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MOVING ROCKS Harms Aquatic Wildlife!

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MOVING ROCKS Harms Aquatic Wildlife! SMOKIESThe Official Newspaper of Great Smoky Mountains GUIDE National Park • Spring 2019 In This Issue Smokies Trip Planner • 2 Great Sights to See • 4 National Park News • 5-6 Things to Do • 7 Spring Driving Road Map • 8-9 Spring’s Return • 10 Climate Change • 11 Bats Hang in the Balance • 12-13 How to Help the Smokies • 14 Park Etiquette • 15 Visitor Information • 16 The Blue Ridge spring salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus danielsi) is found in the park’s higher elevations. Image by Kevin Hutcheson Mountain Streams are Fountains of Life Biodiversity thrives beneath the surface of Smokies streams he Smokies’ 2,900 miles of cold, there are spiny sculpins, miniature catfish, Top level predators—those that feed Tclear mountain streams are fed by darters and bizarre looking eels called primarily on fish—include river otter, tens of thousands of rain-fed springs, mountain brook lampreys. water snake (non-venomous) and a B e st constantly trickling water from crevices Two species of large, completely plethora of birds from the Belted King- ck gi y N olo in the ancient mountain range. Because aquatic salamanders—the hellbender and fisher to the Great Blue Heron. Perhaps ichol ntom s, E of the nature of the rock, water flowing common mudpuppy—lurk in the park’s natural history writer Loren Eiseley was from the springs is more acidic and larger streams and rivers. They grow thinking of the Smokies when he stated, Words with a Ranger contains fewer nutrients than limestone- to lengths of 29 inches and 16 inches “If there is magic on this planet, it is I work as an entomologist—a scientist or soil-lined streams. respectively. Shovel-nosed salamanders contained in water.” who studies insects—with the National Yet, what the waters here lack in also spend most of their time foraging Park Service. I’ve worked in the Smokies natural nutrients, they more than underwater and dusky salamanders are for 21 years, and my main responsi- make up for in age, quantity and usually found near springs. MOVING bilities include long-term monitoring biological variety. Residing beneath Most fish and salamanders make of aquatic insects, working on the All the waters’ surface is everything from their living preying on aquatic insects ROCKS Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in native brook trout to 11 species of like mayflies, caddisflies and stoneflies. conjunction with our nonprofit partner crayfish to giant salamanders. Fortunately for these predators, Smoky harms aquatic Discover Life in America (DLIA), and Remarkably, 77 species of fish have Mountain streams offer a cornucopia of coordinating insect-related projects like been documented in the park, a variety bugs. If you include all aquatic groups, the synchronous firefly program (see greater than the number of park mammal such as dragonflies, damselflies and wildlife! page 5). species and a diversity rivaling all other water-loving flies and beetles, there are See details on page 6. The best part of my job is being in North American watersheds. Other than more than 900 species of aquatic insects Words with a Ranger continued on page 5 the game fish—trout, bass and perch— that have been documented here. SMOKIES TRIP PLANNER Maps and guides: SmokiesInformation.org Additional information: nps.gov/grsm Camping in the national park Group sites must be reserved. Call Bicycling • Townsend 800.525.6834 or The National Park Service maintains 877.444.6777 or contact recreation.gov. Most park roads are too narrow and smokymountains.org developed campgrounds at nine loca- Group sites may be reserved up to a year heavily traveled by automobiles for safe tions in the park. Only Cades Cove and in advance. or enjoyable bicycling. However, Cades Pets in the park Smokemont are open in winter. There The list below shows number of Cove Loop Road is an exception. This Pets are allowed in front-country camp- are no showers or hookups other than campground sites, elevations, expected 11-mile, one-way, paved road provides grounds and beside roads as long as they circuits for special medical uses at Cades opening dates, nightly fees and bicyclists with excellent opportunities are restrained at all times. Pets are not Cove, Elkmont and Smokemont. maximum RV lengths. For more infor- for wildlife viewing and touring allowed on park trails, except for the Campsites at Abrams Creek, Balsam mation, visit nps.gov/grsm. historic homesites. Gatlinburg and Oconaluftee River trails. Mountain, Big Creek, Cades Cove, From May 8 to Sept. 25, on Dogs on these trails must be leashed. Cataloochee, Elkmont and Smokemont • Abrams Creek 16 sites, elev. 1,125', Wednesday and Saturday mornings from may be reserved. For reservations call opens April 26, $17.50, 12' trailers sunrise until 10 a.m., only bicycles and Special events 877.444.6777 or contact recreation.gov. • Balsam Mountain 42 sites, elev. 5,310', pedestrians are allowed on Cades Cove April 24–27, 2019 Spring Wildflower Sites may be reserved up to six months opens May 17, $17.50, 30' RVs Loop Road. Bicycles may be rented at Pilgrimage: parkwide in advance. Reservations are required at • Big Creek 12 sites, elev. 1,700', opens the Cades Cove Campground store. May 7–11, 2019 Wilderness Wildlife Abrams Creek, Balsam Mountain, Big April 19, $17.50, tents only Helmets are required by law for Week: parkwide Creek and Cataloochee campgrounds. • Cades Cove 159 sites, elev. 1,807', persons age 16 and under. However, June 15, 2019 Women’s Work Site occupancy is limited to six open year-round, $21-$25, 35'-40' RVs helmets are strongly recommended for Mountain Farm Museum people and two vehicles (a trailer = one • Cataloochee 27 sites, elev. 2,610', all bicyclists. vehicle). The maximum stay is 14 days. opens April 19, $25, 31' RVs Bicycles are permitted on park roads For rent Special camping sites for large groups • Cosby 157 sites, elev. 2,459', opens but prohibited on trails except Gatlin- The Appalachian Clubhouse and Spence are available seasonally at Big Creek, April 19, $17.50, 25' RVs burg, Oconaluftee River and lower Cabin at Elkmont can be rented for Cades Cove, Cataloochee, Cosby, Deep • Deep Creek 92 sites, elev. 1,800', Deep Creek/Indian Creek. daytime events starting April 1. Contact Creek, Elkmont and Smokemont. opens April 19, $21, 26' RVs recreation.gov. • Elkmont 220 sites, elev. Accommodations 2,150', opens March 8, • LeConte Lodge (accessible by trail Visitor centers $21-$27, 32'-35' RVs only) provides the only lodging in the Spring hours of operation are, • Smokemont 142 sites, elev. park. 865.429.5704 or lecontelodge.com Oconaluftee and Sugarlands: 8-5 in 2,198', open year-round, For information on lodging outside March; 8-6 in April and May. Cades $21-$25, 35'-40' RVs. the park: Cove: 9-6 in March; 9-6:30 in April; • Look Rock closed for repairs • Bryson City 800.867.9246 or 9-7 in May. Clingmans Dome (opens greatsmokies.com March 30): 10-6. Firewood • Cherokee 828.788.0034 or To prevent the spread of cherokeesmokies.com Picnic areas destructive insect pests, the NPS • Fontana 800.849.2258 or Picnic areas open year-round are: has banned outside firewood fontanavillage.com Cades Cove, Deep Creek, Greenbrier from entering the park unless • Gatlinburg 800.588.1817 or and Metcalf Bottoms. All other picnic it is USDA- or state-certified gatlinburg.com areas (except Heintooga) are expected heat-treated wood. Visitors are • Maggie Valley 800.624.4431 or to open on April 19. Heintooga is allowed to collect dead and maggievalley.org expected to open May 17. Please see down wood for campfires while • Pigeon Forge 800.251.9100 or the map on page 16 for locations. camping in the park. Certified mypigeonforge.com Picnic pavilions may be reserved for Spring can bring unpredictable weather with snow in the upper elevations. Image by Bill Lea wood may be purchased in and • Sevierville 888.766.5948 or $12.50-$80 at recreation.gov. around the park. visitsevierville.com SMOKIES GUIDE Smokies Guide is produced five times per year Late Summer: Writers Design Assistants Spring Planning Dana Soehn © 2019 Great E Printed on by Great Smoky Mountains Association and mid-August Steve Kemp Lisa Horstman Committee Paul Super Smoky Mountains recycled paper Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Autumn: mid-Sept. Valerie Polk Emma DuFort Matt Kulp Stephanie Sutton Association Winter: mid-Dec. Aaron Searcy Christine Hoyer P.O. Box 130 Publication dates are roughly as follows: NPS Coordinator Lisa Nagurny Gatlinburg, TN 37738 Spring: mid-March Editor Lead Designer Stephanie Kyriazis Jim Renfro SmokiesInformation.org Summer: early June Frances Figart Karen Key Smokies Guide Spring 2019 • 2 when a sunny day in Fishing Spring hikers should be especially the 70s °F is followed Fishing is permitted year-round in aware of the danger of hypothermia— by a wet, bitterly cold the park, and a Tennessee or North the lowering of body temperature. The one. By mid- to late Carolina fishing license is required. combination of rain, cold and wind April, the weather Either state license is valid throughout is especially dangerous. At the park’s is milder. the park and no trout stamp is required. higher elevations, hypothermia can be a Fishing with bait is prohibited in threat even during summer. • Summer - the park. A special permit is required To prevent hypothermia, carry By mid-June, heat, for the Cherokee Reservation and reliable rain gear at all times. Layer haze and humidity Gatlinburg. Licenses are available in clothing that provides warmth when are the norm. Most nearby towns. wet (not cotton). Be prepared for precipitation occurs A free fishing map with a complete sudden weather changes, especially at as afternoon list of all park fishing regulations is avail- the higher elevations.
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