The Massawippi Lake Massawippi Water Protection Association Journal Winter 2012 AYER'S CLIFF ACTS! MAYOR VAN ZUIDEN MOVES FORWARD, CALLING FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF RIPARIAN ZONE REGULATIONS. HE ALSO ENTHUSIASTICALLY SUPPORTS THE TOMIFOBIA MASSAWIPPI WATERSHED-FILTER PROJECT. impose the letter of the law. On the other hand, he added, “the lake question is essential LAKE LEVEL for Ayer's Cliff. We can't PAGE 5 unequally treat taxpayers, where the work of some is BILL C-45 undermined by the indifference or bad faith of PAGE 6 others.” WATERSHED-FILTER Ayer’s Cliff shorelines Pressure from citizens PAGE 7

Alec Van Zuiden explained listened to, reinforced his that pressure from citizens growing conviction. “I was played a big role in increasing impressed by the his awareness of the issue. presentations and the “Since my election, besides willingness of all these people yer's Cliff will become municipalities bordering Lake your organization, there are to come up with concrete the first lakeside Massawippi, and it is many other citizens who have solutions. I like efficiency, the Amunicipality to levy forbidden to cut all vegetation not given up: meeting after concrete.” fines on property owners who within a five-metre band from meeting I received questions Without a doubt, the mayor of continue to refuse to comply the high water mark. For the Ayer's Cliff exudes a natural with regulations pertaining to past three summers, Everblue energy, and, from first glance, the riparian zone. The tolerant Massawippi seasonal is one to chomp at the bit to approach of the five Parc employees have crisscrossed get to the finish line. regional Massawippi partners the lake to distribute Inexhaustible when on a made the law-respecting information, measure project, his dreams for his citizens somewhat impatient. compliance, and explain rules. village go from suitable lake Ayer's Cliff has taken control Beyond the saying “no one access to free Wi-Fi. Nothing of the situation. This is a big can ignore the law,” perhaps run-of-the-mill here. For the win for activists - among them more appropriately in this mayor, anything is possible, it Everblue Massawippi - who case, we could say “very is only a question of taking the have tried to raise awareness clever the ones who have not right action. and convince both elected heard.” officials and lakeside Taking the right action residents for almost five Unable to get through to those Alec Van Zuiden years. resisting the rules, Everblue As for the regulations, the Massawippi officially on this topic. I had to act, but means were simple, but they Since 2008 petitioned each municipality to not alone: the whole council had to be applied: an apply the fines the regulations had to act.” enlarged mandate for the We should recall that call for. inspector, a nuanced regulations pertaining to the Interviewed in his office, The creation of the Table de riparian zone have been in Mayor Van Zuiden told us that concertation sur la Tomifobia, Continued on page 3: place since 2008 in all five normally he is not one to and the presentations he Ayer ’s Cliff [email protected] 819.238.4410 www.lacmassawippi.ca 1 On the Board EverBlue Massawippi Members of the Board

The Board of Directors of Everblue Massawippi is always on the job. A new page will be dedicated to the members in our newsletter. They have a lot to say… hen I was offered the board of the executive am proud to be part of the team of Wposition of VP committee of the Conseil volunteers and a member of Everblue Communications and régional de l'environnement IMassawippi's board. Our newsletter Public Relations, I was told de l', which follows all outlines clearly the range of marvellous the organization wanted to environmental concerns, projects we have undertaken to maintain the make its position on various including water, and which health of our lake. My role is as director of issues better known, and took an active role in the the member-recruitment committee. establish a constructive controversy last autumn In 2011 we achieved, and even surpassed, relationship with different when a mining project was the magic 500-member level, and this year environmental actors. being considered in the we are targeting 580. area. It is a technical and difficult task - each year This intention to spread the Josette Gauvin we have to start from scratch. Yet, it is the message and promote Finally, the Conseil régional Membership members that guide our actions. collaboration has assigned me the role of Your support as membersI is crucial if we are to have weight when materialized through our representative at the dealing with the different levels of government. Strength lies in newsletter, presentations to COGESAF, the organization numbers, but a participating membership is vital, too. We count the Lake Massawippi assigned by the on your continued support. Please make your membership watershed municipalities, government to draw up and cheque out to Everblue Massawippi, CP 2703, North Hatley, and work with other manage the Plan directeur QC, J0B 2C0. Thank you! environmental groups. de l'eau de la rivière Saint- François (the Massawippi watershed being considered Currently, I represent verblue Massawippi is not only about protecting water quality, Everblue Massawippi on a sub-basin of the Saint- François). Ealthough the issue is key. We are also concerned about the Comité consultatif en conserving and improving the beauty of the land surrounding environnement of the There are many the lake. In order to do this, we have to consult, so we began a environmental actors today, series of informal meetings to gather feedback from the greatest and Everblue Massawippi number of people. We not only want to get the pulse of folks who is often the organization Yves Gérin of folks who use the lake, but also hear from those who live in the region. Dozens of small that can most effectively Front lines bridge them in order to associations exist: from lakeside and bay better work towards residents; to campers, fishers, and boaters. We common goals. This is true will strive to bring them all together to make this Jacques Foisy for the mandate that I was project one they can be proud of. If the federal given and for most of the government indicates that it is ready to leave Spread the message Memphrémagog MRC, actions and projects lake management in the hands of the province, which plays an important undertaken by Everblue the province will probably like to transfer more role in the protection of the Massawippi. powers to local and regional municipalities. We environment in our region. must be on the front lines to meet the challenge As well, I was elected to the and take the future of our beautiful environment in our own hands.

EverBlue Massawippi wishes to express its gratitude to Hatley Nature and Blanchard Litho for their generosity in financing the printing of the Journal 2 [email protected] 819.238.4410 www.lacmassawippi.ca of cyanobacteria (blue- accumulation. green algae) in our lake Continued : Ayer’s Cliff during the summer season. But, since mid-October, we approach with lakeside have seen an increase in residents, preparing We have been able to count the proliferation of these agreements, and, as a final on the support of volunteers algae, as shown in a photo option, fines. “We've given our (the lake guardians) to from Ripplecove Bay (page citizens the necessary tools so make frequent visual 4). On some days, the they can conform to regulations. inspections and report concentrations were very We are flexible when we see a bloom sightings using a high. Representatives from collaborative spirit, but in the guide prepared by the the Ministry took samples end, it has to work; it's not ministry. Photos and and are currently analyzing complicated – no more samples are taken and sent them. Louise Roux violations will be tolerated.” Lake Guardians to the ministry in order to verify if toxins are present. In the meantime, we assure Most violators have relented you that your association is verblue Massawippi since realizing that the No significant blooms were on the lookout - alerting teamed up with the municipality was serious. reported this summer, given authorities with every bloom ECOGESAF and the Several agreements for work that low rain levels and low - and increasing pressure. Ministry of Environment in have been signed (planting of lake levels led to poor We'll keep you informed as order to track the presence shrubs) within a respectable conditions for phosphate the matter develops. time-frame. And for the few stubborn violators remaining, warrants have been entrusted to the municipal prosecutor. y work with needed. With this in Everblue mind, I bring my Paule Obermeir Asked about his other Massawippi enthusiasm to the editing Raising awareness environmental concerns, the M mayor immediately mentioned began in the spring of of the texts for our 2012. With a varied work newsletter. municipal ditches. “We don't experience including have many, as our municipality I have also started business management, is primarily urban, and smaller working on the education, and sociology, than the others. But I believe in development of a park I was convinced I could that project. Not only will we owned by Everblue contribute to the mission collaborate, but we will also Massawippi with the view of Everblue Massawippi. promote responsible action in of turning it into a site for neighboring municipalities.” All To be a member of this learning and raising in all, quite promising for the highly dynamic team is a awareness about the Tomifobia Massawippi stimulating and protection of lake shores its early stages and will be Watershed-Filter Project. challenging experience. and the environment. a long-term project. My goal is to help where This undertaking is still in MARCHÉ GUY PATRY INC. This journal is 1185 rue Main, Ayer ’s Cliff / 819.838.4949 distributed 3 times a year, free of charge,to 6000 residents within the Lake Massawippi Season’ s Greetings watershed 3 How Do We Measure the Health of Lake

Massawippi? November 18th, 2012, Ripplecove Bay photo Hubert Lavigne

The high number and severity of cyanobacteria blooms that occurred this fall worried many. What is happening? Nothing new. No more or less worrisome, but serious nonetheless. Michel Clairoux explains the science behind our evaluation of the lake's health.

The aging of a lake is a gradual process that evolves slowly The mayor of Hatley, Jacques De over a long period of time. This process consists of an Léséleuc, announced his resignation, enrichment of the nutritional substances that stimulate the though as of press time official growth of microscopic algae in the water and aquatic plants procedures had not yet begun. The in the littoral. Phosphates are the major cause of this process to replace the mayor until the growth. official November 2013 elections should start in the coming weeks. This is an Aging of a lake can be sped up by the influx of nutrients item to follow for those who would like to associated with human activity: waste water, fertilizers and see more environment-sensitive erosion. municipal officials in office.

The trophic state of a lake is evaluated by charting The Memphrémagog MRC announced a phosphate concentration, chlorophyll concentration $35,000 grant for the Parc régional (indicator of a high level of algae), as well as transparency Massawippi to hire a development (measured by using a Secchi disk). Results indicate that the agent. Everblue Massawippi sincerely concentration of chlorophyll rises proportionately to that of hopes the PRM will emphasize the water phosphates, and that the transparency of the water management aspect of its mission when diminishes following a higher production of algae. drawing up the position's mandate and We can then get values that rank a lake as being weak in selecting its candidate. phosphates (ultra-oligotrophic) to one that is very strong (hypertrophic) . Although it is a continuous process, the use Lake Massawippi Conservation Club of these measures allows for the definition of classes of continues its work. As of October, nearly trophic states (ultra-oligotrophic, oligotrophic, mesotrophic, 6,000 new brown trout now call the lake eutrophic and hypertrophic) and the transition zones (oligo- home thanks to the efforts of CCM mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic). Our lake was ranked volunteers. Over 1,500 rainbow trout oligo-mesotrophic in 2009. took the same road last spring. Some signs must be heeded, such as the presence of blue- Ste-Catherine-de-Hatley completed its green algae over the past several years, and the high inventory of shores. Educational efforts, number of aquatic plants on the littoral of the lake. And by way of letters sent to lakeside other factors require consideration: the waters of Lake residents, will continue, ensuring further Massawippi are alkaline with a high concentration of improvements. The project will continue calcium, thus an ideal place for the development of zebra next summer, and, as with its neighbor mussels; the lake's watershed is very large with a high Ayer's Cliff, we are optimistic Ste- concentration of agricultural activity (erosion is likely enemy Catherine-de-Hatley will eventually reach number one for the lake); and the remains its ultimate goal. the main source of nutritive elements (phosphates and sediment). The third meeting of the Table de Everblue Massawippi, in collaboration with the concertation sur la Tomifobia was held Memphrémagog MRC and the Ministry of the in Ayer's Cliff on November 27. The Environment, tests the lake and its tributaries (rivers and interim report on the watershed-filter creeks) several times each year. It is the only way to follow project was unanimously endorsed and the evolution of the lake's health. But it is only a diagnosis. continuation of the project next year For remedies, we need to look much further and consider appears assured. numerous solutions, from small individual actions to more exacting social choices. 4

5 ’s Greetings to the residents of the Lake Lake the of residents the to Greetings ’s Season Massawippi area Massawippi

819.838.4678

Chartered Broker Chartered

[email protected]

Ann Stafford Stafford Ann

1041 Main, Ayer’s Cliff Ayer’s Main, 1041

1, and June 19, 2012. 19, June and 1, 201 8, August on twice: met committee The 1.

After the rain and thaw in March, the lake level level lake the March, in thaw and rain the After 1.

following conclusions: following lake.

.lacmassawippi.ca/en/node/45) leads to the the to leads .lacmassawippi.ca/en/node/45) (http://www vicissitudes, who, in the end, is the real manager of the the of manager real the is end, the in who, vicissitudes,

An examination of the daily data data daily the of examination An continue to be at the mercy of mother nature's nature's mother of mercy the at be to continue

forts, we will will we forts, ef these despite And changes. day-to-day

this summer? this with greater care in the future, keeping a keener eye on on eye keener a keeping future, the in care greater with

Where are we today? What happened to our lake lake our to happened What today? we are Where , use the experience to manage the dam dam the manage to experience the use , however can,

e e W rains. heavy or drought whether conditions, weather

the interest of all users, be set at 160.5 m. 160.5 at set be users, all of interest the e should not expect miracles in the face of extreme extreme of face the in miracles expect not should e W

representative) that the desirable average elevation, in in elevation, average desirable the that representative) for maintenance of adequate water levels in the lake. the in levels water adequate of maintenance for

ruled by majority (including the Everblue Massawippi Massawippi Everblue the (including majority by ruled River), the exceptional weather conditions did not allow allow not did conditions weather exceptional the River),

take advantage of sand beaches, but the committee committee the but beaches, sand of advantage take satisfied (minimum water flow into the Massawippi Massawippi the into flow water (minimum satisfied

future average lake level around 160.2 m in order to to order in m 160.2 around level lake average future . Once the first obligation obligation first the Once . summer this met not were

3. Some members of the committee wanted to see the the see to wanted committee the of members Some 3. Léonard Castagner readily admits that these objectives objectives these that admits readily Castagner Léonard

of several weeks. several of . other the on downpours heavy by caused damage

160.7 m, and cannot be lowered for a minimum period period minimum a for lowered be cannot and m, 160.7 shorelines on the one hand, and protect shorelines from from shorelines protect and hand, one the on shorelines

lake elevation should remain between 160.5 m and and m 160.5 between remain should elevation lake concerns: permit circulation and allow access to to access allow and circulation permit concerns:

, the the , mid-October around spawning, trout lake During 2. between May and October is ideal, as it addresses two two addresses it as ideal, is October and May between

. River Massawippi the of areas spawning protect Maintaining the level between 160.7 m and 160.5 m m 160.5 and m 160.7 between level the Maintaining

maintained at 2 cubic meter per second in order to to order in second per meter cubic 2 at maintained

The flow of water through the dam must be be must dam the through water of flow The imperative. about managing the dam? dam? the managing about

is is the of requirement first The 1. Ministère de la Faune la de Ministère What should our experience this summer teach us us teach summer this experience our should What

of the Massawippi Dam: Massawippi the of Committee , it almost never rained. never almost it , Sandy Hurricane with

1

decisions on guidelines established by the Management Management the by established guidelines on decisions This fall, the lake reached a new historic low…even low…even historic new a reached lake the fall, This 4.

bays. his bases He . Hatley North of village the of manager

levels enough to allow boats to float normally in a few few a in normally float to boats allow to enough levels general and engineer , Castagner Léonard to granted

e should recall that management of the dam was was dam the of management that recall should e W the weather station) only temporarily raised raised temporarily only station) weather Coaticook the

to the source. the to 16 mm of rain (as measured at at measured (as rain of mm 16 1 4th, September On 3.

delegates - Jacques Bernier and Jacques Foisy - went went - Foisy Jacques and Bernier Jacques - delegates lowest level in 41 years. 41 in level lowest

Massawippi's team wanted to learn more, so two two so more, learn to wanted team Massawippi's August was particularly dry and the lake was at its its at was lake the and dry particularly was August

Bay), experienced major inconveniences. Everblue Everblue inconveniences. major experienced Bay), , due to a lack of rain. rain. of lack a to due , low low…very remained and

as well as lakeside residents (especially in Bacon's Bacon's in (especially residents lakeside as well as , the lake level dropped dropped level lake the , however on, July early From 2.

inaccessible for long periods of time, and many boaters, boaters, many and time, of periods long for inaccessible its median level by the end of the month. the of end the by level median its

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heavy rain returned the lake to to lake the returned rain heavy A . rapidly too little a out remained bays several result, a As fall. to

was maintained at its minimum level from spring spring from level minimum its at maintained was This is acceptable. In June, water was allowed to flow flow to allowed was water June, In acceptable. is This

ear one of the new dam was historical. historical. was dam new the of one ear remained between the median and minimum until June. June. until minimum and median the between remained lake The

ent to the source. the to ent w - oisy F ues Jacq

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LAKE LEVEL: No Miracles! No LEVEL: LAKE ed ed R : 2012

e : Blue Green Blue : e g a er v a

minimum: Pink minimum:

maximum: Blac maximum: k For ten years now snow geese have been abandoning the sandbars of the St. Lawrence River. Attracted by nearby corn crops and by its watershed, several thousand now make Lake Massawippi a stop on their fall migration route. For about fifteen days each November, clouds of snow geese crisscross the west end of the lake as they recharge before continuing on their voyage. Passersby are compelled to stop to take in the impressive spectacle, and the shores of the Plage des Pères and Camping Massawippi fill with photographers. Although their increasing number could become worrisome, there is no substitute for the sense of freedom and beauty evoked by the sight of thousands of these elegant birds flying under the autumn sun. The Return of the Snow Geese: A Spectacle Not to Miss Did you know that the snow goose : Is unique to North America and Greenland In collaboration with Caroline Girard Flies more than 4000 km between its summer and The snow goose population increased from 3000 to more than winter homes 800,000 between the start and the end of the last century. Some Can fly more than 1000 km at a stretch studies indicate that, since the eighties, expansion of the Can walk 30 km soon after hatching permitted hunt, both in Canada and the US, has stemmed their Takes a mate… for life! population growth. Sources: Faune et flore du pays, Can maintain a 55 km/h flight speed, but can reach http://www.hww.ca/en/species/birds/greater-snow-goose.html, 95 km/h Environnement Canada, Service de la Faune Lives between 6 and 16 years Massawippi Removed from Navigable Waters Good or Bad News? Bill C-45, the omnibus budget Annex 2 are no longer government is abandoning its a provincial or municipal bill presented by the federal protected by the federal law. jurisdiction over thousands of organization could not revoke. government in October, stirred lakes in Quebec. This is not waters in Quebec. And with Too early to tell the case, at least not yet. Puzzle reason. The government The only protection we have decided to limit the jurisdiction Is this a good or bad thing for lost, for the moment, deals No need to panic, then. But of one of the oldest pieces of Lake Massawippi? In principle, solely with the construction of lake management, already a environmental legislation in it looks like bad news, but in permanent structures in complex issue, becomes a Canada (created in 1882). reality, it is too early to tell. waterways. Federal law puzzle rife with gray areas. The problem of federal requires permits in certain The federal government still First, the name is changed: the jurisdiction over lakes remains cases. manages boats, speed, and Navigable Waters Protection the same. If the changes events; The province Act becomes the Navigation brought were only a precursor Does this mean that if manages the littoral, water Protection Act. A worrying to the complete abandonment someone wants to build a quality, blue-green algae, and development in the very name of lake management by the permanent cement dock in the the over-all quality of the of the law. In one foul swoop, federal government (except for water across from your environment; Municipalities and almost surreptitiously, those in Annex 2), this could be residence, they have the right manage shores, noise, and thousands of rivers and lakes seen as excellent news. But to do so? No, of course not. other nuisances. The new in Canada once covered by the this is not the case: the The Quebec law on status of the majority of law are no longer. A quick look Canada Shipping Act and its environmental quality and Quebec's lakes will bring, at Annex 2 of the law highlights regulations regarding the use certain municipal regulations without a doubt, judicial the extent of the change. In of buildings still has jurisdiction remain in place, and those challenges. Quebec, only four lakes are in our bays. regulations (in the absence of Conservative politicians claim now covered by the law, Discussions concerning this bill federal jurisdiction) are valid. they want to simplify things. If including Lake are ongoing and too often In other words, you are in a so, they should clarify their Memphrémagog. All journalists lead us to believe better position now than if views and abandon lake waterways not mentioned in (falsely) that the federal Ottawa accorded a permit that management altogether.

6 [email protected] 819.238.4410 www.lacmassawippi.ca 1500 Acres for «Watershed-Filter» Jocelyn and Patricia Girard, from the Guylin Farm, embrace the Tomifobia Massawippi Watershed-Filter

Fifteen hundred acres of farmland around The farm was one of the first sites visited the summit of the 143 is pretty impressive. by Patrick Désislets in the context of the In this bucolic countryside - worth its Watershed-Filter Project. Rather hesitant Profitability and time constraints scenery in gold for those looking to build a at the outset, Jocelyn Girard quickly came country home - the farm of Jocelyn and around to Patrick's approach: “When it Without a doubt, with such a huge area to Patricia Girard offers never-ending views comes to the environment, we're always cover, problems are numerous. of the . ready for the worst: someone shows up Profitability comes into conflict with time without warning, criticizes our way of constraints. “We have very little time. Situated between Burrough's Falls and doing things, and then leaves. For those Never-ending dealings with ministries Massawippi, the Girard family property is people, solutions aren't what matters; it's followed by application after application: part of the immediate Lake Massawippi the criticizing that does.” we would frequently quickly give up and watershed. And for this family, farming is And yet, Jocelyn Girard is an open push off the problem. I've tried for years an all-out passion. A couple of hundred person. His goal is self-sufficiency. A to deal with the problem of the ditch on the dairy cows, large acreages in crops and a procession of machinery is lined up 143 that causes erosion in my fields. At hobby sugar bush - Jocelyn Girard is more outside his buildings, ready to harvest at a the Ministry of Transport I'm totally than busy on a huge property where, he moment's notice. No outsourcing here. At ignored, and not included in their plans. If says, he has not admired the countryside the Guylin Farm, they are equipped to do Patrick is able to succeed, it will be a in a very long time. the job when the job is necessary. miracle.”

Bring solutions The Girards don't have a lot of time to read up or attend conferences, but are Patrick spoke to him about riparian zones, always willing to discuss practicalities in picketing and cover crops. “For the first the field. This approach attracts them to time, someone brought me simple, cheap the project. As long as it is interesting and solutions. Why not? I started right away, realistic, they are ready to listen. without hesitation. I discussed with him problems that I couldn't solve myself. Next Spring, the Girards will start Patrick suggested the necessary steps to experimenting with ground cover crops in Ferme Guylin take. We finally were able to work with their fields. This example from a flagship somebody who works for us, not against local farm is likely worth more than a us. How could we not listen?” dozen information sessions in helping change mentalities in the watershed.

?320 km of roads checked for compliance WATERSHED-FILTER PROJECT OVERVIEW: and calculated, thanks to the Quantum GIS program (with photos) PROJECT STATUS, PHASE 1 : Day 148 of 239 ?34,000 m of waterways and ditches Phase 1 began June 11, 2012 and will finish May 31, 2013, with a walked and staked out with GPS 106 day break during winter. ?40,000 ha covered ?57 agricultural producers met Identification of the Riparian Zone : phase 1 goal : 85%, to date, 75% ?Presentations to three ministries Ditch Maintenance : phase 1 goal : 30 %, to date,15 % ?Direct work with three municipalities Cover Crops : phase 1 goal : 10%, to date, 10% ?1630 hours worked in the watershed Hydro-Agricultural Projects : phase 1 goal 6: to date : 1, underway : 3 ?Investment to date: $89,000

7 Massawippi: A Colorful, Legendary Hamlet assawippi is a lake, a river, and also expressed it well: “through the confirmed development ended there. Hatley Mone of the oldest hamlets of the influence of strong drink, many of the village archives show that the population region. Located at the intersection early settlers sunk to the most abject never surpassed 200. There is little left of routes 208 and 143, Massawippi poverty…” today of the economic activity seen in earned its name; offering some of the the 19th century. most spectacular views of the lake. « North Hatley can be hardly called a village » In addition to the undeniable splendor of The legendary Stephen Burroughs the countryside, both on the 208 and the It was between 1840 and 1890 that 143, must-sees are the neo-classical Legend has it that the first route to Massawippi would know its glory years. church (1861), its cemetery, and, in a Massawippi was opened in 1800 by the In his text of 1874, in which he declared country décor fit for another age, the mythic Stephen Burroughs (Connecticut, that “North Hatley can hardly be called a town hall and school across the street. 1766 - Trois Rivières, 1840). A notorious village”, Hubbard reported that One should also stop to take in the mill, fraudster and counterfeiter; frequent Massawippi had 175 residents, a immediately on your left on 143 as you prisoner and escapee in both the US church, a tavern, two stores, a tannery, leave the 208. Built on a cliff face on the and Canada, he arrived in the area in two mills, a post office, two furniture Brooks creek, the stone tower 1798. Burroughs repented his ways makers, two blacksmiths, a dressmaker, resembles a cathedral and is a after his escape in 1806 and gave his a grocery store, a cobbler and forty testament to the incredible savoir-faire of name to the famous falls on the Niger houses. the first settlers. (called the Negro at the time, according to some authors). Evidence suggests that the village's Sources : J Little, American Sinner, Canadian Saint, the Before long, a road following the east further adventures of the Notorious Stephen side of the lake was extended northward Burroughs, Journal of the Early Republic, vo27, no 2, Summer 2007 from the falls. Circa 1810, Appleton Printed on 100% recycled paper Plumley (Bristol, Vermont, 1783-1859, Paul Bourassa, Érudit, « Héros et malfaiteur» buried in the Massawippi cemetery) built http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/7610ac a sawmill on Brooks creek. A flour mill Benjamin Hubbard, The History of Stanstead soon followed. Despite this County, Forests and Clearings, www.ourroots.ca infrastructure, the village's prosperity remained modest. Legend tells of the Matthew Farfan, Massawippi Village, Townships appearance of several stills which led to Heritage Web magazine, townshipsheritage.com the demise of a number of pioneers. The author Benjamin Hubbard

The Journal Team : BD 2012-2013 Michel Clairoux, Jacques Foisy, Jacques A Bernier, Louise Roux, Michel Clairoux, president, Jacques Bernier, vp, management, Jacques Josette Gauvin, Yves Gérin, Paule Obermeir, Caroline Girard, Helmut Foisy, vp public relations, Louise Roux, treasurer, Yves Gérin, secretary, Paule Obermeir, Louise Gérin-Duffy. William Hogg (translation) and Michèle Gérin (texts and photos) Obermeir, Josette Gauvin, Roberto Toffoli, Jean-Marie Lefebvre, Thomas Pick

Season’sThank you for yourGreetings support.

8 [email protected] 819.238.4410 www.lacmassawippi.ca