. P. and Bettie Division. Born January 8, 1894. Son of J. Currin. Entered service May 25, 1918, Gurney and Sarah Jane Fogleman. En- at Camp Jackson, S. C, transferred to tered service October 4, 1917, at Camp Camp Sevier, S. C. Promoted to rank of Jackson, S. C. Went overseas May 12, Corporal September 5, 1918. Died at 1918. Killed near Bellicourt, France, Sep- Camp Sevier, S. C, October 14, 1918. tember 29, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 133

ERNEST FLEETWOOD HART TAZEWELL NORVELL MORTON Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 4, Oxford, N. C. Corporal, Company B, 2nd Field Battal- Officers' Training School, ion Supply. Born in Granville County. Candidate, Langras, France. Born November 16, Son of D. W. Hart. Entered U. S. Regu- 1896. Son of Joseph William and Mary lar Army in 1914. Killed at Gordre Court, T. Morton. Entered service June 1, 1918, France, October 1, 1917. The first man at Fort Thomas, Ky. Went overseas Au- from Granville county to make the supreme 10, 1918. Died while at Officers' sacrifice. gust Training School, Langras, France, October 26, 1918.

IVAN SIDONIA MAYES Oxford, N. C. Private, Sanitary Company D, 109th Medical Corps, 28th Division. Born De- THOMAS L. OAKLEY cember 29, 1894. Son of W. E. Mayes. Oxford, N. C. Entered service July 6, 1918, at Camp Private, Company E, 120th Infantry, Greenleaf, Ga. Went overseas September 30th Division. Born November 23, 1894. 1, 1918. Wounded in battle of Argonne Son of A. D. Oakley. Entered service No- Forest, France. Died from wounds Octo- vember 15, 1917, at Camp Sevier, S. C. ber 6, 1918, in Hospital Centre, A. P. 0., Went overseas May 12, 1918. Killed near No. 752. Mazenheim, France, October 12, 1918. 134 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

CHARLIE WOODLIEP OBIE BURTON SANDIFER R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. R. F. D. 1, Hester, N. C. Private, Company F, 322nd Infantry, Private, Company I, 30th Division. Born 81st Division. Born in Granville County, June 15, 1895. Son of G. I. and Callie S. January 15, 1897. Son of Louis and Min- Sandifer. Entered service May 30, 1918, nie Florence Woodley. Entered service May 25, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went at Camp Jackson, S. C. Went overseas overseas July 15, 1918. Killed near Bel- July 28, 1918. Killed in Argonne Sector licourt, France, on November 11, 1918, a by shell explosion October 13, 1918. few minutes before hostilities ceased.

EDWARD WINFIELD TAYLOR Oxford, N. C. Sergeant, 137th Replacement Battalion, 6th Division, U. S. Marines. Born June 19, 1893. Son of J. Arch and Maria L. Taylor. Entered service December 8, 1917, at Port Royal, S. C, transferred to Quantico, Va. Went overseas March 12, 1918. Killed at battle of Chateau Thierry, France, June 12, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 135

The Local Board of Granville County

The term "local board" occupies a unique place in the thought of the Nation and in the hearts of the people. It has acquired a distinct individuality. Long after the selective service machinery will have been dismantled, and the processes of the draft will have faded from memory, the term "local board" will hold its place in our speech as the typical mark of the system that lifted America from the most peaceful of Na- tions to a place of first magnitude among military powers. That mobili- zation of man power was chiefly accomplished, not by military officers, nor even by civilians peculiarly trained for such service, but by laymen from each community, chosen only for their unquestioned patriotism, fair-mindedness, and integrity, and impelled solely by the motive of patriotic self-sacrifice.

K-U Court Huusf, Oxford. N. C.

Si OFFICE OF THE LOCAL BOARD OF GRANVILLE COUNTY 136 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

CHARLES D. RAY Merchant TITUS GRANDY CURRIN Oxford, N. C. State Senator Secretary Granville County Local Board R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Member Granville County Local Board

W. P. STRADLEY Oxford, N. C. Chief Clerk to Granville County Local Board. Associate Legal Advisor. Secre- tary to Board of Legal Advisors. During DR. E. T. WHITE the month of February, 1919, was on duty Tobacconist at the War and Draft Department of the Oxford, N. C. Adjutant General's office at Raleigh, N. C, Member Granville County Local Board as record expert. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 137

THOMAS L. BOOTH, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board

SAMUEL H. CANNADY, M. D. N. C. DANIEL, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Examining' Physician to Granville County Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board Local Board

H-R-]<; 138 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

GEORGE S. WATKINS, M. D. W. N. THOMAS, M. D. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Examining Physician to Granville County Examining Physician to Granville County Local Board Local Board

List of Men Inducted Into Service by Granville County Local Board [White]

Adcock, James M. Ballou, James W. Bullock, Benj. Garland R 2, Virgilina, Va. Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, X. C. Adcock, Lex Alexander Beasley, Willie T. Bullock, Harvey R. R 1, Moriah, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Adcock, Nathan L. Beck, Elmos Bullock, Hillorv M. Moriah, N. C. Xorthside, X. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Adcock, Willie B. Black, Isaac Bullock, Jesse James Oxford, N. C. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Stem, X. C. Aiken, Lee Blackley, Willis Herbert Bullock, John Watkins Oxford, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. Bullock, X. C. Allen, Claude Wm. Blalock, Wallace A. Bullock, Johnnie A. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Stem, X. C. Allen, Thomas W. Blanchard, Abram W. Bumpass, Felix H. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Allen, Vance Bobbitt, Wm. Xorman Burnett, Zaek F. R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Hester, N. C. R 6, Oxford, X. C. Allgood, Rufus W. Bowling, Roy Thomas Cannady, Samuel C. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Arrington, Ollie B. Boyd, John Henry Carey, Russell B. Hargrove, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. R 1, Xelson, Va. Arrington, Wm. H. Bradford, Benj. H. Carrington, Jas. Roland Oxford, N. C. R 3, Oxford, X. C. Oxford, X. C. Averett, Frank H. Breedlove, James L. Carroll, Jesse B. R 2, Oxford, N. C, R 5, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Averett, Otho Brummitt, Xathaniel C. Cash, Thurman R 1, Hester, N. C. R 2, Kittrell, X. C. Oxford, X. C. Bailey, James Bryan, Henry Blount Chambers, Woody T. R 5, Wake Forest, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Stem, X. C. Ballon, Edward B. Buchanan, Dallas M. Champion, James A. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. R 2, Creedmoor, X. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 139

Chandler, Jennie L. Oxford, N. C. Chandler, Rufus E. Virgilina, Va. >V^4 Chappell, Claudie Meek Creedmoor, N. C. Chappell, Maynard M. Creedmoor, N. C. Chason, Win. Durham, N. C. Cheatham, Leonard W. R 5, Henderson, N. C. Choplin, Ollie R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Clark, Frank S. Berea, N. C. Clark, Geo. Washington R 5, Oxford, N. C. Clark, Robert T. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Clement, Jesse I. Oxford, N. C. Coley, Sidney L. Northside, N. C. Collins, Russell R 1, Berea, N. C. Cook, Edgar J. R 1 /Berea, N. C. Core, Christopher E. Oxford, N. C. Cottrell, Junius F. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Cottrell, Willie Green R 5, Oxford, N. C. Cox, George L. Stovall, N. C. Cozart, Benj. F. Stem, N. C. Cozart, Eddie B. Stem, N. C. Cozart, Floyd Stem, N. C. Cozart, Frank T. Stem, N. C. Cozart, Robert T. R 1, Stem, N. C. Crews, Win. Barker R 6, Oxford, N. C. Critcher, E. J. Stovall. N. C. Culbreth, Wm. Bullock, N. C. Culbreth, Wm. Oscar Stovall, N. C. Currin, Benjamin A. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Currin, Harvev L. Stovall, N. C. Currin, Oliver L. Oxford, N. C. Currin, Vivian D. Berea, N. C. Currin, Wade Madison R 2, Virgilina, Va. Cutts, Uriah P. Stovall, N. C. 140 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Daniel, James Ernest Garrett, Mark Gresham King, O. M. R 5, Henderson, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Stem, X. C. Daniel, Robert G. Glasscock, Robert W. Knight, Herbert J. R 1, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Virgilina, Va. R 3, Oxford, X. C. Daniel, Roy C. Gooch, Lee C. Knott, Samuel L. Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Daniel, Wm. Allen Goode, Marvin A. Knott, Thomas J. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Virgilina, Va. R 0, Virgilina, Va. Davis, Charles Roland Gordon, James O. Landis, Hamlin R 3, Youngsville, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Davis, Crawford W. Graham, A. W., Jr. Landis, Mark A. R G, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Davis, Edward W. Greenway, Reuben S. Lassiter, Joe Davis R 6, Oxford, N. C. R 5, Vh-gilina, Va. Oxford, X. C. Davis, Irvin Shaw Hardee, Erastus B. Latta, Dawson Finley R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Stem, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Dean, Alfred B. Hardee, Parrott B. Latta, E. A. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Dean, Willie L. Harris, Eugene 0. Latta, Lonnie M. Oxford, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Creedmoor, X. C. Dement, Norman B. Harris, Harvey R. Lawrence, Corrie R 5, Oxford, N. C. R 2, Kittrell, N. C. R 2, Creedmoor, X. C. Dickerson, Roy Booth Harris, Richard W. Lawrence, Gresham T. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. R 2, Creedmoor, X. C. Dickerson, Rufus Barnum Hart, A. T. Lawrence, Macon W. Wake Forest, N. C. R 4, Oxford, X. C. R 2, Creedmoor, X. C. Dillard, Roy E. Hart, Roy C. Lloyd, Hughie V. R 5, Wake Forest, N. C. R 5, Oxford, X. C. Creedmoor, X. C. Duke, Connie H. Harte, Xelson N. Lloyd, Oscar Lee Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. R 4, Oxford, X. C. Duke, Fonnie A. Haswell, Gratis Lloyd, Thomas C. Tar River, N. C. R 3, Youngsville, X. C. R 4, Oxford, X. C. Eakes, Bennie A. Hester, Benj. F. Longmire, A. L. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Hester, X. C. R 2, Franklinton, X. C. Eakes, Ernest 0. Hight, Robert Benton Lumpkin, Kenneth Talmage Oxford, N. C. R 5, Oxford, X. C. Oxford, X. C. Eastwood, Henry Hobgood, E. B. Lyon, Ben R. Bullock, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Xorthside, X. C. Elexson, John C. Hobgood, James G. Lyon, Herman T. R 1, Moriah, N. C. R 5, Oxford, X. C. Lyons, X. C. Elliott, George Green Hobgood, Joshua Lyon, Wiley L. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Xorthside, X. C. Evans, Ernest W. Hobgood, Samuel Mangum, O. T. R 4, Oxford, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Stem, X. C. Farabow, Henry W. Hobgood, Thomas G. Matthews, Geoi'ge L. R 3, Stem, X. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Bullock, X. C. Fitz, John C. L. Hockaday, Sidney M. Matthews, Thomas Bullock, N. C. R 2, Creedmoor, X. C. Bullock, X. C. Fowler, Ira L. Howard, Ernest B. May, Zollie T. Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, X. C. R 2, Youngsville, X. C. Fowler, Willie Howell, Buck Duke Mayes, Benona P. R 3, Creedmoor, X. C. R 2, Kittrell, X. C. Oxford, X. C. Fleming, Edward O. Howell, McKinley Reed Meadows, Author G. R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. R 2, Kittrell, X. C. R 1, Moriah, X. C. Fleming, Frederick Guy Hunt, George P. Meadows, Coi-bitt L. Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Moriah, X. C. Floyd, Jarvin S. Hunt, Mark H. Mitchell, Henry H. R 2, Oxford, N. C. R 2, Hester, X. C. R 1, Franklinton, X. C. Franklin, Edward A. Icord, Frank Mitchell, J. W. Stem, N. C. Berea, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, X. C. Franklin, Wm. Rov Jackson, Harvey Mitchell, Ollie B. R 2, Stem, N. C. Oxford, X." C. Oxford, X. C. Frazier, Arvid D. Jenkins, Roy G. Moore, Luther Stem, N. C. Franklinton, N. C. Berea, X. C. Frazier, J. Early Jones, Jubal 0. Moore, Marvin F. R 1, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, X. C. Stem, X. C. Flovd, Edward Y. Jones, Stephen Henry, Jr. Morgan, Charles H. R 1, Hester, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. R 1, Xelson, Va. Frazier, Phocian F. Jones, Willie Thomas Morgan, James B. R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, X. C. Oxford, X. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 141

Morgan, Robert Lee Pleasant, Jesse L. Tingen, Robert L. R 1, Nelson, Va. R 3, Youngsville, N. C. R 1, Stovall, N. C. Morris, Fred R. Pleasant, Sam J. Tola, Gioacchio R 1, Oxford, N. C. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Morton, James Preddy, Jesse K. Turner, Nathan C. Stovall, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Morton, Nathaniel V. Preddy, Roy Umstead, Luther W. R 4, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. R 1, Stem, N. C. Moss, Carl Haywood Puckett, Hallie M. Umstead, Roy S. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Moss, Wm. Henry Robards, Earl C. Vaughan, Luther M. R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Nelson, Va. Moss, Herbert Samuel Roberts, Victor C. Vaughan, Roy C. Creedmoor, N. C. Stem, N. C. Bullock, N. C. Moss, John P. Roycroft, Augustus G. Veasey, Alexander H. Creedmoor, N. C. Northside, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Moss, Thomas E. Sandifer, Obie Burton Veasey, Coleman B. Creedmoor, N. C. R 1, Hester, N. C. R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. Nance, Pender Sanford, Robert G. Wadford, A. D. Creedmoor, N. C. R 1, Stem, N. C. Stem, N. C. Nelson, Avis Allen Sherman, Gattis L. Wagstaff, Alton S. R 2, Virgilina, Va. R 1, Berea, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Nevils, Ollie M. Sherman, Herman T. Walker, Roy J. Northside, N. C. R 1, Berea, N. C. Stem, N. C. Noblin, Roy L. Sherman, Tenny Allen Walker, Willis R. R 1, Nelson, Va. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Norwood, L. T. Sherron, Emmitt B. Walters, Sidnev J. Bullock, N. C. R 3, Youngsville, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oakley, Samuel E. Sizemore, John L. Webb, William D. Moriah, N. C. R 3, Clarksville, Va. Oxford, N. C. Oakley, Titue Slaughter, Clifton West, Tenny B. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 7, Oxford, N. C. O'Brien, Carlton Patrick Slaughter, Edward R. Wheeler, Kelly B. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Berea, N. C. East Durham, N. C. O'Brien. Rufus Carroll Slaughter, John Whitaker, L. E. Stovall, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Stem, N. C. Overton, Athie L. Strickland, Charles B. Wilkins, Elvin Hester, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Owen, Robert Strother, Bertram T. Wilkins, Fred C. Stovall, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Stem, N. C. Parham, Lewis D. Stroud, Luther P. Wilkins, James A. R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Hester, N. C. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Parham, Raymond W. Tavlor, Casey B. Wilkinson, Frank R 7, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Berea, N. C. Parham, Samuel S. Taylor, Eurn F. Williams, Alexander R 3, Oxford, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Parish, Fred F. Tavlor, Joseph W. Williford, Lewis H. " Stem, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Moriah, N. C. Parrott, Frank E. Taylor, Robert K. Williams, Taylor R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Northside, N. C. Peace, George G. Thaxton, James Thomas Williams, Thomas B. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Tar River, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Pearce, Janadius H. Thomas, Frank 0. Wilson, Graham J. W. R 3, Youngsville, N. C. R 5, Virgilina, Va. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Peed, Fred L. Thomas, George N. Wilson, Guy Hendricks Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Sumter, S. C. Peed, Hugh F. Thomas, Lawrence Winters, Wm. E. Oxford, N. C. R 2, Stem, N. C. Stem, N. C. Peed, Jock John Thomas, Roy Benj. Wood, John Meadows Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Perry, James Elmore Thomas, Walter H. Woodlief, Charlie R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. R 2, Stem, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Pinnix, Marshall K. Thomasson, Hunter M. Wright, Geo. L. Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Pittard, James J. Thomasson, James M. Yancey, James T. R 2, Oxford, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Oxford, N. C. Pittard, John B. Tillery, Geo. L. Yancev, Robert Alvis Bullock, N. C. Wilmington, N. C. R" 2, Virgilina, Va. Pittard, Raleigh C. Tillotson, Charles Morton Yow, L. F. R 1, Nelson, Va. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Oxford. N. C. 142 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 143

Pershing's Men Did the Work But the Navy Put 'Em There

The importance of the United States President Wilson. This, though slowing Navy in the war can hardly be exagger- down shipping by fully twenty per cent., ated. Within less than a month after hos- enabled a comparatively safe passage of tilities were declared, she had sent a de- troops and was probably the greatest tachment of destroyers to European wa- stroke of the Navy during the war. ters. By October, 1918, there were 338 During all the time the United States ships of all classes flying the American flag was engaged in the war the enemy's naval in foreign waters. The operations of the forces, with the exception of the subma- Navy during the war covered the widest rines, were blockaded in his ports. This, scope in its history. They operated in Eu- of course, prevented naval engagements ropean waters from the Mediterranean to of a major character. The destroyers, sub- the White Sea. At Corfu, Gibraltar, in marine chasers and patrol vessels, how- the Bay of Biscay, on the Irish Coast, at ever, waged an unceasing offensive against the English Channel ports, in the North the submarine menace to shipping and Sea and at Archangel, they did creditable troop convoy, and only three vesesls were work. This service was not as brilliant sunk. These were the Antilles, the Pi'esi- perhaps as that of the army, because the dent Lincoln and the Covington. Each was nature of its vital work kept it from the struck on her return voyage, so that the front. Even though its activities were loss of life was comparatively small. Only probably less glorious, still they were none three fighting vessels were lost as the re- the less important and necessary to the sult of enemy action—a patrol ship, a tor- cause. pedo boat destroyer and a cruiser. The Naval men served on nearly 2,000 craft other transports and destroyers struck by that plied the waters of the globe, on sub- the enemy during the war reached port marines that had no fear of the under-sea without loss of life. Other transports car- perils, and in aviation where men of cour- rying United States soldiers went down, age fought and prevented surprise attacks but these were being convoyed by the Brit- with new-found weapons. ish Admiralty. Chief among these was the In diplomacy, in investigation at home Tuscania, sunk off the Coast of Ireland and in all parts of the world by naval offi- February 6, 1918, with a loss of 212 lives. cers and civilian agents, in protecting in- The most serious loss of life in the navy dustry from enemy spies, in promoting as a result of its war-time activity result- new industries and enlarging older ones to ed when 111 officers and men of the Coast meet war-time needs—these are a few of Guard cutter Tampa perished when their the accomplishments that are outstanding vessel was sunk in Bristol Channel, Eng- in the part played by the Navy in winning land, in September, 1918. The Tampa had the war. been doing escort duty in the transport Shortly after the declaration of war, service. It had gone ahead of the convoy the submarine problem had become so acute and was sunk, soon after leaving the other

and the merchant ship losses so great, it vessels. became necessary to adopt more effective With its record of phenomenal transport methods in dealing with the problem and service in protecting troops and shipping

making shipping safer. The system of against the enemy submarine offensive ; its convoy was adopted at the suggestion of splendid co-operation with the British 144 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

fleet in keeping the German navy in port ras and Rangoon, but was, finally, destroy- and Germany herself blockaded ; its stellar ed on November 9th by the Australian cruis- work with the giant 14-inch long range er Sydney off Cocos island. guns at the front; and its subsequent spec- The largest detached German squadron, tacular feat in first bridging the Atlantic however, was in the Pacific. Starting out by air, the United States Navy had a share from Tsing-tao at the beginning of the in the World War as brilliant as that of the war, the armored cruisers Gneisenau and Army, and was equally important and es- Scharnhorst were soon joined by the sential in keeping the war wheels turning light cruisers Nurnburg, Leipsic and victoriously. Dresden and crossed the Pacific without The German army was not better pre- molestation. Off Coronel, Chili, on Novem- pared for instant action on land than was ber 1st, the Germans encountered the Brit- the British navy for war at sea. While its ish armored cruisers Monmouth and greatest work throughout the war consist- Good Hope and the light cruiser Glas- ed in keeping open the sea routes for the gow. The British guns were outranged transport of troops and commerce, it con- and both the Monmouth and the Good tinually challenged the powerful fleet of Hope were sunk with all hands. The Germany to come out and fight. The first British hastily dispatched a large fleet of of these challenges was on August 28th. superior vessels and on December 8th they A British submarine came to the surface met the Germans again off the Falkland off Helgoland, pretending to be in trouble, Islands and destroyed the entire squadron. in the hope of decoying the German ves- The battle cruiser Goeben and the sels from the bay. A swarm of German light cruiser Breslau were at Naples. light cruisers and destroyers rushed out, Forced to leave by Italy's declaration of whereupon a British squadron, just out of neutrality, they eluded the British squad- sight below the horizon, clashed up and in ron, which was watching for them, and the ensuing fight three German light cruis- reached Constantinople. There they were ers and eight destroyers were sunk or nominally transferred to the Turks, though badly crippled with small loss to the Brit- they remained under German command. As ish. a matter of fact, the Germans had prob- The Germans had their revenge on Sep- ably long since reached an understanding tember 22d, when the British cruisers with the Germanized leaders of the young Aboukir, Cressy and Hogue were caught Turk party that Turkey was to join them unguarded off the coast of Holland and in the war. It caused small surprise, there- sunk by the submarine U-9, with the loss of fore, when the recent German cruisers in their crews. late October raided Russian shipping at Several German cruisers were on sta- Odessa. The Russian ambassador at once tions in remote seas. The Karlsruhe was asked for his passports and on November off the Atlantic coast of the United States. 5th Great Britain and the other Allies de- After being hunted for some weeks, she clared war on Turkey. mysteriously disappeared, supposedly by The second naval battle in the North Sea an internal explosion. The Koenigsberg, occurred on January 24th. Two or three after one successful action with a lighter times during the fall of 1914. German British vessel at Zanzibar, was chased up cruisers appeared off the British coast, the Rufiji River in German East Africa, dropped a few shells on unimportant places where she was later destroyed. The Em- and fled back to their base before they den had a brilliant career of three months could be overhauled. One such raid on in the Indian Ocean as a commerce destroy- Scarborough in December aroused particu- er and actually raided the harbors of Mad- lar indignation among the British. On GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 145

January 24th a raiding squadron of this other desperate assault was made by Aus- character, consisting of four battle cruis- tralian and Indian troops. It failed and ers, was overtaken off Dogger Bank. One after hanging on for the remainder of the German ship, the Bluecher, was sunk, summer, the army was withdrawn in De- and the other three were damaged. The cember and the following January. British had little trouble from such raids An attack by a British naval force on thereafter. Tanga, a port of German East Africa, on The special purpose of the Germans in November 3-5, 1914, however, met dis- dragging the Turks into the war was to aster. cut the Suez Canal and invade Egypt. The The events of 1915, which had most in- British declared Egypt independent of fluence on the outcome of the war, though Turkey. An ambitious campaign in No- not in the way which the Germans expected, vember brought a column of some thous- were the operations of submarines. On ands of Turks straggling across the desert. February 4th, the German government de- They were easily repulsed. clared all the waters around the British With the hope of taking Constantinople Isles a war zone and gave notice that neu- and crushing the Turks at once, a squadron tral as well as enemy shipping was liable to of British and French ships on February be sunk. This aroused the United States. 19th shelled the forts guarding the entrance The President immediately notified Ger- to the Dardanelles. The attack was re- many that she would be held to "strict ac- peated on the 25th, and had the ships been countability." accompanied by an adequate landing force, The seriousness of the submarine threat the forts might have been taken. The soon became apparent when the British Turks had very few guns and were almost steamer Falaba was sunk on March 28th without ammunition. The Germans rushed in Saint George's Channel, drowning 111 supplies to them, however, and when, on of the passengers and crew, including one March 18th, the Allied fleet delivered what American. Soon afterward the American was intended to be the final blow, the Turks steamer dishing was attacked and dam- sent floating mines down the channel, sink- aged by a German airplane in the North ing three battleships and badly damaging Sea and a little later the Gulflight was two others. It was then recognized that torpedoed off the Sicily islands. the straits could not be forced by naval at- The climax came on May 7th, however, tack alone and an expedition of 130,000 men when the great passenger liner Lusitania under General Sir Ian Hamilton was orga- was torpedoed off the south coast of Ire- nized at Alexandria. It arrived late in land with a loss of 1,154 men, women and April and a landing was made after hard children, of whom 114 were Americans. fighting on the point of the peninsula on Indignation blazed to a white heat. It was April 25th. A series of hard battles was thought that the United States would de- fought during May and early June, but the clare war at once. The President called on Turks could not be dislodged. The Ger- Germany to disavow the act, adding that mans sent submarines into the Mediterra- the United States would not "omit any word nean and the British lost three more bat- or any act necessary to the performance of tleships from this cause. British subma- its sacred duty" of maintaining the rights rines two or three times ran the straits and of its citizens. The Germans, however, raided shipping in the Sea of Marmora and made a conciliatory answer, and although the port of Constantinople itself—an enter- the steamer Nebraska was soon after- prise, which, if tried in the first attack, ward torpedoed, but not sunk, the incident might have demoralized the Turks and was allowed to dwindle into a series of in- gained the victory. On August 10th an- conclusive diplomatic notes, only to flame

H-R-17 146 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR up again when, on August 19th, the liner resume frightfulness at sea. On March Arabic was sunk off Ireland with a loss 24th the Channel steamer Sussex was of 44 passengers and crew, including two torpedoed without warning. There were Americans. 25 Americans on board, and, though the More notes followed, culminating on Oc- i-hip did not sink and all passengers were tober 5th in a disavowel by the German gov- saved, this was so direct a violation of the ernment of the act of the submarine com- promise given to the United States in the mander, an offer to pay indemnity and a preceding October that it rekindled the promise that no similar incident would oc- American war fever, especially when it was cur again. followed by the sinking of several freight- Little more than a month afterward, the ers by which American seamen were lost or Arabic tragedy was repeated in the Medi- endangered. President Wilson threatened terranean when the Italian liner Ancona to sever diplomatic relations unless the was sunk with a loss of more than 200 lives, German government should at once aban- including nine Americans. The responsi- don these methods of warfare, but by the bility for this act, however, was assumed time Germany was ready to reply the Ver- by the Austrian government, which, after dun enterprise had ceased to look encour- another series of notes, duplicated the Ger- aging, and Germany once more promised man promise and then broke it on Decem- to observe the principles of visit and search ber 30th by sinking the liner Persia with and not to sink ships "without warning a loss of 392 lives, including an American and without saving lives." Again the consul. United States kept out of war for the mo- Public indignation was further aroused ment by accepting the German word. by the discovery of indisputable evidence It was not merely on land, however, but that, while this controversy was going on, also at sea, that Germany undertook to plots to foment strikes, destroy munition force a conclusion in the spring of 1916. In plants and commit other acts against the the afternoon of May 31st a squadron of peace of the United States were being di- six British cruisers under Vice Admiral rected from the German and Austrian em- Beatty sighted German ships on the hori- bassies. The recall of the Austrian ambas- zon. Sending word to Admiral Jellicoe, sador, Dr. Dumba, was demanded in Sep- who was 50 miles astern with the main fleet, tember, and the German military and nav- Beatty rushed forward and soon found al attaches. Captain von Papen and Cap- himself confronting the entire German high tain Boy-Ed, were similarly sent home in seas fleet of 20 armorclads and more than December. 100 light cruisers, destroyers and subma- Nevertheless, the government accepted rines. Only the Fifth British battle squad- the German word, and the country was ron of four dreadnoughts under Read Ad- kept out of war for the time being, even re- miral Evan-Thomas got up in time to give fraining from beginning any active prepa- Beatty much assistance. Darkness and ration. The Lusitania sinking, how- the danger of mines enabled the Germans ever, had turned against the Teutonic to draw off. The British lost three battle powers a greater force than cannon or arm- cruisers, including the 27,000-ton dread- ed battalions. It had aroused the con- naught Queen Mary, three armored cruis- science of civilization. Their every word ers and three destroyers. The Germans and act thereafter was faced by the silent, admitted the loss of one battleship, the accusing fingers of drowned children. 28,000-ton battle cruiser Luetzow, four Doubtless the German belief that Verdun light cruisers and five destroyers. While would force the French and British to ac- in tonnage and lives the British loss was cept peace inspired the determination to the greater, the actual damage to the Ger- GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 147 man fleet and its morale was evidently the 23d, which blocked the harbor of Zee- much more severe than was acknowledged. brugge and partially blocked Ostend, and In its results this battle was certainly de- a similar enterprise by the Italians on May cisive in favor of British sea power, for the 16th, by which an Austrian battleship was German fleet never again emerged into the sunk in the harbor of Pola, demonstrated North Sea until it came out to surrender. that the Allies were still masters of the A brilliant naval raid by the British on sea, at least. 148 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

LEE AVERETT FRANCIS STEDMAN BRADSHER R. F. D. 6, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Company Commander, Company No. 1, Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. George Wash- Naval Operating Base, Norfolk, Va. Born ington, U. S. Regular Navy. Born July December 15, 1896. Son of Jerome L. and 10, 1900. Son of James S. and Sallie T. Lorena Averett. Entered service July Brads-'her. Entered service April 1, 1917, 5, 1918, at U. S. Naval Operating Base", Norfolk, Va. Served at U. S. Naval Base. at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Overseas Promoted to Commander January 5, 1919. one year on transport duty. Released from active duty February 15, 1919.

JAMES LYNCH BOOTH JAMES SIDNEY BRADSHER, JR. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Ensign, U. S. S. Arizona, U. S. N. R. F. Hospital Apprentice, Great Lakes Naval Born February 28, 1894. Son of Thomas Hospital, U. S. N. R. F. Born April 22, L. and Alma H. Booth. Entered service 1897. Son of James S. and Sallie T. Brad- April 5, 1917, at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Overseas on convoy duty. Released sher. Entered service June 1, 1918, at from active service March 12, 1919. Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 149

WILLIAM DREW BRYAN, JR. ASHBOURNE DOUGLAS CAPEHART Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. First-Class Electrician on U. S. S. Black Petty Officer, 3rd class, U. S. N. R. F. Hawk. Born September 9, 1893. Son of Born in Granville County. Son of Mr. Armistead L. and Lillian W. B. Capehart. and Mrs. William D. Bryan, Sr. Entered Entered service May, 1917, at Richmond, service May 30, 1918, at U. S. Receiving Va. Promoted to rank of first-class elec- Ship, Norfolk, Va. Saw service on U. S. trician July 1, 1919. Overseas one year and two months. One year in training at S. Pennsylvania, also U. S. S. Maine as the Electrical School in Brooklyn and in Radio Operator. Released from active the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Eight months duty July 1, 1919. off the east coast of Scotland. Was with the fleet at Scapa Flow and with the mine sweepers on the North Sea for about six months.

JAMES DUDLEY BULLOCK Oxford, N. C. Yeoman, 3rd class, U. S. N. R. F., Nav- HENRY GEORGE COOPER, JR. al Operating Base, Norfolk, Va. Born Oxford, N. C. March 21, 1899. Son of James Dudley and Lieutenant Commander, U. S. Regular Annie B. Bullock. Entered service May Navy. Born November 25, 1888. Son of 29, 1918, at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, Va. Henry George Cooper, Sr. Entered ser- Promoted to yoeman, 3rd class, April 15, vice May 5, 1905. Promoted to Lieuten- 1919. Released from active duty July 28, ant Commander July 15, 1918. At sea 1919. continuously during the war. 150 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

CARLYLE CLARENCE CREWS Hester, X. C. EUGENE THOMAS CREWS Oxford, N. C. Seaman, 2nd class, U. S. X. R. F. Born November 3, 1896. Son of E. R. Crews. Son of Eugene Thomas Crews and Em- Born July 10, Entered service June 4, 1918, at U. S. Re- ma Greenwood Lunsford. in ceiving- Ship, Norfolk, Va. Released from 1885. Enlisted in the Marine Corps 1918. training at Paris active duty June 9, 1919. June, Received Island. Honorably discharged March 1, 1919.

EDWARD ABBOTT DANIEL Stovall, N. C. WILLIAM PRESSLEY DAVIS First Class Fireman, age 20. Born in Stovall, N. C. Granville Countv. Volunteered from First-Class Machinist Mate, Civil En- Charleston, W. Va., in U. S. N. R. F. May gineer Duties, U. S. N. R. F. Born July 23, 1918. Went into training at Hampton 6, 1895. Son of Camilla Webb Davis. En- Roads. Va. Drafted on U. S. S. Alabama,. tered service June 28, 1918, at U. S. Na- Served six weeks. Transferred to U. S. S. val Training Station, Hampton Roads, Va. Elinor. Made two trips to France, was Served on U. S. S. Maggie; U. S. S. Dela- then transferred to transport Orizaba to ware; Public Works Office, 5th Naval Dis- bring troops from France and made five trict Headquarters, Hampton Roads, Va.; trips in this service. Released September Naval Air Station, Morehead City, N. C. 11, 1919. Released from active duty July 9, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 151

CHESTER CARL ELLINGTON EDWIN THOMAS FULLER Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C.

Second-Class Seaman. Born May 1, Seaman, 2nd class, U. S. N. R. F. On U. 1897. Son of J. M. Ellington. Entered S. S. Wyoming. Born September 26, 1896. service May 28, 1918. Overseas two trips. Son of Lucius and Hennis Fuller. Entered Served on U. S. S. Wieldricht. Released service August 11, 1918, at Naval Operat- from active duty January 12, 1919. ing Base, Norfolk, Va. Went overseas in October, 1918. Released from active duty February 5, 1919.

JOHN MOREHEAD EMMETT Oxford, N. C. CLYDE EARL GOOCH Liuetenant, Senior Gi-ade, U. S. S. N. Oxford, N. C. R. F. Born June 17, 1893. Son of Dr. J. Yeoman, 3rd class, Wireless Station, U. M. M. and Mrs. Candace Emmett-Brown. S. Naval Operating Base, Hampton Roads, Entered service August, 1917, at Quanti- Va. Born June 12, 1896. Son of Mr. and co, Va. Went overseas October 8, 1918. Mrs. D. J. Gooch. Entered service May Stationed at Base Hospital No. 5, Brest, 17, 1918, at Raleigh, N. C. Stationed at France. Honorably discharged June 25, Hampton Roads, 5th Naval District. Re- 1919. leased from active duty Junuary 2, 1919. 154 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

ADCUS B. WILSON WILLIAM REID WILSON Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Seaman, 2nd class, Submarine Destroy- Volunteered at the age of twenty in U. er, No. 319. Born July 22, 1896. Son of S. N. R. F. at Washington, D. C, July 18, W. J. Wilson. Entered service June 10, 1918, as third-class fireman. Called to active service 1918, at St. Helena Training Station, September 12, 1918, at Na- val Operating Base, Hampton Roads, Va. Norfolk, Va. Overseas six months on con- Assigned to sea duty October 27, 1918, voy duty. Released from active duty Jan- on U. S. S. South Carolina. Released from uary 1, 1919. active service January 14, 1919.

DORSEY HESTER WRENN Oxford, N. C. Seaman, 1st class, U. S. S. Michigan. Born June 15, 1893. Son of James W. and Carrie Wrenn. Entered service July 2, 1917, at U. S. Naval Training Station, Providence, R. I. Overseas six months on convoy duty. Released from active service June 7, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 155

Historical Dates in the World War

1914 Aug. 23 Japan declares war on Germany. June 28—Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Aug. 23-Sept. 6—Retreat of British-French Austria-Hungary assassinated. Mons to the Marne. July 23 Austrian ultimatum to Serbia. Aug. 23 26—Austrians defeat Russians at July 28- Austria declares war on Serbia. battle of Krasnik. July 29 —Russia calls reserves to colors. Aug. —Austria declares war on Japan. July 29 Bombardment of Belgrade. Aug. 26—Germans surrender Togoland. Aug. 1- —Germany declares war on Russia. Aug. 26 First bomb dropped from Zeppe- Aug. 1 France orders mobilization. lin on Antwerp. Aug. 2- Germans enter Luxemburg. Aug. 27 Surrender of Longway. Aug. 9. —German ultimatum to Belgium. Aug. 27 Burning of Louvain. Aug. 9. First skirmish between Germans Aug. 2 —Naval battle off Helgoland. and Russians. Aug. 28 —Austria declares war on Belgium. Aug. 2—First skirmish between Germans Aug. 29 -31—Germans defeat Russians in and French. battle of Tannenberg. Aug. 3 —Germany declares war on France. Sept. —Japanese land on Shantung pen- Aug. 4 Germany invades Belgium. insula. Aug. 4—Great Britain declares war on Sept. 2 —Russians take Lemberg. Germany. Sept. 4 8—Russians defeat Austrians, Ra- Aug. 4 —Italy proclaims neutrality. waruska and Tomaszov. Aug. 5- Germans attack Liege. Sept. 5 10—Battle of the Marne. Aug. 6- —Austria declares war on Russia. Sept. 9 —Surrender of Maubeuge. Aug. 8- Montenegro declares war on Sept. 7 13—Germans defeat Russians in Austria. East Prussia. Aug. 7-8—French invade Alsace (taking Sept. 12 15—Battle of the Aisne. Altkirch and Mulhausen). Sept. 13 —French retake Reims. Aug. 9—Germans take Liege. Sept. 16—Germans bombard Reims cathe- Aug. 9—Serbia declares war on Germany. dral. Aug. 10—France declares war on Austria. Sept. 9,9,—British cruisers Aboukir, Cres- Aug. 11 —Germans enter France through sy and Hogue sunk by submarine. Luxemburg. Sept .26-—Germans take St. Mihiel. Aug. 11—French driven from Mulhausen. Sept .27--Oct. 3—Battle of the Niemen and Aug. 12—Great Britain declares war on Augustowa. Austria-Hungary. Sept .29--30—Battle of Tarnow. Aug. 12—Montenegro declares war on Ger- Oct. 9-—Capture of Antwerp. many. Oct. 10- 12—Battle of Lille. Aug. 16-23—Serbians defeat Austrians in Oct. 12-—Germans capture Ghent. battle of the Jadar. Oct. 13-—Germans take Lille. Aug. 19—Belgians defeated before Louvain. Oct. 14-—Germans take Bruges. Aug. 20—Germans enter Brussels. Oct. 15-—Germans take Ostend. Aug. 20-21—Russians defeat Germans at Oct. 15-:23—Battle of Warsaw. Gumbinnen. Oct. 17-:Nov. 11—Battle of Ypres and the Aug. 22—Germans take Namur. Yser. Aug. 23—British and French defeated at Oct. 18 —Battle of destroyers off Dutch Mons and Chareloi. coast. —

156 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Oct. 26—Italians occupy Avlona, Albania. Feb. 28-Mar. 1 —Russian offensive in Nor- Oct. 29—Turkey begins hostilities against thern Poland. Russia. Mar. 10—German cruiser Prinz Eitel Nov. 1—Sea battle off Coronel, Chili. Freidrich enters Newport News. Nov. 4—British attack on Tanga, German Mar. 10-12—Battle of Neuve Chapelle. East Africa, defeated. Mar. 18—Third naval attack on Darda-

Nov. 5—Great Britain declares war on nelles forts repulsed ; three bat- Turkey. tleships sunk. Nov. 7—Japanese take Tsing-tau. Mar. 20—Russians take Memel. Nov. 9—German cruiser Emden de- Mar. 22—Surrender of Przemysl and Aus- stroyed. trian army. Nov. 16—German success on Plock-Warthe Mar. 28—Passenger steamer Falaba sunk line, Poland. by submarine; 111 lost. Nov. 19-28—Battle of Lodz. Apr. 4—Russians go through the Beskid Nov. 23—Portugal joins the Allies. range, Hungary. Dec. 2—Austrians take Belgrade. Apr. 4-9—Battle of Les Eparges. Dec. 6—Germans take Lodz. Apr. 11—German cruiser Kronprinz Wil- 6-14 re- enters Dec. —Serbians defeat Austrians ; helm Hampton Roads. take Belgrade. Apr. 22-24—Second battle of Ypres (St. first Dec. 8—Naval battle off Falkland Islands. Julien) ; use of gas. Dec. 9—British take Kurna, Mesopotamia. Apr. 23—British victory at Shaiba, Meso- Dec. 16—German raid on Scarborough, potamia. England. Apr. 25—British and French land on Gal- Dec. 17—British proclaim protectorate lipoli. over Egypt. Apr. 30—Germans advance into Kovno Dec. 18-—Germans take Lowiez. and Courland. Dec. 25—British sea and air raid on Cux- May 2—American ship Gulflight torpe- haven. doed. 1915 May 2—Germans take Shavli. Jan. 3-4—Turkish defeat in the Caucasus. May 2—Battle of Gorlice; Russian front Jan. 3—French take Steinbach. broken in Galicia. Jan. 14—French defeated at Soissons. May 7 Lusitania sunk, with a loss of Jan. 17—Russians take Kirlibaba pass. 1,154 lives, 114 of whom were Jan. 24—Naval battle off Dogger Bank. Americans. Feb. 4—Germans proclaim submarine May 11—French take Carency and Notre blockade of British Isles to begin Dame de Lorette. February 18th. May 13—President Wilson protests Lusi- Feb. 2-3—Turks attack Suez Canal. tania sinking. Feb. 10—President Wilson's strict accoun- May 15-17_Battle of the San. tability note to Germany. May 16—Four Zeppelins destroyed m air Feb. 11-12—Russians driven from East raid on England. Prussia. May 16—Battle of Festubert. Feb. 16—French take Perthes. May 23—Italy declares war on Austria. Feb. 18—Austrians take Czernowitz. June 2—Germans retake Przemysl. Feb. 19—Naval attack on Dardanelles June 9—Second American note on subma- forts. rine sinkings. Feb. 25—Second naval attack on Darda- June 20—German victory at Rawaruska. nelles. June 22—Austrians retake Lemberg. —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 157

June 28—United States protests sinking of Oct 28- —Viviani resigns as premier of the Frye. France. July 2-4—Battle of Krasnik. Oct. 29-—Italian attack on the Isonzo. July 9—German southwest Africa surren- Nov. 5-—Bulgarians take Nish. dered to Anglo-Boer force. Nov. 9—Italian liner Ancona torpedoed, July 14—German offensive in North Po- with a loss of more than 200 lives. land. Nov. 22--24—Battle of Ctespihon, Mesopota- July 23—Third American note on subma- mia. rines. Nov. 30-—Second Italian attack on the Aug. 4—Russians evacuate Warsaw. Isonzo. Aug. 10—Allied attack in Gallipoli fails. Dec. 3-—United States demands recall of Aug. 15—American reply to Austria-Hun- Boy-Ed and Von Papen. gary protest on arms traffic. Dec. 3-12—Anglo-French troops defeated Aug. 18—Germans take Kovno. on Vardar. Aug. 19 Arabic torpedoed, with a loss of Dec. 5—Bulgarians take Monastir. 44 lives. Dec. 6—British retreat to Kut-el-Amara. Aug. 19—Germans take Novogeorgievsk. Dec. 11 —United States protests Ancona Aug. 21—Italy declares war on Turkey. sinking. Aug. 26—Germans take Byalystok and Dec. 15—Sir Douglas Haig succeeds Sir Brest-Litovsk. John French in command of Sept. 1 —Austrians take Lutsk. British forces. Sept. 2—Germans take Grodno. Dec. 20- —British withdraw from Gallipoli. Sept. 8—Grand Duke Nicholas removed Dec. 21- 22—French take Hartmans-Weil- from command of Russia armies. erkopf. Sept. 9—American note on Arabic sink- Dec. 27-—British defeat Arab revolt in ing. West Egypt. Sept. 9—United States demands recall of Dec. 30—Liner Persia sunk, with a loss of Austrian Ambassador Dumba. 392 lives, including an American Sept. 9—Russian success on Sereth River. Consul. Sept. 9—Austrians take Dubno. 1916 Sept. 18—Germans take Vilna. Jan. 13- Austrians take Cettinje, M3nte- Sept. 22—Bulgaria orders mobilization. negro. Sept. 25—Battle of Loos. Jan. 16- Russians begin drive in Caucas- Sept. 25—Battle of Champagne. us. Oct. 3—Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria. Jan. 19- King Nicholas of Montenegro Oct. 5—German reply in Arabic case flees. concedes American points. Feb. 16 -Russians take Erzeroum. Oct. 6—German - Austrian offensive Feb. 18-—Allied conquest of Cameroons.

against Serbia ; Danube crossed. Feb. 20- German offensive at Verdun bs- Oct. 8—Belgrade taken. gun. Oct. 12—Bulgarians invade Serbia. Feb. 26 Germans take Fort Douaumont. Oct. 13—Execution of Edith Cavell. Mar. 15- Von Tirpitz retires as head of Oct. 14—Bulgaria declares war on Serbia. German navy. Oct. 15—Britain declares war on Bulgaria. Mai- .24 -Steamer Sussex torpedoed. No Oct. 22—Greece refuses offer of Great lives lost. Britain to cede Cyprus. Mar..26- Britsih naval air raid on Jut- Oct. 24— Bulgarians take Uskup. land. ;

158 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Mar. 31—Russian hospital ship Portugal Aug. 11—Italians take Carso plateau. sunk. Aug. 18—Bulgarians enter North Greece. Apr. 18—Russians take Trebizond. Aug. 27—Italy declares war on Germany. Apr. 19—President Wilson's note regard- Aug. 27—Bulgarians enter Greek Mace- ing the torpedoing of the Sussex. donia. Apr. 21 —Arrest of Sir Roger Casement. Aug. 28—Roumania declares war on Aus- Apr. 24—Irish rebellion. tria. Apr. 28—General Townshend surrenders Aug. 29—Hindenburg becomes German British force at Kut-el-Amara. chief of staff. May 1 —Dublin rebels surrender. Aug. 30—Roumanians take Kronstadt. May 5—Germany promises to stop sink- Sept. 2—Roumanians take Hermanstadt. ing without warning. Sept. 2-8—Bulgarians defeat Rouman- May 15—Austrian drive in Trentino be- ians in Dodrudja. gun. Sept. 6—Russian victory near Halicz. May 23-—British Commons adopt con- Sept. 15—First use of British tanks. scription. Sept. 19-23—Roumanians defeated at Vul- May 27—Austrians take Asiago. can Pass. May 31—Naval battle off Jutland. Brit- Sept. 26—British take Combles and Thie- ish lose the dreadnaught Queen pval. Mary and three armored cruis- Oct. 7—German submarine U-50 enters ers. The German loss was the Newport. battle cruiser Luetzoiv, four light Oct. 8 U-53 sinks six ships off Massa- cruisers and five destroyers. chusetts coast. June 1-7—German drive on Douaumont- Oct. 11-13—Italian advance on the Carso. Vaux. Oct. 17—Allies take over Greek fleet and June 2-16—Third battle of Ypres. land forces. June 4-Aug. 15—Russian offensive Pripet Oct. 23—Roumanians lose Canstansa. to Roumania. Oct. 24—French retake Fort Douaumont. June 6—Lord Kitchener drowned by Nov. 1—Merchant submarine Deutschland sinking of cruiser Hampshire. arrives at New London. June 6—Russians take Lutsk. Nov. 15-17—Roumanians defeated in bat- June 7—Germans take Fort Vaux. tle of Tirgu-Juil. June 10—Russians take Dubno. Nov. 19—Serbians take Monastir. June 13—Shereef of Mecca revolts from Nov. 21—Emperor Francis Joseph dies Turkey. Carl succeeds. June 17—Russians take Czernowitz. Nov. 25—French retake Fort Vaux. June 25—Russians complete conquest of Nov. 29—Sir David Beatty succeeds Sir Bukowina. John Jellicoe in command of July 1—First battle of the Somme be- British fleet. gun. Dec. 2—Entente troops move on Athens. July 9—German merchant submarine Dec. 3—Roumanians beaten in battle of Deutschland arrives at Baltimore. Argechu. July 11—British take Contalmaison. Dec. 5—Asquith resigns as premier of July 26—Russians take Erzingam. Britain. Aug. 4—Roger Casement executed. Dec. 6—Teutonic allies take Bucharest. Aug. 4—French retake Fleury and Thiau- Dec. 10—Lloyd George forms ministry. mont. Dec. 11—Nivelle succeeds Joffre in com- Aug. 9— Italians take Gorizia. mand of French. —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 159

Dec. 15—Brilliant French victory north of Apr. 9 —Austria-Hungary severs diplo- Verdun. matic relations with U. S. 1917 Apr. 9 —British take Vimy ridge. Jan. 11—Entente replies to President Wil- Apr. 10 —Brazil severs diplomatic rela- son on aims. tions with Germany. Jan. 11—British take Rata, Sinai Penin- Apr. 14 —British take Lievin. sula. Apr. 14 17—Congress passes $7,0000,000,- Jan. 31—Germany announces resumption 000 war bond bill, of submarine ruthlessness after Apr. 16 —Nivelle's offensive begun. February 1st. Apr. 1 —French take Vailly. Feb. 3—President Wilson announces se- Apr. 19 French take Fort de Conde. verance of diplomatic relations Apr. 22 —Hospital ships Lafrancs and with Germany. Donegal torpedoed. Feb. 3-5—British advance on the Ancre. Apr. 28-—Congress passes conscription bill. Feb. 7 California torpedoed. May 4-—French take Craonne. Feb. 24—German withdrawal on Somme May 4-—First squadron United States detected. navy reaches England. Feb. 24—British take Sanna-y-Yat. May 5- —French take Chemin des Dames. Feb. 25 Laconia sunk. May 7- —Greek Venizelist troops first go Feb. 25—British take Kut-el-Amara. into action beside Allies. Feb. 26—President Wilson asks Congress May 12- 13—Italian offensive on the Isonzo. for authority to arm merchant May 14- —President Wilson calls for forty- ships. four new regiments of regulars. Feb. 28—Zimmerman's Mexican plot ex- May 29- —Hospital ship Dover Castle tor- posed. pedoed. Mar. 9—President Wilson orders arming June 5 —First conscription registration of merchant ships. day in United States. Mar. 9-11 —Revolutionary riots in Petro- June 7 —British take Messines ridge. grad. June 9—President's note to Russia on Mar. 11—British take Bagdad. war aims.

Mar. 15—Czar Nicholas abdicates ; repub- June 12—King Constantine of Greece ab- lic organized, Lvoff premier. dicates. Mar. 17—British take Bapaume and Chaul- June 12-—Congress passes espionage act. 13- nes ; French Roye and Lassigny. June —General Pershing Arrives in Mar. 17—Briand cabinet resigns. France. Mar. 18—Peronne and Nesle taken. June 13—Root commission reaches Petro- Mar. 19—French take Chauny and Ham. grad. Mar. 24—French before LeFere. June 26-27—First United States contin- Mar. 31—British before Hindenburg line. gent lands in France. Apr. 1 —French take Vauxaillon. June 28-—Brazil revokes neutrality. Apr. 2—American armed steamer Aztec July 1-—Russians begin offensive in Ga- torpedoed, 11 drowned. licia. Apr. 2—President Wilson asks Congress July 2-—Greece declares war. to declare war. July 9-—Mobilization of national guard Apr. 4—Senate passes war resolution. ordered. Apr. 4—Germans defeat Russians on the July 8-•10—Russians win battle of Dolina. Stokhod. July 11-—British reverse on Yser. Apr. 6—President Wilson proclaims war. July 14-21—Congress passes $640,000,- Apr. 7—Cuba declares war. 000 aviation bill. ;

160 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

July 19 —German counter offensive breaks Oct. 18 Battle of German and Russian Russian front in Galicia. fleets in Moon Sound. July 20 —First draft drawing. Oct. 20 —Five Zeppelins destroyed in raid July 22 •Kerensky succeeds Lyoff as pre- on London. mier of Russia. Oct. 22 —Tenth advance at Ypres. July 22—Russian soldiers in Galicia refuse Oct. 23 —French take Fort de Malmaison. 23 obedience and start flight. Oct. 21 —Battle of Caporetta ; Italian July 23—Germans take Tarnapol. front broken. July 23 Council of workmen and soldiers Oct. 25 —French drive Germans across the makes Kerensky dictator. Ailette. July 25—Roumanians take offensive. Oct. 26 —Brazil declares war on Germany. July 31 —Allies begin Fourth battle of Oct. 26 30—Eleventh advance at Ypres. Ypres. Oct. 28 —Gorizia retaken by Austrians Aug. 2 —Brusiloff and Dimitrieff resign. Bainsizza and Carso lost. Aug. 7 —Liberia declares war on Germany. Oct. 30 —Austrians take Udine. Aug. 10 11—Second British advance at Oct. 31 —British take Beersheba, Palestine. Ypres. Nov. 3 First American trench fight on Aug. 14 —Pope makes peace proposal. Rhine-Marne canal. Aug. 14 —China declares war on Germany Nov. 6 —British take Passchendaele. and Austria-Hungary. Nov. 6 British take Gaza. Aug. 15 16—Third advance at Ypres; Nov. 7 —Kerensky overthrown by Bolshe- Langemarck and Hill 70 taken. viki. Aug. 18- 24—Italian offensive on Isonzo; Nov. —Italians defeated on the Taglia- take Bainsizza plateau, Monte mento. Santo and Monte San Gabriele. Nov. 9 General Diaz succeeds Cadorna Aug. 19 20—Fourth advance at Ypres. in command of Italians. Aug. 20 -French take Dead Man's Hill. Nov. 10 —British advance on Passchendaele Aug. 24 —French take Hill 304, Verdun. ridge. Aug. 25 27—Moscow conference. Nov. 10 —British take Askalon. Aug. 28 —President Wilson rejects Pope's Nov. 16 17—Kerensky forces defeated by peace plan. Bolsheviki. Aug. 30 —Company E left Oxford, N. C, Nov. 17—British gain on Passchendaele for Camp Sevier, S. C. ridge. Sept. 3—Germans take Riga. Nov. 18 19—Battle of the Piave; Italians Sept. —Luxburg sink-without-trace dis- hold. patch disclosed. Nov. 18 —British take Jaffa. Sept. 8—Korniloff rebels against Keren- Nov. 19 —Death of General Cyril Maude. sky. Nov. 20 —Battle of Monte Tomba. Sept. 15 -Korniloff surrenders to Alexieff. Nov. 20 —British attack at Cambrai. Sept. 20 —Fifth British advance at Ypres. Nov. 30 Dec. 7—German counter-attack at Sept. 22 Germans take Jacobstadt. Cambrai.

Sept. 26 —Sixth advance at Ypres ; take Dec. —United States declares war on Zonnebeke and Polygon wood. Austria-Hungary.

Oct. 4—Seventh advance at Ypres ; Poel- Dec. 7—Roumania agrees to armistice. capelle taken. Dec. 8-—Trotzky announces suspension of Oct. 9 Eighth advance at Ypres. hostilities. Oct. 12 Ninth advance at Ypres. Dec. 8-—U. S. destroyer Jacob Jones tor- Oct. 13—Germans land on Oesel Island, pedoed. Baltic Sea. Dec. 10—British take Jerusalem. —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 161

Dec. 14—Germans and Bolsheviki sign ar- Mar. 28- —Germans repulsed before Arras. mistice. Mar. 28- -British defeat Turks at Hit, Dec. 19-21—Battle of Monte Asolone. Mesopotamia. Dec. 28—Provisional peace agreement be- Mar. 29- -Foch appointed Allied generalis- tween Bolsheviki and Germans. simo. 1918 Mar.30- -Germans take Grivesnes, Moreuil Jan. 8—President Wilson's speech stating and Demuin. fourteen peace articles. Mar. 31- -Moreuil and Demuin retaken. Jan. 20—Bolsheviki dissolve Constituent Apr. 5 —Japanese land at Vladivostok. Assembly. Apr. 6 7—Germans ad v a n c e from Jan. 20 Breslau sunk in naval battle off Chauny; take Folembray and Dardanelles. Pierremonde. Jan. 24-28—Italian success on Asiago pla- Apr. 9—German drive at Armentieres be- teau. gun. Feb. 6 Tuscania torpedoed Armentieres. ; 212 Ameri- Apr. 11 —Germans take can soldiers lost. Apr. 12 -Haig's back-to-wall order. Feb. 9—Ukraine government signs sepa- Apr. 14 -British and French land on Kola rate peace. Peninsula. Feb. 11—Bolsheviki declare end of the Apr. 16—Germans take Bailleul and Wyt-

war. schaete ; British retire from Pas- Feb. 16—Sir Henry Hughes Wilson suc- schendaele. ceeds Sir William Robertson as Apr. 17 —French reinforce British on the British chief of staff. Lys. Feb 17—Germans announce end of armis- Apr. 20 —Americans repulse German raid tice with Bolsheviki. at Seicheprey. Feb. 18—Germans advance across the Apr. 23 —British naval raid on Zeebrugge Dvina. and Ostend. Feb 19—Germans take Dvinsk and Lutsk. Apr. 25 26—Germans take Mont Kemmel. Feb. 20—Germans enter Esthonia. Apr. 26—Americans in line on Picardy Feb. 22—British take Jericho. front. Feb. 23—New German terms to Bolsheviki. Apr. 27-28—Battle at Locre and Voorme- Feb. 25 —Germans take Reval and Pskov. zeele ; British again withdraw Feb. 27—Hospital ship Glenart Castle before Ypres. torpedoed; 164 lost. Apr. 29—General German attack on Lys Mar. 1—Austrian armies enter Ukraine. sector repulsed. Mar. 3 —Bolsheviki agree to the German May 10-—Second British naval raid on Os- terms. tend. Mar. 7—Peace treaty with Roumania. May 12-—Company E, 120th Infantry, Mar. 10—Germans land in Finland. sailed for Liverpool, England. 13 Mar. —Austrians take Odessa. May 16- -Italian naval raid on Pola sinks Mar. 21—German drive on Cambrai-Saint battleship. Quentin front begins. May 27- -Germans take Chemin des Mar. 23—Germans first shell Paris with Dames. 76-mile gun. May 28- -Germans advance to the Vesle. Mar. 24—Germans take Ham and Chauny. May 28- -First American offensive ; take Mar. 25—Germans take Bapaume. Cantigny. Mar. 26 —Germans take Noyon and Roye. May 29- Germans take Soissons. Mar. 27—Germans take Albert. May 30- Germans cross the Ourcq. Mar. 28 —Germans take Montdidier. May 31- Germans reach the Marne. —

162 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

May 31 President Lincoln sunk; 26 lost. Aug. 14—French take Bibecourt. May 31—German counter-attacks on Can- Aug. 14—American troops land at Vladi- tigny repulsed by Americans. vostok. June 2—Germans take Chateau Thierry. Aug. 14—British reach Baku. June 2—American marines reach front at Aug. 19—French begin drive south of the Chateau Thierry. Oise. June 3—Submarine off American coast Aug. 21—French take Lassigny. sinks Carolina and other ships. Aug. 21—British attack Albert to Arras. June 6-7-10-11—American marines take Aug. 21—Germans driven across Oise. Belleau Wood. Aug. 22—British take Albert. June 9—German drive, Montdidier to Aug. 22—Bolsheviki declare war exists Noyon. with United States. June 15-23—Austrian drive on Piave. Aug. 24—British take Bray and Thiepval June 25—Austrians driven across Piave. Aug. 24—Austrians retake Berat. June 26—Americans take Belleau ridge. Aug. 27—French take Roye and Nesle. June 30—Italians take Monte de Valbella Aug. 28—Chaulnes retaken. and Monte del Rosso. Aug. 28-29—Americans attack Juvigny. July 1 —Hospital ship Llandovery Cos- Aug. 29—Noyon retaken. tie sunk; 234 lost. Aug. 29—British recross the Somme. July 1 —Americans take Vaux. Aug. 29—Americans lose Fismette and Ba- July 4—Czecho-Slovaks take Vladivostok zoches. July 6—Italians clear Piave delta. Aug. 30—British take Combles. July 7—German ambassador at Moscow Aug. 30—British retake Bailleul. assassinated. Aug. 31—British retake Mont Kemmel. July 7-12—Italians advance in Albania. Aug. 31-Sept. 2—Japanese defeat Bolshe- July 15—Germans begin Marne-Cham- viki on Ussuri River. pagne drive. Sept. 1 —British take Peronne. July 18—Allied counter-attack on Aisne Sept. 2—British bi-eak Drocourt-Queant and Marne. line. July 19—Cruiser San Diego sunk off Long Sept. 5—French recover Aisne-Ailette line. Island. Sept. 6—Germans retreat to Hindenburg July 20—Germans recross the Marne. line. July 21—Chateau Thierry recaptured. Sept. 7—French take Fort de Conde. July 27—Germans retire to the Ourcq. Sept. 12—Americans take St. Mihiel sal- July 28—Allies take Fers-en-Tardenois. ient. July 29-30—Battle of Sergy. Sept. 14—Drive on Macedonian front be- Aug 2—French take Soissons. gun. Aug. 3—Germans retire across the Vesle. Sept. 16—Frenc htake Vailly. Aug. 4—Americans take Fismes. Sept. 18—British attack Cambrai-St. Quen- Aug. 5—Allies land at Archangel. tin front. Aug. 6—Foch made marshal. Sept. 20—Turks defeated north of Jerusa- Aug. 7—Allies cross Vesle. lem. Aug. 8—Allied drive on Amiens front be- Sept. 22—British take Nazareth. gun. Sept. 23—Serbians reach the Vardar. Aug. 9—Americans take Fismette. Sept. 24—British take Haifa and Acre. Aug. 10—Montdidier retaken. Sept. 26—American campaign on the Meuse Aug. 11—Nine fishing boats sunk off Mas- begun. sachusetts coast. Sept. 26—French drive in Champagne. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 163

Sept. 27—Bulgarians ask for armistice. Oct. 22—British reach the Scheldt. Sept. 27—British attack Hindenburg line. Oct. 23—President Wilson's reply to Ger- Sept. 29—Battle of Bellicourt, 30th Divi- many. sion smashes Hindenburg Line. Oct. 23—Americans take Brieulles, Hills Sept. 29—French take Fort de Malmaison. 297, 299 and 281.

Sept. 29—Belgians begin drive ; take Hou- Oct. 25—Italians begin offensive on the thoulst forest. Piave.

Sept. 30—Bulgaria surrenders. Oct. 27—German note ; await Allies' terms Sept. 30—Messines ridge retaken. Oct. 27—Ludendorff resigns. Sept. 30—Turks surrender west of Jordan. Oct. 27—Italians cross the Piave. Oct. 1 —British take Damascus. Oct. 27—British take Aleppo. Oco. 2— St. Quentin taken. Oct. 28—Austria sends note to President Oct. 3—British go through Hindenburg Wilson accepting terms and ask- line north of St. Quentin. ing armistice. Oct. 3—French take Challerange. Oct. 30—Italians take Victoria. Oct. 3—Le Catelet taken. Oct, 30—British defeat Turks on the Oct. 3—Lens and Armentieres retaken. Tigris. Oct. 4—Naval attack on Durazzo. Oct. 31—Turkey surrenders. Oct. 6-19—American advance on the Oct. 31—Austria sends commissioners to Meuse. Diaz. Oct. 5—King Ferdinand of Bulgaria ab- Nov 1 —Americans again attack on the dicates. Meuse. Oct. 6—Germany asks peace on President Nov 3—Italians occupy Trent, Rovereto Wilson's terms. and Trieste. Oct. 7—Germans retreat north of Reims. Nov. 3—Austria surrenders. Oct. 7—Battle of St. Souplet. Nov, 3—British take Valenciennes. Oct. 8—Cambrai-St. Quentin front smash- Nov, 3—Serbians take Belgrade. ed. Nov, 3—Count Tisza assassinated. Oct. 10—Le Cateau taken. Nov, 4—Allied war council agrees on ar- Oct. 12—Germany again offers to accept mistice terms. President Wilson's terms. Nov. 4—British success on Valenciennes Oct. 12—French take Craonne and Vou- sector. ziers. Nov. 4—Italians take Scutari. Oct. 13—Serbians take Nish. Nov. 4—Americans cross the Meuse and Oct. 14—Roulers taken. take Dun. Oct. 15—Menin and Thorout taken. Nov. 7—Rebellion in German navy. Oct. 15—Americans break Kreimhilde line. Nov. 7—Americans reach Sedan. Oct. 15—Americans take Grand Pre. Nov. 9—Kaiser abdicates. Oct. 17—Ostend, Courtrai and Lille re- Nov. 9—British take Tournai and Mau- taken. beuge. Oct. 18—Bruges, Zeebrugge and Thielt Nov. 11—British take Mons. taken. Nov. 11, 11 A. M.—ARMISTICE. Oct. 18—Turcoing, Roubaix and Dounai Nov. 12—Republic proclaimed in Berlin. taken. Nov. 19—French enter Metz. Oct. 21—Americans take Hill 299 and Nov. 21—German fleet surrenders. Bois de Rappa. 164 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

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GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 165

Granville County Chapter, American Red Cross

Up to the time that it became certain Attorney; W. H. Hunt, President First that the United States of America must en- National Bank; W. T. Yancey, Cashier Na- ter the World War there were so far as tional Bank of Granville; Benjamin K. known but two members of the American Hays, M. D., Secretary Medical Society of Red Cross in Granville County, viz: Mrs. North Carolina and Granville County Mary R. Delacroix, who joined in 1915, Health Officer; A. W. Graham, U. S. Cotton and Mrs. W. B. Ballou, who joined in 1916. Futures Attorney; B. K. Lassiter, Postmas- Chiefly through the efforts of Mrs. R. C. ter and Lawyer; S. K. Phillips, Pastor of

M. Calvert, a daughter of Gen. George W. Presbyterian Church ; B. W. Parham,

Davis, for many years Chairman of Cen- President Commercial Club ; A. H. Powell, tral Committee, A. R. C, Washington, D. President Granville Real Estate & Trust C, interest was aroused. At a meeting of Co.; Mrs. C. G. Elliott, Leader King's women held April 11, 1917, over which Daughters ; Mrs. John Webb, President Mrs. John Webb, President of the Woman's Woman's Club; Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert,

Club, presided, there were 37 ladies pres- Daughter of Gen. George W. Davis ; Mrs. ent, it was decided to effect a temporary H. G. Cooper, Wife of Vice-President of organization. Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert was National Bank of Granville. appointed Chairman ; Mrs.. N. H. Cannady, During the latter part of May our com- Secretary; Mrs. Mary R. Delacroix, Treas- munity was most favored by having in its urer. midst Major General George W. Davis, On April 24, 1917, a patriotic meeting for eight years Chairman Central Commit- was held in the Court House at the call of tee, A. R. C, at Washington, D. C. At the our Mayor, Mr. W. Z. Mitchell. While not home of his daughter, Mrs. Calvert, tem- specifically for the Red Cross the work of porary Chairman, a conference was held, at this organization was explained clearly which time General Davis gave great help and concisely by Mr. A. H. Powell. Many and inspiration to those anxious to form a members were enrolled at that time. local chapter of the A. R. C. A few days A recruiting station was opened in Mr. later General Davis consented to give a Powell's office and about 300 members en- public talk on the history, aims and meth- rolled during the week it was open. ods of Red Cross work, which was a reve- A committee consisting of Mrs. Calvert, lation to his fortunate hearers. He spoke Mrs. Delacroix, Mrs. Webb, Mrs. R. G. with vigor and enthusiasm, outlining past Lassiter, Mrs. A. H. Powell, Mrs. H. G. activities and forecasting the wonderful Cooper and Mrs. Lewis Thorpe visited the opportunities for service opening before Raleigh, N. C, Chapter early in May to the A. R. C, which prophecy we have seen learn methods of work. more than fulfilled. On May 14, 1917, the temporary organi- A letter authorizing the committee that zation was perfected and a committee nam- sent application for a charter to proceed ed to ask for a charter authorizing the for- with the organization was received from mation of the Granville County Chapter Dr. Guy F. Snavely, Director Southern Di- with headquarters at Oxford, the county vision, on June 11, 1917, and on June 19, seat. 1917, a permanent organization was per- This application was sent May 15, 1917, fected in a mass meeting held in the Court and was signed by the following represen- House in Oxford, Rev. S. K. Phillips pre- tative citizens siding. W. Z. Mitchell, Mayor and Tobacconist; The Nominating Committee, of which Gen. B. S. Royster, Adjutant General and Dr. B. K. Hays was Chairman, presented

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 167

A. H. POWELL President Granville Real Estate & Trust Co. Oxford, N. C. Chairman of Granville County Chapter, A. R. C.

R. J. P. HARRIS JOHN HALL Banker Insurance and Real Estate Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Treasurer of Granville County Chapter, Treasurer of Granville County Chapter, A. R. C, and Chairman of War Savings A. R. C. Stamps Campaign. 168 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR the following names of officers and mem- Southern Railway, Treasurer of Woman's bers of the Executive Board : Club. A. H. Powell, Chairman. Mr. Powell is Mr. John Webb, buyer British-American President of the Granville Real Estate & Tobacco Company, Chairman School Board. Trust Company, Director of the First Na- Mr. Guy B. Phillips, Superintendent of tional Bank and Director of Oxford Water Schools of Oxford. Company. An earnest, thoughtful man, Mr. B. K. Lassiter, member R. G. Las- whose heart is in every endeavor that is siter Construction Co., Postmaster and for the public good. He has given time, Lawyer. thought, means and personal sacrifice to Rev. G. T. Tunstall was added to Execu- further the work of the Chapter. tive Board in the winter of 1918, pastor of

Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert, Vice-Chairman. a group of four churches in the county ; he Her work and standing has been mention- went overseas September, 1918, as Y. M. ed in the foregoing sketch of formation of C. A. worker. Andrew Jamieson, President chapter. She served until fall of 1917, Tobacco Board of Trade, chosen to fill that when she moved from Oxford. She was vacancy. succeeded by Mrs. L. M. Roberts, who has These officers and members of the Exe- given devoted service. cutive Board were unanimously elected. At this time Miss Esther Mitchell was Committees chosen 2nd Vice-Chairman. From Octo- Publicity and Information. Rev. S. K. ber, 1918, to February, 1919, she served in — Phillips, Chairman. Mr. Phillips was able Nurses Training Corps at Camp Jackson, to serve but a few weeks as he was called S. C, but no successor was appointed. to Greenville, N. C, in the fall of 1917 and A. W. Graham, Jr., Secretary. A rising Miss Bennette H. Gregory was elected young lawyer, grandson of Governor Gra- Chairman of this committee. She served ham of North Carolina. When called into until appointed Chairman of United the service of his country he was succeed- War Work Fund in fall of 1918. Miss Gregory ed May, 1918, by Mrs. Mary R. Delacroix. was succeeded Mrs. N. H. Cannady, Assistant Secretary. by Miss Martha Parker Brinkley, our present Publicity Chairman. Wife of a prominent manufacturer and ac- tive member of Woman's Club, being Sec- MEMBERSHIP retary of that organization. Mrs. C. R. E. Brown, Chairman. Serv- J. P. Harris, Treasurer. Cashier of the ed from time of organization. Organized Union Bank and Trust Co. He served un- enrollment bureau and was untiring in til summer of 1918, when Mr. John R. every membership campaign. Member- Hall, President and owner of the J. R. ship reported October, 1918, 2,228. Roller Insurance Co., and Treasurer of The Christmas Roll Call for 1918 was Granville county at present time, was cho- most successfully carried out under the en- sen as Treasurer of the A. R. C, Mr. Har- thusiastic leadership of Mr. James W. Hor- ris continuing as Treasurer of the War ner, President Union Bank & Trust Co., Fund. President Anchor Stores. He was most Mrs. C. R. E. Brown. Prominent in ably assisted by Miss Hixie White who was Health Department Woman's Club, has ta- unsparing in her efforts. Number of mem- ken leadership of Woman's Committee in bers enrolled, 2,800. Third and Fourth Liberty Loan campaigns. Mrs. R. L. Brown, wife of Superinten- EXTENSION dent Masonic Orphanage at Oxford, Chair- Mrs. John Webb. Chairman. A leader man Civic Department Woman's Club. of all activities for social service and Pres- Mrs. J. C. Robards, wife of an auditor of ident of Woman's Club. Many visitations GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 169

DENNIS G. BRUMMITT Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. W. H. HUNT Chairman of first Red Cross Campaign. Banker Four-Minute Speaker. Member of Legal Oxford, N. C. Advisory Board. Vice-Chairman and Di- Chairman of Second Red Cross War rector of Publicity in First, Second, Third and Fourth Liberty Loan Campaigns, Fund Drive.

JAMES W. HORNER J. ROBERT WOOD Merchant Merchant Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Chairman of Second Christmas Roll Call Chairman of Civilian Relief Committee, Red Cross Drive. American Red Cross. : —

170 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

were made by this committee to different Williford School, May, 1918—Mrs. A. communities. Rev. Mr. Tunstall rendered Williford, Chairman; Miss Ophelia Willi- valuable assistance in organizing auxilia- ford, Secretary. ries throughout the county. Knott's Grove, May, 1918—John Knott,

Auxiliaries were organized in the follow- Chairman ; Miss Nannie Knott, Secretary. ing order Corinth, June, 1918—C. R. Gordon,

Enon. July, 1917—Mrs. T. G. Currin, Chairman ; Mrs. J. W. Brummitt, Secre-

Chairman ; Charles Knott, Treasurer. tary. Creedmoor, September, 1917—Mrs. C. Mountain Creek, June, 1918—Mrs. L.

W. York, Chairman ; Mrs. S. H. Rogers, T. Elliott, Chairman; D. 0. Parham, Sec-

Secretary ; N. J. Boddie, Treasurer. retary. Colored Auxiliary, September, 1917 Amis Chapel, July, 1918—Mrs. W. L.

William Ridley, Chairman ; B. R. Smith, Clark, Chairman ; Miss Florence Frazier,

Secretary ; G. C. Shaw, Treasurer. Secretary. Stovall, November, 1917—W. L. Taylor, Tabb's Creek, July, 1918—Mrs. J. L.

Chairman ; F. H. Gregory, Secretary- Pittard, Chairman. Treasurer. The auxiliaries, organized early, render- Providence, February, 1918—Mrs. W. R. ed valuable assistance in making supplies

Kimball, Chairman ; Mrs. W. L. Currin, for the work-room. Some were organized Treasurer; John Terry, Secretary. so late in 1918 they were unable to do much Oxford College, February, 1918—Bessie in that line, but everybody in the county

Holding, Chairman ; Naomi Davis, Secre- was generous in gifts of money, refugee tary-Treasurer. garments and donations of tobacco. Stem, March, 1918—Miss Marie Starke FINANCE Chairman ; Miss Hallie Jones, Secretary- Treasurer. W. H. Hunt, Chairman. President of Hester Church, March, 1918—Miss Julia First National Bank. Mr. Hunt has held this office since organization of chapter. Currin, Chairman ; Miss Tazzie Dean. Treasurer; E. C. Dean, Secretary. Under this department the War Fund Bullock, April, 1918—Mrs. J. D. Pittard, drives were made.

Chairman ; Mrs. Horace Hicks, Secretary- First Fund.—D. G. Brummitt, Chair- Treasurer. man. A prominent lawyer and speaker of Wilton, May, 1918—Mrs. T. C. Rogers, House of Representatives of North Caro-

Chairman ; Miss Elizabeth Morris, Secre- lina. Campaign was opened by a public tary-Treasurer. gathering at which A. A. Hicks, Attorney Northside, May, 1918—Miss Fannie Roy- of the Board of Commissioners, presided. croft, Chairman ; Mrs. W. H. Fleming, Sec- James H. Pou, of Raleigh, was the speaker retary-Treasurer. of the evening and made a stirring appeal. Grassy Creek, May, 1918—Mrs. Sallie Goodly contributions were pledged toward

Pittard, Chairman ; Miss Maude Sizemore, our allotment of $10,000. Faithful work Secretary-Treasurer. was done by the efficient committees under Knapp of Reeds, May, 1918—Mrs. J. Mr. Brummitt's leadership, but the people

Ralph Weaver, Chairman ; J. Ralph Weav- had not yet awakened to the fact that we er, Secretary-Treasurer. Succeeded Sep- were in the war and must give without tember, 1918, by Mrs. E. J. Nance. stint. At this time no auxiliaries in the West Oxford, May, 1918—D. F. Lanier, county had been formed and few realized

Chairman ; A. W. Farris, Secretary-Treas- there was such an organization as the A. urer. R. C. Amount subscribed, $3,359.72. :

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 171

Second Fund.—W. H. Hunt, Chairman. manner by Miss Grace Jean Sails. Some Miss Bennette H. Gregory, Secretary. young girls gave the Winning of Princess Our chapter was alloted $3,000.00 for this Winsome, entirely arranged, costumed and Campaign. The Executive Board felt that given by girls under fourteen. Suppers, in view of the work done in the past six plays, church entertainments of various months the Southern Division had hardly kinds, were given in the county, which estimated our growing interest and ability brought in goodly sums for the cause. fairly and were put on their metal to do A rummage sale was also held which their best. Public gatherings were held brought in several hundred dollars. in every community and a house-to-house DIRECTORS OF WORK AND BUYING canvass made. Our county boys were, some

Mrs. Mary R. Delacroix, Chairman ; Mrs. overseas, some in camps, and our people John W. Gooch, Vice-Chairman. This com- were ready and generous in their gifts, so mittee was hampered in securing quarters that $14,629.35 was pledged, almost five

in which to work until July, 1917 , our times our allotment, and all but a trifle was rent was given us for three months by the paid in. Jewelry Co. in a large, TOBACCO SALES Oxford commodious corner store. We opened two mornings in In the fall of 1917, a most energetic and every week, during the summer, making enthusiastic committee under the leader- cotton bandages, hospital supplies and gar- ship of Mrs. J. C. Robards, assisted by the ments. other ladies, were present at all tobacco October, 1917, we were obliged to move sales as long as it was deemed best to so- and were given the use of the library room licit contributions. The response was gen- by the Woman's Club. We kept this open erous, tobacco was freely given and with four clays every week. We soon outgrew hearty good-will. This netted the chapter this room and were able to secure, Janu- $1,586.10. ary, 1918, another large corner store and For the season of 1918 our plans were for several months kept our room open ev- made with the assistance of the Tobacco ery day except Saturday afternoon, which Board of Trade, Andrew Jamieson, Presi- shows for itself there was no lack of faith- dent, and Mrs. S. M. Watkins, wife of a ful workers. This room was also given us prominent tobacconist, Chairman of the A. rent free by the National Bank of Gran- R. C. Committee. The willingness and al- ville. most eagerness to give without solicitation In the spring of 1918 we made our final even was apparent. We wish to express move to another vacant store, given us rent our heartfelt thanks to all the farmers for free by R. C. M. Calvert, later a captain in their generous co-operation. The amount the Engineer Corps in France. During raised in 1918 was $3,115.43. all this time our output of work was excel- WAYS AND MEANS lent and interest good.

Mrs. A. H. Powell, Chairman ; also In November, 1917, Mrs. Delacroix as- County Chairman of Woman's Committee suming other duties, Mrs. John Gooch was National Council of Defense and founder made Chairman of work and her efforts and first President of the Woman's Club of were unceasing and untiring. The success Oxford. This committee organized and of this department was due chiefly to her devised methods of raising funds. Under faithfulness. In November, 1918, she re- its auspices several entertainments were signed and Mrs. Roberts, Vice-Chairman, given, notably Cantata of Esther, under has acted since that time. leadership of Rev. . S. K. Phillips. The Report of output of garments as follows Witching Hour, rendered in most artistic 1,304 hospital garments. : :

172 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

3,190 muslin bandages. ored soldiers : 355 in all at a cost of $503.- 647 refugee garments. Already shipped. 03. An average of $1.43 per kit. 300 refugee garments. Ready to ship. The 155 for colored soldiers were made Under work-room activities, until reor- and furnished and paid for by members ganization plans submitted by Atlanta, a of the colored auxiliary, the materials be- committee for knitted articles was appoint- ing purchased through the committee of

; Mrs. A. the local chapter. ed : Mrs. C. G. Elliott, Chairman A. Chapman, Vice-Chairman. These ladies We have filled two allotments for foreign have served from the beginning of this relief garments, aggregating 647 garments, branch of work and the output has been as reported under work-room activities. excellent. In January, February, March Several quilts made of pieces have also and April of 1918, we made a shipment been forwarded. The work of this depart- nearly every week. In the absence of Mrs. ment has been prodigious. Mrs. Chapman, Elliott, Mrs. Chapman raised a fund of as Chairman, inspired every one with the $544.12 for purchase of wool. She was spirit of service. untiring and indefatigable in her efforts to SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR LINEN FOR HOS- arouse interest. PITALS been Output knitted articles to date has Mrs. T. G. Currin, Chairman. The 434 sweaters. county was canvassed, every auxiliary re- 181 mufflers. sponding liberally and we more than filled 230 helmets. our allotment ; shipping 63 pair wristlets. 177 sheets. 734 pair socks. 682 handkerchiefs. 6 robes. 665 face towels. 50 pair socks were sent to sufferers in 495 bath towels. France because of imperfections. 84 napkins. GENERAL SUPPLIES One hundred and fifty-three Christmas packages were sent in 1917, to be forward- Mrs. A. A. Chapman, Chairman. This ed to the camps at home and overseas. This department was organized when a syste- work was under the supervision of Miss matic plan for all chapters was formed in Fannie Robertson, teacher in High School, May, 1918. Its greatest work has been with assistance of other teachers and pu- the making of comfort kits. When the lo- pils. cal company of National Guard, the Gran- The oversight of the Christmas packages ville Grays, left for camp August 30, for 1918 was efficiently directed by Miss 1917, about 50 men, they were each fur- Isabelle Parham. nished a kit, which was donated by indi- PACKING COMMITTEE vidual members of the local Red Cross, also lunches sufficient for three meals. Mrs. R. L. Brown was chosen to direct Eight comfort kits were sent to Atlanta the packing, and with the faithful assis- February 2, 1918, at a cost of $17.00. Since tance of Mrs. Graham Hunt, Miss Lelia then we have sent Routon, Mrs. Blalock and Mrs. W. J. Long, 6 layettes. has packed all shipments of garments, knit- 6 comfort pillows. ted articles'' and refugee garments made 156 property bags. under work-room direction. One large box pieces old linen for hos CONSERVATION COMMITTEE pitals. During 1918 we have furnished 199 Mrs. A. L. Glasgow, Chairman; Mrs. W.

comfort kits to white soldiers ; 155 to col- D. Bryan, Vice-Chairman. One of the GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 173 hardest undertakings of this committee ment was 36. Many helped at various was the mending of 500 pairs of gloves. times who were not regularly enrolled. Nut-shells and pits were collected and The work was interrupted by the influenza many pounds shipped; tin-foil also collected, epidemic, during which many masks were some 80 pounds sold. made. The signing of the armistice ended Mrs. E. T. White, Mrs. C. R. E. Brown the necessity for this service. and Miss Esther Mitchell were the first FIRST AID committee for collection of clothing to ship Dr. Benjamin K. Hays, Chairman ; also to nearly 600 overseas, which amounted a member of the Exemption Board and la- pounds. ter in the service at Oteen, N. C. Dr. Dan- third collection of cloth- The second and iel appointed in his place. Later under the ing for war sufferers was under the charge leadership of Mrs. Pritchard, Chairman oi of Mrs. Glasgow and Mrs. Bryan with the the Educational Committee, there were sec- assistance of Mrs. Easton. For the three classes held in March, 1918, instruct- ond we were alloted 4,000 pounds for the ed by Mrs. Gordon Wheeler, of Atlanta, Ga. shipped. chapter, about 5,000 were Much About 30 members attended and much in- new material, many fine suits, both ladies' terest was shown. Mrs. C. R. E. Brown of sent. third col- and gentlemen's were The the Nursing Committee assisted in orga- to 500 pounds. lection amounted nizing these classes, and during the influ- SURGICAL DRESSINGS enza secured many volunteers to assist in nursing sick children at the Masonic Mrs. J. C. Robards, Chairman. A most Or- earnest leader. During part of 1918 Miss phanage. These ladies and gentlemen gave Mary Webb was leader of this committee, valiant service for many weeks. and rendered faithful service. HOME SERVICE

There were 18 members in the class J. Robert Wood, Chairman ; Miss Belle which took the surgical dressings course, Cooper, Secretary; Miss Edna White, Treas- given by Mrs. J. K. Harris, of Durham, N. urer. The Home Service Department had C, and who received the red cross to wear absolutely no work to do until April, 1918. on their blue caps after completing 15 At that time we made an effort to And if hours' work. During seven months' work any of the soldiers' families were in need. about 7,000 dressings were made ; average When once they understood the American number of workers at meetings, 18 ; enroll- Red Cross was looking out for them, the

SURGICAL DRESSIN'G CLASS 174 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

number increased rapidly from three in private homes, a courtesy greatly appreci- April, 1918, to more than 200 in September, ated by the soldiers. As no definite infor- 1918. The total number dealt with to No- mation was ever furnished us that troops

vember 1, 1918, about 500, most of them would pass through we were unable at all seeking information and sympathy. We times to take them into our homes, but no have financially aided ten families to the soldiers ever passed through that the Can- amount of $90.00. Immediately after the teen Committee did not stop them and of- signing of the armistice demands on the fer entertainment and refreshments. Home Service Department decreased per- Sometimes it was sandwiches and lem- ceptibly, but by midwinter many unexpect- onade, sometimes cigars, cigarettes and ed and intricate cases developed, caused by fruit. At other times lodging and meals the returning and discharged soldiers. Un- were arranged for them at the hotel, and til then this work had been done by patri- whenever they remained for the evening otic men and women for the love of our tickets to the motion picture show, a dance country and our boys. Then the Home or an automobile ride was given them.

Service Department found it necessary to Stamped post-cards were often given them have a trained worker. Atlanta kindly let and the intelligence officer offered to see us have Mrs. Ben. W. Van Riper for six that the messages written to family or weeks who did thorough work here. Since friends were promptly posted. her departure Miss Edna White, Treasurer, During the influenza epidemic the mem- and Miss Belle Cooper, Secretary, have suc- bers of the Canteen Committee did not ceeded her and are continuing the work in spare themselves any service, but gave of an efficient way. their time and strength, nursing the sick,

From November 1, 1918, to May 1, 1919, serving in soup kitchens, driving motor there have been about 800 cases of every cars and distributing flowers and food. For description scattered even to remote sec- three weeks this committee, and many oth- tions of the county. The negroes far ex- ers, members of the A. R. C, did all the ceed the white people in needing informa- work of the diet kitchen at the Masonic Or- tion and help. phanage where there were, at times, 300 sick ones to be supplied with meals. This CANTEEN AND CAMP ACTIVITIES work was under the direction of Mrs. A. Mrs. A. H. Powell, Commandant; Mrs. L. Capehart, County Demonstrator Home S H. Cannady, Vice-Commandant; Miss Economics. The boys of the Junior Aux-

Mary Webb, Intelligence Officer ; Mrs. J. C. iliary gave valiant service in carrying the

Howard, Captain Team 1 ; Mrs. T. L. Booth, food to the nine cottages where sick ones Captain Team 2; Mrs. W. B. Ballou, Cap- were located. tain Team 3; Mrs. H. G. Cooper, Captain This committee served the luncheons to Team 4. The Canteen Committee of the the men and women who worked in the Granville County Chapter was appointed Liberty Loan Drive and for the Red Cross the second season of the chapter's activi- Christmas Roll Call Drive. The chapter ties, for until then there was no opportu- contributed $100.00 to the Raleigh Can-

nity for service ; owing to the fact that Ox- teen. At the opening meeting of the Red ford is not on any main trunk line the com- Cross Conference in the fall of 1918 the mittee's opportunity for service was limit- Canteen Committee presented a beautiful ed to soldiers who were visiting our town tableau, representing every activity of the or were passing through in small squads by local chapter. way of automobiles and army trucks. In Two large shipments of books were sent these cases frequently we have had invi- to the soldiers in camps. The scope of the tations extended to them to dine or break- service rendered by the Canteen and Camp fast, in some cases to spend the night in Activities Committees was unlimited and GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 175 no opportunity was lost to cheer and com- tainment in the form of a pageant which fort the men in khaki. netted $50.00 for the cause. The work of the Junior Red Cross has THE JUNIOR RED CROSS been successful. Eight war orphans were Guy B. Phillips, Chairman. When the cared for by eight grades for one year. call for an organization on the part of the SUMMARY OF OUTPUT school children of America to assist in Gcuments, Comforts, Kits, Knitted Arti- winning the war came, enthusiasm for cles, etc. such work was high. In response to this 1.314 hospital garments. call Oxford was the first school of the 647 refugee garments. county to organize a Junior Red Cross. 434 sweaters. When the report of this step was made to 181 mufflers. Atlanta Headquarters, it was found to be 230 helmets. the second organization in the State of 63 pair wristlets. North Carolina and the third in the entire 821 socks. Southern Division of five states. With such 6 robes. a beginning the pupils assumed an allot- 3,190 muslin bandages. ment of refugee garments that was met. 7,123 pads, various kinds. At other times they were called upon to 2,275 wipes. render service in local matters, collecting 600 compresses. nuts, tinfoil, etc. One valuable service they 467 comfort kits. rendered was assisting in delivering meals 152 Christmas packages. to the sick during the influenza epidemic. 6 layettes. The Culbreth school was the next county 797 refugee garments. organization to be reported. The pupils 177 sheets. of this school were at all times in line for 682 handkerchiefs. service of whatever nature demanded. 665 face towels. During the fall of 1918 plans were made 495 bath towels. for a determined drive for an organization 84 napkins. in every county school. Just as this was 80 pounds tinfoil. inaugurated the influenza epidemic devel- 500 pair gloves mended. oped and as a result all such work was Large box old linen. stopped. After this great calamity had 6,100 pounds second-hand clothing in three passed there was no hope of doing anything shipments. of this nature. that time all At schools RECEIPTS were making supreme efforts to gain lost Annual memberships, including auxil- time and were loath to take on extra acti- iaries $ 5,051 00 vities. In spite of all this difficulty the Two life members 50 00 schools at Providence, Enon. Crews, Grove Magazine members 120 00 Hill and Hester did organize. These made Miscellaneous income 1,206 54 Wool fund 545 12 a total of seven organizations with a mem- Tobacco fund 4,701 53 bership of 895. The total funds on hand Donations 2,125 35 at present amount to $133.31. The Junior Twenty-five per cent, first and second Red Cross contributed to the War Fund Red Cross war funds 3,218 41 Drive $180.87. Home relief Public Health Department 97 25 The Juniors of the Graded School, under Home Service Repayments 70 00 the leadership of Miss May White and Miss Lillian Minor, staged a patriotic enter- Total $17,185 20 176 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

DISBURSEMENTS pageant representing the different activi-

Fifty per cent, of membership paid to ties of the American Red Cross was staged, Division Headquarters $ 2,609 75 during which Mrs. John B. Booth's music Rent, light, heat, etc. 417 29 class of the Graded School sang patriotic Military relief for supplies 5,154 23 songs. Public Health Department 1,858 52 From this incomplete report it will be Home Service Department 624 26 Canteen service 182 29 readily seen that it was impossible to give Transportation of supplies 70 97 the names of all who worked faithfully expenses 154 98 Miscellaneous and untiringly ; therefore, only the officers Home relief funds $ 1,556 77 and chairmen of committees are mention- Chapter general and military ed by name. The officers of Granville relief funds 4,556 14 Balance on hand and in bank County Chapter wish to here express their May 31, 1919 6,112 91 appreciation of the loyal support given un- der all circumstances and the generous re- Total $17,185 20 sponse in gifts of time, labor and money to LECTURES all calls. Our chapter has been fortunate in its We wish to thank especially the Oxford public gatherings in having large atten- Jewelry Co., The Woman's Club, the Na- dance manifesting much enthusiasm. tional Bank of Granville, J. G. Hall Co., We have had with us William A. Ellis of Mrs. R. C. M. Calvert, Mrs. Ella R. Allen the Southern Division, an enthusiast in the and Mrs. C. R. E. Brown for rooms fur- work. He was of material help to us in our nished us free of charge, and the Public early days of organization. Ledger for generous use of space. James H. Pou came in the interest of the We also wish to thank J. Robert Wood First War Fund Drive. Rev. Isaac Hughes, and Mrs. Brown for furniture and rugs Rev. F. H. T. Horsfield, and Mrs. Fuller, loaned us, Messrs. Upchurch & Currin and from Southern Headquarters, have also the Acme Hardware Co. for stoves, the made interesting talks. Captain Hutchin- agents of the Singer and White Sewing son, of England, came in the interest of the Machine Companies for machines loaned us Second War Fund Drive and presented the free of charge, J. Robert Wood for hauling sufferings of the nations at war in a most all shipments of freight, etc., without graphic manner, which brought a hearty charge. Our only outlay for office equip- response and generous offerings to the ment until March 1, 1919; was for one filing cause. cabinet, stationery and letter files. We feel On September 26 and 27, 1918, we held our record in this matter of expenditure is a county conference at which nearly all our exceptional. auxiliaries were represented and reports The success of the Granville County given by them evidencing interest and loy- Chapter was due to the never failing and alty. We were most fortunate in having ever generous citizenship of Granville Willis J. Millner, Jr., with us for this con- County, which supported joyously every ference. He said it was unique in that it need or call of the Red Cross. No better was the first county chapter conference in people can be found in the world and the the Southern Division. Miss Thompson, al- women and men who have served in official so sent by Southern Headquarters, gave a capacities of the chapter accept this oppor- most inspiring talk on Home Service, re- tunity to incorporate in this short history lating many pathetic and some amusing their grateful appreciation to each man, features of the work. F. M. Darnell, also woman or child who co-operated with the of Atlanta, Director of Junior Work, made Red Cross. an interesting talk on that department. A April, 1919. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 177

READY FOR DUTY

Mrs. J. C. Robards Mrs. S. H. Pritchard Mrs. Graham Roberts Miss Mary Webb Mrs. A. A. Chapman Miss Esther Mitchell 178 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 179

HARRIET LELIA ARRIXGTON Providence, X. C.

Harriet Lelia Arrington was born March 28, 1888, in Granville County. On January 10, 1910, she went in training at St. Vincent's Hospital, Norfolk, Va., from which institution she graduat- ed on March 21, 1913. After a few months of private nursing, she accepted a position as Super- intendent of Nurses at the Sarah Elizabeth Hos- pital, Henderson, N. C. After serving one year at this hospital, she resigned to accept a position as Superintendent of the operating room at the Mercy Hospital, Durham, N. C. She later re- signed and did private nursing in Durham. On March 15, 1918, she went in training at Camp Mc-

Clellan, Anniston, Ala. On July 7, 1918, she sailed for France. She was overseas seven months and returned to this country March 25, 1919.

ALICE BERTHA CASEY Oxford, N. C. Alice Bertha Casey was born at Stonewall, N. C, March 2, 1897. She entered the Oxford Or-

phanage in 1909 and on March 1, 1915, went to Rex hospital, Raleigh, N. C, from which insti- tution she graduated as a nurse on April 8, 1918. Upon graduation she joined the American Red Cross Nurses Association, and after one month of private nursing in Raleigh, N. C, joined the 65th North Carolina unit, headed by Dr. Long, of Greensboro, N. C. As a member of this unit, she went in training at Fort McPherson, Ga., on July 5, 1918. On August 4, 1918, she sailed for France. On March 26th, while nursing at Kerhnan, France, she was attacked by influenza, followed by pneumonia, and returned to the U. S. May 24, 1919. 180 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

FRANCES D. HAYS Oxford, N. C. Frances D. Hays was born at Oxford, N. C, June 5, 1892. On June 16, 1913, she entered Hy- geia Hospital, Richmond, Va., from which insti- tution she graduated as a nurse three years later, June 16, 1916. After graduation she did private nursing in Richmond and on March 17, 1918, she went into training at Camp Hancock, Ga., prepa- ratory to sailing for overseas duty. On August 23, 1918, she sailed; on September 9, arriving in Toul, France. At first she was attached to Base Hospital No. 45, but was transferred to a Gas Evacuation Hospital. This hospital consisted of four large stone buildings originally used by the French as military academy barracks. When the armistice was signed this hospital was taken over by Base Hospital No. 87; later it was turned into a Respiratory Hospital. Base Hospital 45, to which Miss Hays was originally attached, was decorated by the French for being the best equip- ped unit "over there." On April 23, 1919, Miss Hays returned with the unit to America.

ESTHER MITCHELL BLANDENO BIGGERS, R. N. Winston-Salem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Born at Charlotte, N. C, April 16, 1895. Born February 7, 1896. Entered ser- Entered Oxford Orphanage October 20, Jackson, vice October 14, 1918, at Camp 1904. Received training at Highsmith Columbia, S. C. Assigned to Base Hos- Hospital, Fayetteville, N. C. Entered hos- pital as student nurse. Honorably dis- pital April 17, 1913. Graduated April 22, 1916. Entered service March 6, 1918, at charged February 14, 1919. Camp Pike, Little Rock, Ark. "-*° 3 ''^H^. cN^L_0Q^ggHC ¥m

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 181

A Sketch of Woman's Work of the Granville County Division Council of National Defense 1917-1918

"The work which has been undertaken by the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense has my warm approval and support. "Already what the committee has been able to accomplish has been most encouraging and has exceeded the first expectations of those who were instrumental in constituting it.

"Many barriers have been broken down and many new ties of sym- pathy and cooperation established and a new spirit of cooperation and de- votion to a common cause aroused—circumstances which are not only the greatest immediate service to the Nation, but which promise many fine things for the future. "Woodrow Wilson"

Woman's Committee Woman's Committee t of the of the Council of National Defense State Council of National Defense Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Chairman North Carolina Division First meeting held in Mrs. Laura Holmes Reilly, Chairman Washington, D. C First meeting held in May, 1917 Raleigh, N. C. June, 1917

Woman's Committee of the State Council of National Defense Granville County Division Mrs. A. Hamilton Powell, Chairman First meeting organized and held in Oxford, N. C. July, 1917

Note: This sketch of woman's work is not complete. Owing to the death of two valued members of the organization, both of whom were secretaries of depart- ments of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense, a part of the manuscript has been lost. :

182 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

OFFICERS OF GRANVILLE COUNTY DIVISION Mrs. T. G. Currin 1st Vice-Chairman Mrs. H. M. Shaw 2nd Vice-Chairman Mrs. A. H. Powell Chairman Mrs. E. T. White Treasurer Mrs. T. G. Currin V ice-Chairman Mrs. W. T. Yancey Secretary Mrs. H. M. Shaw Vice-Chairman Mrs. E. T. White Treasurer *Mrs. W. T. Yancey Secretary It was the request of the Woman's Com- Mrs. H. O. Furman Historian mittee of the State Council that the chair- men of all the respective county divisions DEPARTMENTS ADOPTED BY GRANVILLE COUN- carry out the plan of work in its various TY DIVISION WITH CHAIRMAN OF DRIVE departments as nearly as possible as that Registration Miss Lela Ronton outlined by the State Division; the object Food Production Mrs. J. A. Morris being to co-ordinate women's existing or- Food Conservation Mrs. A. L. Capehart ganizations their working forces, in Liberty Loan Mrs. S. H. Brown and War Savings Mrs. A. L. Capehart order to enlist at once the greatest possible Education Miss Helen Sails number in the service which the national Health Mrs. E. B. Meadows crisis demanded. Social Service Mrs. C. G. Elliott Practically all of the departments were Red Cross (auxiliary) Mrs. John Webb first meeting for organi- Child Welfare Mrs. R. L. Brown adopted at the Y. W. C. A. *Miss Nette Gregory zation. As the work progressed several Safeguarding of Moral and Spiritual new ones were added as expediency de- Forces Mrs. C. A. Upchurch manded. Chairmen for all of these de- Patriotic Community Music Mrs. A. A. Hicks partments were elected as soon as practi- cable. Each chairman, with the realiza- In response to a call from the Woman's tion of the importance of the work before Committee of the State Council of Na- her, set forth to perform her duty to the tional Defense a large and representative best of her knowledge and ability. body of women of Oxford and of Granville For the women of the younger genera- County assembled at the Baptist Church tion it was all pioneer work—this prepara- in Oxford, N. C, July, 1917, at which time tion for war just as it had been new and a permanent organization was effected, — strange for the men, in whose interests known as The Women's Committee of the the women were so deeply concerned. Granville County Division of the Council Every man who had gone out from Gran- of National Defense. ville County left behind him some woman Mrs. A. H. Powell, of Oxford, had been whose heart was saddened by his going, elected temporary Chairman of Granville and this bond of sympathy not only bound County at the meeting of the State Divi- women's hearts together in a closer union sion held in the Senate Chamber in Raleigh but the great wave of anguish and heart- in June, 1917. ache that was sweeping the country united Upon organization Mrs. Powell's elec- them indissolubly in a common desire and tion was made unanimous by the County determination to spend their energy in ev- Division, and the following staff of officers ery way open to them, toward making the was elected to serve with her world safe for democracy. Gradually and slowly the knowledge

*Two efficient and faithful officers of the Gran- that "in union there is strength" spread ville County Division of the Council of National over the town and county, until—by the con- Defense passed from earth to Heaven in the tinuous and untiring efforts of the County winter of 1918, during the epidemic of influenza Chairman and' her assistants—there had that swept the country. Miss Bennette Gregory, been eighteen units, or complete organiza- Chairman Y. W. C. A., died December 6th. Mrs. W. T. Yancey, Secretary, died December 15th. tions for carrying on the work established :

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 183 in that many communities—most of which STOVALL UNIT undertook at least five departments. Officers Those who took active part with Mrs. Mrs. J. J. Davis Chairman Mrs. William Taylor Vice-Chairman Powell in visiting the community centers Miss Lillie Wilkerson Secretary-Treasurer to assist in organizing units, were Mrs. Chairmen of Departments John Webb, Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Mrs. R. Food Conservation and Food Production —Mrs. L. Brown, Mrs. S. H. Brown, Mrs. Graham J. Lumpkins. Roberts, and Miss Esther Mitchell. Liberty Loan and War Savings—Mrs. Brooks Davis and Miss Lillie Wilkinson. The communities that formed working Education, Health and Child Welfare—Mrs. Wil- units with the names of their respective son. chairmen are as follows Safe-guarding and Red Cross—Mrs. W. S. White. GRANVILLE COUNTY UNITS OF WOMAN'S WILTON UNIT NATIONAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE Officers OXFORD UNIT Mrs. J. W. Whitfield Chairman Organized July 17, 1917 Mrs. Jimmie Gooch Vice-Chairman Officers Miss Annie Moss Secretary Mrs. H. G. Cooper Chairman Miss Addie Breedlove Treasurer Mrs. John Floyd Vice-Chairman Chairmen of Departments Miss lone Yancey Treasurer Food Production—Mrs. Otis Jenkins. Miss Annie Crews Secretary Food Conservation— Mrs. Willie Gooch. Chairmen of Departments Red Cross and Safe-guarding—Mrs. Tom Rogers. Food Production—Mrs. H. M. Shaw. Liberty Loan and War Savings—Mrs. J. A. Mor- Food Conservation— Mrs. J. D. Brooks. ris. Red Cross— Mrs. Mary Delacroix. CULBRETH UNIT Child Miss White. Welfare— Edna Officers Liberty Loan—Mrs. Jonas Veasey. Mrs. Ed. Clement Chairman War Savings Mrs. T. L. Booth. — Chairmen of Departments Safeguarding Moral and Spiritual Forces—Mrs. Food Conservation and Production—Miss Alma R. L. Brown. Jones. Registration Mrs. R. G. Lassiter. — Liberty Loan—Mrs. S. H. Jones. Patriotic Community Music Mrs. John Booth. — Red Cross—Mrs. Joe Currin. ENON UNIT Health and Child Welfare— Mrs. W. T. Currin. Organized April 1, 1918 Education—Miss Phillips. Officers Y. W. C. A.—Miss Willie May Currin. Mrs. Otho Daniel Chairman PROVIDENCE UNIT Mrs. Elam Currin Vice-Chairman Officers Chairmen of Departments Mrs. W. L. Currin Chairman Liberty Loan and War Savings—Mrs. D. C. Fra- Chairmen Departments zier; Mrs. Lem Knott, V ice-Chairman. of Food Conservation and Production Mrs. Susan Red Cross—Mrs. Titus Currin. — Walters. Food Conservation—Mrs. Fred Currin. Food Production—Miss Eugenia Cannady. Liberty Loan and War Savings—Mrs. Trim Aver- ett. HESTER UNIT Red Cross—Mrs. Will Kimball. Organized April 19, 1918 Officers KNAP OF REEDS UNIT Miss Mamie Bullock Chairman Officers Miss Camilla Pittard Vice-Chairman Miss Ella Hall Chairman Mrs. Edgar Crews Secretary-Treasurer Miss Mamie Veasey Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan—Miss Annie Fleming. Food Conservation and production—Mrs. J. C. War Savings—Miss Annie Fleming; Miss Fannie Walker. Fleming, V ice-Chairman. War Savings and Liberty Loan—Miss Rheda Urn- Red Cross—Mrs. Sam Parrott; Miss Rena Crews, stead. Vice-Chairman. Safe-guarding—Mrs. J. E. Parker. Food Conservation and Food Production—Mrs. Education and Child Welfare— Mrs. S. F. Bullock. Ernest Crews. Red Cross—Mrs. J. Ralph Weaver. 184 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

NORTHSIDE UNIT Chairmen of Departments

Officers Red Cross—Mrs. A. Williford. Food Miss Mattie G. Daniel; Miss Lillie Mrs. C. M. Fleming Chairman — Mea- dows, Vice-Chairman. Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan and War Savings—Miss Daisy Wil- Food—Miss Helen Aiken. liford. Red Cross—Miss Nannie Roycroft; Mrs. W. H. Safe-guarding—Miss Jeannette Daniel. Fleming, Secretary-Treasurer. CREEDMOOR UNIT WEST OXFORD UNIT Officers Officers Mrs. R. T. U. Winston Chairman Mrs. J. F. Duncan Chairman Chairmen of Departments Chairmen of Departments Red Cross—Mrs. C. W. York. Food, War Savings and Liberty Loan—Mrs. Food Production and Conservation—Mrs. S. H. Kerney. Rogers. Red Cross—Mrs. Lanier; Mrs. Lanier, Vice- BULLOCK UNIT Chairman; Miss Hunt, Secretary. Officers KNOTT'S GROVE UNIT Mrs. Lex Norwood Chairman Organized April 22, 1918 STEM UNIT

Officers Officers Mrs. Sam Knott Chairman Mrs. P. R. Hardee Chairman Mrs. John Dean Vice-Chairman Miss Ella Hall Secretary Miss Inez Frazier Secretary-Treasurer Chairmen of Departments Chairmen of Departments Liberty Loan—Mrs. Will Gooch. Liberty Loan and War Savings— Miss Nannie FISHING CREEK UNIT Pearl Knott; Mrs. A. S. Frazier, Vice-Chair- Officers man. Miss Hattie Harris Chairman Red Cross Mrs. A. S. Frazier. — Chairmen of Departments Food Conservation and Production Miss Rosa — Liberty Loan—Mrs. Hamlin Cheatham. Knott. BEREA UNIT Safe-guarding—Miss Lena Dean. Officers CLARKE'S SCHOOL UNIT Miss Ida Fuller Chairman Organized April 23, 1918 HOWARD UNIT Officers Officers Mrs. W. L. Clarke Chairman Miss Ethel Daniel Chairman Mrs. R. A. Loyd Secretary-Treasurer

Chairmen of Departments An Expression of Regard from the Chairman of Food Conservation—Mrs. Eddie Wilkerson. Granville County Division of the Woman's Red Cross—Mrs. G. T. Pittard. Committee of National Defense. Liberty Loan and War Savings—Miss Lonie Wil- kerson. To the Oxford Unit the council owes a SALEM UNIT great and lasting obligation, for by the Organized April 29, 1918 leadership of the chairman of this unit, Officers Mrs. H. G. Cooper, the enthusiastic support Mrs. Eddie Chairman Hunt of all the departments was kept alive and Miss Mattie Rice Secretary-Treasurer active, with wonderful results for service. Chairmen Departments of Mrs. A. H. Powell. Liberty Loan and War Savings—Miss Bessie Man- gum. Food Conservation and Food Production—Mrs. In order that certain outstanding ex- Filmore Adcock. penses could be provided for, a committee Red Cross—Miss Eloise Crews. Safe-guarding—Mrs. Thad Parham. composed of Mrs. Powell of the County WILLIFORD SCHOOL UNIT Unit, and Mrs. H. G. Cooper of the Oxford Unit, Organized May 25, 1918 made an appeal to the County Com- Officers missioners and secured the amount of fifty Mrs. L. T. Williford Chairman dollars for the use of the council. —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 185

Early in September, 1917, the first all- Mrs. Louis Thorpe, Chairman Social Service, Ox- day get-together meeting was held in the ford Unit. Mrs. C. D. Ray, Oxford, N. C. Oxford graded school building. Stormy Mrs. S. H. Cannady, Oxford, X. C. weather prevented a large attendance from Mrs. N. H. Cannady, Oxford, N. C. the county, but those who came were en- Mrs. T. L. Booth, Oxford, N. C. thusiastic and anxious to be instructed as Miss Jeannette Biggs, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. E. P. Jeffreys, Oxford, N. C. to what to do. They gathered in the audi- Miss Myrtle Overton, Kittrell, N. C. torium, where, by special arrangement, Mrs. G. B. Phillips, Oxford, N. C. present several out-of-town visitors were Mrs. J. M. Blalock, Oxford, N. C. to make addresses and answer questions Mr. J. F. Webb, Oxford, X. C. emphasizing the importance of food pro- Dr. A. Sails, Cxford, N. C. duction—and giving instruction as to the Mrs. A. Sails, Oxford, N. C. Miss Grace Jean Sails, Oxford, N. C. many ways in which women could begin Miss Helen Sails, Chairman Education, Granville to economize. Mrs. J. R. Chamberlain, of County Unit. Raleigh, spoke words of encouragement and Miss Edna White, Chairman Child Welfare, Ox- helpfulness, explaining fully the purpose of ford Unit. the organization, and the work that women Mrs. M. F. Means, Oxford, X. C. Sue M. Kimball, Oxford, X. C. might accomplish when their efforts were Julia Brent Hicks, Oxford, X. C. united. Miss Jamison, of Raleigh, State Mrs. B. E. Parham, Oxford, X. C.

Assistant in Home Demonstration Work, Myrtle Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, X. C. with all utensils, and material in place, Lizzie Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, X. C. Millard Mayes, Oxford, made many practical demonstrations in Route 6, X. C. Allene Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, X. C. preparing and cooking food from war Mary Frances Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, X. C. recipes. Mrs. Ed. Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, X. C. Mr. A. G. Oliver, of the A. & E. College, Miss Loyd Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, X. C. Raleigh, gave an instructive talk on the Miss Rosa Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. care and raising of poultry. The county Mrs. W. T. Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, X. C. Miss Lillian Dickerson, Route 2, Oxford, X. C. officers who were present spoke of the Ethan Mayes, Route 6, Oxford, X. C. plans that had been outlined by them for Mrs. C. L. Floyd, Route 2, Kittrell, X. C. the different departments of work, and dis- Miss Bertie L. Floyd, Route 2, Kittrell, X. C. cussed the most practicable way to go Mr. A. L. Capehart, Oxford, X. C. Miss Margaret Capehart, Oxford, X. C. about it. Miss Sophronia Cooper, Oxford, X. C. At the noon hour a basket luncheon was Mrs. S. H. Rogers, Creedmoor, X. C. served. This being the first of meeting Miss Rogers, Creedmoor, X. C. its kind in the history of the county the Mrs. Lyon, Creedmoor, X. C. names of those who attended were regis- Mrs. J. E. Harris, Creedmoor, X. C. tered, to go on record, and are as follows: Mrs. Ed. Clement, Culbreth, X. C. Mrs. Geo. Royster, Culbreth, X. C. Mrs. A. H. Powell, Chairman Granville County Mrs. R. G. Lassiter, Chairman Registration, Ox- W. C. N. D. ford Unit. Mrs. T. G. Currin, Vice-Chairman Granville Coun- Mrs. J. M. Currin, Oxford, X. C. ty W. C. N. D. Mrs. W. C. Tyree, Oxford, X. C. Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Chairman Granville County Daisy Cooper, Oxford, X. C. Food Conservation. Williams Cooper, Oxford, X. C. Mrs. Mary Delacroix, Chairman Home and For- Tom Booth, Oxford, X. C. eign Relief, Auxiliary to A. R.C., Oxford Unit. William Howell, Jr., Oxford, X. C. Mrs. H. G. Cooper, Chairman Oxford Unit W. C. Miss Mary E. Webb, Pianist, Oxford Unit. N. D. Mary Currin, Route 6, Oxford, N. C. Mrs. A. A. Hicks, Chairman Granville County Ellie Currin, Route 6, Oxford, X. C. Community Music. Miss Ophelia O'Brien, Oxford, X. C.

Mrs. H. M. Shaw, Chairman Food Production, Ox- Mrs. S. S. Overton, Route 2, Kittrell, X. C.

ford Unit. Miss Lois Overton, Route 2, Kittrell, X. C. 186 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

W. S. Latta, Route 2, Kittrell, N. C. In September, 1918, another important Mrs. D. G. Brummitt, Oxford, N. C. meeting of the Granville Council was held Mrs. H. O. Furman, Oxford, N. C. in the Oxford library, called by Mrs. Pow- Mrs. Graham Roberts, Oxford, N. C. ell, Chairman. Mrs. T. Lanier, Oxford, N. C. Miss Nette Gregory, Oxford, N. C. Plans were announced for a Y. W. C. A. Miss Jamison, Raleigh, N. C. drive in the county, to be conducted by Miss Mrs. J. R. Chamberlain, Raleigh, N. C. Nette Gregory, who had agreed to act as Mr. A. G. Oliver, Raleigh, N. C. chairman of that work. Rev. R. H. Willis, Oxford, N. C. There being no money in the treasury for Mr. B. K. Lassiter, Oxford, N. C. Mr. A. H. Powell, Oxford, N. C. necessary expenses the County Chairman planned an evening's entertainment to be March 15, 1918, a second all-day meet- given in her own home, for which a small ing was held. This was on a much more entrance fee was paid by the guests, and elaborate scale than the first meeting. The the sum of twenty-five dollars was raised. morning session was held in the armory, The program was an attractive one, made and was largely attended, more than 100 up largely of readings, rendered by Miss ladies were present from the town, and Grace Jean Sails. Miss Sails was assisted nearly every unit in the county was repre- in her entertainment by Miss Londa Sham- sented by one or members. Food con- more burger, reader, and Miss Helen Royster, servation and production were the first voice. topics discussed. Every woman in Oxford esteemed it a Mrs. A. L. Capehart, County Chairman privilege, as well as a patriotic duty, to con- of Food Conservation, presented Miss Jam- tribute her time and talent whenever op- ison, of Raleigh, who gave the demonstra- portunity arose, toward furthering the tions in preparing meat and wheat substi- work of any department of the home de- tutes, and Mrs. J. A. Morris, of the coun- fense. ty, talked of food production. Both distri- The work of Miss May White, Chairman buted literature on these subjects. A lun- of the Campaign for Student Nurse Volun- cheon of meat and wheat substitutes, ar- teers, was commended. Those who had en- ranged by the Oxford Unit, was then serv- rolled for nursing were, Miss Esther Mit- ed to all present. The menu consisted of chell, Miss Helen Sails, and Miss Helen fruit salad, hard-boiled eggs with cream Royster. Annie Brandon, a competent col- dressing, grated cheese, brown bread and ored woman, also offered her service, and coffee. later did intelligent and efficient work, a- In the afternoon a beautiful war pageant, mong the people of her own race. Miss Es- with patriotic songs, was given at the ther Mitchell had received her notification graded school building, under the direction to report at Camp Jackson for duty, and a of Mrs. John Booth, Chairman of Music letter of appreciation on behalf of the Coun- Department, Oxford Unit, Mrs. A. A. cil for her faithful service to that orga- Hicks, Chairman of Music Department, nization was sent to her before her depar- County Unit, and Miss Allene Minor, of the ture. It was decided at this meeting that State Normal College. the Granville County Council arrange for In the evening Mrs. Palmer Jerman, exhibits at the forthcoming County Fair, State Vice-Chairman of Woman's Council representing the different phases of war of National Defense, and Mrs. Thomas W. work. At the appointed time for the fair Bickett, wife of the Governor of North four booths were arranged for exhibits,

Carolina, addressed a large and enthusiastic viz : Red Cross, Liberty Loan, Registration

audience in the auditorium of the graded and Food Conservation ; these four repre- school. senting the line of work on which the State GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 187

Council had placed special stress as de- county by specialists from the Department manding urgent attention. The Granville of Agriculture and by many volunteer County Unit also offered premiums at all workers among the women of the county. community fairs where exhibits should be Corn meal was the substitute most used but made that would include all departments of rice, potatoes, buckwheat and oatmeal were the work of the council. more largely used than ever before in the Much work that otherwise would have diet of our people. Wheatless and meat- been accomplished was interrupted by the less days, as requested by the Food Admin- wide-spread epidemic of influenza. For a istration, were very generally observed. period of six weeks all public schools, Many people were reached through the churches, picture theatres, clubs, and gath- schools. In fact, almost all of the schools erings of any nature, were closed by the of the county were visited by volunteer health authorities. workers and specialists who talked on food production and food conservation and oth- REPORT OF WAR WORK IN FOOD PRODUCTION er war activities. Gardening and poultry AND FOOD CONSERVATION BY THE work was much increased in this way. WOMEN OF GRANVILLE COUNTY In the spring when there was a great scarcity of tin and it seemed likely that it Communicated by Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Chairman of Food Production and Food Conservation of would be impossible to secure containers Granville County, Woman's Committee of for the fruits and vegetables that should be Council of National Defense. canned, the government made it possible In the fall of 1917 an announcement was for us to secure a car load of tin cans. made by the U. S. Food Administration These were shipped to us uncrated, 52,000 that in order to win the war an enormous in number and were unloaded, counted, and increase in the amount of supplies shipped delivered by school boys and girls who gave to our allies must be made. This could be their services. A part of these were re- accomplished in only two ways—by a care- shipped to adjoining counties—Vance and ful saving of food in the homes and an in- Person. Special plantings were made by crease in production. Plans were made by the housekeepers in their gardens with a the U. S. Food Administration and the U, view of filling these cans—some of whom S. Department of Agriculture for a vigor- did their own canning for the first time ous nation-wide campaign for food produc- that season, and others who were so much tion and food conservation. The women of occupied with other work that this was im- the country were called upon to help put possible, employed canning club girls and over this campaign. others of experience to do their canning In Granville County the work among wo- for them. Many cans of fruits and vege- men started early in the fall. Food conser- tables were saved in this way. It is not vation exhibits were made at the County definitely known how many canning out- Fair, in store windows and other public fits were placed in homes, but we have a places. Food posters and food cards for record of 64 that were placed that season, membership in the Food Administration and an approximate estimate of the number Service were widely distributed. The slo- of containers filled as the result of emer- gan, "Food will win the war," was made gency work in food production and conser- prominent everywhere. The four things vation carried on to meet war conditions, desired for shipment were wheat flour, red is placed at 100,000 containers. In addi- meats, sugar and fats. In order that the tion to the canning in homes there was a women might be instructed in the use of good deal of canning done in community substitutes for these, recipes and demon- gatherings, notably that done by the Ox- strations were given at many places in the ford Unit of the Council of National De- :

188 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE W R L D WAR fense. Hundreds of cans were filled by getting information regarding the plan of them from the gardens of Oxford and work. nearby localities that would otherwise have Various women's clubs of the county gone to waste. Our records show four or were asked to make War Savings work a five thousand cans done by single individ- department of their organizations. uals, who previous to this time had done A committee from the Woman's Club of only a few hundred. Oxford made a canvass of the town for the In compliance with a request from the sale of War Savings Stamps under the di- Food Administration, a food survey was rection of Mrs. T. L. Booth. The work in made in the homes of the county. Twenty- other parts of the county was done mainly five families were selected in Stovall, Ox- through the schools. There was no definite ford and Creedmoor in which the house- quota of the county's work assigned to wo- keepers agreed to keep an accurate account men, but it is a well-known fact that women of the food used and food stored in their and children invested largely in War Sav- homes for a period of two weeks, giving ings Stamps. the value of same according to prices in the Oxford being the first and largest of all local market. These records were collect- the county units organized, stood in the ed, tabulated and forwarded to the depart- relation of big sister to the others, though ments in charge where they served their all of them did effective work according to purpose in helping to determine what the size and strength. Mrs. H. G. Cooper was food situation was. Chairman of the Oxford Unit, and this In the fall of 1918 preparations were body was now holding regular monthly made for a larger and more comprehensive meetings in the library. These meetings exhibit at the community and county fairs. were opened with prayer, and conducted Special committees had this work well in an earnest spirit, with a conscientious planned and under way at five places in the desire on the part of each one present to county, but owing to the influenza epidemic do her full duty. all fairs were called off and so the exhibit Twelve months of war, with its atten- was not made. dant anxiety and unrest, had done its part for Oxford women toward enlarging the woman's war savings committee vision, and gaining new viewpoints—as to The following committee of women was obligations to others, opportunity for ser- appointed to promote the War Savings vice and self-denial and the reconsecration work in Granville County of self to God and His purpose. No call Mrs. A. L. Capehart, Chairman, Oxford, for service in any of the activities of the N. C; Miss Willoree Calton, Roxboro, N. council was left unanswered. Prayer ser-

C. ; Mrs. Will Gooch, Stem, N. C. ; Mrs. Ed- vice for the soldiers was conducted each ward Clement, Route 1, Oxford, N. C; Miss week in one of the churches—each service

Lillie Wilkerson, Stovall, N. C. ; Mrs. T. L. being arranged for, and its leader appoint- Booth, Oxford, N. C; Miss Bessie Man- ed by Mrs. R. L. Brown who was Chairman gum, Route 5, Oxford, N. C; Miss Eunice of the Department for Safe-guarding of

Crews, Route 2, Oxford, N. C. ; Mrs. J. A. Moral and Spiritual Forces. These gather- Morris, Route 2, Oxford, N. C; Miss Hat- ings were largely attended, helpful, and of tie Harris, Route 3, Oxford, N. C. much comfort. Women met together with The chairman of this committee attend- hearts burdened with anxiety and sick with ed the War Savings Institute that was held fear of what might be the outcome of the in Raleigh, February 10-12, 1918, under war, but they came away strengthened and the direction of Col. F. H. Fries, State Di- comforted. The touch of a gentle hand, rector of War Savings, for the purpose of the smile of a sympathetic friend, a few — — ——

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 189 words of cheer from a brave-hearted mo- Mrs. Capehart, County Chairman of lher-of-a-lad-across-the-sea, and, most of Food Conservation, suggested a novel way all, the renewed trust in God found on the to advertise the Irish potato as a war food altar of prayer, during that hour of ser- for home use, which was carried out in a vice, were vital elements in the daily lives clever window exhibit arranged by Mrs. of the women in the homes, during the J. D. Brooks, Oxford Chairman of Food summer of 1918. Silent prayer at a given Conservation, Mrs. Mary Cooper Evins time was also a form observed daily among and others. The "characters" were made the people at this time. Six o'clock was the of potatoes, wired into shape, and decked chosen hour in Oxford. And at the ring- out in suits of khaki—all standing at at- ing of the bells heads were bowed in prayer tention in tableau. This was placed at a for the space of four minutes, whether in central location in the business section of the homes, on the streets, or in places of town and attracted much notice. business. Numbers of women and girls were giv- ing assistance to the local board of exemp- "MIZPAH" tion in copying registration cards, and Each day when the curfew is tolling for prayer other clerical work. Mrs. R. G. Lassiter, I silently steal apart, To hold communion with God—and with you Chairman of Registration, was directing And kindle love's sacred fires anew, that important department. She arranged On the altar of my heart. for special places for registration and con- I leave behind me all worry and care ducted drives for soliciting names, and mine thro' the day, That may have been pledges as to amount of time to be given by And I turn my face toward the East—and you each one for service in emergency work. While my heart reaches out o'er the waters blue The Y. W. C. A. campaign, conducted by And enfolds you about, while I pray. Miss Nette Gregory (in cooperation with "All's right with the world," in that blessed hour, the Y. M. C. A. work under the direction And "God's in His Heaven," above of The wings of the morn in one hand holdeth He Mr. R. H. Lewis), affected every unit in With the other—the uttermost parts of the sea, the county, and was productive of much And shall He not care for our love! good. But, oh, my beloved! 'tis you holds the key Many friendly and cheerful letters were old prayer from heart That unlocks the my written to the soldiers in training camps, "May the dear blessed Lord watch between me and also to the boys who had gone to and thee France, by the And guide you, and keep you, wherever you be, Oxford women—most of While we two are far apart." whom had adopted a special soldier for a god-son, so that no boy need feel that he Food conservation was the all important had been forgotten. Numerous magazines, topic at every meeting of the unit. Al- newspapers, and books were sent out by ready pledges had been made and meatless god-mothers besides those collected and and wheatless days were being observed in sent by the committees in the council. the homes of the entire community. Sugar The Granville Division, under the direc- could be obtained only in very limited quan- tion of Mrs. Powell, contributed five or six tities, but that was used sparingly. Re- hundred desirable books for soldiers and freshments were discontinued at clubs, and sailors, during the week of the book cam- all social gatherings. Many flower plots paign, which were sent to Camp Greene were turned into vegetable gardens, and and Fort Caswell. many gardens were enlarged to increase Enthusiastic cooperation in the Liberty their usefulness. The great potato drive Bond drives was given the business men of which swept the country found many cham- Oxford by the women of town and county, pions in the town and county. under the chairmanship of Mrs. Candace —

190 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Emmett-Brown and her assistant, Mrs. J. as many people as possible. There were D. Brooks. Practically every man, woman some large bonds sold also, the committee and child in the county was given an op- gaining confidence in themselves as they portunity to subscribe to a bond. Money proceeded. and food were the two things needful to The chairman had an established office carry on the war, and the women of the or- for both drives, where the county women ganization who gave their time and talent reported and literature was distributed. toward getting these in hand were render- When the Liberty Loan drive came on the ing valuable service in their unit, as well chairman was unavoidably absent, and as to the government. Mrs. J. D. Brooks was appointed chairman of the Woman's Committee and did valiant REPORT OF THIRD AND FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN service. chairman requested by Mrs. Mc- DRIVES The was Adoo, National Chairman, to act as State Communicated by Mrs. Candace Emmett-Brown, the drive, but Chairman of Granville County Liberty Loan Chairman for Liberty Bond of the Woman's Committee of Council of Na- was compelled to decline the honor. tional Defense.

The strongest fact is that up until the On July 4, 1918, a patriotic demonstra- third drive, and until the women came to tion was featured by a parade, consisting the relief of the men's committee, Granville of many floats, representing different de- County did not meet her allotment. In partments of the work. This was arrang- this drive the women sold more bonds than ed on motor trucks, decorated for the pur- the men, although they agreed to divide pose with flags, bunting and flowers. Sev- laurels and bonds. eral of the floats bore the community sing- The county was divided into districts ers who, under the chairmanship of Mrs. each district having its own appointed A. A. Hicks, sang patriotic and favorite chairman, with a committee working un- war songs. After parading the principal der her direction. The committees at Sto- streets of the town the singers repaired to vall and at Creedmoor did unusually effi- the court house where a community song cient work. service was engaged in. The sweet, child- The fourth drive was handled more vig- ish voices of the graded school children ad- orously by the men's committee, and the ded greatly to the music ; the young girls women were requested to work very quiet- dressed in white, with draperies of red, ly until after their drive. For ten days the white and blue, making an attractive pic- woman's committee, under the energetic ture. management of Mrs. J. D. Brooks, served Soon after the Department of Music was luncheon to the entire committee of Oxford added to the work of the National Council, men, and on the day before the drive serv- the Granville County Division adopted it, ed an elaborate dinner to the committee in order that interest in community sing- from all over the county. This was done ing might be stimulated. A number of to inspire interest and enthusiasm in the communities organized choruses with the sale of Granville's allotment. The record schools as centers. In Oxford the singers was not so clearly kept during the sale of were known as the "Liberty Chorus." Pa- the fourth drive as the third, but in the triotic and other popular war songs were beginning it was decided that both com- used, and wherever there was a public mittees were to work together. gathering, or any activity of a patriotic na- There were more small bonds sold dur- ture, the Liberty Chorus was there, adding ing this drive as it was the request of the greatly to the interest and pleasure of all government to place them in the hands of concerned. :

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 191

It was not the intention of the Woman's Creedmoor—Mrs. York. Committee of the National Council, when Northside—Miss Nannie Roycroft. organizing its working departments for Knap of Reeds—Mrs. E. J. Nance. war work, to form any organization for the Providence—Mrs. Will Kimball. purpose of meeting in competition with Knott's Grove—Mrs. Alfred Frazier. any already existing organizations. Corinth—Mrs. F. A. Phipps. The Home and Foreign Relief Depart- Wilton—Miss Annie Moss. ment was asked to cooperate with the Red Clarke's School—Mrs. T. G. Pittard. Cross; all foreign relief work to be refer- Browning—Mrs. J. L. Parham. Williford. red to that organization ; and all home re- Williford—Mrs. A. lief work to be effected in cooperation with Mountain Creek—Mrs. Elliott. them, as the needs of the soldiers' families Grassy Creek—Mrs. S. W. Pittard. were brought to the attention of the de- West Oxford—Mrs. D. F. Lanier. partment. Hester—Mrs. Sam Parrott. Salem—Miss Eloise Crews. HOME AND FOREIGN RELIEF Culbreth—Mrs. Ed. Clement. Tazzie Dean. Communicated by Mrs. John Webb, Chairman of Hester's Church—Miss Home and Foreign Relief of the Granville Oxford—Mrs. Delacroix. County Division, W. C. N. D. The Department of Home and Foreign In September, 1918, when the Granville Relief of the Woman's Committee of Na- County Unit had been organized just tional Defense in Granville County was co- twelve months it had received favorable ordinated with Red Cross activities. The comment from the State Council for being, Chairman of the Extension Committee of not only among the first of all the coun- Granville County Chapter of American ty units to organize, but also for taking the Red Cross was also County Chairman of lead in engaging in certain activities that Home and Foreign Relief. Wherever a were later adopted by other counties of the unit of Woman's Committee National De- State. Among these were the following: fense was organized in Granville this spe- Discontinuing refreshments, except for cial work was presented and a chairman of the wheatless and meatless kind, at all clubs Home and Foreign Relief elected. In most and social gatherings. Holding prayer ser- places a Red Cross Auxiliary was the re- vice for the soldiers. Distributing Testa- sult. ments to soldiers. Holding all-day county The chairman of Home and Foreign Re- meetings, with programs, demonstrations, lief traveled more than 600 miles, and vis- etc. Organizing a Community Patriotic ited 19 points in the county. Other places Music Department. Showing exhibits of were visited by the committee, and the im- defense work at county and community portance of this work stressed. fairs. There was a great work done by the wo- men in administering relief to those in need, AN APPRECIATION at home, and a vast amount of sewing, knit- This sketch of woman's work in Gran- ting, etc., done for the men at the front. ville County during the period of the great The names of places visited and their world war would not be complete without respective Chairmen of Home and Foreign a word of appreciation in behalf of its Relief departments follow chairman, Mrs. A. H. Powell, subscribed to Enon—Mrs. Titus Currin. by her co-workers of the Granville County Stovall—Mrs. W. S. White. Division. Bullock—Mrs. J. G. Pittard. Mrs. Powell's record as a leader in com- Stem—Miss Marie Stark. munity work was established long before 192 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR this trying period of the county's history church, and in all public movements for (1917-'18). the moral, social and aesthetic advance- Possessed of fine executive ability, pub- ment of the community. lic-spirited, generous to the faults of oth- It is small wonder, then, that when the ers and with an evenly-poised manner, so great body of State Council of National necessary to leadership in keeping the ma- Defense met in the State's Capital to elect chinery oiled and moving without friction, chairmen, with a view to having each coun- she has made for herself a record that is ty of the State organized into a separate known and appreciated far beyond the division, or unit, to carry on the national boundary of her native State. defense work, that Mrs. Powell's name was Mrs. Powell organized the Oxford Wo- mentioned as an organize! and leader of man's Club in 1906, at a time when wo- ability, and she was appointed temporary man's efforts in community work were rid- chairman for Granville County. iculed by the majority and engineered it In her efforts to "carry on" Mrs. Powell safely through the first trying years of its has brought to pass a tremendous amount history, presiding over it with unfaltering of work ; and whatever of good was accom- courage through a period of ten years, or plished by the Woman's Council of Nation- until it was recognized as one of the strong- al Defense, during those strenuous months est forces for good in the community. of 1917-'18, was largely due to her ability Since girlhood she has filled active and and splendid leadership. responsible positions in the work of her GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 193

W. T. YANCEY W. B. BALLOU Banker Tobacconist Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Chairman of First, Second, Third and Chairman Victory Liberty Loan, Full Fourth Liberty Loans. Full quota sub- quota subscribed. scribed.

A. DAN COBLE HENRY G. COOPER Editor Oxford Public Ledger Banker Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Chairman Four-Minute Speakers Com- Vice-Chairman Four-Minute Speakers mittee. Committee. 194 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

MAJ. A. A. HICKS JUDGE W. A. DEVIN Attorney Counselor Judge Superior Court and at Law Oxford, C. Oxford, N. C. N. Four-Minute Speaker. Member Legal Advisory Board. Four- Minute Speaker.

T. LANIER JOHN W. HESTER Attorney and Counselor at Law Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Member Legal Advisory Board. Four- Four-Minute Speaker. Minute Speaker. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 195

GEN. BEVERLY S. ROYSTER BENJAMIN K. LASSITER Attorney and Counselor at Law Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Fuel Administrator. Four-Minute Member Legal Advisory Board. Four- Speaker. See military record on page 112. Minute Speaker.

BENJAMIN W. PARHAM THADDEUS GARLAND STEM Attorney and Counselor at Law Attorney and Counselor at Law Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Food Administrator. Four-Minute Mayor of Oxford. Four-Minute Speak- Speaker. Member Legal Advisory Board. er. See military record on page 114. ——

196 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

THE SOLDIER'S MOTHER

When first that tender little form Lay helpless in my yearning arms, My being thrilled with ecstacy; I prayed to Thee so fervently To keep him safe from early harms; Dear God,—was it for this?

And then when through the boyhood days, His eager feet found pathways new, When youthful careless ways he strayed, When mother's hand no longer led, I prayed that Thou would'st keep him true; Dear God,—was it for this?

And then my lad grown tall and strong Looked deep into a maiden's eyes And vows were pledged for constancy, For honor called him far away. I plead that Thou would'st keep him pure; Dear God,—was it for this?

Through lonely vigils of the night In years gone by in Galilee, Did Mary question why her Son Must die—and not some other one, To make "a safer world" for me, And say—"Was all for this?"

"Yes, 'twas for this," the answer comes The world must have such men today. Men, pure and true and strong to dare 'Tis Mary's boy whose work they share, And whether they come back or stay, May we have faith and love to say, "Dear God, it was for this!" Kate Hays Fleming. ; — —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 197

HIS LAST NIGHT AT HOME

Dream on, my little soldier son, While one last watch I keep, And gaze upon your dear, dear face, As you so gently sleep.

I see your forehead, quiet, pui'e, With not a line to fret; I touch your cheeks as soft as down;— You're just a laddie yet.

Hush, do not wake; it's just a kiss Upon your brig'ht brown hair; Sweet eyelids, droop again in sleep; To-night, no shade of care.

My lovely boy, I glimpse you now In all your waking days, Your crystal honor, whimsic wit, Your tender, courtly ways.

High-hearted as the knights of old, My innocent young lad; Oh, may you play in this dread fight The part of Galahad!

I gaze upon your dear, dear face, As you so gently sleep To-morrow night the God we trust Will tender vigil keep. Hele)i Harriet Sails. —— ; —

198 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

HOLD-FAST COLORS

Talk er 'bout yer ole-time dye-stuffs, Colors deep what hoi's dey own Dem whar's set wid salt, an' cop'rous, Vinnigy, or ra'al blue stone,

But, my honey, dey ain't in it, Gotta change dat little chune; Talk er 'bout dem rightchus colors, What comes nex' unto de moon,

Dey's so dazzlin', bright, an' glo'ful, Holdin' fas' ez sho's yer bo'n, Fru de storm, an' gale, an' thunder; Still dey's got dey brilliance on.

What's dem colors? Quit yer foolin'! You is ign'ant ter be sho'; Why, I's talkin' 'bout Ole Glory, Wavin' jes' outside yer do'.

Ain't she graceful in de breezes? Nigger, lemme git ma gun I's plum crazy 'bout dem colors, What won't neber, neber run! Ellen H. M. Brooks. — ; —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 199

MY SERVICE FLAG

By the one blue star in my service flag I have placed another today, And now in the window where all may see There are two—each one of them precious to me As I name them to God \Vhen I pray.

The first star reflects the face of my boy And I see there faith, hope, love and truth, And a heart all aflame with noble ideals And dreams of brave service that a good soldier feels And the rose-colored visions of youth.

But the other—oh, heart! shows tihe slip of a girl, So young, so tender and fair. There's a light in her eye, not of sea, nor of land 'Tis a vision of faith in the touch of her hand, And the work she will do "over there!"

Oh! God, bless this lad and this lassie of mine,

Whose smile from those blue stars I see May their faith in themselves and their faith in their God, Sustain them—e'en tho' they pass under the rod, And bring them back, safe home to me! Lucij Hays Furman. 200 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

THE KNEELING CHILD

"Why do you kneel to me, my child?" A lad in khaki said. "Because you came to us from God;" She drooped her curly head.

"You think I fell from out the sky?" Half laughingly he cried. "The stars are in your flag, you know;" She gazed at him, grave-eyed.

"Where is your mother, child?" he asked. "You're on the street alone." "I haven't any now," she said, In quite a simple tone.

"Your father's fighting, I suppose?" "He was, sir, till this year." The lad in khaki gave salute, Perhaps to hide a tear.

"You have some brothers, little one?" "One dead; two missing, sir." "No sisters?"—"Yes, America, We all belong to her."

"My little sister!"—Tenderly He raised her in his arms. "The God of our America Keep you from further harms."

Helen Harriet Sails. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 201

THE BOYS WHO WILL NEVER COME BACK

We hail with joy the festive day, When khaki clad, in glad array, As honored victors from the fray, Our boys come marching home. We welcome back these laddies dear, With toast and feast, with song and cheer, And then we pause to drop a tear For those who'll never come.

For some were left in Flanders' Field, Who never more an arm shall wield, Their country, flag, or home to shield From foul and fiendish foe. For them no long and loud hurrah, No toast or feast, but better far, No haunting memory of war Their hero hearts shall know.

No lasting shock from gun or shell, No tale of horror can they tell, No blood-soaked sod where comrades fell, Disturbs their peaceful dream. This thought must soothe the aching breast, As home again come all the rest, Save those who stood the sacred test Of sacrifice supreme. Ellen H. M. Brooks. ; —

202 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

A TOAST TO COMPANY E

Miss Ethel Hancock, Toast-Mistress

Used at a complimentary dinner given by the young women of Oxford to the men soon after their return from France.

Here's to the men of good Company E, To each sailor and brave marine; And here's to the men of the Infantry Who stood by the gun-machine.

Did you think that the land of the long-leafed pine Was worth the price that you paid When you shattered the strength of the Hindenburg Line And marched, facing death, unafraid?

And ah! we remember that some paid the price From the ranks of good Company E They willingly made the supreme sacrifice And will not return o'er the sea.

So we shed loving tears, and offer a prayer And our sorrowful hearts ever yearn, When we think of the graves of our boys "Over There" And the dear ones who will not return.

We will treasure their thoughts of mothers back home, Of sisters and sweethearts and wives Who inspired the splendid morale that was theirs And dearer to them, than their lives. ******* * Here's a health to your khaki and navy blue, To the chevrons and stripes that you wear, To the medals and badges to your honor due The D. S. and the Croix de Guerre.

May you never be called to another war, Nor to "Shoulder Arms"—ever again But stay in God's Country with those you love best, For ever and ever, Amen! Mrs. H. O. Furman. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 203

HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD BAPTIST CHURCH

Rev. J. D. Harte, Pastor

Bowling, Kilor S. Bryan, Henry Blount Buchanan, Dallas M. Cannady, Clyde Cannady, Dr. N. B. Carrington, James R. *Clark, Frederick L. Davis, Luther Ellington, Chester Carl Ellington, James M. Frazier, John E. Gooch, Clyde E. Gooch, J. Frank Gooch, Lee C. Gooch, Roland L. Grant, William J. Harte, Nelson Norfleet Howard, Ernest B. Howard, Royall D. Ligon, Luther A. Mitchell, Miss Esther Moore, Baldy S. Parham, A. Hood Parham, Fred W. Peed, Fred L. Peed, Hugh F. Robards, Wm. C. Royster, Beverly S., Jr. Royster, Royall H. Thomas, George N. Tunstall, George T. Walters, James J. Webb, William D. Wheeler, Guy T. Williford, William Roy

•Killed at battle of Bellicourt. France, September 29, iyj8. 204 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD GRADED SCHOOL

Prof. G. B. Phillips, Superintendent

Adcock, Willie B. Kinton, Robert Averette, Frank Landis, Arthur Averette, Leland Stanley Landis, Augustus Ballou, Edward B. Landis, William T. Ballou, James W. Landis, Hamlin Barnes, Albert Landis, Mark A. Bobbitt, Compton Lassiter, Joe D. Booth, James Lewis, Francis Bradsher. Francis S. Medford, John William Brown, Baxter Mitchell, John G. Bryan, Henry Blount Moore, Baldy Bryan, William D., Jr. O'Brien, W. T. Buchanan, Dallas M. Osborn, Allen Bullock, Harvey R. Pace, Thomas Bullock, James Dudley Pace, William Bullock, John H. Parham, A. Hood Burnett, Zeb Parham, Fred W. Callis, Marsh Peed, Hugh F. Cannady, Clyde Pender, Lee Capehart. Ashbourne D. Pender, William Carroll, Jesse B. Penny, Stanley Chappell, Edlar Pinnix, Marshall K. Chappell, William Powell, William H. Cheatham, Leo Ragland, Joe Cooper, Elliott T. Rawlins, George Cooper, Sol Renn, Harry J. Currin, Hubert Robards, William Cornelius Currin, Sidney T. Roller, John Davis, Luther Royster, Beverly S., Jr. Ellington, Chester Carl Royster, Royall H. Ellington, James M. Sizemore, George Ellington, Willie Smith, Ben Emmett, John Morehead Smith, Kersey Fort, Robert K. Spencer, Berkeley Furman, Frank Hays Spencer, Bernard Gooch, Clyde E. Spencer, Thomas Gooch, J. Frank Stedman, John Gooch, Roland Taylor, Albert H. Glenn, Eugene Taylor, C. Buxton Glenn, Jack Taylor, Charles A. Glenn, Richard *Taylor, E. Winfield Grant, William J. Taylor, Henry Lindsey Hale, Loomis Maleombe Taylor, James A. Hall, John G. Taylor, Joseph W. Hanson, Robert Taylor, Robert Kennon Harris, G. Waverly Thorp, Charlie Harris, Richard Thorp, Louis, Jr. Hays, Miss Frances Turner, Lewis Hicks, Edward Turner, Richard Hobgood, Thomas Garland Walters, James J. Howard, Ernest B. Walters, Sidney Hunt, Ernest Webb, John G. Hunt, George P. Webb, William Hunt, Gordon Wheeler, Guy T. Hunt, Kilgo Williams, John D. Hunt, Raymond Williford, William Roy Johnson, Wilson Wrenn, Dorsey Hester Joyner, Horace Yancey, Thornton

"Killed at battle of Chateau Thierry, France. June 12. 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 205

HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH

Rev. R. C. Craven, Pastor

Ballou, Edward B. Ballou, James W. Boddie, Sterling G. Bobbitt, W. N. Bradsher, Francis Bradsher, Jas. S., Jr. Bullock, Harvey R. Bullock, James Bullock, John H. Carden, R. W. Carroll, Jesse B. Crews, Eugene T. Fort, Chas. D. H., Jr. Fort, Robert K. Fuller, Elbert E. Furman, Frank Hays Harris, G. Waverly Hays, Benj. K. Hays, Miss Frances Hunt, Geo. P. Hunt, Otis Kilgo Hunt, Raymond A. Medford, John William Mitchell, John G. Pace, Thomas G. Pace, William G. Parker, Emmett L. Peace, William G. Pendleton, Willie R. Reece, Chas. H. R. Renn, Harry J. Rountree, Moses Stem, Thaddeus G. Tyer, Wm. B. Wood, John M. Wrenn, Dorsey 206 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD ORPHANAGE

R. L. Brown, Superintendent

Barham, Robt. Lee Latham, Arthur L. Betts, Edgar Maynard, Clarence L. Biggers, Miss Blandeno Medlin, Manly Black, Jasper Medlin, Y. Leonard Braxton, Jas. A. Morris, Roland Braxton, Miss Mary J. Morton, Miss Lela Bridgers, William Morton, Sanford B. Broughton, Fitzhugh Xobles, Ben Bruton, Reginald K. Nobles, John *Capps, Calvin L. Norman, Parks Capps, Carl Neil, J. Frank Capps, Frank Neil, W. Lee Carr, Charlie Nines, Alex. Casey, Miss Alice B. Oakes, Claud Chason, Dewey Owens, Rufus Cook, Clarence Pridgen, Daniel Cook, Connelly Rawles, Claud Daniel, George Rowland, Alex. Dixon, Thomas Saintsing, Andrew Dixon, William Satterwhite, Robert Dudley, Cleon Shepard, Walter G. Edwards, Frank Slagle, Latta R. Ferguson, Rev. Robt. L. Smith, Everett Freeman, Guy R. Smith, Henry Gattis, Raymond Smith, Jesse Hall, Jas. E. Smith, Willie Hall, Philip R. Spencer, John Wesley Hardesty, Grover Stanley, Leon Harmon, Reid Stevens, W. Thomas Hartley, Donald Sykes, Cecil R. Hartley, Leland Teeter, Mark W. Hellard, J. Wiley Tilley, George Holden, Isaac Tuttl'e, Hobart fHowell, Oliver Waff, Frank Hudgins, J. Earl Waff, Lonnie Hutchins, Miss Bessie Walker, Roland Hutchins, Miss EfRe Ward, Robert Jackson, Rufus Warren, Carnegie Jennette, Samuel Watts, Ernest Johnson, John D. West, Joshua Johnson, Julius C. Williford, Miss Sophia Kellum, Leon Williford, W. W. Kellv, Herbert Woodard, Percy Knight, Earl

^Killed in action at Chateau Thierry. France. June 12. 191£ tKilled in action at Bellicourt, France, September 29, 1918. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 207

HONOR ROLL OF OXFORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

Rev. Stuart R. Oglesby, Jr., Pastor

Blanchard, A. W. Bryan, Wm. D., Jr. Clement, Amos B. Clement, Jesse I. Cooper, James C. Emmett, J. Morehead Hand, Lei'oy C. *Hart, Ernest F. Harrison, Geo. R., Jr. Horner, James H. Smith, Ben T. Steagall, James I. Stedman, John P. Taylor, James A. Webb, John Graham

*Killed at Gordre Court, France, October 1, 1917. 208 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

HONOR ROLL OF ST. STEPHEN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH

Rev. F. H. T. Horsfield, Pastor

Booth, James L. Calvert, Richard C. M. Capehart, Ashbourne D. Cooper, Elliott T. Cooper, Henry G., Jr. Graham, Augustus W., Jr. Hall, John G., Jr. Hunt, Gordon Klingman, Edwin C. Landis, Arthur Landis, Augustus Landis, Hamlin Landis, Mark A. Landis, Thomas H. Landis, William T. Lassiter, Joe D. Pinnix, Marshall K. Powell, Chas. G. Powell, Wm. H. Taylor, Albert H. Taylor, Charles A. Taylor, C. Buxton Taylor, E. Winfield Taylor, Henry A. Taylor, H. Lindsey Taylor, Robert Kennon Thorp, Louis, Jr. Wetmore, Hal S. Wetmore, Joel B. Williams, John D.

'Killed at battle of Chateau Thierry. France, June 12 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 209

Colored Soldiers of Granville County

(Contributed by Rev. G. C. Shaw)

The rapid and ominous development of the armistice was signed and acquitted events in 19I4-'15 indicated to every close themselves admirably. Among them were observer the inevitable entering of Ameri- officers ranking as high as first lieutenants. ca into the European War. When the fi- Every organization among the Whites nal moment came and news flashed over for work was duplicated among the Col- the country that the Rubicon had been ored People. The War Savings Stamps crossed—that the patience and forbear- committee traveled day and night during ance of our President had given way to the drives, visiting every school district in stern action and America with her prodi- the county and urging the people to stand gious wealth and heterogenous population by their country by giving their means and had declared war against Germany in the blood if necessary. As a result of these defense of World Democracy—our holy efforts the Colored People of Granville declaration, "Democracy for the World," County bought more than $50,000 in War electrified our allies, and gave to true Savings Stamps and Liberty Bonds. Americans sinews of iron. The leashes Through their Red Cross Auxiliary they of war were turned loose from North to again showed their loyalty to the great South and from East to West. Every- cause. The women were constantly at where there was simultaneous effort and work for the comfort of the boys who went preparation. Our unpreparedness but re- overseas, as well as those who remained vealed our miraculous ability to get pre- in camps on this side. They made and pared in an incredibly short time. In our filled kits for the boys as they left for nervous preparation we became suspicious camp, and had one of their representa- of all hyphenated Americans. And many tives to address each departing group urg- of the White Americans began to wonder, ing the soldiers to so live and conduct what would be the attitude of the Negro in themselves that Granville County, their the struggle? It did not take the Negro State and country would always feel proud long to allay all suspicion concerning him, of them. How well they did this history for wherever he was found he proved to will tell. Whatever other weakness the be loyal and patriotic. This was especial- colored man may have, when it comes to ly true of the colored people of Granville loyalty and patriotism he is 100 per cent, County; so much so that the author and true. The war taught us a good many publisher of this history has said he would lessons from which, if we are wise, we will consider it incomplete if something was profit. It revealed our moral, intellectual not said about the colored soldiers and col- and physical weakness. It taught us that ored people of the county, whose patriot- a great many of our citizens who have en- ism and loyalty entitle them to abiding joyed the protection of our Flag 100 per consideration. cent, were only 50 per cent, loyal when our Among all the colored soldiers of the very existence was threatened. And it county drafted there was not a single taught us too, beyond a reasonable doubt, slacker, and of the 288 sent to camps not that fleecy locks and black complexions do one was reported as having done anything not differentiate true Americans. unworthy of a soldier. Many of them went Skins may differ, but the fires of patriot- overseas and were on the firing-line when ism burn in White and Black alike. 210 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

List of Men Inducted Into Service by Granville County Local Board [Colored]

Allen, Esquire Bullock, John Crews, W. C. L. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Clarksville, Va. Oxford, N. C. Allen, Otho Bullock, Reuben, Jr. Critcher, Percy Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Allen, Sam Bullock, Tom Crosby, James R 7, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Bullock, N. C. Allen, Ulysses Bullock, Wm. Daniel, Archer R 6, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Allen, William Herman Bullock, Zollie Daniel, James Creedmoor, N. C. R 1, Clarksville, Va. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Alston, Cornelius Burnett, Ebb Daniel, Nathan Bailey R 2, Oxford, N. C. Hester, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Amis, Charlie Burnett, Fletcher Davis, Collie V. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Tar River, N. C. Hester, N. C. Amis, Rufus Burton, Junius Day, Elmas R 5, Virgilina, Va. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Austin, Will Burton, Lee O. Downey, Jim Henry Hester, N. C. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Autrv, Grady Burwell, Augustus Downey, Lee West Point, Ga. Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Bailey, Willie Burwell, Ernest Downey, Willie T. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Bagby, Willie Burwell, Nazareth Eaton, Clarence R 5, Virgilina, Va. R 1, Hester, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Banks, Henry Burwell, Sidney Elexon, Daniel R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Stovall, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Baskerville, Henry Chavis, Benj. P. F. Fleming, Willie Oxford, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Black, Jasper Chavis, Jesse Fuller, Freddie R 4, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Moriah, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Blackwell, Bennie Chavis, John A. Fuller, Otis R 7, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Kittrell, N. C. Blackwell, Francis Chavis, Luther Garner, Ernest R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Blackwell, Willie Cheatham, Carnel George, Eugene C. R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Boone, Everett Cheatham, Dorsey Gooch, Joe Oxford, N. C. R 5, Oxford, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Boone, Royal Clark, Robert Gregory, Ward Tar River, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Branch, George Clayton Clayton, Green Green, Eugene Gibson Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Branch, James Edward Cook, Roy Green, Henry R 7, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Branch, Willie R. Cooper, Chester Green, James R 7, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Bratcher, Wiley Cooper, Roy Green, Norman Creedmoor, N. C. R 5. Virgilina, Va. Stem, N. C. Bridges, Hardie Cooper, Solomon Green, Thomas Oxford, N. C. Berea, N. C. R 1, Hester, N. C. Bridges, John Henry H. P. Cousins, General Ransom Green, Ulie Lee R 2, Oxford, N. G. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Bridges, Thomas Cozart, James Gregory, James E. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Bridges, Thomas W. Cozart, James Grissom, David L. R 2, Oxford, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. R 2, Youngsville, N. C. Brodie, Lemuel Cozart, Leland S. Hall, Aaron R 1, Franklinton, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Brodie, Richard I. Cozart, Thomas S. Hall, Ceathis A. R 2, Northside, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Brown, Robert Cozart, Wm. H. Harris, Claude Durham, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Bullock, Charlie L. Crews, Ike Harris, John Lyon, N. C. R 2, Kitfrell Oxford, N. C. GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 211

Harris, Lonnie Jones, Dock Mitchell, Joseph E. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Hester, N. C. Harris, Ollie Jones, Elijah Mitchell, Robert Oxford, N. C. Stem, X. C. Stem, N. C. Harris, Robert Jones, Gus Mitchell, Robert Roy R 1, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Hamme, Thomas A. Jones, Otis Montague, Crawford Oxford, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Harris, Willie Jones, Parham Moore, Clarence J. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Harris, Win. H. Jones, Samuel Moore, Fred R 6, Oxford, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Henderson, Albert Jones, Tarry Moore, Ira Henderson, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Henderson, John Jones, Thornton Moore, James A. R 5, Oxford, N. C. Virgilina, Va. Stem, N. C. Hester, Eli Jones, William Morgan, Lorenzo Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Hester, Frank Jordon, Henry Moss, Walter Kittrell, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Hester, Seth H. Jordan, Wm. Powell Newton, James R 5, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Hicks, Clarence E. Kersey, Emmitt Norman, John C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Hicks, John Lewis, Frank Edward Norwood, Sidney Stovall, N. C. Spring Hope, N. C. Stem, N. C. Hicks, John S. Lindsey, Joe H. Nutall, Charles Oxford, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Hicks, Lee Herbert Lunsford, Arthur Lee Nutall, Haywood R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Hinton, Bruce Lyon, Chester Parish, Simon Stem, N. C, Stem, N. C. Franklinton, N. C. Horner, Andrew Lyon, Cornelius Parish, Wm. Bahama, N. C. R 1, Berea, N. C. Hester, N. C. Horner, John Lyon, Hughie Parker, Alfred M. Stem, N. C. Stem, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Howard, Al Lvon, Jack Carl Parker, Huly Oxford, N. C. Wendell, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Howard, Leroy Lyon, Graham Parker, Len Oxford, N. C. Northside, N. C. R 1, Hester, N. C. Howard, Maud Lyon, Lee Paschall, Willie Oxford, N. C. Northside, N. C. Tar River, N. C. Howard, Samuel Lyon, Otis Peace, John Henry Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Howell, Cleveland Lyon, Wade Peace, Robert Tar River, N. C. Northside, N. C. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Howell, Jimmie Lyon, Walker Pettiford, Charles R 3, Oxford, N. C. Northside, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Hunt, John McAden, John M. Pettiford, Zetie Oxford, N. C. ' Oxford, N. C. R 2, Kittrell, N. C. Howell, John McGhee, Andrew J. Perry, Ras Oxford, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Hunt, Daniel Mclver, Frederick Perry, Rufus R 1, Hester, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Hunt, John Anderson Marrow, David Perry, Sam R 1, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Franklinton, N. C. Jeffers, Willie Marrow, Haywood Pool, Sam Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 1, Virgilina, Va. Jeffreys, Albert Marrow, Solomon Ragland, Minoras Tar River, N. C. Bullock, N. C. Dover, N. J. Jeffries, James Edward Mayo, Plummer Richardson, George Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Johnson, Ed Mangum, Robert Dolphus Richardson, Junius E. Stem, N. C. R 1, Creedmoor, N. C. R 2, Oxford, N. C. Johnson, Earley Martin, Wm. Ridley, John Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Johnson, Hampton Mitchell, Huly Rogers, Earley Stovall, N. C. Lyon, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. Jones, Alvis Mitchell, Jones Will Rogers, John W. R 7, Oxford, N. C. Wendell, N. C. Stem, N. C. 212 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

Rogers, Joseph T. Smith, Jacob Esty Throckmorton, Robert L. R 3, Oxford, N. C. R 5, Virgilina, Va. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Rogers, Sherman Smith, Joe Tilley, Wade R 3, Creedmoor, N. C. Hargrove, N. C. Stem, N. C. Rogers, Walter G. Smith, Joseph S. P. Tinsley, Lee Andrew R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. R 5, Virgilina, Va. Oxford, N. C. Rolling, John Smith, Rov Turrentine, Willie L. R 2, Creedmoor, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Royster, Cornelius Speed, Charles Tvler, John R 7, Oxford, N. C. Berea, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Royster, Frank C. Suit, Benjamin Tyler, Joseph Samuel

Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. . Royster, Hubert Suit, Willie G. Umstead, Hampton Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. R 1, Nelson, Va. Royster, Jesse Talley, James Washington, Tom R 5, Virgilina, Va. R 1, Franklinton, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Royster, McKinley Tanner, George Waugh, Arthur R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 6, Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. Royster, Shepherd Tarry, Jack Webb, Joe R 4, Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. R 7, Oxford, X. C. Royster, Spurgeon Tavlor, Edward Webb, John R 2, Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. Stovall, X. C. Royster, Thomas Taylor, Gabriel White, Xathan Oxford, N. C, Oxford, N. C, R 1, Franklinton, X. C. Sanford, James Taylor, Gabriel White, Nelson R 7, Oxford, N. C. Stovall, N. C. R 1, Hester, X. C. Sanford, Walter Ti'.yVr, James Sp^rg-eon Wilkerson, Lucius R 7, Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Satterwhite, James Taylor, Lenville Wilkerson, Stephen R 1, Hester, X. C. Stovall, N. C. Berea, N. C. Satterwhite, Jeff D. Taylor, Leonard A. Wilkerson, Wm. McK. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Satterfield, Win. H. Taylor, Lexie Wilkins, Berrv R 1, Berea, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Shanks, Sunny- Taylor, Robert L. Wilkins, James Moses Hester, N. C. Oxford, N. C. R 2, Virgilina, Va. Shells, Dorsey Tavlor, Wm. Williams, Percy C. R 3, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Shepherd, Marshall L. Taylor, Wm. Henry, Jr. Williams, Ulah Oxford, N. C. R 5, Oxford, N. C. R 7, Oxford, X. C. Shelton, Eddie O. Taylor, Willie Wilson, Leland R 3, Oxford, N. C. R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 7, Oxford, X. C. Shelton, Robert O. Teasley, Sam Wood, Moses X. Oxford, N. C. R*2, Youngsville, N. C. Berea, X. C. Short, Csesar Teasley, Willie Woods, Willie Stem, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Hester, X. C. Skidmore, Thomas Thomas, Ernest P. Wright, James R 7, Oxford, N. C. R 5, Virgilina, Va. R 2, Youngsville, X. C. Smith, Allen Thomas, Lee L. Wyche, Geo. W. R 4, Oxford, N. C. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Smith, Bowman Thomasson, Lonnie Young, Henry Oxford, N. C. Creedmoor, N. C. R 1, Oxford, X. C. Smith, Chacie B. Thorpe, Daniel Young, Isaac R 5, Virgilina, Va. Oxford, N. C. Oxford, X. C. Smith, Chester L. Thorpe, James Young Merriman Oxford, N. C. R 1, Oxford, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, X. C. Smith, Fred Lee Thorpe, Tom Young, Robert Oxford, N. C. Stem, N. C. R 1, Franklinton, X. C. —

GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR 213 INDEX

PACE PACE America 2 Granville County Division Council of Na- A Shot in the Balkans Set the World Aflame 3 tional Defense Cont'd. A Toast to Company E 202 Granville County Units: Boys Who Will Never Come Back, the 201 Berea 184 Britjgh^Military Cross 130 Bullock 184 Chairman of Liberty Loans 193 Clarke's School 184 Colored Soldiers of Granville County 209 Creedmoor 184 Conquest of the Cootie, the 92 Culbreth 183 Distinguished Service Cross 129 Enon 183 E Company, 120th Infantry: Fishing Creek 184 Battles 37 Hester 183 On His Majesty's Service 80 Howard 184 Places stationed at 37 Knap of Reeds 183 Record of 37 Knott's Grove 1S4 Roster of enlisted men 40 Northside 184 Roster of officers 33 Oxford 183 Examining' Physicians to Gi-anville County Providence 183

Local Board 137 Salem , 184 Food Administrator 195 Stem 184 Four-Minute Speakers Committee 193 Stovall 1S3 Fuel Administrator 195 West Oxford 184 Fury of Battle Leaves its Mark, the 127 Williford School 184 Granville County Chapter, American Red Wilton 183 Cross (Illustrated) 165 Home and Foreign Relief 191 Committees 168 Letter of Commendation from President Conservation Committee 172 Wilson 181 Canteen and Camp Activities 171 Mizpah 189 Delegates and Visitors to Red Cross Officers 182 Conference 166 Report of Third and Fourth Liberty Directors of Work and Buying 171 Loan Drives 190 Disbursements 176 Report of War Work in Food Production 187 Extension 168 Woman's War Savings Committee 183 Finance 170 His Last Night At Home 197 First Aid 173 Historical Dates in the World War 155 General Supplies 172 Hold-fast Colors 198 Home Service 173 Honor Roll of Oxford Baptist Church 203 Junior Red Cross, the 175 Honor Roll of Oxford Graded School 204 Lectures 176 Honor Roll of Oxford M. E. Church, South 203 Membership 168 Honor Roll of Oxford Orphanage 206 Packing Committee 172 Honor Roll of Oxford Presbyterian Church 207 Receipts 175 Honor Roll of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church 208 Special Committee for Linen for Hos- If You Want to See Me Grin 128 pitals 172 Illustrations of Granville County men who Summary of Output 175 made the Supreme Sacrifice 132 Surgical Dressings 173 Legal Advisory Board 194 Tobacco Sales 171 Legion of Honor Medal 130 Ways and Means 171 List of Men Inducted into Service by Gran- Granville County Division Council of Na- ville County Local Board (Col- tional Defense 181 ored) 210 An Appreciation 191 List of Men Inducted into Service by Gran- Departments Adopted by Granville ville County Local Board (White) 138 County Division 182 Local Board of Granville County 135 214 GRANVILLE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR

PAGE PAGE My Service Flag 199 Records of Granville County Registered Red Off at Dawn for a Trip Over the Lines 16 Cross Nurses (Illustrated) 179 Pershing's Men Did the Work but the Navy Red Cross Surgical Dressing Class 173 Put 'Em There 143 Sir Douglas Haig's Tribute 88 President Wilson's War Message to Congress 17 Soldier's Mother, the 19G Ready for Duty 177 The Kneeling Child 200 Records of Granville County Men in the Ar- Thirtieth Division, the 74 my, Alphabetically Arranged 39 To the Memory of Our Honored Dead 131 Records of Granville County Men in the Who Broke the Hindenburg Line? 90 Navy, Alphabetically Arranged .. 148

. . . . , . . .

C-7 CMi-ju S»lln» INDEX Cl2 Budrmchtid .

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"\ EXPLANATION

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