feature feature Discovering Australian Children’s Literature By Dr Belle Alderman AM Director, National Centre for Australian Children’s Literature Inc

Design adapted from: Koala Shape Book, (: John Sands Ltd., 1931), nla.cat-vn4272738

Do you remember your favourite stories from childhood? These are etched into Charlotte Waring Atkinson (Charlotte Barton), A Mother’s Offering to Her Children: By a Lady Long our hearts and minds. We ache to feel again that moment of exhilaration when Resident in , (Sydney: George Evans, Bookseller, 1841), nla.cat-vn777812 we found a book we loved. Children today should have that same experience. Please note: images provided by the National Library of Australia are reproduced here with permission. Story Time: Australian Children’s Literature gives us an experience to share across generations with its appeal to all the young at heart. Story Time sharing between adults Early and classic stories and children A Mother’s Offering to Her Children (1841), but high tea as well. The National Library’s The National Library of Australia and the While children’s books are written and Australia’s first book published for children, website details these and other events National Centre for Australian Children’s illustrated for children, adults play an is a unique show stopper. The Story Time celebrating Story Time. Literature have collaborated to create essential role in bringing the two together. copy is even inscribed with its owner’s name Story Time. Opening on 22 August 2019, Story Time offers interactive moments — Charles James — coloured in, proudly the exhibition runs until 9 February 2020. The National Centre for Australian through a series of text panels scattered declaring this book is mine! Through Trove, There is plenty of time for repeat visits, Children’s Literature is offering two ‘white around the exhibition. These provide a brief this early book is easily accessible. Its participation in events and accessing some glove events’ in association with the Story comment in child-oriented language, then storytelling narrative style where children events remotely. With 270 ‘objects’ to Time exhibition. For more details and there is a question. For example, for the and Mrs Saville pose questions and offer explore, it is a good idea to plan for more registration, check the Centre’s website. older child viewing the map of Emily Rodda’s answers is a fascinating example of writing than one visit. Rowan Simpkin offers opportunities to Deltora, the question asked is, ‘Look closely at for children today. be ‘up close’ to Bob Graham’s artwork for the map. What do you think the environments Story Time for adults Max (2000) and A Bus Called Heaven (2011), are like?’ For young people looking at Graeme Travelling through time and various themes There are several events associated with Story revealing how he creates these much- Base’s artwork for The Eleventh Hour (1988), while highlighting particular books, Sharing Time that are aimed at adults. At the National loved books, with opportunities to examine the question is, ‘How many animals can you Stories showcases many much-loved titles Library, these include sessions exploring the preliminary sketches, draft manuscripts, see in this picture? Can you name them?’ like Cole’s Funny Picture Book (Cole [1882]), art of illustration featuring Freya Blackwood, dummy books, proofs and final artworks. A memorable for its spanking machine and Alison Lester and Leigh Hobbs. Hear about second event explores the work of another For young visitors, there is also the other oddities. Norman Lindsay’s The Magic cultural diversity from Shih-Wen Sue Chen as popular creator. Who does not love Leigh ‘Playtime’ room, with opportunities for Pudding (1918) is a special feature due she highlights a range of multicultural picture Hobbs’ characters — the incorrigible Old children to create their own artworks, write to the National Library’s unique formed books that celebrate cultural diversity, while Tom, Fiona the Pig and the travel-weary Mr their own stories and experience some collection by well-known bibliographer, focusing on the relationship between verbal Chicken? Ruth Nitschke will showcase many of the engaging videos produced by Story Marcie Muir. She was particularly partial and visual elements. There is an insider’s items created by this award-winning author/ Box Library. In these, adults read children’s to The Magic Pudding, so here can be found tour with the curator, Grace Blakeley-Carroll, illustrator, with Max Brown discussing the stories in an engaging way with various many different editions which she collected which includes not only the exhibition feast conservation of these artworks. animations of content. over her lifetime.

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Several popular characters romp through some controversy, reported by the ABC Whatever the appeal, Story Time proudly Australia’s well-known stories. Story Time news. displays a vast array. features Ginger Meggs, Australia’s most popular and longest running comic strip, The May Gibbs items at Story Time also Changing times created in the early 1920s by James C include one of the National Centre for The early years in the development of Bancks. This strip follows the escapades of Australian Children’s Literature best-loved Australian children’s stories featured a red-haired, prepubescent mischief-maker artworks. This is an extremely rare 1915 particular books and much-loved characters. who lives in an inner-suburban, working- preliminary artwork by May Gibbs for her Many of these continue to be available today. class household. Then there is Blinky Bill first Australian-published children’s book, But times do change, moving away from (Wall 1933), an adventurous, good-hearted Gumnut babies: words and pictures (1916). single character dominated stories, to more koala, but invariably in trouble, which Donated to the Centre by Jane Brummitt, complex ones with multiple characters appeared in 1933. There is a universality who is the holder of vast knowledge about facing environmental disasters, slipping of childhood in these characters, ideal for May Gibbs, this artwork and others about through time and discovering fantastical sharing with today’s youth. this artist can be found in the excellent worlds. book documenting the life and pursuits of From everyday adventures to the world of May Gibbs (Holden & Brummitt 2016). For Australian children’s literature blossomed fantasy, Australia’s early children’s books children, Tania McCartney has created a in the mid-20th century. Several authors featured only a few major creators. Ida picture book biography which inspires the emerged around the same time. Novels of Rentoul Outhwaite is a standout, widely young. (McCartney 2018). For those who adventure and fantasy appeared. Picture May Gibbs, Study for Lovers of Music for Gum- collected and occasionally exhibited. Her enjoy the story behind the story, look no books too came on the scene. In the 1960s, world of fairies features in this exhibition, Blossom Babies, 1915, National Centre for further than the journal articles in Behind Australian Children’s Literature, © The Northcott here carefully protected by curtains to avoid Society and the Cerebral Palsy Alliance the Imagined (2018), where Jane Brummitt too much light exposure for her delicate art. talks about her discovery of this 1915 rare artwork and Tania McCartney recounts the Australia’s oldest and most widely read author to have her work ‘merchandised’. inspiration for her book about May Gibbs as story worldwide is the classic Seven Little Her characters and stories have inspired a a child. Australians (Turner 1894). It featured as a vast and continuing array of ephemera or film, BBC and ABC television productions, a merchandise, which continues unabated Collections of ephemera musical, and as radio and stage productions. today. Story Time includes an excellent Many children have favourite toys that are It has never been out of print and appears sample. Look for the collection of handmade their steady companions. Story Time is a in multiple editions and translations. Early miniature calendars featuring May Gibbs’s prime example of how many Australian editions featured gold gilt paper edges, Gumnuts, Forget-me-nots and A Bush children’s stories have been turned into embossed covers tinged with gold — Greeting to You; The Gumnut Game; Gumnut toys or merchandised in various ways. Visit offering examples of fine book making. Babies 750-piece puzzle; a booklet of sticker your local book shop and note the boxed Many of these appear in Story Time, along fun; a Peek-a-Book Sweater; Gumnut Baby characters based on children’s books. Meet with an article by Ethel Turner explaining Badge; Gumnut Babies Fabric by the fabric Mr Pelican from Colin Thiele’s Storm Boy, Mr why (tongue-in-cheek) she wrote this story designer Peter Stripes; a Gumnut Babies Chicken, the irascible character featuring as well as a tantalising manuscript. plate and a collection of Snugglepot and in several of Leigh Hobbs’ picture books, or Cuddlepie toys. Further afield, visitors to the green sheep from Mem Fox and Judy May Gibbs: a merchandised creator Sydney may have noticed that late last year, Horacek’s Where is the Green Sheep? These Another early classic is May Gibbs's a pleasure ferry boat named May Gibbs could stories and others are featured in Story Snugglepot and Cuddlepie (1918). She be seen chugging around Sydney Harbour. Time. What is the attraction of ephemera? Elyne Mitchell, Page One from the Manuscript makes a grand appearance at Story Time. Originally named ‘Ferry McFerryface’, the Does it serve as a reminder of our favourite of The Silver Brumby, c.1958, in Papers of May Gibbs is Australia’s first children’s renaming of this ferry ‘May Gibbs’ caused book characters we once loved as children? Elyne Mitchell, nla.cat-vn186219

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the first children’s book editors joined Sheep? (2004) That iconic story for the very goal at the Centre is to collect, document Australian publishing houses like Angus & youngest will also be on exhibit, along with and showcase the creative process. Here Robertson and William Collins. These editors Judy Horacek’s artwork for the story. on show is the time-consuming, highly travelled to Bologna, Italy, for the annual detailed planning undertaken by Graeme worldwide gathering of children’s book Not to be missed is the National Centre for Base for just the jacket cover. We often publishers. There they gained exposure to Australian Children’s Literature’s original underestimate the effort our artists put into children’s books around the world while artwork for Mem Fox’s Koala Lou (1988) their works. The evidence is here. avidly promoting Australian authors and illustrators. Translations began to appear Stories create magical moments for readers, transporting them into of authors like Ivan Southall, , , and the minds and hearts of unforgettable characters, be they human Elyne Mitchell. Each captured a particular or animal. Story Time showcases several of these. The National time and place, recognisably Australian, Library of Australia holds the papers and manuscripts of Mem Fox. with memorable characters capturing the reader. Story Time offers an insight into the Story Time offers the opportunity to share the inspiration for one of creative process of these late and great Australia’s iconic stories — Possum Magic (Fox 1983). authors as the National Library of Australia’s manuscript collection showcases some of by illustrator Pamela Lofts. According to a Rarely do authors and illustrators work these stories. paper written by Mem Fox and held in the together on picture books. The usual practice Judy Horacek, Artwork for Where Is the Green Centre, the impetus for this story came is the editor and publisher work with Along came one of Australia’s most Sheep?, Written by Mem Fox, 2004, in Papers of about because of the author’s extreme the author and the illustrator separately, successful authors for children, Emily Judy Horacek, nla.cat-vn4838339, reproduced by disappointment when Possum Magic was bringing words and illustrations together Rodda, aka Jennifer Rowe. She wrote permission of Penguin Random House Australia not chosen as The Children’s Book Council as the work progresses. An exception on and submitted her first published book, Pty Ltd of Australia Picture Book of the Year. The exhibition at Story Time is a very clever Something Special (1984) to Angus & original idea though for Koala Lou came about picture book, Dinosaurs Love Cheese (2013), Robertson. As head of publishing at Angus of unforgettable characters, be they human when Australian singer Olivia Newton-John written by Jackie French and illustrated & Robertson at that time, she submitted her or animal. Story Time showcases several of asked Mem Fox to create a story about a by Nina Rycroft. They communicated via manuscript under her grandmother’s name, these. The National Library of Australia holds koala, to be named Koala Blue, who should be email as the story developed, exchanging Emily Rodda, to avoid possible favoured the papers and manuscripts of Mem Fox. just as appealing as the best-selling Possum ideas for both the story and the images. treatment. Angus & Robertson loved it! Story Time offers the opportunity to share Magic! Olivia Newton-John suggested this This exchange of ideas features at Story Since then, Emily Rodda has become a the inspiration for one of Australia’s iconic new book would be sold in her fashion chain Time. Nina is unusual as an artist in that she worldwide phenomenon, publishing over stories — Possum Magic (Fox 1983). In that of some 70 boutiques in the United States, used several different methods to check 50 books and selling over 15 million copies year, one of Australia’s most-loved stories Australia, France and Hong Kong. There the progression of the story. She created a worldwide in multiple languages. Watch out was delivered but not without a challenging would be a plush toy sold in the Koala Blue laparello, a tiny accordion fold-out type of for the merchandising of the Deltora Quest birth. After being rejected by nine publishers shops. The stories behind stories are often dummy, on display, but also used a large series at Story Time. The National Centre as ‘Hush the Invisible Mouse’, the story was as mesmerising as the final story produced. dummy like Bob Graham uses for his picture for Australian Children’s Literature holds accepted by Australia’s first independent books. She also used a storyboard for the her papers and manuscripts and more than children’s book publisher, Omnibus Books. Another magical moment showcased at same purpose, to check the progression of 1400 of her books in multiple languages. The publishers suggested that the mice Story Time is the jacket cover artwork for words and images. These are often used should become possums. The rest is history. Graeme Base’s The Eleventh Hour (Base to discuss the story with the editor and Contemporary classics and magical Possum Magic has never been out of print 1988). The National Centre for Australian publisher. One of the final artworks for this moments and has now sold more than five million Children’s Literature acquired the jacket book on exhibit shows that Dinosaurs Love Stories create magical moments for readers, copies. Mem Fox went on to create another cover and numerous preliminary pencil Cheese features a dual narrative for this transporting them into the minds and hearts contemporary classic, Where is the Green sketches for this contemporary classic. Our story where mum is busy in the kitchen,

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reveals the intricate, highly detailed, multiple this creator invariably uses to communicate studies and experimentation typical of Alison with his editor, trial the flow of the story and Lester’s work. consider alternative endings. The intricate details of this creator’s illustrations invite Bob Graham is a household name the multiple viewings, as with every look, there world over and for good reason. Here is an is yet more detail to be seen. author who tackles the world’s challenges like war, refugees and poverty through his Just as the interest in Aboriginal and illustrations but there is no message-driven Torres Strait Islander Peoples stories have text. The world’s concerns are simply there emerged as essential to Australians from to reach out and touch the reader. Having childhood onward, so too has the interest in published some 90 books since his first, cultural diversity and the need for authentic Pete and Roland (Graham 1981), many voices surfaced, not just in Australia. of Graham’s books are multiple award- Various social media movements demand winners around the world. At Story Time, our attention. Authors and illustrators two of his most-awarded and frequently of diverse backgrounds are creating Alison Lester, Artwork for Noni the Pony Goes to the Beach, 2014, National Centre for Australian Children’s Literature, reproduced by permission of Allen & Unwin translated books, Max (Graham 2000) and stories recognised as #OwnVoices. Hardie Silver Buttons (Graham 2013) are on show. Grant Egmont, one of Australia’s largest These both feature artwork and dummies children’s book publishers, has posted Where to start? Australia is a country bustling with highly creative artists whose careers are long, whose books feature regularly on Bob Graham, Artwork for Max, c.2000, National Centre for Australian Children’s Literature, reproduced by permission of Walker Books Australia Pty Ltd awards lists and are known around the world. Most importantly, these creators speak to the universal child in all of us.

with her imaginative toddler dreaming up Alison, along with Boorie Monty Pryor, was cavorting monkeys that are enjoying a feast Australia’s first Children’s Laureate. Alison is of bananas. This pattern of a dual narrative a tireless advocate for the Indigenous Literacy features throughout the book, with allusions Foundation. She is dedicated to inspiring to King Kong and the Beatles’ famous song creativity amongst children in remote ‘Abbey Road’. The question arises who are communities or recovering in hospital. So children’s books for if not for adults and popular are her stories that she opened a children enjoying books together? shop in Fish Creek, , that sells her original artwork, books and merchandise Capturing universal experiences based on her books. In Story Time, two of Where to start? Australia is a country Alison Lester’s characters appear, one bustling with highly creative artists whose from Noni the Pony Goes to the Beach (2014) careers are long, whose books feature featuring a friendly, happy and adventurous regularly on awards lists and are known pony and a memorable, rhyming text. Her around the world. Most importantly, these second featured book, Sophie Scott Goes creators speak to the universal child in all South (2012), offers both informational and of us. Bob Graham and Alison Lester are imaginative content as nine-year-old Sophie two such artists. has adventures in the Antarctica. Story Time

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on their website the following statement: this story, contrasting the bold colours and imaginative fiction, the story reveals yet each tiny item is from the environment, ‘Hardie Grant Egmont is always looking for from her homeland with the pale colours waves of immigrants who have settled in laboriously preserved then added to create fresh, exciting and well-written stories that of the Australian city. Here Freya’s art Australia. Children who inhabit a particular a story about the Australian environment. kids and teenagers will love to read. We media of oil and watercolour subtly house in inner Sydney move backwards At Story Time, several of Jeannie Baker’s especially welcome ‘Own Voice’ stories and capture both the old and the new and the in 10-year increments of time. Words and artworks for The Hidden Forest (2000) are manuscripts from diverse authors’ (Hardie transition from Cartwheel’s homeland to images seamlessly work together to reveal on exhibit. The opportunity to marvel at her Grant Egmont website, 14 August 2019). Australia. the changes taking place in Australia, all art is both a privilege and a treat. from the perspective of children. Twenty All Australians are increasingly aware and concerned about climate years later, My Place has been reissued with More a time line added, which includes the Mabo change. There is no artist more involved in this area that Jeannie In an exhibition as large as Story Time, it and Wik judgments and up to the Apology of is impossible to mention every treasure Baker. Each of her books uses intricate relief collage rendering her 2008. Nadia’s manuscripts and research for to be discovered. Everyone will have their artworks very large when seeing the finished product, yet each tiny this book are included in the exhibition and favourite creators and stories. Some other provide an essential story about Australia item is from the environment, laboriously preserved then added to gems included in Story Time are outstanding over time. artworks from Julie Vivas, Ron Brooks, Peter create a story about the Australian environment. Gouldthorpe, Walter Cunningham, Kerry First Nations Argent, Narelle Oliver and Gregory Rogers. Old and new worlds Another contemporary story of new arrivals The National Library of Australia has chosen One of Morris Gleitzman’s humorous tales, the term First Nations to refer to some Bumface, features with an accompanying A prime example of #OwnVoices exhibited to a country is Shaun Tan’s The Arrival works in the Story Time exhibition. This item of ephemera alongside an annotated at Story Time is the seminal, contemporary (2010). Shaun has loaned several items same terminology is thus used here. Story proof. There are so many objects to discover, story, My Two Blankets (Kobald & Blackwood from his personal collection for Story Time. Time features seminal books representing but this is for every individual to discover 2014). Irena Kobald is a multilingual Austrian His artworks are known worldwide as First Nations people’s stories and their not just one, but many favourites. immigrant to Australia, who teaches inventive and highly original. The Arrival is a contemporary classic, a 96-page wordless art. A special highlight is the collection of Aboriginal children in Australian outback graphic novel that offers a timeless artworks by Dick Goobalathaldin Roughsey A memento of Story Time communities. My Two Blankets is a story of reflection on immigration. Also from Shaun for his seminal book, The Rainbow Serpent young Cartwheel who leaves her familiar The experience of Story time is not over comes his picture book, The Lost Thing (Tan (1979). These artworks, on loan from the country for Australia, where everything is when viewers leave the exhibition or 2000), featuring the discovery of a creature National Museum of Australia, offer an another exhibition takes its place. There is a strange and different. She comforts herself initially lost but now found. This classic unforgettable experience to revisit a classic, ‘companion’ book, Story Time Stars: Favourite with her warm blanket full of memories. story became a short film, winning an which has never been out of print. Historical Characters from Australian Picture Books Gradually she creates a new blanket, just as Academy Award. It continues to be a story and contemporary items are also featured (2019) written by Stephanie Owen Reeder, warm, about her new country. that resonates with all ages. Here is an that reveal the range of the authors and which is the perfect companion when opportunity to study Shaun Tan’s creative illustrators creating for young people in this visiting and later reminiscing favourites The Story Box Library film of My Two process, thus engaging the imagination of rapidly growing field. Other seminal works featured in the exhibition. Story Time Stars Blankets is available for viewing at Story people of all ages. over time by First Nations authors and spans 100 years and captures 60 favourite Time. The Readings Foundation (which illustrators are also included in Story Time. and memorable Australian children’s book promotes literacy in all its forms) awarded A precursor to these books is a unique, multi- characters appearing between 1918 and a grant to the Asylum Seekers Resource award winning book, an excellent choice for Concern for the land and environment 2018. Each character has its own double- Centre (ASRC) for My Two Blankets to be Story Time. My Place (Wheatley & Rawlins All Australians are increasingly aware and page spread, a typical illustration from the translated into three languages: Farsi, 1987, 2008) was first published in 1987. In concerned about climate change. There is no book, story précis, its first appearance as Arabic and Dari. These language versions that edition, the story involved 200 years of artist more involved in this area that Jeannie a book, on stage or on screen, awards won are also available from Story Box Library. white British settlement, while placing the Baker. Each of her books uses intricate and other points of interest. Story Time Stars Freya Blackwood’s illustrations for this First Nations peoples at both the beginning relief collage rendering her artworks very is a welcome memento for family sharing of book capture the metaphorical aspect of and ending of the story. Blending history large when seeing the finished product, favourites.

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Story Time has been three years in the Gibbs, May 1918, Snugglepot and Cuddlepie, Reeder, Stephanie Owen 2019, Story Time Tan, Shaun 2000, The Lost Thing, Lothian making. Hundreds of hours have been spent Angus & Robertson, Sydney. Stars: Favourite Characters from Australian Books, Port . discussing, examining and choosing items Picture Books, National Library of Australia, Gleitzman, Morris 1998, Bumface, Puffin Tan, Shaun 2010, The Arrival, Lothian Books, to be exhibited, and then more time spent Canberra. Books, Ringwood, Victoria. Melbourne. conserving, designing layouts, narrating Rodda, Emily Deltora Quest Series is Thiele, Colin 2018, Storm Boy with Pelican Toy the stories and installing the objects in the Graham, Bob 2011, A Bus Called Heaven, the collective title for three distinct but exhibition. The National Library of Australia Walker Books, London. Gift Set, New Holland Publishers, Frenchs connected books in this series containing 15 Forest, New South Wales. and the National Centre for Australian Graham, Bob 2000, Max, Walker Books, books published between 2000 and 2005. Children’s Literature Inc invite you to share Turner, Ethel 1894, Seven Little Australians, London. Rodda, Emily 1984, Something Special, illus. the stories that belong to us all. Ward Locke, Sydney. Graham, Bob 1981, Pete and Roland, Collins, Noela Young, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, Wall, Dorothy 1933, Blinky Bill: The Quaint Sydney. Sydney. References Little Australian, Angus & Robertson, Sydney. Roughsey, Dick Goobalathaldin 1979, The Atkinson, Charlotte Waring (Charlotte Graham, Bob 2013, Silver Buttons, Walker Rainbow Serpent, Collins, Sydney. Wheatley, Nadia 1987, My place, illus. Barton) 1841, A Mother’s offering to her Books, London. Donna Rawlins, Collins Dove Publications, Story Box Library website states that: children, George Evans, Sydney. Hardie Grant Egmont website, 14 August Melbourne. ‘Story Box Library is a subscription Baker, Jeannie 2000, The Hidden Forest, 2019. based educational website, created for Wheatley, Nadia 2008, My place, illus. Donna Walker Books, London. Hobbs, Leigh 2001, Horrible Harriet, Allen & children to view stories by local authors Rawlins, Walker Books, Sydney. Bancks, James C 1924, The Sunbeams Unwin, Sydney. and illustrators, being read aloud by Book Adventures of Ginger Meggs, Sun fantastic, predominantly Australian and Hobbs, Leigh 2011, Mr Chicken Goes to Paris, Newspapers Ltd, Sydney. New Zealand, storytellers.’ Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, New South Base, Graeme 1988, The Eleventh Hour: A Wales. Reeder, Stephanie Owen 2019 Curious Mystery, Viking Kestrel, Ringwood, Story Time Stars: Favourite Holden, Robert & Brummit Jane 2016, May Victoria. Characters from Australian Gibbs: More Than a Fairytale: An Artistic Life, Brummitt, Jane 2018, ‘Giving of gum blossom Picture Books. Hardie Grant Books, Richmond, Victoria. NLA Publishing, 2019. watercolour’, in Behind the Imagined, no. 2, pp. 4–8. Kobald, Irena 2014, My Two Blankets, illus. Freya Blackwood, Hardie Grant Egmont/ Cole, EW [1882], Cole’s Funny Picture Book: Little Hare Books, Richmond, Victoria. The Funniest Picture Book in the World. Lester, Alison 2012, Sophie Scott Goes South, Fox, Mem 1988, Koala Lou, illus. Pamela Viking, Melbourne. Lofts, Ian Drakeford Publishing, Bayswater, Victoria. Lester, Alison 2014, Noni the Pony Goes to Fox, Mem 1983, Possum Magic, illus. Julie the Beach, Allen & Unwin, Sydney. Vivas, Omnibus Books, Adelaide. Lindsay, Norman 1918, The Magic Pudding, Fox, Mem 2004, Where is the Green Sheep? Angus & Robertson, Sydney. Illus. Judy Horacek, Viking, Melbourne. McCartney, Tania 2018, Mamie, French, Jackie 2013, Dinosaurs Love Cheese, Angus & Robertson, an imprint of illus. Nina Rycroft, HarperCollins Publishers, HarperCollinsChildren’sBooks, Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales. McCartney, Tania 2018, ‘Mamie — A Gibbs, May 1916, Gumnut Babies: Words and celebration of May’s life for modern children’ Pictures, Angus & Robertson, Sydney. in Behind the Imagined, no. 2, pp. 9–12.

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